Language: English

Book: Mark

Introduction to the Gospel of Mark

Part 1: General Introduction

Outline of the Book of Mark

  1. Introduction (1:1–13)
  2. The ministry of Jesus in Galilee
  3. Progress toward Jerusalem, repeated times when Jesus predicts his own death, the disciples misunderstand, and Jesus teaches them how difficult it will be to follow him (8:27–10:52)
  4. Last days of ministry and preparation for final conflict in Jerusalem (11:1–13:37)
  5. The death of Christ and the empty tomb (14:1–16:8)

What is the Book of Mark about?

The Gospel of Mark is one of four books in the New Testament that describe some of the life of Jesus Christ. The authors of the gospels wrote about different aspects of who Jesus was and what he did. Mark wrote much about how Jesus suffered and died on the cross. He did this to encourage his readers who were being persecuted. Mark also explained Jewish customs and some Aramaic words. This may indicate that Mark expected most of his first readers to be Gentiles.

How should the title of this book be translated?

Translators may choose to call this book by its traditional title, "The Gospel of Mark" or "The Gospel according to Mark." They may also choose a title that may be clearer, such as "The Good News about Jesus that Mark wrote."

Who wrote the Book of Mark?

The book does not give the name of the author. However, since early Christian times, most Christians have thought that the author was Mark. Mark was also known as John Mark. He was a close friend of Peter. Mark may not have witnessed what Jesus said and did. But many scholars think that Mark wrote in his gospel what Peter told him about Jesus.

Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts

What were Jesus's teaching methods?

The people regarded Jesus as a rabbi. A rabbi is a teacher of God's law. Jesus taught in ways similar to those of other religious teachers in Israel. He had students who followed him wherever he went. These students were called disciples. He often told parables. Parables are stories that teach moral lessons. (See: law of Moses and disciple and parable)

Part 3: Important Translation Issues

What are the Synoptic Gospels?

The Gospels of Matthew, Mark, and Luke are called the Synoptic Gospels because they have many similar passages. The word "synoptic" means to "see together."

The texts are considered "parallel" when they are the same or almost the same among two or three gospels. When translating parallel passages, translators should use the same wording and make them as similar as possible.

Why does Jesus refer to himself as the "Son of Man"?

In the gospels, Jesus calls himself the "Son of Man." It is a reference to Daniel 7:13-14. In this passage there is a person described as a "son of man." That means the person was someone who looked like a human being. God gave authority to the son of man to rule over the nations forever. And all the people will worship him forever.

Jews of Jesus's time did not use "Son of Man" as a title for anyone. Therefore, Jesus used it for himself to help them understand who he truly was. (See: Son of Man)

Translating the title "Son of Man" can be difficult in many languages. Readers may misunderstand a literal translation. Translators can consider alternatives, such as "The Human One." It may also be helpful to include a footnote to explain the title.

Why does Mark frequently use terms indicating short periods of time?

The Gospel of Mark uses the word "immediately" forty-two times. Mark does this to make the events more exciting and vivid. It moves the reader quickly from one event to the next.

What are the major issues in the text of the Book of Mark?

The following verses are found in older versions of the Bible but are not included in most modern versions. Translators are advised not to include these verses. However, if in the translators' region there are older versions of the Bible that include one or more of these verses, the translators can include them. If they are included, they should be put inside square brackets ([]) to indicate that they were probably not original to Mark's Gospel.

The following passage in not found in the earliest manuscripts. Most Bibles include this passage, but modern Bibles put it in brackets ([]) or indicate in some way that this passage may not have been original to Mark's Gospel. Translators are advised to do something similar to what is done in the modern versions of the Bible.

Chapter 1

Mark 1 General Notes

Structure and formatting

Some translations set poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to show that it is poetry. The ULB does this with the poetry in 1:2-3, which is a quotation from the Old Testament.

Special concepts in this chapter

"You can make me clean"

Leprosy was a disease of the skin that made a person unclean and unable to properly worship God. Jesus is capable of making people physically "clean" or healthy as well as spiritually "clean" or right with God. (See: clean)

Prophecy

Mark begins this book about Jesus Christ with the words that the prophet Isaiah wrote long before that time. Then he tells how John the Baptist and Jesus Christ fulfilled that prophecy.

Repentance

Repent means stop sinning. John the Baptist taught people to repent so that God would forgive their sins. Jesus taught people to repent and to believe the good news about the kingdom of God.

The work of Jesus

Jesus went around preaching the good news of God, casting demons out of people, and healing people who were sick.

Mark 1:1

General Information:

The author of this book is Mark, also called John Mark. He was the son of one of the women named Mary mentioned in the four Gospels. He was also the nephew of Barnabas. This whole book is about Jesus Christ.

Son of God

This is an important title for Jesus.

Mark 1:2

General Information:

Mark begins this book with the words that the prophet Isaiah wrote long ago about a messenger who would come and tell the people to get ready for the Lord's coming. Verses 4-15 show how this prophecy was fulfilled by John the Baptist and Jesus Christ.

before your face

This is an idiom that means "ahead of you."

your face ... your way

Here the word "your" refers to the Lord and is singular.

the one

This refers to the messenger.

will prepare your way

Doing this represents preparing the people for the Lord's arrival. Alternate translation: "will prepare the people for your arrival"

Mark 1:3

Connecting Statement:

This verse tells how the messenger in verse 2 would prepare the Lord's way.

The voice of one crying out in the wilderness

This phrase can be expressed as a sentence. Alternate translation: "The voice of one crying out in the wilderness is heard" or "They hear the sound of someone crying out in the wilderness"

Make ready the way of the Lord ... make his paths straight

These two phrases mean the same thing.

Make ready the way of the Lord

"Get the road ready for the Lord." Doing this represents being prepared to hear the Lord's message when he comes. Alternate translation: "Prepare yourselves for the Lord to come" or "Be ready for the Lord when he comes"

Mark 1:4

General Information

The events in Mark 1:4-15 are a fulfillment of what Isaiah had prophesied. John was the "messenger" of verse 2 and "the one calling out in the wilderness" of verse 3.

John came

Translators can make it explicit that John's coming was a fulfillment of Isaiah's prophecy. Alternate translation: "So John came" or "In fulfillment of that prophecy, John came"

Mark 1:5

The whole country of Judea and all the people of Jerusalem

The words "The whole country" are a metonym for the people who live in the country and a generalization that refers to a great number of people, not to every single person. Alternate translation: "Many people from Judea and Jerusalem"

They were baptized by him in the Jordan River, confessing their sins

They did these things at the same time. The people were baptized because they repented of their sins. Alternate translation: "When they repented of their sins, John baptized them in the Jordan River"

Mark 1:6

he ate locusts and wild honey

Locusts and wild honey were foods that John could find in the wilderness. Wild honey is honey that wild bees make.

Mark 1:7

He was preaching

"John was preaching"

the strap of his sandals I am not worthy to stoop down and untie

John was comparing himself to a servant to show how great the one to come would be. Alternate translation: "I am not even worthy to do the lowly task of removing his shoes"

the strap of his sandals

People often wore sandals that were made of leather and were tied to their feet with leather straps.

stoop down

"bend down"

Mark 1:8

but he will baptize you with the Holy Spirit

John was contrasting how he was purifying people with water with how the one to come would purify people with the Holy Spirit. To baptize with the Holy Spirit is a metaphor meaning that that person would send the Holy Spirit to purify people. The Holy Spirit would then live in them and empower them to stop sinning and to obey God. If possible, use the same word for "baptize" here as you used for John's baptism.

Mark 1:9

It happened in those days

This marks the beginning of a new event in the story.

he was baptized by John

This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "John baptized him"

Mark 1:10

the Spirit coming down on him like a dove

Possible meanings are 1) this is a simile, and the Spirit descended upon Jesus as a bird descends from the sky toward the ground or 2) the Spirit literally looked like a dove as he descended upon Jesus.

Mark 1:11

A voice came out of the heavens

This represents God speaking. Sometimes people avoid referring directly to God because they respect him. Alternate translation: "God spoke from the heavens"

beloved Son

This is an important title for Jesus. The Father calls Jesus his "beloved Son" because of his eternal love for him.

Mark 1:12

Connecting Statement:

After Jesus's baptism, he is in the wilderness for 40 days and then goes to Galilee to teach and call his disciples.

compelled him to go out

"forced Jesus to go out"

Mark 1:13

He was in the wilderness

"He stayed in the wilderness"

forty days

"40 days"

He was with

"He was among"

Mark 1:14

after John was arrested

"after John was placed in prison." Mark is referring to when King Herod had John arrested. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "after King Herod had John arrested" or "after soldiers arrested John"

proclaiming the gospel

"telling many people about the good news"

Mark 1:15

The time is fulfilled

"It is now time"

the kingdom of God is near

Possible meanings are 1) God was beginning to rule. Alternate translation: "God is beginning to rule over all" or 2) God would soon rule over all. Alternate translation: "God is about to rule over all"

Mark 1:16

he saw Simon and Andrew

"Jesus saw Simon and Andrew"

casting a net in the sea

The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: "throwing a net into the water to catch fish"

Mark 1:17

Come, follow me

"Follow me" or "Come with me"

I will make you fishers of men

This metaphor means Simon and Andrew will teach people God's true message, so others will also follow Jesus. Alternate translation: "I will teach you to gather men to me like you gather fish"

men

human beings, persons, people, not specifically males

Mark 1:18

General Information:

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Mark 1:19

in the boat

This was probably James and John's boat.

mending the nets

"repairing the nets"

Mark 1:20

called them

It may be helpful to state clearly why Jesus called to James and John. Alternate translation: "called them to come with him"

hired servants

"servants who worked for them"

they followed him

James and John went with Jesus.

Mark 1:21

Connecting Statement:

Jesus teaches in the synagogue of the town of Capernaum on the Sabbath. By sending a demon out of a man he amazes the people in all the nearby area around Galilee.

came into Capernaum

"arrived at Capernaum"

Mark 1:22

for he was teaching them as someone who has authority and not as the scribes

The idea of "teach" can be stated clearly when talking about "someone who has authority" and "the scribes." Alternate translation: "for he was teaching them as someone who has authority teaches and not as the scribes teach"

Mark 1:23

General Information:

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Mark 1:24

What do we have to do with you, Jesus of Nazareth?

The demon asked this rhetorical question meaning that there was no reason for Jesus to interfere with him or any other demon. Alternate translation: "Jesus of Nazareth, leave us alone! There is no reason for you to interfere with us."

we ... us

These pronouns are exclusive. They refer to the demon inside the man and all other demons, but do not include the listener.

Have you come to destroy us?

The demon asked this rhetorical question to urge Jesus not to harm him or any other demon. Alternate translation: "Do not destroy us!"

Mark 1:25

General Information:

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Mark 1:26

threw him down

Here the word "him" refers to the demon-possessed man.

and went out from him while crying out with a loud voice

"and cried out with a loud voice as it went out from him"

Mark 1:27

so they asked each other, "What is this? ... they obey him!"

The people used a question to show how amazed they were. It can be expressed as an exclamation. Alternate translation: "so they said to each other, 'This is amazing! ... they obey him!'"

A new teaching with authority!

The people used this exclamation to express their amazement at Jesus' teaching. It can also be expressed as a full sentence. Alternate translation: "He gives a new teaching, and he speaks with authority!" or "He teaches something new, and he has authority!"

He even commands the unclean spirits and they obey him!

This was evidence of Jesus' authority.

Mark 1:28

General Information:

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Mark 1:29

General Information:

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Mark 1:30

Now Simon's mother-in-law was lying sick with a fever

The word "Now" marks a pause in the story. In this sentence, Mark introduces Simon's mother-in-law to the story and gives background information about her.

Mark 1:31

raised her up

"caused her to stand" or "made her able to get out of bed"

the fever left her

You may want to make explicit who healed her. Alternate translation: "Jesus healed her of the fever"

she started serving them

You may want to make explicit that she served food. Alternate translation: "she provided them with food and drinks"

Mark 1:32

they brought to him

"the people brought to Jesus"

all who were sick or possessed by demons

The word "all" is an exaggeration to emphasize the great number of people who came. Alternate translation: "many who were sick or possessed by demons"

Mark 1:33

The whole city gathered together at the door

The word "city" is a metonym for the people who lived in the city. Here the word "whole" is probably a generalization to emphasize that most people from the city gathered. Alternate translation: "Many people from that city gathered outside the door"

Mark 1:34

He healed

"Jesus healed"

Mark 1:35

Connecting Statement:

Jesus takes time to pray in the midst of his time of healing people. He then goes to towns throughout Galilee to preach, heal, and cast out demons.

He got up

"Jesus got up"

a solitary place

"a place where he could be alone"

Mark 1:36

Simon and those who were with him

Here "him" refers to Simon. Also, those with him include Andrew, James, John, and possibly other people.

Mark 1:37

Everyone is looking for you

The word "Everyone" is an exaggeration to emphasize that many people were looking for Jesus. Alternate translation: "Many people are looking for you"

Mark 1:38

General Information:

Here the words "he" and "I" refer to Jesus.

Let us go elsewhere

"We need to go to some other place." Here Jesus uses the word "us" to refer to himself, along with Simon, Andrew, James, and John.

Mark 1:39

He went throughout all of Galilee

The words "throughout all" are an exaggeration used to emphasize that Jesus went to many locations during his ministry. Alternate translation: "He went to many places in Galilee"

Mark 1:40

A leper came to him. He was begging him; he knelt down and said to him

"A leper came to Jesus. He knelt down and was begging Jesus and said"

If you are willing, you can make me clean

In the first phrase, the words "to make me clean" are understood because of the second phrase. Alternate translation: "If you are willing to make me clean, then you can make me clean"

are willing

"want" or "desire"

you can make me clean

In biblical times, a person who had any of certain skin diseases was considered unclean until his skin had healed enough that he was no longer contagious. Alternate translation: "you can heal me"

Mark 1:41

Moved with compassion, Jesus

Here the word "moved" is an idiom meaning to feel emotion about another's need. Alternate translation: "Having compassion for him, Jesus" or "Jesus felt compassion for the man, so he"

I am willing

It may be helpful to state what Jesus is willing to do. Alternate translation: "I am willing to make you clean"

Mark 1:42

General Information:

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Mark 1:43

General Information:

The word "him" used here refers to the leper whom Jesus healed.

Mark 1:44

Be sure to say nothing to anyone

"Be sure to not say anything to anyone"

show yourself to the priest

Jesus told the man to show himself to the priest so that the priest could look at his skin to see if his leprosy was really gone. The law of Moses required people to present themselves to the priest if they had been unclean but were no longer unclean.

show yourself

The word "yourself" here represents the skin of the leper. Alternate translation: "show your skin"

a testimony to them

It is best to use the pronoun "them," if possible, in your language. Possible meanings are 1) "a testimony to the priests" or 2) "a testimony to the people."

Mark 1:45

But he went out

The word "he" refers to the man Jesus healed.

began to declare it freely

Here "declare it freely" is a metaphor for telling people in many places about what had happened. Alternate translation: "began to tell people in many places about what Jesus had done"

so much so that

The man spread the news so much that

that Jesus could no longer enter a town openly

This was the result of the man spreading the news so much. Here "openly" is a metaphor for "publicly." Jesus could not enter the towns because many people would crowd around him. Alternate translation: "that Jesus could no longer enter a town publicly" or "that Jesus could no longer enter the towns in a way that many people would see him"

remote places

"lonely places" or "places where no one lived"

from everywhere

The word "everywhere" is a hyperbole used to emphasize how very many places the people came from. Alternate translation: "from all over the region"

ULB Translation Questions

Mark 1:2

What did the prophet Isaiah predict would happen before the Lord came?

Isaiah predicted that God would send a messenger, a voice of someone calling out in the wilderness, to prepare the way of the Lord.

Mark 1:3

What did the prophet Isaiah predict would happen before the Lord came?

Isaiah predicted that God would send a messenger, a voice of someone calling out in the wilderness, to prepare the way of the Lord.

Mark 1:4

What did John come preaching?

John came preaching a baptism of repentance for the forgiveness of sins.

Mark 1:5

What did the people do as they were baptized by John?

The people confessed their sins as they were baptized by John.

Mark 1:6

What did John eat?

John ate locusts and wild honey.

Mark 1:8

With what did John say the one coming after him would baptize?

John said the one coming after him would baptize with the Holy Spirit.

Mark 1:10

What did Jesus see as he came up out of the water after being baptized by John?

After being baptized, Jesus saw the heavens split open and the Spirit descend on him as a dove.

Mark 1:11

What did the voice from heaven say after Jesus was baptized?

The voice from heaven said, "You are my beloved Son; I am very pleased with you".

Mark 1:12

Who drove Jesus out into the wilderness?

The Spirit drove Jesus out into the wilderness.

Mark 1:13

How long was Jesus in the wilderness, and what happened to him there?

Jesus was in the wilderness forty days, and he was tempted by Satan there.

Mark 1:15

What message did Jesus preach?

Jesus preached that the kingdom of God was near, and that people must repent and believe in the gospel.

Mark 1:16

What was the occupation of Simon and Andrew?

Simon and Andrew were fishermen.

Mark 1:17

What did Jesus say he would make Simon and Andrew?

Jesus said he would make Simon and Andrew fishers of men.

Mark 1:19

What was the occupation of James and John?

James and John were fishermen.

Mark 1:22

Why did Jesus' teaching astonish the people in the synagogue?

Jesus' teaching astonished the people because Jesus taught as one with authority.

Mark 1:24

What title did the unclean spirit in the synagogue give Jesus?

The unclean spirit in the synagogue gave Jesus the title of the Holy One of God.

Mark 1:28

What happened with the news about Jesus?

The news about Jesus went out everywhere.

Mark 1:30

When they went into Simon's house, who did Jesus heal?

When they went into Simon's house, Jesus healed Simon's mother-in-law.

Mark 1:32

What happened when it was evening?

When it was evening, the people brought all who were sick or possessed by demons, and Jesus healed them.

Mark 1:33

What happened when it was evening?

When it was evening, the people brought all who were sick or possessed by demons, and Jesus healed them.

Mark 1:34

What happened when it was evening?

When it was evening, the people brought all who were sick or possessed by demons, and Jesus healed them.

Mark 1:35

What did Jesus do before the sun rose?

Before the sun rose, Jesus went out to a solitary place and prayed there.

Mark 1:38

What did Jesus tell Simon he had come to do?

Jesus said that he had come to preach in the surrounding towns.

Mark 1:39

What did Jesus tell Simon he had come to do?

Jesus said that he had come to preach in the surrounding towns.

Mark 1:40

What attitude did Jesus have toward the leper who begged Jesus to be healed?

Jesus had pity on the leper and healed him.

Mark 1:41

What attitude did Jesus have toward the leper who begged Jesus to be healed?

Jesus had pity on the leper and healed him.

Mark 1:42

What attitude did Jesus have toward the leper who begged Jesus to be healed?

Jesus had pity on the leper and healed him.

Mark 1:44

What did Jesus tell the leper to do, and why?

Jesus told the leper to go offer the sacrifices according to what Moses commanded as a testimony.

Chapter 2

Mark 2 General Notes

Special concepts in this chapter

"Sinners"

When the people of Jesus's time spoke of "sinners," they were talking about people who did not obey the law of Moses and instead committed sins like stealing or sexual sins. When Jesus said that he came to call "sinners," he meant that only people who believe that they are sinners can be his followers. This is true even if they are not what most people think of as "sinners." (See: sin)

Fasting and Feasting

People would fast, or not eat food for a long time, when they were sad or were showing God that they were sorry for their sins. When they were happy, like during weddings, they would have feasts, or meals where they would eat much food. (See: fast)

Important figures of speech in this chapter

Rhetorical Questions

The Jewish leaders used rhetorical questions to show that they were angry because of what Jesus said and did and that they did not believe that he was God's Son

Mark 2:1

Connecting Statement:

After preaching and healing people throughout Galilee, Jesus returns to Capernaum, where he heals and forgives the sin of a paralyzed man.

it was heard that he was at home

This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "the people there heard that he was staying at his home"

Mark 2:2

So many gathered there

The word "there" refers to the house that Jesus stayed at in Capernaum. Alternate translation: "So many people gathered there" or "So many people came to the house"

there was no more space

This refers to there being no space inside the house. Alternate translation: "there was no more room for them inside"

he spoke the word to them

"Jesus spoke his message to them"

Mark 2:3

four people were carrying him

"four of them were carrying him." It is likely that there were more than four people within the group that brought the man to Jesus.

were bringing a paralyzed man

"were bringing a man who was unable to walk or use his arms"

Mark 2:4

could not get near him

"could not get close to where Jesus was"

they removed the roof that was above Jesus, and after they made an opening, they lowered the mat the paralyzed man was lying on

Houses where Jesus lived had flat roofs made of clay and covered with tiles. Alternate translation: "they removed the tiles from the part of the roof above where Jesus was. And when they had dug through the clay roof, they lowered the mat the paralzyed man was lying on" or "they made a hole in the roof above Jesus, and then they lowered the paralyzed man on the mat"

Mark 2:5

Seeing their faith

"Seeing the men's faith." Possible meanings are 1) that only the men who carried the paralyzed man had faith or 2) that the paralyzed man and the men who brought him to Jesus all had faith.

Son

The word "Son" here shows Jesus cared for the man as a father cares for a son. Alternate translation: "My son"

your sins are forgiven

Jesus did not clearly say who was forgiving the man's sins. Alternate translation: "your sins are gone" or "you do not have to pay for your sins" or "your sins do not count against you"

Mark 2:6

reasoned in their hearts

Here "their hearts" is a metonym for the people's thoughts. Alternate translation: "were thinking to themselves"

Mark 2:7

How can this man speak this way?

The scribes used this question to show their anger that Jesus said "Your sins are forgiven." Alternate translation: "This man should not speak this way!"

Who can forgive sins but God alone?

The scribes used this question to say that since only God can forgive sins, then Jesus should not say "Your sins are forgiven." Alternate translation: "Only God can forgive sins!"

Mark 2:8

in his spirit

"in his inner being" or "in himself"

they were thinking within themselves

Each of the scribes was thinking to himself; they were not talking to each other.

Why are you thinking this in your hearts?

Jesus uses this question to tell the scribes that what they are thinking is wrong. Alternate translation: "What you are thinking is wrong." or "Do not think that I am blaspheming."

this in your hearts

The word "hearts" is a metonym for their inner thoughts and desires. Alternate translation: "this inside yourselves" or "these things"

Mark 2:9

Which is easier, to say to the paralyzed man, ... take up your mat and walk'?

Jesus uses this question to make the scribes think about what might prove whether or not he could really forgive sins. Alternate translation: "I just said to the paralyzed man, 'Your sins are forgiven.' You may think that it is harder to say 'Get up, take up your mat and walk,' because the proof of whether or not I can heal him will be shown by whether or not he gets up and walks." or "You may think that it is easier to say to the paralyzed man 'Your sins are forgiven' than it is to say 'Get up, take up your mat and walk.'"

Mark 2:10

But in order that you may know

"But so that you may know." The word "you" refers to the scribes and the crowd.

that the Son of Man has authority

Jesus refers to himself as the "Son of Man." Alternate translation: "that I am the Son of Man and I have authority"

Mark 2:11

General Information:

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Mark 2:12

in front of everyone

"while all the people there were watching"

Mark 2:13

Connecting Statement:

Jesus is teaching the crowd beside the Sea of Galilee, and he calls Levi to follow him.

the lake

This is the Sea of Galilee, which is also known as the Lake of Gennesaret.

the crowd came to him

"the people went where he was"

Mark 2:14

Levi son of Alphaeus

Alpheus was Levi's father.

the tax collector's tent

We do not know what kind of a structure this was or what it was made of. It may have been a tent or booth. It probably included a table and some kind of protection from sun and rain.

Mark 2:15

Connecting Statement:

It is now later in the day, and Jesus is at Levi's house for a meal.

Levi's house

"the home of Levi"

sinners

In this verse, the word "sinners" refers to people who did not obey the law of Moses but committed what others thought were very bad sins

for there were many and they followed him

Possible meanings are 1) "for there were many tax collectors and sinful people who followed Jesus" or 2) "for Jesus had many disciples and they followed him."

Mark 2:16

Why does he eat with tax collectors and sinners?

The scribes and Pharisees asked this question to show they disapproved of Jesus's hospitality. This can be worded as a statement. Alternate translation: "He should not eat with tax collectors and sinners!"

Mark 2:17

Connecting Statement:

Jesus responds to what the scribes had said to his disciples about his eating with tax collectors and sinful people.

he said to them

"he said to the scribes"

People who are strong in body do not need a physician; only people who are sick need one

Jesus used this proverb about sick people and doctors to teach them that only people who know that they are sinful realize that they need Jesus.

strong in body

"healthy"

I did not come to call righteous people, but sinners

Jesus expects his hearers to understand he came for those who want help. Alternate translation: "I came for people who understand they are sinful, not for people who believe they are righteous"

but sinners

The words "I came to call" are understood from the phrase before this. Alternate translation: "but I came to call sinners"

Mark 2:18

Connecting Statement:

Jesus tells parables to show why his disciples should not fast while he is with them.

the Pharisees were fasting ... the disciples of the Pharisees

These two phrases refer to the same group of people, but the second is more specific. Both refer to the followers of the Pharisee sect, but they do not focus on the leaders of the Pharisees. Alternate translation: "the disciples of the Pharisees were fasting ... the disciples of the Pharisees"

Some people

"Some men." It is best to translate this phrase without specifying exactly who these men are. If in your language you have to be more specific, the possible meanings are 1) these men were not among John's disciples or the disciples of the Pharisees or 2) these men were among John's disciples.

came and said to him

"came and said to Jesus"

Mark 2:19

Can the wedding attendants fast while the bridegroom is still with them?

Jesus uses this question to remind the people of something they already know and to encourage them to apply it to him and his disciples. Alternate translation: "Wedding attendants do not fast while the bridegroom is with them. Rather they celebrate and feast."

Mark 2:20

the bridegroom will be taken away

This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "the bridegroom will go away"

away from them ... they will fast

The words "them" and "they" refer to the wedding attendants.

Mark 2:21

No one sews a piece of new cloth on an old garment

Sewing a piece of new cloth on an old garment will make the hole on an old garment worse if the piece of new cloth has not yet shrunk. Both the new cloth and old garment will be ruined.

Mark 2:22

Connecting Statement:

Jesus begins to tell another parable. This one is about putting new wine into old wineskins rather than into new wineskins.

new wine

"grape juice." This refers to wine that has not fermented yet. If grapes are unknown in your area, use the general term for fruit juice.

old wineskins

This refers to wineskins that have been used many times.

wineskins

These were bags made out of animal skins. They could also be called "wine bags" or "skin bags."

the wine will burst the skins

New wine expands as it ferments. If it is put in new wineskins, the wineskins will stretch. But old wineskins are brittle and cannot stretch. If new wine is poured into old wineskins, the wineskins will tear open.

are lost

"will be ruined"

fresh wineskins

"new wineskins" or "new wine bags." This refers to wineskins that have never been used.

Mark 2:23

Connecting Statement:

Jesus gives the Pharisees an example from scripture to show why the disciples were not wrong to pick grain on the Sabbath.

began picking heads of grain

The disciples were picking heads of grain to eat the kernels, or seeds, in them while they were walking. They were not harvesting the grain to take it home. Plucking grain in others' fields and eating it was not considered stealing. The question was whether it was lawful to do this on the Sabbath.

heads of grain

The "heads" are the topmost part of the wheat plant, which is a kind of tall grass. The heads hold the mature grain or seeds of the plant.

as they made their way

"as they walked along"

Mark 2:24

Connecting Statement:

The Pharisees ask a question about what the disciples were doing (verse 23).

doing something that is not lawful on the Sabbath day

Plucking grain in others' fields and eating it (verse 23) was not considered stealing. The question was whether it was lawful to do this on the Sabbath.

Look, why are they doing something that is not lawful on the Sabbath day?

The Pharisees ask Jesus a question to condemn him. This can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: "Look! They are breaking the Jewish law concerning the Sabbath."

Look

"Look at this" or "Listen." This is a word used to get the attention of someone to show them something. If there is a word in your language that is used to draw a person's attention to something, you could use that here.

Mark 2:25

Connecting Statement:

Jesus begins to scold the Pharisees by asking them a question.

He said to them

"Jesus said to the Pharisees"

Have you never read what David did

This question ends in 2:26. Jesus is reminding the scribes and Pharisees of something David did on the Sabbath. If this rhetorical question is translated as a statement or a command, then the question mark in 2:26 should become a period. Alternate translation: "You have read what David did" or "Remember what you read about what David did"

read what David did

Jesus refers to reading about David in the Old Testament. This can be translated showing the implicit information. Alternate translation: "read in the scriptures what David did"

Mark 2:26

Connecting Statement:

Jesus finishes asking the question he began in verse 25.

how he went into the house of God ... to those who were with him?

This question began in 2:25. If you translated the rhetorical question as a statement or command in verse 25, then the question mark here should become a period. Alternate translation: "how he went into the house of God ... to those who were with him."

how he went into the house of God ... to those who were with him

This can be expressed as a statement separate from verse 25. If so, verse 25 should end with a period instead of a dash. Alternate translation: "He went into the house of God ... to those who were with him"

how he went

The word "he" refers to David.

the bread of the presence

This refers to the twelve loaves of bread that were placed on a golden table in the tabernacle or temple building as a sacrifice to God.

Mark 2:27

The Sabbath was made for mankind

Jesus makes clear why God established the Sabbath. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "God made the Sabbath for mankind"

mankind

"man" or "people" or "the needs of people." This word refers to both men and women.

not mankind for the Sabbath

The words "was made" are understood from the previous phrase. They can be repeated here. Alternate translation: "mankind was not made for the Sabbath" or "God did not make mankind for the Sabbath"

Mark 2:28

General Information:

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ULB Translation Questions

Mark 2:4

What did the four men do who were carrying the paralyzed man?

The men removed the roof of the house and lowered the paralyzed man to Jesus.

Mark 2:5

What did Jesus say to the paralyzed man?

Jesus said, "Child, your sins are forgiven".

Mark 2:6

Why did some of the scribes object to what Jesus had said?

Some of the scribes reasoned that Jesus had blasphemed because only God can forgive sins.

Mark 2:7

Why did some of the scribes object to what Jesus had said?

Some of the scribes reasoned that Jesus had blasphemed because only God can forgive sins.

Mark 2:10

How did Jesus demonstrate that he had authority on earth to forgive sins?

Jesus told the paralyzed man to take up his bed and go to his house, and the man did.

Mark 2:11

How did Jesus demonstrate that he had authority on earth to forgive sins?

Jesus told the paralyzed man to take up his bed and go to his house, and the man did.

Mark 2:12

How did Jesus demonstrate that he had authority on earth to forgive sins?

Jesus told the paralyzed man to take up his bed and go to his house, and the man did.

Mark 2:13

What was Levi doing when Jesus told Levi to follow him?

Levi was sitting at the tax-collecting place when Jesus called him.

Mark 2:14

What was Levi doing when Jesus told Levi to follow him?

Levi was sitting at the tax-collecting place when Jesus called him.

Mark 2:15

At Levi's house, what was Jesus doing that offended the Pharisees?

Jesus was dining with the sinful people and tax collectors.

Mark 2:16

At Levi's house, what was Jesus doing that offended the Pharisees?

Jesus was dining with the sinful people and tax collectors.

Mark 2:17

Who did Jesus say he had come to call?

Jesus said he had come to call sinful people.

Mark 2:18

What question did some people ask Jesus about fasting?

They asked Jesus why his disciples did not fast when John's disciples and the Pharisees' disciples did fast.

Mark 2:19

How did Jesus explain why his disciples were not fasting?

Jesus said that while the bridegroom is still with the wedding attendants they cannot fast.

Mark 2:23

What did Jesus' disciples do in some fields on the Sabbath which offended the Pharisees?

Jesus' disciples picked heads of grain and ate them on the Sabbath.

Mark 2:24

What did Jesus' disciples do in some fields on the Sabbath which offended the Pharisees?

Jesus' disciples picked heads of grain and ate them on the Sabbath.

Mark 2:25

What example did Jesus give of someone who needed and ate bread normally forbidden for them?

Jesus gave the example of David who out of need ate the bread of the presence normally reserved for the priests.

Mark 2:26

What example did Jesus give of someone who needed and ate bread normally forbidden for them?

Jesus gave the example of David who out of need ate the bread of the presence normally reserved for the priests.

Mark 2:27

For whom did Jesus say the Sabbath was made?

Jesus said the Sabbath was made for people.

Mark 2:28

What authority did Jesus claim for himself?

Jesus said that he was Lord also of the Sabbath.

Chapter 3

Mark 3 General Notes

Special concepts in this chapter

Sabbath

It was against the law of Moses to do work on the Sabbath. The Pharisees believed healing a sick person on the Sabbath was "work," so they said that Jesus did wrong when he healed a person on the Sabbath. (See: law of Moses)

"Blasphemy against the Spirit"

No one knows for sure what actions people perform or what words they say when they commit this sin. However, they probably insult the Holy Spirit and his work. Part of the Holy Spirit's work is to make people understand that they are sinners and that they need to have God forgive them. Therefore, anyone who does not try to stop sinning is probably committing blasphemy against the Spirit. (See: blasphemy and Holy Spirit)

Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter

The twelve disciples

The following are the lists of the twelve disciples:

In Matthew:

Simon (Peter), Andrew, James son of Zebedee, John son of Zebedee, Philip, Bartholomew, Thomas, Matthew, James son of Alphaeus, Thaddaeus, Simon the Zealot and Judas Iscariot.

In Mark:

Simon (Peter), Andrew, James the son of Zebedee and John the son of Zebedee (to whom he gave the name Boanerges, that is, sons of thunder), Philip, Bartholomew, Matthew, Thomas, James the son of Alphaeus, Thaddaeus, Simon the Zealot, and Judas Iscariot.

In Luke:

Simon (Peter), Andrew, James, John, Philip, Bartholomew, Matthew, Thomas, James the son of Alphaeus, Simon (who was called the Zealot), Judas the son of James, and Judas Iscariot.

Thaddaeus is probably the same person as Jude, the son of James.

Mark 3:1

Connecting Statement:

Jesus heals a man on the Sabbath in the synagogue and shows how he feels about what the Pharisees had done with the Sabbath rules. The Pharisees and Herodians begin planning to put Jesus to death.

a man with a withered hand

"a man with a crippled hand"

Mark 3:2

Some people watched him closely to see if he would heal him

"Some people watched Jesus closely to see if he would heal the man with the withered hand"

Some people

"Some of the Pharisees." Later, in Mark 3:6, these people are identified as Pharisees.

so that they could accuse him

If Jesus were to heal the man that day, the Pharisees would accuse him of breaking the law by working on the Sabbath. Alternate translation: "so that they could accuse him of wrongdoing" or "so that they could accuse him of breaking the law"

Mark 3:3

in the middle of everyone

"in the middle of this crowd"

Mark 3:4

Is it lawful to do good on the Sabbath ... or to kill?

Jesus said this to challenge them. He wanted them to acknowledge that it is lawful to heal people on the Sabbath.

to do good on the Sabbath day or to do harm ... to save a life or to kill

These two phrases are similar in meaning, except that the second is more extreme.

to save a life or to kill

It may be helpful to repeat "is it lawful," as that is the question Jesus is asking again in another way. Alternate translation: "is it lawful to save a life or to kill"

to save a life

"to save someone's life" or "to save someone from dying"

But they were silent

"But they refused to answer him"

Mark 3:5

He looked around

"Jesus looked around"

was grieved

"was deeply saddened"

by their hardness of heart

This metaphor describes how the Pharisees were unwilling to have compassion on the man with the withered hand. Alternate translation: "because they were unwilling to have compassion on the man"

Stretch out your hand

"Reach out with your hand"

his hand was restored

This can be stated with an active form. Alternate translation: "Jesus restored his hand" or "Jesus made his hand the way it was before"

Mark 3:6

began to plot

"began to make a plan"

the Herodians

This is the name of an informal political party that supported Herod Antipas.

how they might put him to death

"how they might kill Jesus"

Mark 3:7

Connecting Statement:

A great crowd of people follows Jesus, and he heals many people.

the sea

This refers to the Sea of Galilee.

Mark 3:8

Idumea

This is the region, previously known as Edom, which covered the southern half of the province of Judea.

the things he was doing

This refers to the miracles Jesus was performing. Alternate translation: "the great miracles that Jesus was performing"

came to him

"came to where Jesus was"

Mark 3:9

General Information:

Verse 9 tells what Jesus asked his disciples to do because of the large crowd of people around him. Verse 10 tells why such a large crowd was around Jesus. The information in these verses can be reordered to present the events in the order they happened, as in the UDB.

He told his disciples to have a small boat ... not press against him

As the large crowd was pushing forward toward Jesus, he was in danger of being crushed by them. They would not crush him intentionally. It was just that there were so many people.

Mark 3:10

For he healed many, so that everyone ... to touch him

This tells why so many people were crowding around Jesus that he thought they might crush him. Alternate translation: "For, because Jesus had healed many people, everyone ... to touch him"

For he healed many

The word "many" refers to the large number of people Jesus had already healed. Alternate translation: "For he healed many people"

everyone who had afflictions eagerly approached him in order to touch him

They did this because they believed that touching Jesus would make them well. This can be expressed clearly. Alternate translation: "all the sick people pushed forward eagerly trying to touch him so that they might be healed"

Mark 3:11

saw him

"saw Jesus"

they fell down ... cried out, and they said

Here "they" refers to the unclean spirits. It is they who are causing the people they possess to do things. This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: "they caused the people they were possessing to fall down before him and to cry out to him"

they fell down before him

The unclean spirits did not fall down before Jesus because they loved him or wanted to worship him. They fell down before him because they were afraid of him.

You are the Son of God

Jesus has power over unclean spirits because he is the "Son of God."

Son of God

This is an important title for Jesus.

Mark 3:12

He strictly ordered them

"Jesus strictly ordered the unclean spirits"

not to make him known

"not to reveal who he was"

Mark 3:13

General Information:

Jesus chooses the men he wants to be his apostles.

Mark 3:14

so that they might be with him and he might send them to proclaim the message

"so that they would be with him and he could send them to proclaim the message"

Mark 3:15

General Information:

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Mark 3:16

Simon, to whom he gave the name Peter

The author begins to list the names of the twelve apostles. Simon is the first man listed.

Mark 3:17

to whom he gave

The phrase "to whom" refers to both James son of Zebedee and his brother John.

the name Boanerges, that is, sons of thunder

Jesus called them this because they were like thunder. Alternate translation: "the name Boanerges, which means men who are like thunder" or "the name Boanerges, which means thunder men"

Mark 3:18

Thaddaeus

This is the name of a man.

Mark 3:19

who would betray him

"who would betray Jesus" The word "who" refers to Judas Iscariot.

Mark 3:20

Then he went home

"Then Jesus went to the house where he was staying."

they could not even eat bread

The word "bread" represents food. Alternate translation: "Jesus and his disciples could not eat at all" or "they could not eat anything"

Mark 3:21

they went out to seize him

Members of his family went to the house so that they could take hold of him and force him to go home with them.

for they said

Possible meanings for the word "they" are 1) his relatives or 2) some people in the crowd.

out of his mind

This idiom describes how they thought he was acting. Alternate translation: "crazy" or "insane"

Mark 3:22

By the ruler of the demons he drives out demons

"By the power of Beelzebul, who is the ruler of the demons, Jesus drives out demons"

Mark 3:23

Connecting Statement:

Jesus explains with a parable why it is foolish for people to think that Jesus is controlled by Satan.

Jesus called them to himself

"Jesus called the people to come to him"

How can Satan cast out Satan?

Jesus asked this rhetorical question in response to the scribes saying that he cast out demons by Beelzebul. This question can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: "Satan cannot cast out himself!" or "Satan does not go against his own evil spirits!"

Mark 3:24

If a kingdom is divided against itself

The word "kingdom" is a metonym for the people who live in the kingdom. Alternate translation: "If the people who live in a kingdom are divided against each other"

cannot stand

Here "stand" is a metaphor that means endure, or continue to exist. Alternate translation: "cannot endure" or "will end"

Mark 3:25

house

This is a metonym for the people who live in a house. Alternate translation: "family" or "household"

Mark 3:26

If Satan has risen up against himself and is divided

The word "himself" is a reflexive pronoun that refers back to Satan, and it is also a metonym for his evil spirits. Alternate translation: "If Satan and his evil spirits were fighting one another" or "If Satan and his evil spirits have risen up against each other and are divided"

is not able to stand

Here "stand" is a metaphor that means endure, or stay strong. Alternate translation: "cannot endure" or "cannot stay strong"

Mark 3:27

plunder

to steal a person's valuables and possessions

Mark 3:28

Truly I say to you

This indicates that the statement that follows is especially true and important.

the sons of men

"those who have been born of man." This expression is used to emphasize peoples' humanity. Alternate translation: "people"

utter

speak

Mark 3:29

will never have forgiveness

The idea in the noun forgiveness can be expressed with a phrase. Alternate translation: "will never be forgiven"

is guilty of an eternal sin

"Eternal sin" is a metonym for "a sin that will be eternally punished." Alternate translation: "is guilty of a sin that will be punished eternally"

Mark 3:30

they were saying

"the people were saying"

has an unclean spirit

This is an idiom that means to be possessed by an unclean spirit. Alternate translation: "is possessed by an unclean spirit"

Mark 3:31

Then his mother and his brothers came

"Then Jesus's mother and brothers came"

They sent for him, summoning him

"They sent someone inside to tell him that they were outside and to have him come out to them"

Mark 3:32

are looking for you

"are asking for you"

Mark 3:33

Who are my mother and my brothers?

Jesus uses this question to teach the people. Alternate translation: "I will tell you who are really my mother and brothers."

Mark 3:34

here are my mother and my brothers

This is a metaphor that means Jesus's disciples belong to Jesus's spiritual family. This is more important than belonging to his physical family.

Mark 3:35

whoever does ... that person is

"those who do ... they are"

that person is my brother, and sister, and mother

This is a metaphor that means Jesus's disciples belong to Jesus's spiritual family. This is more important than belonging to his physical family. Alternate translation: "that person is like a brother, sister, or mother to me"

ULB Translation Questions

Mark 3:1

Why were they watching Jesus on the Sabbath in the synagogue?

They were watching Jesus to see if he would heal on the Sabbath, so they could accuse him.

Mark 3:2

Why were they watching Jesus on the Sabbath in the synagogue?

They were watching Jesus to see if he would heal on the Sabbath, so they could accuse him.

Mark 3:4

What question did Jesus ask the people about the Sabbath?

Jesus asked the people if it was lawful to do good or to do harm on the Sabbath.

How did the people respond to Jesus' question?

The people were silent.

Mark 3:5

What then was Jesus' attitude toward them?

Jesus became angry with them.

Mark 3:6

What did the Pharisees do when Jesus healed the man?

The Pharisees went out and plotted to put Jesus to death.

Mark 3:7

How many people followed Jesus as he went to the sea?

A great crowd followed Jesus.

Mark 3:8

How many people followed Jesus as he went to the sea?

A great crowd followed Jesus.

Mark 3:11

What did the demons cry out when they saw Jesus?

The demons cried out that Jesus was the Son of God.

Mark 3:14

How many men did Jesus appoint as apostles, and what were they to do?

Jesus appointed twelve apostles who were to be with him, preach, and have authority to cast out demons.

Mark 3:15

How many men did Jesus appoint as apostles, and what were they to do?

Jesus appointed twelve apostles who were to be with him, preach, and have authority to cast out demons.

Mark 3:19

Who was the apostle that would betray Jesus?

The apostle that would betray Jesus was Judas Iscariot.

Mark 3:21

What did Jesus' family think about the crowds and the events surrounding Jesus?

Jesus' family thought that he was out of his mind.

Mark 3:22

What accusation did the scribes make against Jesus?

The scribes accused Jesus of driving out demons by the ruler of demons.

Mark 3:23

What was Jesus' response to the scribes' accusation?

Jesus responded that no kingdom divided against itself can stand.

Mark 3:24

What was Jesus' response to the scribes' accusation?

Jesus responded that no kingdom divided against itself can stand.

Mark 3:25

What was Jesus' response to the scribes' accusation?

Jesus responded that no kingdom divided against itself can stand.

Mark 3:28

What sin did Jesus say cannot be forgiven?

Jesus said that blasphemy against the Holy Spirit cannot be forgiven.

Mark 3:29

What sin did Jesus say cannot be forgiven?

Jesus said that blasphemy against the Holy Spirit cannot be forgiven.

Mark 3:30

What sin did Jesus say cannot be forgiven?

Jesus said that blasphemy against the Holy Spirit cannot be forgiven.

Mark 3:33

Who did Jesus say were his mother and brothers?

Jesus said that his mother and brothers were those who do the will of God.

Mark 3:34

Who did Jesus say were his mother and brothers?

Jesus said that his mother and brothers were those who do the will of God.

Mark 3:35

Who did Jesus say were his mother and brothers?

Jesus said that his mother and brothers were those who do the will of God.

Chapter 4

Mark 4 General Notes

Structure and formatting

Mark 4:3-10 forms one parable. The parable is explained in 4:14-23.

Some translations set poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to show that it is poetry. The ULB does this with the poetry in 4:12, which is a quotation from the Old Testament.

Special concepts in this chapter

Parables

The parables were short stories that Jesus told so that people would easily understand the lesson he was trying to teach them. He also told the stories so that those who did not want to believe in him would not understand the truth.

Mark 4:1

Connecting Statement:

As Jesus teaches from a boat at the seaside, he tells them the parable of the soils.

the sea

This is the Sea of Galilee.

Mark 4:2

General Information:

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Mark 4:3

Listen!

"Pay attention!

A farmer went out to sow his seed

This means that he tossed seeds onto the ground so they could grow.

Mark 4:4

some seed ... devoured it

"some seeds ... devoured them"

Mark 4:5

Other seed ... it did not have ... it sprang ... it did not have

"Other seeds ... they did not have ... they sprang ... they did not have"

it sprang up

"the seed that landed on the rocky ground began to grow quickly"

soil

This refers to the loose dirt on the ground in which you can plant seeds.

Mark 4:6

the plants were scorched

This may be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "it scorched the young plants"

because they had no root, they dried up

"because the young plants had no roots, they dried up"

Mark 4:7

Other seed ... choked it ... it did not produce

"Other seeds ... choked them ... they did not produce"

Mark 4:8

yielding thirty, sixty, and even a hundred times

The amount of grain produced by each plant is being compared to the single seed from which it grew. Ellipsis is used here to shorten the phrases but they can be written out. Alternate translation: "Some plants bore thirty times as much as the seed that the man had planted, some produced sixty times as much grain, and some produced a hundred times as much grain"

thirty ... sixty ... a hundred

"30 ... 60 ... 100." These may be written as numerals.

Mark 4:9

Whoever has ears to hear, let him hear

Jesus is emphasizing that what he has just said is important and may take some effort to understand and put into practice. The phrase "has ears" is a metonym for being willing to understand and obey. Alternate translation: "Whoever is willing to listen, listen" or "Whoever is willing to understand, let him understand and obey"

Whoever has ... let him hear

Since Jesus wanted his audience to pay attention, this can also be expressed with the word "you." Alternate translation: "If you have ears to hear, then hear" or "If you are willing to understand, then understand and obey"

Mark 4:10

When Jesus was alone

This does not mean that Jesus was completely alone; rather, it means that the crowds were gone and Jesus was only with the twelve and some of his other close followers.

Mark 4:11

To you is given

This can be stated in active form. "God has given you" or "I have given you"

to those outside

"to those outside our group" or "to those who are not among us." This refers to all the other people who were not among the twelve or Jesus's other close followers.

everything is in parables

It can be stated that Jesus gives the parables to the people. Alternate translation: "I have spoken everything in parables"

Mark 4:12

when they look ... when they hear

It is assumed that Jesus is speaking about the people looking at what he shows them and hearing what he tells them. Alternate translation: "when they look at what I am doing ... when they hear what I am saying"

they look, but do not see

Possible meanings are 1) the word "look" here refers to making an effort to see and "see" refers to actually being able to see what they have looked for and is a metaphor for "understand." Alternate translation: "they look, but they do not understand" Or 2) here the word translated "look" refers to seeing what one is looking at and the word translated "see" refers to understanding what they are seeing.

they would turn

"they would turn to God." Here "turn" is a metaphor for "repent." Alternate translation: "they would repent"

Mark 4:13

He said to them

"Then Jesus said to his disciples"

Do you not understand this parable? How then will you understand all the parables?

Jesus used these questions to show how sad he was that his disciples could not understand his parable. Alternate translation: "If you cannot understand this parable, think about how hard it will be for you to understand all the other parables."

Mark 4:14

General Information:

Jesus begins to explain the parable he told in [Mark 4:3-8]

The sower

"The farmer who sows his seed"

sows the word

Sowing God's word represents teaching it. Alternate translation: "teaches people God's word" or "represents one who teaches God's word"

the word

The phrase "the word" represents God's message. Alternate translation: "God's message"

Mark 4:15

These are the ones beside the road

Here Jesus speaks about people. Alternate translation: "These people are the seeds that fall beside the road" or "These people are like seeds that fall beside a road"

When they hear

"When they hear the word"

Mark 4:16

these are the seed sown on the rocky ground

"These people are the seeds that fall on the rocky ground" or "These people are like seeds that fall on the rocky ground"

Mark 4:17

they do not have root in themselves

Having no root represents not fully understanding or believing God's word. Alternate translation: "they are like young plants that have no roots"

endure

In this parable, "endure" means "continue to believe." Alternate translation: "continue in their belief"

tribulation or persecution arises on account of the word

The phrase "on account of the word" means "because they believe God's message. Alternate translation: "tribulation or persecution comes because they believe God's message"

they immediately fall away

In this parable, "fall away" means "stop believing God's message"

Mark 4:18

Still others are the ones sown among the thorns

"Still other people are the seeds that fall among the thorns" or "And other people are like seeds that fall among the thorns"

Mark 4:19

the cares of the world and the deceitfulness of wealth and the desires for other things come in and choke the word

The words "cares," "deceitfulness," and "desires" are spoken of as if they were weeds that wrap around plants and keep them from growing. Alternate translation: "the cares of the world and the deceitfulness of wealth and the desires for other things come in and choke God's message in their lives like thorns that choke young plants"

the cares of the world

"the worries in this life" or "the concerns about this present life"

the deceitfulness of wealth

"the lie that wealth will make them happy" or "the lie that having many possessions will make them happy"

it is unproductive

"the word does not produce a crop in them." The word being unproductive means that it does not have an effect on the person's life.

Mark 4:20

Those that were sown on the good soil are the ones who hear the word, accept it and bear fruit

"The seeds that fall on the good soil represent people who hear the word, accept it and bear fruit"

and bear fruit, thirty, sixty, or even a hundred times as much

Fruit represents the results or effect of God's word in a person's life. The numbers tell how much fruit there might be, or how great the results might be. Alternate translation: "and produce good results, like plants that bear thirty, sixty, or even a hundred times as much fruit as what was sown"

Mark 4:21

Jesus said to them

"Jesus said to the crowd"

Do you bring a lamp inside the house to put it under a basket or under the bed?

This question may be written as a statement. Alternate translation: "You certainly do not bring a lamp inside the house to put it under a basket, or under a bed!"

Mark 4:22

For nothing is hidden that will not be known ... come out into the open

This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: "For everything that is hidden will be made known, and everything that is secret will come out into to open"

nothing is hidden ... nothing is secret

"there is nothing that is hidden ... there is nothing that is secret" Both of the phrases have the same meaning. Jesus is emphasizing that everything that is secret will be made known.

Mark 4:23

If anyone has ears to hear, let him hear

Jesus is emphasizing that what he has just said is important and may take some effort to understand and put into practice. The phrase "ears to hear" here is a metonym for the willingness to understand and obey. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Mark 4:9]

If anyone ... let him hear

Since Jesus wanted his audience to pay attention, this can also be expressed with the word "you." See how you translated a similar phrase in [Mark 4:9]

Mark 4:24

He said to them

"Jesus said to the crowd"

for the measure you use

Possible meanings are 1) Jesus is talking about a literal measure and giving generously to others or 2) this is a metaphor in which Jesus speaks of "understanding" as if it were "measuring."

will be measured to you, and more will be added to you.

This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "God will measure that amount for you, and he will add it to you"

Mark 4:25

to him will be given more ... even what he has will be taken

This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "to him God will give more ... from him God will take away" or "God will give more to him ... God will take away from him"

Mark 4:26

Connecting Statement:

Jesus tells the people parables to teach them about the kingdom of God. Later he explains the parables to his disciples.

like a man who sows his seed

When someone sows seed, he plants the seed by scattering it on the ground. Alternate translation: "like a farmer who plants his seed" or "like a farmer who scatters his seed"

Mark 4:27

He sleeps at night and gets up by day

This is something that the man habitually does. Alternate translation: "He sleeps each night and gets up each day" or "He sleeps each night and gets up the next day"

gets up by day

"is up during the day" or "is active during the day"

though he does not know how

"though the man does not know how the seed sprouts and grows"

Mark 4:28

the blade

the stalk or sprout

the ear

the head on the stalk or the part of the plant that holds the fruit

Mark 4:29

he immediately sends in the sickle

Here "the sickle" is a metonym that stands for the farmer or the people whom the farmer sends out to harvest the grain. Alternate translation: "he immediately goes into the field with a sickle to harvest the grain" or "he immediately sends people with sickles into the field to harvest the grain"

sickle

a curved blade or a sharp hook used to cut grain

because the harvest has come

Here the words "has come" are part of an idiom that means it is time for something. Alternative translation: "because it is time for harvesting the grain" or "because the grain is ready to be gathered"

Mark 4:30

To what can we compare the kingdom of God, or what parable can we use to explain it?

Jesus asked this question to cause his hearers to think about what the kingdom of God is like. Alternate translation: "With this parable I can explain what the kingdom of God is like."

Mark 4:31

when it is sown

This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "when someone sows it" or "when someone plants it"

Mark 4:32

it forms large branches

The mustard tree is described as causing its branches to grow large. Alternate translation: "it has large branches"

Mark 4:33

he spoke the word to them

"Word" here is a synecdoche for "the message of God." The word "them" refers to the crowds. Alternate translation: "he taught them the message of God"

as much as they were able to understand

"and if they were able to understand some, he kept telling them more"

Mark 4:34

when he was alone

This means that he was away from the crowds, but his disciples were still with him.

he explained everything

Here "everything" refers to all his parables. Alternate translation: "he explained all his parables"

Mark 4:35

Connecting Statement:

As Jesus and his disciples take a boat to escape the crowds of people, a great storm arises. His disciples are afraid when they see that even the wind and the sea obey Jesus.

he said to them

"Jesus said to his disciples"

the other side

"the other side of the Sea of Galilee" or "the other side of the sea"

Mark 4:36

General Information:

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Mark 4:37

a violent windstorm arose

Here "arose" is an idiom for "began." Alternate translation: "a violent windstorm began"

the boat was almost full of water

It may be helpful to state that the boat was filling up with water. Alternate translation: "the boat was in danger of being filled with water"

Mark 4:38

the stern

The stern is the back part of the boat.

They woke him up

The word "they" refers to the disciples.

do you not care that we are about to die?

The disciples asked this question to show that they were in great danger and that they were upset that Jesus was not helping them. This question can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: "you need to pay attention to what is happening; we are all about to die!"

we are about to die

The word "we" includes the disciples and Jesus.

Mark 4:39

Peace! Be still!

These two phrases are similar and used to emphasize what Jesus wanted the wind and the sea to do.

a great calm

"a great stillness over the sea" or "a great calm over the sea"

Mark 4:40

Then he said to them

"And Jesus said to his disciples"

Why are you afraid? Do you still not have faith?

Jesus asks these questions to make his disciples consider why they are afraid when he is with them. These questions can be written as statements. Alternate translation: "You should not be afraid. You need to have more faith."

Mark 4:41

Who then is this, because even the wind and the sea obey him?

The disciples ask this question in amazement at what Jesus did. This question can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: "This man is not like ordinary men; even the wind and the sea obey him!"

ULB Translation Questions

Mark 4:1

Why did Jesus get into a boat to teach?

Jesus got into a boat to teach because a very large crowd had gathered around him.

Mark 4:4

What happened to the seeds sown on the road?

The birds came and devoured them.

Mark 4:6

What happened to the seeds sown on the rocky ground when the sun rose?

They withered away because they had no root.

Mark 4:7

What happened to the seeds sown among thorn plants?

The thorn plants choked them.

Mark 4:8

What happened to the seeds sown in the good soil?

The seeds produced grain, yielding thirty, sixty, and some a hundred times what was planted.

Mark 4:11

What did Jesus say was given to the Twelve, but not to those outside?

Jesus said the mystery of the kingdom of God was given to the Twelve, but not to those outside.

Mark 4:14

In Jesus' parable, what is the seed?

The seed is the word of God.

Mark 4:15

What does the seed sown on the road represent?

It represents those who hear the word, but immediately Satan takes it away.

Mark 4:16

What does the seed sown on the rocky ground represent?

It represents those who hear the word with joy, but when persecution comes they stumble.

Mark 4:17

What does the seed sown on the rocky ground represent?

It represents those who hear the word with joy, but when persecution comes they stumble.

Mark 4:18

What does the seed sown among thorn plants represent?

It represents those who hear the word, but the cares of the world choke the word.

Mark 4:19

What does the seed sown among thorn plants represent?

It represents those who hear the word, but the cares of the world choke the word.

Mark 4:20

What does the seed sown in the good soil represent?

It represents those who hear the word, receive it, and produce fruit.

Mark 4:22

What did Jesus say would happen to the hidden and secret things?

Jesus said that the hidden and secret things would be brought into the light.

Mark 4:26

In what way is the kingdom of God like a man who casts his seed upon the ground?

The man casts the seed, and it grows, but he does not know how, then when the harvest is ripe he gathers it.

Mark 4:27

In what way is the kingdom of God like a man who casts his seed upon the ground?

The man casts the seed, and it grows, but he does not know how, then when the harvest is ripe he gathers it.

Mark 4:28

In what way is the kingdom of God like a man who casts his seed upon the ground?

The man casts the seed, and it grows, but he does not know how, then when the harvest is ripe he gathers it.

Mark 4:29

In what way is the kingdom of God like a man who casts his seed upon the ground?

The man casts the seed, and it grows, but he does not know how, then when the harvest is ripe he gathers it.

Mark 4:30

In what way is the kingdom of God like a mustard seed?

The mustard seed begins as the smallest of seeds, yet grows into a great plant where many can make their nests.

Mark 4:31

In what way is the kingdom of God like a mustard seed?

The mustard seed begins as the smallest of seeds, yet grows into a great plant where many can make their nests.

Mark 4:32

In what way is the kingdom of God like a mustard seed?

The mustard seed begins as the smallest of seeds, yet grows into a great plant where many can make their nests.

Mark 4:35

What happened as the disciples and Jesus crossed the lake?

A great storm began, threatening to fill the boat with water.

Mark 4:36

What happened as the disciples and Jesus crossed the lake?

A great storm began, threatening to fill the boat with water.

Mark 4:37

What happened as the disciples and Jesus crossed the lake?

A great storm began, threatening to fill the boat with water.

Mark 4:38

What was Jesus doing at this time in the boat?

Jesus was sleeping.

What question did the disciples ask Jesus?

The disciples asked Jesus if he cared that they were about to die.

Mark 4:39

What did Jesus then do?

Jesus rebuked the wind and calmed the sea.

Mark 4:41

After Jesus did this, what was the response of the disciples?

The disciples were filled with great fear and wondered who Jesus was that the wind and sea obeyed him.

Chapter 5

Mark 5 General Notes

Possible translation difficulties in this chapter

"Talitha, koum"

The words "Talitha, koum"

Mark 5:1

Connecting Statement:

After Jesus calms the great storm, he heals a man who has many demons, but the local people in Gerasa are not glad about his healing, and they beg Jesus to leave.

They came

The word "They" refers to Jesus and his disciples.

the sea

This refers to the Sea of Galilee.

Gerasenes

This name refers to the people who live in Gerasa.

Mark 5:2

with an unclean spirit

This is an idiom meaning that the man is "controlled" or "possessed" by the unclean spirit. Alternate translation: "controlled by an unclean spirit" or "that an unclean spirit possessed"

Mark 5:3

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Mark 5:4

He had been bound many times

This can be written in active form. Alternate translation: "People had bound him many times"

his shackles were shattered

This can be written in active form. Alternate translation: "he shattered his shackles"

shackles

pieces of metal that people wrap around the arms and legs of prisoners and attach with chains to objects that do not move so the prisoners cannot move

No one had the strength to subdue him

The man was so strong that no one could subdue him. Alternate translation: "He was so strong that no one was strong enough to subdue him"

subdue him

"control him"

Mark 5:5

cut himself with sharp stones

Often when a person is possessed by a demon, the demon will cause the person to do self-destructive things, such as cutting himself.

Mark 5:6

When he saw Jesus from a distance

When the man first saw Jesus, Jesus would have been getting out of the boat.

bowed down

This means that he knelt down before Jesus out of reverence and respect, not out of worship.

Mark 5:7

General Information:

The information in verses 7 and 8 may be reordered to present the events in the order that they happened, as in the UDB.

He cried out

"The unclean spirit cried out"

What do I have to do with you, Jesus, Son of the Most High God?

The unclean spirit asks this question out of fear. This can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: "Leave me alone, Jesus, Son of the Most High God! There is no reason for you to interfere with me."

Jesus ... do not torment me

Jesus has the power to torment unclean spirits.

Son of the Most High God

This is an important title for Jesus.

I beg you by God himself

Here the unclean spirit is swearing by God as he makes a request of Jesus. Consider how this type of request is made in your language. Alternate translation: "I beg you before God" or "I swear by God himself and beg you"

Mark 5:8

General Information:

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Mark 5:9

He asked him

"And Jesus asked the unclean spirit"

He answered him, "My name is Legion, for we are many."

One spirit was speaking for many here. He spoke of them as if they were a legion, a Roman army unit of about 6,000 soldiers. Alternate translation: "And the spirit said to him, 'Call us an army, for many of us are inside the man.'"

Mark 5:10

He begged him

"The unclean spirit begged Jesus"

not to send them

"not to send him and the other unclean spirits"

Mark 5:11

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Mark 5:12

they begged him

"the unclean spirits begged Jesus"

Mark 5:13

he allowed them

It may be helpful to state clearly what Jesus allowed them to do. Alternate translation: "Jesus allowed the unclean spirits to do what they asked permission to do"

into the sea, and about two thousand pigs drowned in the sea

You can make the words after the comma a separate sentence: "into the sea. There were about two thousand pigs, and they drowned in the sea"

about two thousand pigs

"about 2,000 pigs"

Mark 5:14

reported what had happened in the city and in the countryside

"told people in the city and in the countryside what had happened"

Mark 5:15

Legion

This was the name of the many demons that had been in the man. See how you translated this in Mark 5:9.

in his right mind

This is an idiom meaning that he is thinking clearly. Alternate translation: "of a normal mind" or "thinking clearly"

they were afraid

The word "they" refers to the group of people who went out to see what had happened.

Mark 5:16

Those who had seen what happened

"The people who had witnessed what had happened"

Mark 5:17

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Mark 5:18

the demon-possessed man

Though the man is no longer demon-possessed, he is still described in this way. Alternate translation: "the man who had been demon-possessed"

Mark 5:19

But Jesus did not permit him

What Jesus did not allow the man to do can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: "But he did not allow the man to come with them"

Mark 5:20

Decapolis

This is the name of a region that means Ten Cities. It is located to the southeast of the Sea of Galilee.

everyone was amazed

It may be helpful to state why the people were amazed. Alternate translation: "all the people who heard what the man said were amazed"

Mark 5:21

Connecting Statement:

After healing the demon-possessed man in region of the Gerasenes, Jesus and his disciples return across the lake to Capernaum where one of the leaders of the synagogue asks Jesus to heal his daughter.

the other side

This refers to the other side of the sea

beside the sea

"on the seashore" or "on the shore"

the sea

This is the Sea of Galilee.

Mark 5:22

Jairus

This is the name of a man.

Mark 5:23

lay your hands

"Laying on hands" refers to a prophet or teacher placing his hand on someone and imparting either healing or a blessing. In this case, Jarius is asking Jesus to heal his daughter.

that she may be made well and live

This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "and heal her and make her live"

Mark 5:24

So he went with him

"So Jesus went with Jairus." Jesus's disciples also went with him. Alternate translation: "So Jesus and the disciples went with Jairus"

pressed close around him

This means they crowded around Jesus and pressed themselves together to be closer to Jesus.

Mark 5:25

Connecting Statement:

While Jesus is on his way to heal the man's little 12-year-old girl, a woman who has been sick for 12 years interrupts by touching Jesus for her healing.

Now a woman was there

The word "Now" is used here to mark a pause in the story. Here the author starts to tell a new part of the story with a new person. Consider how new people are introduced into a story in your language.

who had a flow of blood for twelve years

The woman did not have an open wound; rather, her monthly flow of blood would not stop. Your language may have a polite way to refer to this condition.

for twelve years

"for 12 years"

Mark 5:26

she grew worse

"her sickness got worse" or "her bleeding increased"

Mark 5:27

the reports about Jesus

She had heard reports about Jesus of how he healed people. Alternate translation: "that Jesus healed people"

cloak

outer garment or coat

Mark 5:28

I will be healed

This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "it will heal me" or "his power will heal me"

Mark 5:29

she was healed from her affliction

This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "the sickness left her" or "she was no longer sick"

Mark 5:30

that power had gone out from him

When the woman touched Jesus, Jesus felt his power healing her. Jesus himself did not lose any of his power to heal people when he healed her. Alternate translation: "that his healing power had healed someone"

Mark 5:31

this crowd pressed around you

This means they crowded around Jesus and pressed themselves together to be closer to Jesus. See how you translated this in Mark 5:24.

Mark 5:32

General Information:

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Mark 5:33

fell down before him

"knelt down before him." She knelt down before Jesus as an act of honor and submission.

told him the whole truth

The phrase "the whole truth" refers to how she had touched him and had became well. Alternate translation: "told him the whole truth about how she had touched him"

Mark 5:34

Daughter

Jesus called the woman "Daughter." This was a kind way for a teacher to speak to a woman. Jesus showed that he cared about her.

your faith

"your faith in me"

Mark 5:35

While he was speaking

"While Jesus was speaking"

some people came from the leader of the synagogue

"The leader of the synagogue" is a metonym for the synagogue leader's house or household. It is most likely that these were family members or servants and not some other people who happened to be in the house. Alternate translation: "some people came from the house of the leader of the synagogue" or "some people from the synagogue leader's household came"

the leader of the synagogue

This refers to Jairus (Mark 5:22).

synagogue, saying

"synagogue, saying to Jairus"

Why trouble the teacher any longer?

This question can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: "It is useless to bother the teacher any longer" or "There is no need to bother the teacher any longer."

the teacher

This refers to Jesus.

Mark 5:36

the message that was spoken

This can be stated as in active form. Alternate translation: "the message that they told Jairus"

Just believe

If necessary, you can state what Jesus is commanding Jairus to believe. Alternate translation: "Just believe I can make you daughter live"

Mark 5:37

General Information:

In verses 37 and 38, the author gives background information about the Pharisees' washing traditions in order to show why the Pharisees were bothered that Jesus's disciples did not wash their hands before eating. If you need to reorder the events in these verses, it may be helpful to use a verse bridge, as in the UDB.

He did not permit anyone to accompany him except Peter ... James

This double negative emphasizes that Peter and the others were the only ones whom he permitted to accompany him. Alternate translation: "He only permitted Peter ... James to accompany him"

He did not permit

Jesus did not permit

to accompany him

"to come with him." It may be helpful to state where they were going. Alternate translation: "to accompany him to Jairus' house"

Mark 5:38

General Information:

In verses 37 and 38, the author gives background information about the Pharisees' washing traditions in order to show why the Pharisees were bothered that Jesus's disciples did not wash their hands before eating. If you need to reorder the events in these verses, it may be helpful to use a verse bridge, as in the UDB.

he saw

Jesus saw

Mark 5:39

he said to them

"Jesus said to the people who were weeping"

Why are you upset and why do you weep?

Jesus asked this question to help them see their lack of faith. This may be written as a statement. Alternate translation: "This is not a time to be upset and crying."

The child is not dead but sleeps

Jesus uses the common word for sleep, and so should the translation.

Mark 5:40

They began to mock him

Jesus used the common word for sleep (verse 39). The reader should understand that the people who hear Jesus speak are laughing at him because they truly do know the difference between a dead person and a sleeping person and they think he does not.

put them all outside

"sent all the other people outside the house"

those who were with him

This refers to Peter, James, and John.

went in where the child was

It may be helpful to state where the child is. Alternate translation: "went into the room where the child was lying"

Mark 5:41

Talitha, koum

This is an Aramaic sentence that Jesus spoke to the little girl in her language. Write these words as they sound, using your alphabet.

Mark 5:42

she was twelve years of age

"she was 12 years old"

Mark 5:43

He strictly ordered them that no one should know about this. Then

This can be stated as a direct quote. Alternate translation: "He ordered them strictly, 'No one should know about this!' Then" or "He ordered them strictly, 'Do not tell anyone about what I have done!' Then"

He strictly ordered them

"He strongly commanded them"

Then he told them to give her something to eat.

This can be stated as a direct quote. Alternate translation: "And he told them, 'Give her something to eat.'"

ULB Translation Questions

Mark 5:1

Who met Jesus when they came to the region of the Gerasenes?

A man with an unclean spirit met Jesus.

Mark 5:2

Who met Jesus when they came to the region of the Gerasenes?

A man with an unclean spirit met Jesus.

Mark 5:4

What had happened when people tried to restrain this man with chains?

When people tried to restrain this man with chains, he tore the chains apart.

Mark 5:7

What title did the unclean spirit give Jesus?

The unclean spirit called Jesus the Son of the Most High God.

Mark 5:8

What did Jesus say to the man?

Jesus said to the man, "Come out of the man, you unclean spirit".

Mark 5:9

What was the name of the unclean spirit?

The unclean spirit's name was Army, because there were many.

Mark 5:13

What happened when Jesus cast out the unclean spirit from the man?

The spirits came out and entered a herd of pigs, who ran down a steep hill and drowned in the lake.

Mark 5:15

After the unclean spirit was cast out, what was the condition of the man?

The man was sitting with Jesus, clothed and in his right mind.

Mark 5:17

What did the people of the region ask Jesus to do?

The people asked Jesus to leave their region.

Mark 5:19

What did Jesus tell the man who had lived in the tombs to now do?

Jesus told the man to tell his people what the Lord had done for him.

Mark 5:22

What request did Jairus, the synagogue leader, make of Jesus?

Jairus asked Jesus to come with him to lay hands on his daughter who was near death.

Mark 5:23

What request did Jairus, the synagogue leader, make of Jesus?

Jairus asked Jesus to come with him to lay hands on his daughter who was near death.

Mark 5:25

What was the problem with the woman who touched Jesus' cloak?

The woman had suffered with a discharge of blood for twelve years.

Mark 5:28

Why did the woman touch Jesus' cloak?

The woman thought that if she just touched Jesus' clothes, she would be healed.

Mark 5:30

What did Jesus do when the woman touched his cloak?

Jesus knew that power had gone out from him and looked around to see who had touched him.

Mark 5:32

What did Jesus do when the woman touched his cloak?

Jesus knew that power had gone out from him and looked around to see who had touched him.

Mark 5:34

When the woman told Jesus all the truth, what did Jesus say to her?

Jesus told her that her faith had made her well, and to go in peace.

Mark 5:35

What was the condition of Jairus' daughter when Jesus arrived at the house?

Jairus' daughter was dead.

Mark 5:36

What did Jesus tell Jairus at this time?

Jesus told Jairus to not be afraid, but to just believe.

Mark 5:37

Which disciples went with Jesus into the room where the child was?

Peter, James, and John went with Jesus into the room.

Mark 5:40

What did the people in the house do when Jesus said Jairus' daughter was only sleeping?

The people laughed at Jesus when he said that Jairus' daughter was only sleeping.

Mark 5:42

When the child got up and walked, how did the people react?

The people were greatly overcome and astonished.

Chapter 6

Mark 6 General Notes

Special concepts in this chapter

"Anointed with oil"

In the ancient Near East, people would try to heal sick people by putting olive oil on them.

Mark 6:1

Connecting Statement:

Jesus returns to his hometown, where he is not accepted.

his hometown

This refers to the town of Nazareth, where Jesus grew up and where his family lived. This does not mean that he owned land there.

Mark 6:2

What is this wisdom that has been given to him?

This question can be asked in active form. Alternate translation: "What is this wisdom that he has gained?"

that he does with his hands

This phrase emphasizes that Jesus himself does the miracles. Alternate translation: "that he himself works"

Mark 6:3

Is this not the carpenter, the son of Mary and the brother of James and Joses and Judas and Simon? Are his sisters not here with us?

These questions can be written as statements. Alternate translation: "He is just an ordinary carpenter! We know him and his family. We know Mary his mother. We know his younger brothers James, Joses, Judas and Simon. And his younger sisters also live here with us."

Mark 6:4

to them

"to the crowd"

A prophet is not without honor, except

This sentence uses a double negative to emphasize the positive. Alternate translation: "A prophet is always honored, except" or "People always honor prophets, except those"

Mark 6:5

to lay his hands on a few sick people

Prophets and teachers would put their hands on people in order to heal them or bless them. In this case, Jesus was healing people.

Mark 6:6

General Information:

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Mark 6:7

Connecting Statement:

Jesus sends his disciples out in sets of two to preach and to heal.

he called the twelve

Here the word "called" means that he summoned the twelve to come to him.

two by two

"2 by 2" or "in pairs"

Mark 6:8

General Information:

Jesus's instructions in verses 8 and 9 can be reordered to separate what he told the disciples to do from what he told them not to do, as in the UDB.

to take nothing for their journey, except a staff

This double negative emphasizes that a staff is the only thing that they were to take. Alternate translation: "to take only a staff for their journey"

no bread

Here "bread" is a synecdoche for food in general. Alternate translation: "no food"

Mark 6:9

General Information:

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Mark 6:10

He said to them

"Jesus said to the twelve"

remain until you go away from there

Here "remain" represents daily going back to that house to eat and sleep there. Alternate translation: "eat and sleep in that house until you leave that area"

Mark 6:11

as a testimony to them

"as a testimony against them." The testimony can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: "as a testimony that they did not welcome you" or "to show them that they did wrong when they did not welcome you"

Mark 6:12

They went out

The word "They" refers to the twelve and does not include Jesus. Also, it may be helpful to state that they went out to various towns. Alternate translation: "They went out to various towns"

repent

"stop sinning"

Mark 6:13

They cast out many demons

It may be helpful to state that they cast the demons out of people. Alternate translation: "They cast many demons out of people"

Mark 6:14

Connecting Statement:

Before this time, Herod commanded that John the Baptist be killed. When Herod hears about Jesus's miracles, he worries, thinking that someone has raised John the Baptist from the dead.

King Herod heard this

The word "this" refers to everything that Jesus and his disciples had been doing in various towns, including casting out demons and healing people.

Some were saying, "John the Baptist has been raised

Some people thought that Jesus was John the Baptist. This can be stated more clearly. Alternate translation: "Some people were saying, 'He is John the Baptist, who has been raised"

John the Baptist has been raised from the dead

"Raised from the dead" is an idiom that means "caused to live again." This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "God has raised John the Baptist from the dead" or "John the Baptist has become alive again"

Mark 6:15

Some others said, "He is Elijah."

It may be helpful to state why some people thought he was Elijah. Alternate translation: "Some others said, 'He is Elijah, whom God promised to send back again.'"

Mark 6:16

whom I beheaded

Herod said "I beheaded" because he had commanded his soldier to behead John. Alternate translation: "whom I commanded my soldier to behead"

has been raised

This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "has risen" or "has become alive again"

Mark 6:17

General Information:

Here the author begins to give background information about Herod and why he beheaded John the Baptist.

Herod sent to have John arrested and he had him bound in prison

This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "Herod sent his soldiers to arrest John and to bind him in prison"

on account of Herodias

"because of Herodias"

his brother Philip's wife

"the wife of his brother Philip." Herod's brother Philip is not the same Philip who was an evangelist in the book of Acts or the Philip who was one of Jesus's twelve disciples.

because he had married her

"because Herod had married her"

Mark 6:18

General Information:

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Mark 6:19

Herodias held on to anger against him

"Herodias continued to be angry at John"

and wanted to kill him

Herodias wanted someone to kill John. Alternate translation: "and she wanted someone to kill him"

but she could not

What she could not do can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: "but she could not kill him" or "but she could not have him killed"

Mark 6:20

for Herod feared John; he knew

These two clauses can be linked differently to show more clearly why Herod feared John. Alternate translation: "for Herod feared John because he knew"

he knew that he was a righteous

"Herod knew that John was a righteous"

Listening to him

"Listening to John"

Mark 6:21

Connecting Statement:

The author continues to give background information about Herod and the beheading of John the Baptist.

an opportunity came

"a convenient day" or "there was an opportune time." This was a time when Herodias could finally do something so that John the Baptist would be killed.

he made a dinner for his officials ... of Galilee

This means that he invited those people to a special dinner to celebrate his birthday with him. Alternate translation: "he had a banquet for his officials ... of Galilee" or "he invited his officials ... of Galilee to eat and celebrate with him"

a dinner

a formal meal or banquet

Mark 6:22

Herodias herself

The word "herself" is a reflexive pronoun used to emphasize that it was significant that it was Herodias's own daughter who danced at the dinner.

came in

"came into the room"

Mark 6:23

Whatever you ask ... my kingdom

"I will give you whatever you ask me to give to you, even half of what I own and rule, if you ask for that"

Mark 6:24

went out

"went out of the room"

Mark 6:25

on a wooden platter

"on a board" or "on a large wooden dish"

Mark 6:26

because of the oath he had made

The oath was what Herod swore to the girl in verse 23. Alternate translation: "because of what he had sworn to the girl" or "because he had sworn to give the girl whatever she asked for"

and because of his dinner guests

This can be stated more clearly. Alternate translation: "and because his dinner guests had heard his oath"

Mark 6:27

General Information:

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Mark 6:28

on a platter

"on a tray"

Mark 6:29

When his disciples

"When John's disciples"

Mark 6:30

Connecting Statement:

After the disciples return from preaching and healing, they go somewhere to be alone, but there are many people who come to hear Jesus teach. When it becomes late, he feeds the people and then sends everyone away while he prays alone.

Mark 6:31

a deserted place

a place where there are no people

many were coming and going

This means that people were continually coming to the apostles and then going away from them.

they did not even

The word "they" refers to the apostles.

Mark 6:32

So they went away

Here the word "they" includes both the apostles and Jesus.

Mark 6:33

they saw them leaving and many recognized them, and they ran there together on foot from all the towns, and they arrived there before them

The people saw Jesus and the apostles leaving, and many of the people recognized Jesus and the apostles, and the people ran there together on foot from all the towns, and the people arrived there before Jesus and the apostles did.

on foot

The people are going on foot by land, which contrasts with how the disciples went by boat.

Mark 6:34

When they came ... on them because they were like ... to teach them

When Jesus and the disciples came ... on the people in the crowd because the people in the crowd were like ... to teach the people in the crowd

they were like sheep without a shepherd

Jesus compares the people to sheep who are confused when they do not have their shepherd to lead them.

Mark 6:35

When the hour was late

This means it was late in the day. Alternate translation: "When it was getting late" or "Late in the afternoon"

a deserted place

This refers to a place where there are no people. See how you translated this in Mark 6:31.

Mark 6:36

General Information:

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Mark 6:37

But he answered and said to them

"But Jesus answered and said to his disciples"

Can we go and buy two hundred denarii worth of bread and give it to them to eat?

The disciples ask this question to say that there is no way they could afford to buy enough food for this crowd. Alternate translation: "We could not buy enough bread to feed this crowd, even if we had two hundred denarii!"

two hundred denarii

"200 denarii." The singular form of the word "denarii" is "denarius." A denarius was a Roman silver coin worth one day's wages.

Mark 6:38

loaves

lumps of bread dough that have been shaped and baked

Mark 6:39

green grass

Describe the grass with the color word used in your language for healthy grass, which may or may not be the color green.

Mark 6:40

in groups of hundreds and fifties

This refers to the number of people in each of the groups. Alternate translation: "with about fifty people in some groups and about a hundred people in other groups"

Mark 6:41

looking up to heaven

This means that he looked up toward the sky, which is associated with the place where God lives.

he blessed

"he spoke a blessing" or "he gave thanks"

He also divided the two fish among them all

"he divided the two fish so that everyone could have some"

Mark 6:42

General Information:

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Mark 6:43

They took up

Possible meaning are 1) "The disciples took up" or 2) "The people took up."

broken pieces of bread, twelve baskets full

"twelve baskets full of broken pieces of bread"

twelve baskets

"12 baskets"

Mark 6:44

There were five thousand men who ate the loaves

Telling the number of men in the crowd hints at how large the crowd was. The women and children also ate. Alternate translation: "So many people ate the loaves of bread; the number of just the men was five thousand"

five thousand men

"5,000 men"

Mark 6:45

to the other side

This refers to the Sea of Galilee. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: "to the other side of the Sea of Galilee"

Bethsaida

This is a town on the northern shore of the Sea of Galilee.

Mark 6:46

After taking leave of them

"After saying goodbye to them" or "After they had left." Use the common words your language uses for a time when friends leave each other and expect to see each other after a few hours or days.

Mark 6:47

General Information:

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Mark 6:48

Connecting Statement:

A storm arises while the disciples are trying to cross the lake. Seeing Jesus walking on the water terrifies them. They do not understand how Jesus can calm the storm.

fourth watch

This is the time between 3 a.m. and sunrise.

Mark 6:49

a ghost

the spirit of a dead person or some other kind of spirit

Mark 6:50

General Information:

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Mark 6:51

They were completely amazed

If you need to be more specific, it can stated what they were amazed by. Alternate translation: "They were completely amazed at what he had done"

Mark 6:52

what the loaves meant

Here the phrase "the loaves" refers to when Jesus multiplied the loaves of bread. Alternate translation: "what it meant when Jesus multiplied the loaves of bread" or "what it meant when Jesus caused the few loaves to become many"

their hearts were hardened

Having a hard heart represents being too stubborn to understand. Alternate translation: "they were too stubborn to understand"

Mark 6:53

Connecting Statement:

When Jesus and his disciples arrive at Gennesaret in their boat, people see him and bring people for him to heal. This happens wherever they go.

Gennesaret

This is the name of the region to the northwest of the Sea of Galilee.

Mark 6:54

General Information:

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Mark 6:55

they ran throughout the whole region

It may be helpful to state why they ran through the region. Alternate translation: "they ran throughout the whole district in order to tell others that Jesus was there"

they ran ... they heard

The word "they" refers to the people who recognized Jesus, not to the disciples.

the sick

This phrase refers to people. Alternate translation: "the sick people"

Mark 6:56

Wherever he entered

"Wherever Jesus entered"

they would put

Here "they" refers to the people. It does not refer to Jesus's disciples.

the sick

This phrase refers to people. Alternate translation: "the sick people"

They begged him

Possible meanings are 1) "The sick begged him" or 2) "The people begged him."

let them touch

The word "them" refers to the sick.

the edge of his garment

"the hem of his robe" or "the edge of his clothes"

as many as

"all those who"

ULB Translation Questions

Mark 6:2

Why were the people of Jesus' home town shocked about him?

The people did not know from where he got his teachings, his wisdom, and his miracles.

Mark 6:4

Where did Jesus say a prophet is without honor?

Jesus said a prophet is without honor in his home town, among his relatives, and in his own household.

Mark 6:6

What amazed Jesus about the people in his home town?

Jesus was amazed by the unbelief of the people in his home town.

Mark 6:7

What authority did Jesus give the Twelve as he sent them out?

Jesus gave the Twelve authority over unclean spirits.

Mark 6:8

What did the Twelve take with them on their journey?

The Twelve took a staff, sandals, and one tunic.

Mark 6:9

What did the Twelve take with them on their journey?

The Twelve took a staff, sandals, and one tunic.

Mark 6:11

What did Jesus tell the Twelve to do if a place did not receive them?

Jesus told the Twelve to shake off the dust under their feet as a testimony against them.

Mark 6:14

Who did the people suppose Jesus was?

The people supposed that Jesus was John the Baptizer, or Elijah, or a prophet.

Mark 6:15

Who did the people suppose Jesus was?

The people supposed that Jesus was John the Baptizer, or Elijah, or a prophet.

Mark 6:18

What had John the Baptizer told Herod he was doing unlawfully?

John had told Herod it was unlawful for Herod to marry his brother's wife.

Mark 6:20

How did Herod react when he heard John preach?

Herod became upset when he heard John preach, but he was still glad to hear him.

Mark 6:23

What oath did Herod swear to Herodias?

Herod swore that she could have whatever she asked of him, up to half of his kingdom.

Mark 6:25

For what did Herodias ask?

Herodias asked for the head of John the Baptizer on a platter.

Mark 6:26

How did Herod react to Herodias' request?

Herod became very sorry, but did not refuse her request because of the oaths he had made in front of his guests.

Mark 6:33

What happened when Jesus and the apostles tried to go away by themselves to rest?

Many people recognized them and ran to arrive there before Jesus and the apostles.

Mark 6:34

What was Jesus' attitude toward the crowd that was waiting for them?

Jesus had compassion on them because they were like sheep without a shepherd.

Mark 6:37

When asked by Jesus, what did the disciples think they would have to do to feed the people?

The disciples thought they would have to go and buy two hundred denarii worth of bread.

Mark 6:38

What food did the disciples already have with them?

The disciples already had five loaves and two fish with them.

Mark 6:41

What did Jesus do as he took the loaves and fish?

As he took the loaves and fish, Jesus looked up to heaven, blessed and broke the loaves, and gave them to his disciples.

Mark 6:43

How much food was left after everyone ate?

There were twelve baskets of bread, and pieces of fish left after everyone ate.

Mark 6:44

How many men had been fed?

There were five thousand men that had been fed.

Mark 6:48

How did Jesus come to the disciples on the lake?

Jesus came to the disciples walking on the lake.

Mark 6:50

What did Jesus tell the disciples when they saw him?

Jesus told the disciples to be brave and to not be afraid.

Mark 6:52

Why did the disciples not understand about the miracle of the loaves?

The disciples did not understand about the miracle of the loaves because their minds were slow to understand.

Mark 6:55

What did the people of the region do when they recognized Jesus?

The people brought the sick on stretchers to Jesus wherever they heard he was coming.

Mark 6:56

What happened to those who just touched the fringe of Jesus' garment?

Those who just touched the fringe of Jesus' garment were healed.

Chapter 7

Mark 7 General Notes

Structure and formatting

Some translations set poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to show that it is poetry. The ULB does this with the poetry in 7:6-7, which is from the Old Testament.

Special concepts in this chapter

Hand washing

The Pharisees washed many things that were not dirty because they were trying to make God think that they were good. They washed their hands before they ate, even when their hands were not dirty, though the law of Moses did not say that they had to do it. Jesus told them that they were wrong and that people make God happy by thinking and doing the right things. (See: law of Moses and clean)

Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter

"Ephphatha"

This is an Aramaic word. Mark wrote it the way it sounds using Greek letters and then explained what it means.

Mark 7:1

Connecting Statement:

Jesus rebukes the Pharisees and scribes.

gathered around him

"gathered around Jesus"

Mark 7:2

They saw

"The Pharisees and the scribes saw"

that is, unwashed

The word "unwashed" explains why the disciples' hands were defiled. It can be expressed in active form. Alternate translation: "that is, with hands that they had not washed" or "that is, they had not washed their hands"

Mark 7:3

General Information:

In verses 3 and 4, the author gives background information about the Pharisees' washing traditions in order to show why the Pharisees were bothered that Jesus's disciples did not wash their hands before eating. If you need to reorder the events in these verses, it may be helpful to use a verse bridge, as in the UDB.

For the Pharisees and all the Jews do not eat unless they wash their hands carefully

The words "do not" and "unless" are a double negative. This can be stated in a positive way. Alternate translation: "For the Pharisees and all the Jews eat only after they wash their hands carefully"

unless they wash their hands carefully

This kind of hand washing was an important ceremonial or religious act, not just an act of making ones hands clean physically. The Jews washed their hands carefully to obey all religious traditions and rules about cleanness. This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: "unless they make their hands ceremonially clean"

elders

Jewish elders were leaders in their communities and were also judges for the people.

Mark 7:4

they hold to many other things they have received

The words "things they have received" refers to traditions that they learned from their elders. Alternate translation: "they follow many other traditions" or "they do many other things that they were taught to do"

copper vessels

"copper kettles" or "metal containers"

the couches upon which they eat

"benches" or "beds." At that time, the Jews would recline when eating.

Mark 7:5

Why do your disciples not walk according to the tradition of the elders, but eat their bread with unclean hands?

Here "walk according to" is a metaphor for "obey." The Pharisees and scribes asked this question to challenge Jesus's authority. This can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: "Your disciples should not disobey the traditions of our elders by eating their bread with unclean hands."

unclean

The hands were ritually unclean because the disciples had not performed the ceremonial washing. The Pharisees were not accusing them of eating with physical dirt on their hands.

bread

This is a synecdoche, representing food in general. Alternate translation: "food"

Mark 7:6

General Information:

Here Jesus quotes the prophet Isaiah, who had written scripture many years earlier.

with their lips

Here "lips" is a metonym for speaking. Alternate translation: "by what they say"

but their heart is far from me

Here "heart" refers to a person's thoughts or emotions. This is a way of saying the people are not truly devoted to God. Alternate translation: "but they do not really love me"

Mark 7:7

General Information:

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Mark 7:8

Connecting Statement:

Jesus continues to rebuke the scribes and Pharisees.

You abandon the commandment of God

"You refuse to obey the commandment of God"

hold on to

This phrase is a metaphor for strictly obeying. Alternate translation: "strictly obey"

Mark 7:9

How well you reject the commandment ... keep your tradition

Jesus uses this ironic statement to rebuke his listeners for forsaking God's commandment. Alternate translation: "You think you have done well in how you have rejected the commandment of God so you may keep your own traditions, but what you have done is not good at all"

How well you reject

"How skillfully you reject"

Mark 7:10

He who speaks evil of his father or mother will surely be put to death

This may be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "The authorities must execute a person who speaks evil about his father or mother"

who speaks evil of

"who curses"

Mark 7:11

General Information:

In verses 11 and 12, Jesus shows how the Pharisees teach people that they do not have to obey God's commandment to honor their parents. In verse 11 Jesus tells what the Pharisees allow people to say about their possessions, and in verse 12 he tells how that affects what people do for their parents.

is Corban

"Corban" is a Hebrew word that refers to things that people promise to give to God. Translators normally transliterate it using the target language alphabet. Some translators translate its meaning, and then leave out Mark's explanation of the meaning that follows. Alternate translation: "is a gift to God" or "belongs to God"

Whatever help you would have received from me is Corban

A person might say this so that he would not have to give anything to help his parents. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: "I will not help you, because whatever help you would have received from me is Corban"

a Gift

This phrase explains the meaning of the Hebrew word "Corban." Mark explained the meaning so that his non-Jewish readers could understand what Jesus said. This seems to have been the proper name of a sacrifice. You may need to make explicit who the gift was given to. Alternate translation: "a Gift to God"

Mark 7:12

then you no longer permit him to do anything for his father or his mother

Possible meanings are that by telling people that they could say that their possessions are Corban, 1) the Pharisees did not allow people to help their parents, or 2) the Pharisees allowed people to refuse to help their parents. Alternate translation: "then you permit him to do nothing for his father or his mother"

then you no longer permit him to do anything for his father or his mother

Here "do anything" refers to helping his parents by giving to them. This can be translated as "then you no longer permit him to give anything to his father or his mother" or "then you permit him to give nothing to his father or his mother"

Mark 7:13

the word of God

Jesus is speaking specifically of the command to love father and mother. Alternate translation: "God's command"

void

canceled or done away with

many similar things you do

"you are doing many other things similar to this"

Mark 7:14

Connecting Statement:

Jesus tells a parable to the crowd to help them understand what he has been saying to the scribes and Pharisees.

He called

"Jesus called"

Listen to me, all of you, and understand

The words "Listen" and "understand" are related. Jesus uses them together to emphasize that his hearers should pay close attention to what he is saying.

understand

It may be helpful to state what Jesus is telling them to understand. Alternate translation: "try to understand what I am about to tell you"

Mark 7:15

nothing from outside of a person

Jesus is speaking about what a person eats. This is in contrast to "what comes out of the person." Alternate translation: "nothing from outside a person that he can eat"

It is what comes out of the person

This refers to the things a person does or says. This is in contrast to what is "outside a person that ... enters into him." Alternate translation: "It is what comes out of a person that he says or does"

Mark 7:16

General Information:

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Mark 7:17

Connecting Statement:

The disciples still do not understand what Jesus has just said to the scribes, Pharisees, and crowds. Jesus explains his meaning more thoroughly to them.

Now

This word is used here to mark a new part of the story. Jesus is now away from the crowd, in a house with his disciples.

Mark 7:18

Connecting Statement:

Jesus begins to teach his disciples by asking a question.

Are you also still without understanding?

Jesus uses this question to express his disappointment that they do not understand. This can be expressed as a statement. Alternate translation: "After all I have said and done, I would expect you to understand."

Mark 7:19

Connecting Statement:

Jesus finishes asking the question he is using to teach his disciples.

because ... latrine?

This is the end of the question that begins with the words "Do you not see" in verse 18. Jesus uses this question to teach his disciples something they should already know. It can be expressed as a statement. "You should already understand that whatever enters into a person from outside cannot defile him, because it cannot go into his heart, but it goes into his stomach and then passes out into the latrine."

it cannot go into his heart

Here "heart" is a metonym for a person's inner being or mind. Here Jesus means that food does not affect a person's character. Alternate translation: "it cannot go into his inner being" or "it cannot go into his mind"

because it

Here "it" refers to what goes into a person; that is, what a person eats.

all foods clean

It may be helpful to explain clearly what this phrase means. Alternate translation: "all foods clean, meaning that people can eat any food without God considering the eater defiled"

Mark 7:20

He said

"Jesus said"

It is that which comes out of the person that defiles him

"What defiles a person is what comes out of him"

Mark 7:21

out of the heart, proceed evil thoughts

Here "heart" is a metonym for a person's inner being or mind. Alternate translation: "out of the inner being, come evil thoughts" or "out of the mind, come evil thoughts"

Mark 7:22

sensuality

not controlling one's lustful desires

slander

or blasphemy

Mark 7:23

come from within

Here the word "within" describes a person's heart. Alternate translation: "come from within a person's heart" or "come from within a person's thoughts"

Mark 7:24

Connecting Statement:

When Jesus goes away to Tyre, he heals the daughter of a Gentile woman who has extraordinary faith.

Mark 7:25

had an unclean spirit

This is an idiom meaning that she was possessed by the unclean spirit. Alternate translation: "was possessed by an unclean spirit"

fell down

"knelt." This is an act of honor and submission.

Mark 7:26

Now the woman was a Greek, a Syrophoenician by descent

The word "Now" is used here to mark a pause in the story, as the author gives us background information about the woman.

Syrophoenician

This is the name of the woman's nationality. She was born in the Phoenician region in Syria.

Mark 7:27

Let the children first be fed. For it is not proper ... throw it to the dogs

Here Jesus speaks about the Jews as if they are children and the Gentiles as if they are dogs. Alternate translation: "Let the children of Israel first be fed. For it is not right to take the children's bread and throw it to the Gentiles, who are like dogs"

Let the children first be fed

This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "We must first feed the children of Israel"

proper

morally right

bread

This refers to food in general. Alternate translation: "food"

dogs

This refers to small dogs kept as pets.

Mark 7:28

General Information:

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Mark 7:29

you are free to go

Jesus was implying that she no longer needed to stay to ask him to help her daughter. He would do it. Alternate translation: "you may go now" or "you may go home in peace"

The demon has gone out of your daughter

Jesus has caused the unclean spirit to leave the woman's daughter. This can be expressed clearly. Alternate translation: "I have caused the evil spirit to leave your daughter"

Mark 7:30

General Information:

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Mark 7:31

Connecting Statement:

After healing people in Tyre, Jesus goes to the Sea of Galilee. There he heals a deaf man, which amazes the people.

went out again from the region of Tyre

"left the region of Tyre"

up into the region

Possible meanings are 1) "in the region" as Jesus is at the sea in the region of the Decapolis or 2) "through the region" as Jesus went through the region of the Decapolis to get to the sea.

Decapolis

This is the name of a region that means Ten Cities. It is located to the southeast of the Sea of Galilee. See how you translated this in [Mark 5:20]

Mark 7:32

They brought

"And people brought"

who was deaf

"who was not able to hear"

they begged him to lay his hand on him

Prophets and teachers would put their hands on people in order to heal them or bless them. In this case, people are begging Jesus to heal a man. Alternate translation: "they begged Jesus to put his hand on the man to heal him"

Mark 7:33

Then taking him ... privately, he

"Then Jesus took the man ... privately, and he"

he put his fingers into his ears

Jesus is putting his own fingers in the man's ears.

then he spit and touched his tongue

It may be helpful to state that Jesus spit on his fingers. Alternate translation: "then he spit on his fingers and touched the man's tongue with them"

Mark 7:34

looked up to heaven

This means that he looked up toward the sky, which is associated with the place where God lives.

sighed

This means that Jesus groaned or that he let out a long deep breath that could be heard.

said to him

"said to the man"

Ephphatha

This is an Aramaic word. It should be copied into your language using your alphabet.

Mark 7:35

his ears were opened

This means he was able to hear. Alternate translation: "his ears were opened and he was able to hear" or "he was able to hear"

the bond of his tongue was released

This metaphor speaks of the man's tongue as if it were bound by a rope or chain that kept the man from speaking and that Jesus broke or loosened so the man could speak. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "Jesus released the bond of his tongue" or "Jesus set his tongue free" or "Jesus enabled the man to speak"

Mark 7:36

But the more he ordered them, the more abundantly they proclaimed it

The refers to him ordering them not to tell anyone about what he had done. Alternate translation: "But though he continually ordered them not to tell anyone, they continually proclaimed it"

the more abundantly

"the more widely" or "the more"

Mark 7:37

were extremely astonished

"were utterly amazed" or "were exceedingly astonished" or "were astonished beyond all measure"

the deaf hear and the mute speak

These refer to people. Alternate translation: "the deaf people hear and the mute people speak" or "people who cannot hear, hear, and people who cannot speak, speak"

ULB Translation Questions

Mark 7:2

What were some of Jesus' disciples doing that offended the Pharisees and scribes?

Some of the disciples were eating with unwashed hands.

Mark 7:3

Whose tradition was it that hands, cups, pots, copper vessels, and dining couches be washed before eating?

It was the tradition of the elders that hands, cups, pots, copper vessels, and dining couches be washed before eating.

Mark 7:4

Whose tradition was it that hands, cups, pots, copper vessels, and dining couches be washed before eating?

It was the tradition of the elders that hands, cups, pots, copper vessels, and dining couches be washed before eating.

Mark 7:8

What did Jesus say to the Pharisees and scribes about their teaching on the issue of washing?

Jesus said that the Pharisees and scribes taught the rules of men while abandoning the commandment of God.

Mark 7:9

What did Jesus say to the Pharisees and scribes about their teaching on the issue of washing?

Jesus said that the Pharisees and scribes taught the rules of men while abandoning the commandment of God.

Mark 7:11

How did the Pharisees and scribes void the commandment of God which says to honor your father and mother?

They voided God's commandment by telling people to give to them as Corban the money that would have helped their father and mother.

Mark 7:12

How did the Pharisees and scribes void the commandment of God which says to honor your father and mother?

They voided God's commandment by telling people to give to them as Corban the money that would have helped their father and mother.

Mark 7:13

How did the Pharisees and scribes void the commandment of God which says to honor your father and mother?

They voided God's commandment by telling people to give to them as Corban the money that would have helped their father and mother.

Mark 7:15

What did Jesus say does not defile a person?

Jesus said that nothing from outside of a person can defile him when it enters into him.

What did Jesus say defiles a person?

Jesus said that what comes out of a person defiles him.

Mark 7:18

What did Jesus say does not defile a person?

Jesus said that nothing from outside of a person can defile him when it enters into him.

Mark 7:19

What did Jesus say does not defile a person?

Jesus said that nothing from outside of a person can defile him when it enters into him.

What kinds of foods did Jesus declare to be clean?

Jesus declared all foods to be clean.

Mark 7:20

What did Jesus say defiles a person?

Jesus said that what comes out of a person defiles him.

Mark 7:21

What did Jesus say defiles a person?

Jesus said that what comes out of a person defiles him.

What are three things that Jesus said can come out of a person to defile him?

Jesus said that evil thoughts, sexual immorality, theft, murder, adultery, coveting, wickedness, deceit, sensuality, envy, slander, pride, and folly can come out of a person to defile him.

Mark 7:22

What did Jesus say defiles a person?

Jesus said that what comes out of a person defiles him.

What are three things that Jesus said can come out of a person to defile him?

Jesus said that evil thoughts, sexual immorality, theft, murder, adultery, coveting, wickedness, deceit, sensuality, envy, slander, pride, and folly can come out of a person to defile him.

Mark 7:23

What did Jesus say defiles a person?

Jesus said that what comes out of a person defiles him.

Mark 7:25

Was the woman whose daughter had an unclean spirit a Jew or a Greek?

The woman whose daughter had an unclean spirit was a Greek.

Mark 7:26

Was the woman whose daughter had an unclean spirit a Jew or a Greek?

The woman whose daughter had an unclean spirit was a Greek.

Mark 7:28

How did the woman respond when Jesus told her that it was not right to take the children's bread and throw it to the dogs?

The woman said that even the dogs under the table eat the children's crumbs.

Mark 7:29

What did Jesus do for the woman?

Jesus cast the demon out of the woman's daughter.

Mark 7:30

What did Jesus do for the woman?

Jesus cast the demon out of the woman's daughter.

Mark 7:33

When the man who was deaf and had a speech impediment was brought to Jesus, what did he do to heal him?

Jesus put his fingers in the man's ears, spit and touched his tongue, then looked to heaven and said, "Open!"

Mark 7:34

When the man who was deaf and had a speech impediment was brought to Jesus, what did he do to heal him?

Jesus put his fingers in the man's ears, spit and touched his tongue, then looked to heaven and said, "Open!"

Mark 7:36

What did the people do when Jesus told them to tell no one about his healings?

The more Jesus commanded them to be quiet, the more they talked about it.

Chapter 8

Mark 8 General Notes

Special concepts in this chapter

Bread

When Jesus worked a miracle and provided bread for a large crowd of people, they probably thought about when God miraculously provided food for the people of Israel when they were in the wilderness.

Yeast is the ingredient that causes bread to become larger before it is baked. In this chapter, Jesus uses yeast as a metaphor for things that change the way people think, speak, and act.

"Adulterous generation"

When Jesus called the people an "adulterous generation," he was telling them that they were not faithful to God. (See: faithful and people of God)

Important figures of speech in this chapter

Rhetorical Questions

Jesus used many rhetorical questions as a way of both teaching the disciples

Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter

Paradox

A paradox is a true statement that appears to describe something impossible. Jesus uses a paradox when he says, "Whoever wants to save his life will lose it, and whoever loses his life for my sake will find it" (Mark 8:35-37).

Mark 8:1

Connecting Statement:

A great, hungry crowd is with Jesus. He feeds them using only seven loaves and a few fish before Jesus and his disciples get in a boat to go to another place.

In those days

This phrase is used to introduce a new event in the story.

Mark 8:2

they continue to be with me already for three days and have nothing to eat

"this is this third day these people have been with me, and they have nothing to eat"

Mark 8:3

they may faint

Possible meanings are 1) literal, "they may lose consciousness temporarily" or 2) hyperbolic exaggeration, "they may become weak."

Mark 8:4

Where can we get enough loaves of bread in such a deserted place to satisfy these people?

The disciples are expressing surprise that Jesus would expect them to be able to find enough food. Alternate translation: "This place is so deserted that there is no place here for us to get enough loaves of bread to satisfy these people!"

loaves of bread

Loaves of bread are lumps of dough that have been shaped and baked.

Mark 8:5

He asked them

"Jesus asked his disciples"

Mark 8:6

He commanded the crowd to sit down on the ground.

This can be written as a direct quote. "Jesus commanded the crowd, 'Sit down on the ground.'"

sit down

Use your language's word for how people customarily eat when there is no table, whether sitting or lying down.

Mark 8:7

They also had

Here the word "they" is used to refer to Jesus and his disciples.

he gave thanks for them

"Jesus gave thanks for the fish"

Mark 8:8

They ate

"The people ate"

they picked up

"the disciples picked up"

the remaining broken pieces, seven large baskets

This refers to the broken pieces of fish and bread that were left over after the people ate. Alternate translation: "the remaining broken pieces of bread and fish, which filled seven large baskets"

Mark 8:9

Then he sent them away

It may be helpful to clarify when he sent them away. Alternate translation: "After they ate, Jesus sent them away"

Mark 8:10

they went into the region of Dalmanutha

It may be helpful to clarify how they got to Dalmanutha. Alternate translation: "they sailed around the Sea of Galilee to the region of Dalmanutha"

Dalmanutha

This is the name of a place on the northwestern shore of the Sea of Galilee.

Mark 8:11

Connecting Statement:

In Dalmanutha, Jesus refuses to give the Pharisees a sign before he and his disciples get in a boat and leave.

They sought from him

"They asked him for"

a sign from heaven

They wanted a sign that would prove that Jesus's power and authority were from God. Possible meanings are 1) The word "heaven" is a metonym for God. Alternate translation: "a sign from God" or 2) the word "heaven" refers to the sky. Alternate translation: "a sign from the sky"

to test him

The Pharisees tried to test Jesus to make him prove that he was from God. Some information can be made explicit. Alternate translation: "to prove that God had sent him"

Mark 8:12

He sighed deeply in his spirit

This means that he groaned or that he let out a long deep breath that could be heard. It probably shows Jesus's deep sadness that the Pharisees refused to believe him. See how you translated this in Mark 7:34.

in his spirit

"in himself"

Why does this generation seek for a sign?

Jesus is scolding them. This question may be written as a statement. Alternate translation: "This generation should not seek a sign."

this generation

When Jesus speaks of "this generation," he is referring to the people who lived at that time. The Pharisees are included in this group. Alternate translation: "you and the people of this generation"

no sign will be given

This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "I will not give a sign"

Mark 8:13

he left them, got into a boat again

Jesus's disciples went with him. Some information can be made explicit. Alternate translation: "he left them, got into a boat again with his disciples"

to the other side

This describes the Sea of Galilee, which can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: "to the other side of the sea"

Mark 8:14

Connecting Statement:

While Jesus and his disciples are in a boat, they have a discussion about the lack of understanding among the Pharisees and Herod, though they had seen many signs.

Now

This word is used here to mark a pause in the story. Here the author tells background information about the disciples forgetting to bring bread.

no more than one loaf

The negative phrase "no more" is used to emphasize how small an amount of bread they had. Alternate translation: "only one loaf"

Mark 8:15

Keep watch and be on guard

These two terms have a common meaning and are repeated here for emphasis. They can be combined. Alternate translation: "Keep watch"

the yeast of the Pharisees and the yeast of Herod

Here Jesus is speaking to his disciples in a metaphor they do not understand. Jesus is comparing the Pharisees' and Herod's teachings to yeast, but you should not explain this when you translate it because the disciples themselves did not understand it.

Mark 8:16

no bread

The word "no" is an exaggeration. The disciples did have one loaf of bread

Mark 8:17

Why are you arguing about having no bread?

Here Jesus is mildly rebuking his disciples because they should have understood what he had been talking about. This can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: "You should not be thinking that I am talking about actual bread."

Do you still not see or understand?

These questions have the same meaning and are used together to emphasize that they do not understand. This can be written as one question or as a statement. Alternate translation: "Do you not yet understand?" or "You should perceive and understand by now the things I say and do."

Do you have hardened hearts?

Here "hearts" is a metonym for a person's mind and "hardened" is a metaphor for not being able or willing to understand something. Jesus uses a question to scold the disciples. This can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: "You are so slow to understand what I mean!" or "You are unwilling to understand what I mean!"

Mark 8:18

You have eyes, do you not see? You have ears, do you not hear? Do you not remember?

Jesus continues to mildly rebuke his disciples. These questions can be written as statements. Alternate translation: "You have eyes, but you do not understand what you see. You have ears, but you do not understand what you hear. You should remember."

Mark 8:19

the five thousand

This refers to the 5,000 people Jesus fed. Alternate translation: "the 5,000 people"

how many baskets full of broken pieces of bread did you take up

It may be helpful to state when they collected the baskets of pieces. Alternate translation: "how many baskets full of broken pieces of bread did you collect after everyone finished eating"

Mark 8:20

the four thousand

This refers to the 4,000 people Jesus fed. Alternate translation: "the 4,000 people"

how many basketfuls of broken pieces of bread did you take up

It may be helpful to state when they collected these. Alternate translation: "how many baskets full of broken pieces of bread did you collect after everyone finished eating"

Mark 8:21

Do you not yet understand?

Jesus is mildly rebuking his disciples for not understanding. This can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: "You should understand by now the things I say and do."

Mark 8:22

Connecting Statement:

When Jesus and his disciples get out of their boat at Bethsaida, Jesus heals a blind man.

Bethsaida

This is a town on the northern shore of the Sea of Galilee. See how you translated the name of this town in [Mark 6:45]

to touch him

It may be helpful to state why they wanted Jesus to touch the man. Alternate translation: "to touch him in order to heal him"

Mark 8:23

When he had spit on his eyes ... he asked him

"When Jesus had spit on the man's eyes ... Jesus asked the man"

Mark 8:24

He looked up

"The man looked up"

I see men who look like walking trees

The man sees men walking around, yet they are not clear to him, so he compares them to trees. Alternate translation: "Yes, I see people! They are walking around, but I cannot see them clearly. They look like trees"

Mark 8:25

Then he again

"Then Jesus again"

and the man opened his eyes, his sight was restored

The phrase "his sight was restored" can be written in active form. Alternate translation: "restoring the man's sight, and then the man opened his eyes"

Mark 8:26

General Information:

This page has intentionally been left blank.

Mark 8:27

Connecting Statement:

Jesus and his disciples talk on their way to the villages of Caesarea Philippi about who Jesus is and what will happen to him.

Mark 8:28

They answered him and said

"They answered him, saying,"

John the Baptist

The disciples answer that this was who some people said Jesus was. This can be shown more clearly. Alternate translation: "Some people say that you are John the Baptist"

Others say ... others

The word "others" refers to other people. This refers to their responses to Jesus's question. Alternate translation: "Other people say you are ... other people say you are"

Mark 8:29

He asked them

"Jesus asked his disciples"

Mark 8:30

Jesus warned them not to tell anyone about him.

Jesus did not want them to tell anyone that he was the Christ. This can be made more explicit. This can also be written as a direct quote. Alternate translation: "Jesus warned them not to tell anyone that he is the Christ." or "Jesus warned them, 'Do not tell anyone that I am the Christ.'"

Mark 8:31

Son of Man

This is an important title for Jesus.

would be rejected by the elders and the chief priests and the scribes, and would be killed, and after three days rise up

This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "that the elders and the chief priests and the scribes would reject him, and that men would kill him, and that after three days he would rise up"

Mark 8:32

He spoke that message openly

Possible meanings are 1) "He said this so that people could hear him" or 2) "He said this in a way that was easy to understand."

began to rebuke him

Peter rebuked Jesus for saying the things he said would happen to the Son of Man. This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: "began to rebuke him for saying these things"

Mark 8:33

Connecting Statement:

After rebuking Peter for his not wanting Jesus to die and rise, Jesus tells both his disciples and the crowd how to follow him.

Get behind me, Satan

Jesus means that Peter is acting like Satan because Peter is trying to prevent Jesus from accomplishing what God sent him to do. Alternate translation: "Get behind me, because you are acting like Satan"

Get behind me

"Get away from me"

Mark 8:34

follow me

Following Jesus here represents being one of his disciples. Alternate translation: "be my disciple" or "be one of my disciples"

must deny himself

"must not give in to his own desires" or "must forsake his own desires"

take up his cross, and follow me

"carry his cross and follow me." The cross represents suffering and death. Taking up the cross represents being willing to suffer and die. Alternate translation: "must obey me even to the point of suffering and dying"

follow me

Following Jesus here represents obeying him. Alternate translation: "obey me"

Mark 8:35

For whoever wants

"For anyone who wants"

life

This refers to both physical life and spiritual life.

for my sake and for the gospel

"because of me and because of the gospel." Jesus is talking about people who lose their lives because they follow Jesus and the gospel. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: "because he follows me and tells others the gospel"

Mark 8:36

What does it profit a person to gain the whole world and then forfeit his life?

This can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: "Even if a person gains the whole world, it will not benefit him if he forfeits his life."

to gain the whole world and then forfeit his life

This can also be expressed as a condition starting with the word "if." Alternate translation: "if he gains the whole world and then forfeits his life"

to gain the whole world

The words "the whole world" are an exaggeration for great riches. Alternate translation: "to gain everything he ever wanted"

forfeit

To forfeit something is to lose it or to have another person take it away.

Mark 8:37

What can a person give in exchange for his life?

This can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: "There is nothing a person can give in exchange for his life." or "No one can give anything in exchange for his life."

What can a person give

If in your language "giving" requires someone to receive what is given, "God" can be stated as the receiver. Alternate translation: "What can a person give to God"

Mark 8:38

ashamed of me and my words

"ashamed of me and my message"

in this adulterous and sinful generation

Jesus speaks of this generation as "adulterous," meaning that they are unfaithful in their relationship with God. Alternate translation: "in this generation of people who have committed adultery against God and are very sinful" or "in this generation of people who are unfaithful to God and are very sinful"

the Son of Man will be ashamed

Jesus speaks of himself in the third person. Alternate translation: "I, the Son of Man, will be ashamed"

when he comes

"when he comes back"

in the glory of his Father

When Jesus returns he will have the same glory as his Father.

with the holy angels

"accompanied by the holy angels"

ULB Translation Questions

Mark 8:1

What concern did Jesus state about the great crowd that had been following him?

Jesus stated that he was concerned the great crowd had nothing to eat.

Mark 8:2

What concern did Jesus state about the great crowd that had been following him?

Jesus stated that he was concerned the great crowd had nothing to eat.

Mark 8:5

How many loaves did the disciples have with them?

The disciples had seven loaves with them.

Mark 8:6

What did Jesus do with the disciples' loaves?

Jesus gave thanks, broke the loaves, and gave them to his disciples to serve.

Mark 8:8

How much food remained after everyone had eaten?

There were seven baskets of food remaining after everyone had eaten.

Mark 8:9

How many people ate and were satisfied?

There were about four thousand men who ate and were satisfied.

Mark 8:11

To test him, what did the Pharisees want Jesus to do?

The Pharisees wanted Jesus to give them a sign from heaven.

Mark 8:15

About what did Jesus warn his disciples concerning the Pharisees?

Jesus warned his disciples to be on guard of the yeast of the Pharisees.

Mark 8:16

About what did the disciples think Jesus was talking?

The disciples thought Jesus was talking about the fact that they had forgotten to bring bread.

Mark 8:19

Jesus reminded his disciples that what had happened when Jesus had broken five loaves?

Jesus reminded them that when he had broken five loaves, five thousand people had been fed and twelves baskets full of broken pieces had been taken up.

Mark 8:23

What two things did Jesus first do to the blind man in order to restore his sight?

Jesus first spat on his eyes and laid his hands upon him.

Mark 8:25

What third thing did Jesus do to the blind man in order to completely restore his sight?

Jesus laid his hands upon his eyes.

Mark 8:28

Who were the people saying that Jesus was?

The people were saying that Jesus was John the Baptizer, Elijah, or one of the prophets.

Mark 8:29

Who did Peter say that Jesus was?

Peter said that Jesus was the Christ.

Mark 8:31

About what future events did Jesus begin to teach his disciples clearly?

Jesus taught his disciples that the Son of Man must suffer, be rejected, be killed, and be raised after three days.

Mark 8:33

What did Jesus say when Peter began to rebuke him?

Jesus said to Peter, "Get behind me Satan! You do not care for the things of God, but for the things of people".

Mark 8:34

What did Jesus say anyone who wants to follow him must do?

Jesus said that anyone who wants to follow him must deny himself and take up his cross.

Mark 8:36

What did Jesus say about a person's desire to gain the things of the world?

Jesus said, "What does it profit a person to gain the whole world, and then forfeit his life?"

Mark 8:38

What did Jesus say he would do concerning those who are ashamed of him and his words?

Jesus said that at his coming he would be ashamed of those who were ashamed of him and his words.

Chapter 9

Mark 9 General Notes

Special concepts in this chapter

"transfigured"

Scripture often speaks of God's glory as a great, brilliant light. When people see this light, they are afraid. Mark says in this chapter that Jesus's clothing shone with this glorious light so that his followers could see that Jesus truly was God's Son. At the same time, God told them that Jesus was his Son. (See: glory and fear)

Important figures of speech in this chapter

Hyperbole

Jesus said things that he did not expect his followers to understand literally. When he said, "If your hand causes you to stumble, cut it off" (Mark 9:43), he was exaggerating so they would know that they should stay away from anything that caused them to sin, even if it was something they loved or thought they needed.

Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter

Elijah and Moses

Elijah and Moses suddenly appeared to Jesus, James, John, and Peter, and then they disappeared. All four of them saw Elijah and Moses, and because Elijah and Moses spoke with Jesus, the reader should understand that Elijah and Moses appeared physically.

"Son of Man"

Jesus referred to himself as the "Son of Man" in this chapter

Paradox

A paradox is a true statement that appears to describe something impossible. Jesus used a paradox when he said, "If anyone wants to be first, he must be last of all and servant of all" (Mark 9:35).

Mark 9:1

He said to them

"Jesus said to his disciples"

the kingdom of God come with power

The kingdom of God coming represents God showing himself as king. Alternate translation: "God show himself with great power as king"

Mark 9:2

alone by themselves

The author uses the reflexive pronoun "themselves" here to emphasize that they were alone and that only Jesus, Peter, James, and John went up the mountain.

he was transfigured

"Transfigure" means for a person's outward appearance to change. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "his appearance had changed" or "he appeared very different"

before them

"in front of them"

Mark 9:3

radiantly brilliant

"shining" or "glowing." Jesus's garments were so white they were emitting or giving off light.

extremely

"very"

whiter than any bleacher on earth could bleach them

Bleaching describes the process of making natural white wool even whiter by using chemicals like bleach or ammonia. Alternate translation: "whiter than any person on earth could whiten them"

Mark 9:4

Elijah with Moses appeared

It may be helpful to state who these men are. Alternate translation: "two prophets who had lived long ago, Elijah and Moses, appeared"

they were talking

The word "they" refers to Elijah and Moses.

Mark 9:5

Peter answered and said to Jesus

"Peter said to Jesus." Here the word "answered" is used to introduce Peter into the conversation. Peter was not answering a question.

it is good for us to be here

It is not clear whether "us" refers only to Peter, James, and John, or if it refers to everyone there, including Jesus, Elijah, and Moses. If you can translate so that both options are possible, do so.

shelters

simple, temporary places in which to sit or sleep

Mark 9:6

For he did not know what to say, for they were terrified

This parenthetical sentence tells background information about Peter, James, and John.

they were terrified

"they were very frightened" or "they were very afraid"

Mark 9:7

came and overshadowed

"appeared and covered"

Then a voice came out of the cloud

Here "a voice came out" is a metonym for someone speaking. It can also be stated clearly who spoke. Alternate translation: "Then someone spoke from the cloud" or "Then God spoke from the cloud"

This is my beloved Son. Listen to him

God the Father expresses his love for his "beloved Son," the Son of God.

beloved Son

This is an important title for Jesus, the Son of God.

Mark 9:8

when they looked

Here "they" refers to Peter, James, and John.

Mark 9:9

he commanded them to tell no one ... until the Son of Man had risen

This implies that he was permitting them to tell people about what they had seen after he rose from being dead.

risen from the dead

"risen from among the dead." This speaks of becoming alive again. The phrase "the dead" refers to "dead people" and is a metonym for death. Alternate translation: "risen from death"

Mark 9:10

rising from the dead

"to rise from among the dead." This speaks of becoming alive again. The phrase "the dead" refers to "dead people" and is a metonym for death. Alternate translation: "rising from death"

So they kept the matter to themselves

Here "kept the matter to themselves" is an idiom that means they did not tell anyone about what they had seen. Alternate translation: "So they did not tell anyone about what they had seen"

Mark 9:11

Connecting Statement:

Though Peter, James, and John wondered what Jesus might mean by "rising from the dead," they asked him instead about Elijah's coming.

They asked him

The word "they" refers to Peter, James, and John.

Why do the scribes say that Elijah must come first?

Prophecy foretold that Elijah would come again from heaven. Then the Messiah, who is the Son of Man, would come to rule and reign. The disciples are confused about how the Son of Man could die and rise again. Alternate translation: "Why do the scribes say that Elijah must come before the Messiah comes?"

Mark 9:12

Elijah does come first to restore all things

By saying this, Jesus affirms that Elijah would come first.

Why then is it written ... be despised?

Jesus uses this question to remind his disciples that the scriptures also teach that the Son of Man must suffer and be despised. This may be expressed as a statement. Alternate translation: "But I also want you to consider what is written about the Son of Man. The scriptures say that he must suffer many things and be hated."

be despised

This may be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "people would hate him"

Mark 9:13

they did whatever they wanted to him

It may be helpful to state what people did to Elijah. Alternate translation: "our leaders treated him very badly, just as they wanted to do"

Mark 9:14

Connecting Statement:

When Peter, James, John, and Jesus came down from the mountain, they found the scribes arguing with the other disciples.

When they came to the disciples

Jesus, Peter, James, and John returned to the other disciples who had not gone with them up the mountain.

they saw a great crowd around them

"Jesus and those three disciples saw a great crowd around the other disciples"

scribes were arguing with them

The scribes were arguing with the disciples who had not gone with Jesus.

Mark 9:15

was amazed

It may be helpful to state why they were amazed. Alternate translation: "was amazed that Jesus had come"

Mark 9:16

General Information:

This page has intentionally been left blank.

Mark 9:17

He has a spirit

This means the boy is possessed by an unclean spirit. "He has an unclean spirit" or "He is possessed by an unclean spirit"

Mark 9:18

down, and he foams at the mouth, grinds his teeth, and becomes

A convulsion, or seizure, can cause a person to have trouble breathing or swallowing. This causes white foam to come out of the mouth. If your language has a way to describe that, you could use it. Alternate translation: "down, and bubbles come out of his mouth, and he grinds his teeth and becomes"

becomes rigid

"becomes stiff" or "his body becomes rigid"

they could not

This refers to the disciples not being about to drive the spirit out of the boy. Alternate translation: "they could not drive it out of him"

Mark 9:19

He answered them

Though it was the boy's father who made a request of Jesus, Jesus responds to the whole crowd. This can be made clear. Alternate translation: "Jesus responded to the crowd"

Unbelieving generation

"You unbelieving generation." Jesus calls the crowd this as he begins to respond to them.

how long will I have to stay with you? How long will I bear with you?

Jesus uses these questions to express his frustration. Both questions have the same meaning. They can be written as statements. Alternate translation: "Your unbelief tires me! I wonder how long I must bear with you."

bear with you

"endure you" or "put up with you"

Bring him to me

"Bring the boy to me"

Mark 9:20

spirit

This refers to the unclean spirit. See how you translated this in Mark 9:17.

convulsion

This is the violent shaking of a person's body that can occur when that person has no control over his body.

Mark 9:21

For how much time

"How long"

Since childhood

"Since he was a small child." It may be helpful to state this as a full sentence. Alternate translation: "He has been like this since he was a small child"

Mark 9:22

have pity

"have compassion"

Mark 9:23

'If you are able'?

Jesus repeated what the man had said to him. Alternate translation: "Do you say to me 'If you are able'?" or "Why do you say 'If you are able'?"

'If you are able'?

Jesus used this question to rebuke the man's doubt. It can be expressed as a statement. Alternate translation: "You should not say to me, 'If you are able.'" or "You ask me if I am able. Of course I am able."

All things are possible for the one who believes

"God can do anything for people who believe in him"

for the one

"for the person" or "for anyone"

believes

This refers to belief in God. Alternate translation: "believes in God"

Mark 9:24

Help my unbelief

The man is asking Jesus to help him overcome his unbelief and increase his faith. Alternate translation: "Help me when I do not believe" or "Help me have more faith"

Mark 9:25

the crowd running to them

This means that more people were running toward where Jesus was and that the crowd there was growing larger.

You mute and deaf spirit

The words "mute" and "deaf" can be explained. Alternate translation: "You unclean spirit, you who are causing the boy to be unable to speak and unable to hear"

Mark 9:26

It cried out

"The unclean spirit cried out"

convulsed the boy greatly

"shook the boy violently"

came out

It is implied that the spirit came out of the boy. Alternate translation: "came out of the boy"

The boy looked like one who was dead

The boy's appearance is compared to that of a dead person. Alternate translation: "The boy appeared dead" or "The boy looked like a dead person"

so that many

"so that many people"

Mark 9:27

took him by the hand

This means that Jesus grasped the boy's hand with his own hand. Alternate translation: "grasped the boy by the hand"

lifted him up

"helped him get up"

Mark 9:28

privately

This means they were alone.

cast it out

"cast the unclean spirit out." This refers to casting the spirit out of the boy. Alternate translation: "cast the unclean spirit out of the boy"

Mark 9:29

This kind cannot be cast out except by prayer

The words "cannot" and "except" are both negative words. In some languages it is more natural to use a positive statement. Alternate translation: "This kind can be cast out only by prayer"

This kind

This describes unclean spirits. Alternate translation: "This kind of unclean spirit"

Mark 9:30

Connecting Statement:

After he heals the demon-possessed boy, Jesus and his disciples leave the house where they are staying. He takes time to teach his disciples alone.

They went out from there

"Jesus and his disciples left that region"

passed through

"traveled through" or "passed by"

Mark 9:31

for he was teaching his disciples

Jesus was teaching his disciples privately, away from the crowd. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: "for he was teaching his disciples privately"

The Son of Man will be given over

This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: "Someone will give the Son of Man over"

The Son of Man

Here Jesus refers to himself as the Son of Man. This is an important title for Jesus. "I, the Son of Man,"

into the hands of men

Here "hands" is a metonym for control. Alternate translation: "into the control of men" or "so that men will be able to control him"

When he has been put to death, after three days he

This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "After they have put him to death and three days have passed, he"

Mark 9:32

they were afraid to ask him

They were afraid to ask Jesus what his statement meant. Alternate translation: "they were afraid to ask him what it meant"

Mark 9:33

Connecting Statement:

When they come to Capernaum, Jesus teaches his disciples about being humble servants.

they came to

"they arrived at." The word "they" refers to Jesus and his disciples.

were you discussing

"were you discussing with one another"

Mark 9:34

they were silent

They were silent because they were ashamed to tell Jesus what they had been discussing. Alternate translation: "they were silent because they were ashamed"

who was the greatest

Here "the greatest" refers to "the greatest" among the disciples. Alternate translation: "who was the greatest among them"

Mark 9:35

If anyone wants to be first, he must be last of all

Here the words "first" and "last" are opposites of one another. Jesus speaks of being the "most important" as being "first" and of being the "least important" as being "last." Alternate translation: "If anyone wants God to consider him to be the most important person of all, he must consider himself to be the least important of all"

of all ... of all

"of all people ... of all people"

Mark 9:36

in their midst

"among them." The word "their" refers to the crowd.

He took him in his arms

This means that he hugged the child or picked him up and placed him on his lap.

Mark 9:37

such a child

"a child like this"

in my name

This means to do something because of love for Jesus. Alternate translation: "because he loves me" or "for my sake"

the one who sent me

This refers to God, who has sent him to earth. Alternate translation: "God, who has sent me"

Mark 9:38

John said to him

"John said to Jesus"

driving out demons

"sending away demons." This refers to casting demons out of people. Alternate translation: "driving demons out of people"

in your name

Here "name" is associated with Jesus's authority and power. Alternate translation: "by the authority of your name" or "by the power of your name"

he does not follow us

This means that he is not among their group of disciples. Alternate translation: "he is not one of us" or "he does not walk with us"

Mark 9:39

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Mark 9:40

is not against us

"is not opposing us"

is for us

It can be explained clearly what this means. Alternate translation: "is trying to achieve the same goals that we are"

Mark 9:41

gives you a cup of water to drink in my name because you belong to Christ

Jesus speaks about giving someone a cup of water as an example of how one person may help another. This is a metaphor for helping someone in any way.

not lose

This negative sentence emphasizes the positive meaning. In some languages, it is more natural to use a positive statement. Alternate translation: "definitely receive"

Mark 9:42

millstone

a large, round stone used for grinding grain into flour

Mark 9:43

If your hand causes you to stumble

Here "hand" is a metonym for desiring to do something sinful that you would do with your hand. Alternate translation: "If you want to do something sinful with one of your hands"

to enter into life maimed

"to be maimed and then to enter into life" or "to be maimed before entering into life"

to enter into life

Dying and then beginning to live eternally is spoken of as entering into life. Alternate translation: "to enter into eternal life" or "to die and begin to live forever"

maimed

missing a body part as a result of having it removed or being injured. Here it refers to missing a hand. Alternate translation: "without a hand" or "missing a hand"

into the unquenchable fire

"where the fire cannot be put out"

Mark 9:44

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Mark 9:45

If your foot causes you to stumble

Here the word "foot" is a metonym for desiring to do something sinful that you would do with your feet, such as going to a place you should not go to. Alternate translation: "If you want to do something sinful with one of your feet"

to enter into life lame

"to be lame and then to enter into life" or "to be lame before entering into life"

to enter into life

Dying and then beginning to live eternally is spoken of as entering into life. Alternate translation: "to enter into eternal life" or "to die and begin to live forever"

lame

"unable to walk easily." Here it refers not being able to walk well because of missing a foot. Alternate translation: "without a foot" or "missing a foot"

be thrown into hell

This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "for God to throw you into hell"

Mark 9:46

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Mark 9:47

If your eye causes you to stumble, tear it out

Here the word "eye" is a metonym for either 1) desiring to sin by looking at something. Alternate translation: "If you want to do something sinful by looking at something, tear your eye out" or 2) Desiring to sin because of what you have looked at. Alternate translation: "If you want to do something sinful because of what you look at, tear your eye out"

to enter into the kingdom of God with one eye than to have two eyes

This refers to the state of a person's physical body when he dies. A person does not take his physical body with him into eternity. Alternate translation: "to enter into the kingdom of God after having lived on earth with only one eye than to have lived on earth with two eyes"

to be thrown into hell

This can be stated in the active form. Alternate translation: "for God to throw you into hell"

Mark 9:48

where their worm does not die

The meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: "where worms that eat people there do not die"

Mark 9:49

everyone will be salted with fire

This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "God will salt everyone with fire" or "Just as salt purifies a sacrifice, God will purify everyone by allowing them to suffer"

will be salted with fire

Here "fire" is a metaphor for suffering, and putting salt on people is a metaphor for purifying them. So "will be salted with fire" is a metaphor for being purified through suffering. Alternate translation: "will be made pure in the fire of suffering" or "will suffer in order to be purified as a sacrifice is purified with salt"

Mark 9:50

its saltiness

"its salty taste"

how can you make it salty again?

This can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: "you cannot make it salty again."

salty again

"taste salty again"

Have salt among yourselves

Jesus speaks of doing good things for one another as if good things were salt that people possess. Alternate translation: "Do good to each other, like salt adds flavor to food"

ULB Translation Questions

Mark 9:1

Who did Jesus say would see the kingdom of God coming with power?

Jesus said that some standing there with him would not die before they saw the kingdom of God coming with power.

Mark 9:2

What happened to Jesus when Peter, James, and John went up a high mountain with him?

Jesus was transfigured and his garments became radiantly brilliant.

Mark 9:3

What happened to Jesus when Peter, James, and John went up a high mountain with him?

Jesus was transfigured and his garments became radiantly brilliant.

Mark 9:4

Who was talking with Jesus on the mountain?

Elijah and Moses were talking with Jesus.

Mark 9:7

On the mountain, what did the voice from the cloud say?

The voice said, "This is my beloved Son. Listen to him".

Mark 9:9

What did Jesus command the disciples about what they had seen on the mountain?

Jesus commanded them to tell no one what they had seen, until the Son of Man had risen from the dead.

Mark 9:11

What did Jesus say about Elijah's coming?

Jesus said that Elijah does come first to restore all things, and that Elijah had already come.

Mark 9:12

What did Jesus say about Elijah's coming?

Jesus said that Elijah does come first to restore all things, and that Elijah had already come.

Mark 9:13

What did Jesus say about Elijah's coming?

Jesus said that Elijah does come first to restore all things, and that Elijah had already come.

Mark 9:17

What were the disciples unable to do for the father and his son?

The disciples were unable to drive out the evil spirit from the father's son.

Mark 9:18

What were the disciples unable to do for the father and his son?

The disciples were unable to drive out the evil spirit from the father's son.

Mark 9:22

Into what did the evil spirit throw the boy to try to destroy him?

The evil spirit threw the boy into the fire or into the waters to try to destroy him.

Mark 9:23

How did the father respond when Jesus said all things are possible for the one who believes?

The father responded, "I believe! Help my unbelief!"

Mark 9:24

How did the father respond when Jesus said all things are possible for the one who believes?

The father responded, "I believe! Help my unbelief!"

Mark 9:28

Why were the disciples unable to cast out the mute and deaf spirit in the boy?

The disciples were unable to cast out the spirit because it could not be cast out except by prayer.

Mark 9:29

Why were the disciples unable to cast out the mute and deaf spirit in the boy?

The disciples were unable to cast out the spirit because it could not be cast out except by prayer.

Mark 9:31

What did Jesus tell his disciples would happen to him?

Jesus told them he would be put to death, then after three days he would rise again.

Mark 9:33

What were the disciples arguing about along the way?

The disciples were arguing about who among them was the greatest.

Mark 9:34

What were the disciples arguing about along the way?

The disciples were arguing about who among them was the greatest.

Mark 9:35

Who did Jesus say is first?

Jesus said that he is first who is servant of all.

Mark 9:36

When someone receives a little child in Jesus' name, who are they also receiving?

When someone receives a little child in Jesus' name, they are also receiving Jesus and the one who sent Jesus.

Mark 9:37

When someone receives a little child in Jesus' name, who are they also receiving?

When someone receives a little child in Jesus' name, they are also receiving Jesus and the one who sent Jesus.

Mark 9:42

What would be better for someone who causes a little one who believes in Jesus to stumble?

It would be better for that one if a millstone were tied around his neck and he was thrown into the sea.

Mark 9:47

What did Jesus say to do with your eye if it causes you to stumble?

Jesus said to tear out your eye if it causes you to stumble.

Mark 9:48

What did Jesus say happens in hell?

Jesus said that in hell the worm does not die, and the fire is not put out.

Chapter 10

Mark 10 General Notes

Structure and formatting

Some translations set quotations from the Old Testament farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text. The ULB does this with the quoted material in 10:7-8.

Special concepts in this chapter

Jesus's teaching about divorce

The Pharisees wanted to find a way to make Jesus say that it is good to break the law of Moses, so they asked him about divorce. Jesus tells how God originally designed marriage to show that the Pharisees taught wrongly about divorce.

Important figures of speech in this chapter

Metaphor

Metaphors are pictures of visible objects that speakers use to explain invisible truths. When Jesus spoke of "the cup which I will drink," he was speaking of the pain he would suffer on the cross as if it were a bitter, poisonous liquid in a cup.

Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter

Paradox

A paradox is a true statement that appears to describe something impossible. Jesus used a paradox when he said, "Whoever wishes to become great among you must be your servant" (Mark 10:43).

Mark 10:1

Connecting Statement:

After Jesus and his disciples leave Capernaum, Jesus reminds the Pharisees, as well as his disciples, what God really expects in marriage and divorce.

Jesus left that place

Jesus's disciples were traveling with him. They were leaving Capernaum. Alternate translation: "Jesus and his disciples left Capernaum"

and to the area beyond the Jordan River

"and to the land on the other side of the Jordan River" or "and to the area east of the Jordan River"

He was teaching them again

The word "them" refers to the crowds.

he was accustomed to do

"was his custom" or "he usually did"

Mark 10:2

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Mark 10:3

What did Moses command you

Moses gave the law to their ancestors, which they now were also supposed to follow. Alternate translation: "What did Moses command your ancestors about this"

Mark 10:4

a certificate of divorce

This was a paper saying that the woman was no longer his wife.

Mark 10:5

"It was because ... this law," Jesus said to them.

In some languages speakers do not interrupt a quote to say who is speaking. Rather they say who is speaking at the beginning or end of the complete quote. Alternate translation: "Jesus said to them, 'It was because ... this law."

because of your hard hearts that he wrote you this law

Long before this time, Moses wrote this law for the Jews and their descendants because they had hard hearts. The Jews of Jesus's time also had hard hearts, so Jesus included them by using the words "your" and "you." Alternate translation: "because your ancestors had hard hearts like yours that he wrote this law"

your hard hearts

Here "hearts" is a metonym for a person's inner being or mind. The phrase "hard hearts" is a metaphor for "stubbornness." Alternate translation: "your stubbornness"

Mark 10:6

God made them

"God made people"

Mark 10:7

Connecting Statement:

Jesus continues to quote what God said in the book of Genesis.

For this reason

"Therefore" or "Because of this"

be united to his wife

"join with his wife"

Mark 10:8

and the two ... one flesh

Jesus finishes quoting what God said in the book of Genesis.

they are no longer two, but one flesh

This is a metaphor to illustrate their close union as husband and wife. Alternate translation: "the two people are like one person" or "they are no longer two, but together they are one body"

Mark 10:9

Therefore what God has joined together, let no man tear apart

The phrase "what God has joined together" refers to any married couple. Alternate translation: "Therefore since God has joined together husband and wife, let no one tear them apart"

Mark 10:10

When they were

"When Jesus and his disciples were"

were in the house

Jesus's disciples were speaking to him privately. Alternate translation: were alone in the house"

asked him again about this

The word "this" refers to the conversation that Jesus had just had with the Pharisees about divorce.

Mark 10:11

Whoever

"Anyone who"

commits adultery against her

Here "her" refers to the first woman he was married to.

Mark 10:12

she commits adultery

In this situation she commits adultery again her previous husband. Alternate translation: "she commits adultery against him" or "she commits adultery against the first man"

Mark 10:13

Connecting Statement:

When the disciples rebuke the people for bringing their little children to Jesus, he blesses the children and reminds the disciples that people must be as humble as a child to enter the kingdom of God.

Then they brought

"Now people were bringing." This is the next event in the story.

he might touch them

This means that Jesus would touch them with his hands and bless them. Alternate translation: "he might touch them with his hands and bless them" or "he might lay his hands on them and bless them"

rebuked them

"rebuked the people"

Mark 10:14

Jesus noticed it

The word "it" refers to the disciples rebuking the people who were bringing the children to Jesus.

was angry

Jesus was angry with the disciples.

Permit the little children to come to me, and do not forbid them

These two clauses have similar meanings, repeated for emphasis. In some languages it is more natural to emphasize this in another way. Alternate translation: "Be sure to allow the little children to come to me"

do not forbid

"allow"

for the kingdom of God belongs to those who are like them

The kingdom belonging to people represents the kingdom including them. Alternate translation: "the kingdom of God includes people who are like them" or "because only people like them are members of the kingdom of God"

Mark 10:15

whoever will not receive ... child will definitely not enter it

"if anyone will not recieve ... child, he will definitely not enter it"

as a little child

Jesus is comparing how people must receive the kingdom of God to how little children would receive it. Alternate translation: "in the same manner as a little child would"

will not receive the kingdom of God

"will not accept God as their king"

definitely not enter it

The word "it" refers to the kingdom of God.

Mark 10:16

he took the children into his arms

"he hugged the children"

Mark 10:17

to inherit eternal life

Here the man speaks of "receiving" as if it were "inheriting." This metaphor is used to emphasize the importance of receiving. Also, "inherit" here does not mean that someone has to die first. Alternate translation: to receive eternal life"

Mark 10:18

Why do you call me good?

Jesus asks this question to remind the man that no man is good the way God is good. Alternate translation: "You do not understand what you are saying when you call me good."

No one is good except God alone

This double negative emphasizes that God is the only one who is good. Alternate translation: "The only one who is good is God"

Mark 10:19

do not testify falsely

"do not testify falsely against anyone" or "do not lie about someone in court"

Mark 10:20

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Mark 10:21

One thing you lack

"There is one thing you are missing." Here "lack" is a metaphor for needing to do something. Alternate translation: "One thing you need to do" or "There is one thing you have not yet done" or

give it to the poor

Here the word "it" refers to the things he sells and is a metonym for the money he receives when he sells them. Alternate translation: "give the money to the poor"

the poor

This refers to poor people. Alternate translation: "poor people"

treasure

wealth, valuable things

Mark 10:22

had many possessions

"owned many things"

Mark 10:23

How difficult it is

"It is very difficult"

Mark 10:24

Jesus said to them again

"Jesus said to his disciples again"

Children, how

"My children, how." Jesus is teaching them as a father would teach his children. Alternate translation: "My friends, how"

how hard it is

"it is very hard"

Mark 10:25

It is easier for a camel ... kingdom of God

It is impossible for a camel to go through the eye of a needle. Jesus uses an exaggeration to emphasize how very difficult it is for rich people to get into the kingdom of God.

It is easier for a camel

This speaks of an impossible situation. If you cannot state this in this way in your language, you can use the word "would." Alternate translation: "It would be easier for a camel"

the eye of a needle

Here "the eye" refers to the small hole in one end of a sewing needle. The thread goes through this hole and ties to the needle. Alternate translation: "the hole of a needle"

Mark 10:26

They were

"The disciples were"

Then who can be saved?

This can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: "If that is so, then no one will be saved!"

Mark 10:27

With people it is impossible, but not with God

The understood information may be supplied. Alternate translation: "It is impossible for people to save themselves, but God can save them"

Mark 10:28

Look, we have left everything and have followed you

Here the word "Look" is used to draw attention to the words that come next. Similar emphasis can be expressed in other ways. Alternate translation: "We have left everything and have followed you"

have left everything

"have left everything behind"

Mark 10:29

Truly I say to you, there is no one

This sentence ends in verse 30. It can be stated in positive form. If so, in verse 30, "who will not receive" would become "will receive." Alternate translation: "Truly I say to you, everyone"

or lands

"or plots of ground" or "or the land that he owns"

for my sake

"for my cause" or "for me"

for the gospel

"to proclaim the gospel"

Mark 10:30

who will not receive

This sentence began in verse 29. If you the sentence was stated in positive form in verse 29, verse 30 would be changed to positive form also. Alternate translation: "will receive"

this age

"the world as you know it" or "this present age"

brothers and sisters and mothers and children

Like the list in verse 29, this describes the family in general. The word "fathers" is missing in verse 30, but it does not significantly change the meaning.

with persecutions, and in the world to come, eternal life

This can be reworded so that the ideas in the abstract noun "persecution" are expressed with the verb "persecute." Because the sentence is so long and complicated, "will receive" can be repeated. Alternate translation: "and even though people persecute them, in the world to come, they will receive eternal life"

in the world to come

"in the future world" or "in the future

Mark 10:31

are first will be last, and the last first

Here the words "first" and "last" are opposites of one another. Jesus speaks of being the "important" as being "first" and of being the "unimportant" as being "last." Alternate translation: "are important will be unimportant, and those who are unimportant will be important"

the last first

The phrase "the last" refers to people who are "last." Also, the understood verb in this clause may be supplied. Alternate translation: "those who are last will be first"

Mark 10:32

They were on the road ... and Jesus was going ahead of them

"Jesus and his disciples were walking on the road ... and Jesus was in front of his disciples"

those who were following behind

"those who were following behind them." Some people were walking behind Jesus and his disciples.

Mark 10:33

See

"Look" or "Listen" or "Pay attention to what I am about to tell you"

the Son of Man will

Jesus is speaking about himself. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: "I, the Son of Man, will"

the Son of Man will be given over to

The words "given over" mean "betrayed" or "put into the power of." This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "someone will hand the Son of Man to" or "they will hand the Son of Man over to"

They will condemn

The word "They" refers to the chief priests and the scribes.

give him over to the Gentiles

"betray him to the Gentiles" or "put him under the control of the Gentiles"

Mark 10:34

They will mock

"People will mock"

put him to death

"kill him"

he will rise

This refers to rising from the dead. Alternate translation: "he will rise from being dead"

Mark 10:35

we ... us

These words refer only to James and John.

Mark 10:36

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Mark 10:37

in your glory

"when you are glorified." The phrase "in your glory" refers to when Jesus is glorified and rules over his kingdom. Alternate translation: "when you rule in your kingdom"

Mark 10:38

You do not know

"You do not understand"

drink the cup which I will drink

Here "cup" refers to what Jesus must suffer. Suffering is often referred to as drinking from a cup. Alternate translation: "drink the cup of suffering that I will drink" or "drink from the cup of suffering that I will drink from"

be baptized with the baptism with which I will be baptized

Here "baptism" and being baptized represent suffering. Just as water covers a person during baptism, suffering will overwhelm Jesus. Alternate translation: "endure the baptism of suffering which I will suffer"

Mark 10:39

We are able

They respond this way, meaning that they are able to drink the same cup and endure the same baptism.

you will drink

"you will drink as well"

Mark 10:40

But who is to sit at my right hand or at my left hand is not mine to give

"But I am not the one who allows people to sit at my right hand or my left hand"

but it is for those for whom it has been prepared

"but those places are for those for whom they have been prepared." The word "it" refers to the places to his right hand and to his left hand.

it has been prepared

This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "God has prepared it" or "God has prepared them"

Mark 10:41

heard about this

The word "this" refers to James and John asking to sit at Jesus's right and left hands.

Mark 10:42

Jesus called them

"Jesus called his disciples"

those who are considered rulers of the Gentiles

This can be stated in active form. Possible meanings are 1) people in general consider these people the rulers of the Gentiles. Alternate translation: "those whom people consider to be the rulers of the Gentiles" or 2) the Gentiles consider these people their rulers. Alternate translation: "those whom the Gentiles think of as their rulers"

dominate

have control or power over

exercise authority

"flaunt their authority." This means that they show or use their authority in an overbearing way.

Mark 10:43

But it is not this way among you

This refers back to the previous verse about the Gentile rulers. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: "But do not be like them"

become great

"be highly respected"

Mark 10:44

to be first

This is a metaphor for being the most important. Alternate translation: "to be the most important"

Mark 10:45

For the Son of Man did not come to be served

This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: "For the Son of Man did not come to have people serve him"

to be served, but to serve

"to be served by people, but to serve people"

for many

"for many people"

Mark 10:46

Connecting Statement:

As Jesus and his disciples continue walking toward Jerusalem, Jesus heals blind Bartimaeus, who then walks with them.

the son of Timaeus, Bartimaeus, a blind beggar

"a blind beggar named Bartimaeus, the son of Timaeus." Bartimaeus is the name of a man. Timaeus is his father's name.

Mark 10:47

When he heard that it was Jesus

Bartimaeus heard people saying that it was Jesus. Alternate translation: "When he heard people saying that it was Jesus"

Son of David

Jesus is called the Son of David because he is a descendant of King David. Alternate translation: "You who are the Messiah descended from King David"

Mark 10:48

Many rebuked

"Many people rebuked"

all the more

"even more"

Mark 10:49

commanded him to be called.

This can be translated in active form or as as a direct quote. Alternate translation: "commanded others to call him." or "commanded them, 'Call him to come over here.'"

They called

The word "They" refers to the crowd.

Be brave

"Have courage" or "Do not be afraid"

He is calling for you

"Jesus is calling for you"

Mark 10:50

sprang up

"jumped up"

Mark 10:51

answered him

"answered the blind man"

to receive my sight

"to be able to see"

Mark 10:52

Your faith has healed you

This phrase is written this way to place emphasis on the man's faith. Jesus heals the man because he believes that Jesus can heal him. This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: "I am healing you because you have believed in me"

he followed him

"he followed Jesus"

ULB Translation Questions

Mark 10:2

What question did the Pharisees ask Jesus in order to test him?

The Pharisees asked Jesus if it was lawful for a husband to divorce his wife.

Mark 10:4

What commandment had Moses given the Jews concerning divorce?

Moses had allowed a man to write a certificate of divorce and then send his wife away.

Mark 10:5

Why had Moses given the Jews this commandment concerning divorce?

Moses had given this commandment to the Jews because of their hard hearts.

Mark 10:6

To what event in history did Jesus refer when telling the Pharisees about God's original design for marriage?

Jesus referred to the creation of male and female at the beginning when telling about God's original design for marriage.

Mark 10:7

What did Jesus say the two people, the man and his wife, become when they are married?

Jesus said that the two become one flesh.

Mark 10:8

What did Jesus say the two people, the man and his wife, become when they are married?

Jesus said that the two become one flesh.

Mark 10:9

What did Jesus say about what God joins together in marriage?

Jesus said that what God joins together, let no man tear apart.

Mark 10:13

What was Jesus' reaction when the disciples rebuked those bringing little children to him?

Jesus was angry with the disciples and told them to permit the little children to come to him.

Mark 10:14

What was Jesus' reaction when the disciples rebuked those bringing little children to him?

Jesus was angry with the disciples and told them to permit the little children to come to him.

Mark 10:15

How did Jesus say the kingdom of God must be received in order to enter it?

Jesus said the kingdom of God must be received as a little child in order to enter it.

Mark 10:19

What did Jesus first tell the man he must do to inherit eternal life?

Jesus told the man he must not kill, not commit adultery, not steal, not testify falsely, not defraud, and must honor his father and mother.

Mark 10:21

What additional commandment did Jesus then give the man?

Jesus then commanded the man to sell all that he had and to follow him.

Mark 10:22

How did the man react when Jesus gave him this commandment, and why?

The man was sorrowful and walked away, for he had many possessions.

Mark 10:23

Who did Jesus say had great difficulty entering the kingdom of God?

Jesus said that the rich had great difficulty entering the kingdom of God.

Mark 10:24

Who did Jesus say had great difficulty entering the kingdom of God?

Jesus said that the rich had great difficulty entering the kingdom of God.

Mark 10:25

Who did Jesus say had great difficulty entering the kingdom of God?

Jesus said that the rich had great difficulty entering the kingdom of God.

Mark 10:26

How did Jesus say even a rich person could be saved?

Jesus said that with people it is impossible, but with God all things are possible.

Mark 10:27

How did Jesus say even a rich person could be saved?

Jesus said that with people it is impossible, but with God all things are possible.

Mark 10:29

What did Jesus say anyone would receive who had left house, family, and lands for Jesus' sake?

Jesus said they would receive a hundred times as much in this world, with persecutions, and eternal life in the world to come.

Mark 10:30

What did Jesus say anyone would receive who had left house, family, and lands for Jesus' sake?

Jesus said they would receive a hundred times as much in this world, with persecutions, and eternal life in the world to come.

Mark 10:32

On what road were Jesus and the disciples traveling?

Jesus and the disciples were traveling on the road going up to Jerusalem.

Mark 10:33

What did Jesus tell his disciples would happen to him in Jerusalem?

Jesus told his disciples that he would be condemned to death, and after three days he would rise.

Mark 10:34

What did Jesus tell his disciples would happen to him in Jerusalem?

Jesus told his disciples that he would be condemned to death, and after three days he would rise.

Mark 10:35

What request did James and John make to Jesus?

James and John requested to sit on Jesus' right and left hand with him in glory.

Mark 10:36

What request did James and John make to Jesus?

James and John requested to sit on Jesus' right and left hand with him in glory.

Mark 10:37

What request did James and John make to Jesus?

James and John requested to sit on Jesus' right and left hand with him in glory.

Mark 10:39

What did Jesus say that James and John would endure?

Jesus said that James and John would endure the cup Jesus would drink, and the baptism with which Jesus would be baptized.

Mark 10:40

Did Jesus grant the request of James and John?

No, Jesus said that the seats at his right and left hand were not his to give.

Mark 10:42

How did Jesus say the rulers of the Gentiles treat their subjects?

Jesus said that the rulers of the Gentiles dominate their subjects.

Mark 10:43

How did Jesus say those who wish to be great among the disciples must live?

Jesus said those who wish to be great among the disciples must be servant of all.

Mark 10:44

How did Jesus say those who wish to be great among the disciples must live?

Jesus said those who wish to be great among the disciples must be servant of all.

Mark 10:48

What did the blind man Bartimaeus do when many rebuked him, telling him to be quiet?

Bartimaeus cried out all the more, "Son of David, have mercy on me!"

Mark 10:52

What did Jesus say had healed Bartimaeus of his blindness?

Jesus said that Bartimaeus' faith had healed him.

Chapter 11

Mark 11 General Notes

Structure and formatting

Some translations set poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to show that it is poetry. The ULB does this with the poetry in 11:9-10, 17, which is from the Old Testament.

Special concepts in this chapter

The donkey and the colt

Jesus rode into Jerusalem on an animal. In this way he was like a king who came into a city after he had won an important battle. Also, the kings of Israel in the Old Testament rode on a donkeys. Other kings rode on horses. So Jesus was showing that he was the king of Israel and that he was not like other kings.

Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John all wrote about this event. Matthew and Mark wrote that the disciples brought Jesus a donkey. John wrote that Jesus found a donkey. Luke wrote that they brought him a colt. Only Matthew wrote that there were both a donkey had a colt. No one knows for sure whether Jesus rode the donkey or the colt. It is best to translate each of these accounts as it appears in the ULB without trying to make them all say exactly the same thing. (See: Matthew 21:1-7 and Mark 11:1-7 and Luke 19:29-36 and John 12:14-15)

Mark 11:1

Now as they came to Jerusalem, they were close to Bethphage and Bethany at the Mount of Olives

"When Jesus and his disciples came near to Jerusalem, they came to Bethphage and Bethany, near the Mount of Olives" They have come to Bethphage and Bethany in the vicinity of Jerusalem.

Bethphage

This is the name of a village.

Mark 11:2

opposite us

"ahead of us"

a colt

This refers to a young donkey that is large enough to carry a man.

that has never been ridden

This can be written in active form. Alternate translation: "that no one has ever ridden"

Mark 11:3

Why are you doing this

It can be written clearly what the word "this" refers to. Alternate translation: "Why are you untying and taking the colt"

has need of it

"needs it"

will immediately send it back here

Jesus will send it back promptly when he is finished using it. Alternate translation: "will immediately send it back when he no longer needs it"

Mark 11:4

They went

"The two disciples went"

colt

This refers to a young donkey that is large enough to carry a man. See how you translated this in Mark 11:2.

Mark 11:5

What are you doing, untying that colt?

The people wanted to know why the two men were untying the colt. They may have been concerned that the two men were doing something they should not have been doing. Alternate translation: "Why are you untying that colt?"

Mark 11:6

They spoke

"They responded"

as Jesus told them

"as Jesus had told them to respond." This refers to how Jesus had told them to respond to people's questions about taking the colt.

let them go their way

This means that they allowed them to continue doing what they were doing. Alternate translation: "let them take the donkey with them"

Mark 11:7

They brought the colt to Jesus

The word "They" refers to the two disciples.

threw their cloaks on it, and he sat on it

"laid their cloaks on its back and Jesus sat on it." It is easier to ride a colt or a horse when there is a blanket or something similar on its back. In this case, the disciples put their cloaks on it.

cloaks

"coats" or "robes"

Mark 11:8

Many people spread their garments on the road

It was a tradition to lay garments on the road in front of important people to honor them. This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: "Many people spread their garments on the road to honor him"

others spread branches they had cut from the fields

It was a tradition to lay palm branches on the road in front of important people to honor them. Alternate translation: "others spread on the road branches that they had cut from the fields to honor him"

Mark 11:9

who followed

"who followed him"

Hosanna

This word means "save us," but people also shouted it joyfully when they wanted to praise God. You can translate it according to how it was used, or you can write "Hosanna" using your language's way of spelling that word. Alternate translation: "Praise God"

Blessed is the one

This is referring to Jesus. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: "Blessed are you, the one"

in the name of the Lord

This is a metonym for the Lord's authority. Alternate translation: "with the authority of the Lord"

Blessed is

"May God bless"

Mark 11:10

Blessed is the coming kingdom of our father David

"Blessed is our father David's coming kingdom." This refers to Jesus coming and ruling as king. The word "blessed" can be translated as an active verb. Alternate translation: "Blessed be the coming of your kingdom" or "May God bless you as you rule your coming kingdom"

of our father David

Here David's descendant who will rule is referred to as David himself. Alternate translation: "of the greatest descendant of our father David" or "that David's greatest descendant will rule"

Hosanna in the highest

Possible meanings are 1) "Praise God who is in heaven" or 2) "Let those who are in heaven shout 'Hosanna'."

the highest

Here heaven is spoken of as "the highest." Alternate translation: "the highest heaven" or "heaven"

Mark 11:11

the time being late

"because it was late in the day"

he went out to Bethany with the twelve

"he and his twelve disciples left Jerusalem and went to Bethany"

Mark 11:12

he was hungry

"Jesus was hungry"

Mark 11:13

Connecting Statement:

This happens while Jesus and his disciples are walking to Jerusalem.

if he could find any fruit on it

"if there was any fruit on it"

he found nothing but leaves

This means that he did not find any figs. Alternate translation: "he found only leaves and no figs on the tree"

the season

"the time of year"

Mark 11:14

He spoke to it, "No one will ever eat fruit from you again

Jesus speaks to the fig tree and curses it. He speaks to it so that his disciples hear him.

He spoke to it

"He spoke to the tree"

his disciples heard it

The word "it" refers to Jesus speaking to the fig tree.

Mark 11:15

They came

"Jesus and his disciples came"

began to cast out the sellers and the buyers in the temple

Jesus is driving these people out of the temple. This can be written clearly. Alternate translation: "began to drive the sellers and buyers out of the temple"

the sellers and the buyers

"the people who were buying and selling"

Mark 11:16

to carry anything through the temple that could be sold

"to carry anything that could be sold through the temple"

Mark 11:17

General Information:

God had said earlier in his word, through the prophet Isaiah, that his temple would be a house of prayer for all the nations.

Is it not written, 'My house will be called ... the nations'?

Jesus is rebuking the Jewish leaders for their misuse of the temple. This can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: "It is written in the scriptures that God said, 'I want my house to be called a house where people from all nations may pray.'"

But you have made it a den of robbers

Jesus compares the people to robbers and the temple to a robbers' den. Alternate translation: "But you are like robbers who have made my house into a robbers' den"

a den of robbers

"a cave where robbers hide"

Mark 11:18

they looked for a way

"they sought a way" or "they tried to find a way"

to destroy him

"to kill him"

Mark 11:19

When evening came

"In the evening"

they left the city

"Jesus and his disciples left the city"

Mark 11:20

Connecting Statement:

Jesus uses the example of the fig tree to remind the disciples to have faith in God.

walked by

"were walking along the road"

they saw the fig tree withered away to its roots

Translate this statement to clarify that the tree died. Alternate translation: "they saw that the fig tree had withered away down to its roots and died"

withered away

"dried up"

Mark 11:21

Peter remembered

It may be helpful to state what Peter remembered. Alternate translation: "Peter remembered what Jesus had said to the fig tree"

Mark 11:22

Jesus answered them

"Jesus replied to his disciples"

Mark 11:23

Truly I say to you

"I tell you the truth." This phrase adds emphasis to what Jesus says next.

if he does not doubt in his heart but believes

Here "heart" is a metonym for a person's mind or inner being. Alternate translation: "if he truly believes in his heart" or "if he does not doubt but believes"

God will do

"God will make happen"

Mark 11:24

Therefore I say to you

"So I tell you"

it will be yours

It is understood that this will happen because God will provide what you ask for. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: "God will give it to you"

Mark 11:25

When you stand and pray

It is common in Hebrew culture to stand when praying to God. Alternate translation: "When you pray"

whatever you have against anyone

"whatever grudge you have against anyone." Here the word "whatever" refers to any grudge you hold against someone for sinning against you or any anger you have against someone.

Mark 11:26

General Information:

This page has intentionally been left blank.

Mark 11:27

Connecting Statement:

The next day when Jesus returns to temple, he gives the chief priests, scribes, and elders an answer to their question about his casting the money changers out of the temple area, by asking them a question that they were not willing to answer.

They came to

"Jesus and his disciples came to"

Jesus was walking in the temple

This means that Jesus was walking around inside of the temple; he was not walking into the temple.

Mark 11:28

They said to him

The word "They" refers to the chief priests, the scribes, and the elders.

By what authority do you do these things, and who gave you the authority to do them?

Possible meanings: 1) Both of these questions have the same meaning and are asked together to strongly question Jesus's authority and so can be combined. Alternate translation: "Who gave you authority to do these things?" 2) They are two separate questions, the first asking about the nature of the authority and the second about who gave it to him.

you do these things

The words "these things" refer to Jesus turning over the sellers' tables in the temple and speaking against what the chief priests and scribes taught. Alternate translation: "things like those you did here yesterday"

Mark 11:29

Tell me

"Answer me"

Mark 11:30

The baptism of John

"The baptism that John performed"

was it from heaven or from men

"was it authorized by heaven or by men"

from heaven

Here "heaven" refers to God. Alternate translation: "from God"

from men

"from people"

Mark 11:31

If we say, 'From heaven,'

This refers to the source of the baptism of John. Alternate translation: "If we say, 'It was from heaven,'"

From heaven

Here "heaven" refers to God. See how you translated this in [Mark 11:30]

not believe him

The word "him" refers to John the Baptist.

Mark 11:32

But if we say, 'From men,'

The religious leaders imply that they will suffer from the people if they give this answer. This refers to the source of the baptism of John. Alternate translation: "But if we say, 'The baptism of John was from men,'" or "But if we say, 'From men,' that would not be good." or "But we do not want to say that it was from men."

From men

"It came from a person"

They were afraid of the people

The author, Mark, explains why the religious leaders did not want to say that John's baptism was from men. This can be stated clearly. "They said this to each other because they were afraid of the people" or "They did not want to say that John's baptism was from men because they were afraid of the people"

Mark 11:33

We do not know

This refers to the baptism of John. This understood information may be supplied. Alternate translation: "We do not know where the baptism of John came from"

ULB Translation Questions

Mark 11:2

What did Jesus send two of his disciples to do in the village opposite them?

Jesus sent them to bring a colt to him that had never been ridden.

Mark 11:5

What happened when the disciples untied the colt?

Some people asked the disciples what they were doing, so they spoke to the people as Jesus told them, and the people let them go their way.

Mark 11:6

What happened when the disciples untied the colt?

Some people asked the disciples what they were doing, so they spoke to the people as Jesus told them, and the people let them go their way.

Mark 11:8

What did the people spread on the road as Jesus rode on the colt?

The people spread their garments, and branches they had cut from the fields.

Mark 11:10

What coming kingdom were the people shouting about as Jesus rode toward Jerusalem?

The people were shouting that the kingdom of their father David was coming.

Mark 11:11

What did Jesus do when he entered the temple area?

Jesus looked around and then went out to Bethany.

Mark 11:14

What did Jesus do when he saw the fig tree with no fruit on it?

Jesus said to the fig tree, "No one will ever eat fruit from you".

Mark 11:15

What did Jesus do when he entered the temple area this time?

Jesus cast out the sellers and purchasers, and would not allow anyone to carry merchandise through the temple.

Mark 11:16

What did Jesus do when he entered the temple area this time?

Jesus cast out the sellers and purchasers, and would not allow anyone to carry merchandise through the temple.

Mark 11:17

What did Jesus say the temple was supposed to be, according to Scripture?

Jesus said that the temple was supposed to be a house of prayer for all the nations.

What did Jesus say the chief priests and scribes had made the temple?

Jesus said they had made the temple a den of robbers.

Mark 11:18

What were the chief priests and scribes trying to do to Jesus?

The chief priests and scribes were trying to kill Jesus.

Mark 11:20

What happened to the fig tree to which Jesus had spoken?

The fig tree to which Jesus had spoken withered away to its roots.

Mark 11:24

What did Jesus say about everything we ask for in prayer?

Jesus said that everything we ask for in prayer, believe that we have received it, and it will be ours.

Mark 11:25

What did Jesus say we must do so that the Father in heaven will also forgive you?

Jesus said we must forgive whatever we have against anyone, so that the Father will also forgive us.

Mark 11:27

In the temple, what did the chief priests, scribes, and elders want to know from Jesus?

They wanted to know by what authority he did the things he was doing.

Mark 11:28

In the temple, what did the chief priests, scribes, and elders want to know from Jesus?

They wanted to know by what authority he did the things he was doing.

Mark 11:30

What question did Jesus ask the chief priests, scribes, and elders?

Jesus asked them if John's baptism was from heaven or from men.

Mark 11:31

Why did the chief priests, scribes, and elders not want to answer that John's baptism was from heaven?

They did not want to give this answer because Jesus would ask why they didn't believe John.

Mark 11:32

Why did the chief priests, scribes, and elders not want to answer that John's baptism was from men?

They did not want to give this answer because they feared the people, who all believed that John was a prophet.

Chapter 12

Mark 12 General Notes

Structure and formatting

Some translations set poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to show that it is poetry. The ULB does this with the poetry in 12:10-11, 36, which is from the Old Testament.

Mark 12:1

Connecting Statement:

Jesus speaks this parable against the chief priests, the scribes, and the elders.

Then Jesus began to teach them

The word "them" here refers to the chief priests, the scribes, and the elders to whom Jesus had been talking in the previous chapter.

put a hedge around it

He put a barrier around the vineyard. It could have been a row of shrubs, a fence, or a stone wall.

dug a pit for a winepress

This means that he carved a pit on the rock, which would be the bottom part of the winepress used for collecting the squeezed grape juice. Alternate translation: "carved a pit into rock for the winepress" or "he made a vat to collect the juice from the winepress"

leased the vineyard to vine growers

The owner still owned the vineyard, but he allowed the vine growers to take care of it. When the grapes became ripe, they were to give some of them to the owner and keep the rest.

Mark 12:2

At the right time

This refers to the time of harvest. This can be made clear. Alternate translation: "When the time came to harvest the grapes"

Mark 12:3

But they took him

"But the vine growers took the servant"

empty-handed

This means that they did not give him any of the fruit. Alternate translation: "without any grapes"

Mark 12:4

he sent to them

"the owner of the vineyard sent to the vine growers"

they wounded him in the head

This can be written more clearly. Alternate translation: "they beat that one on the head, and they hurt him terribly"

Mark 12:5

yet another ... many others

These phrases refer to other servants. Alternate translation: "yet another servant ... many other servants"

They treated many others in the same way

This refers to servants that the owner sent. The phrase "in the same way" refers to them being mistreated. This can be written clearly. Alternate translation: "They also mistreated many other servants whom he sent"

Mark 12:6

a beloved son

It is implied that this is the owner's son. Alternate translation: "his beloved son"

Mark 12:7

the heir

This is the owner's heir, who would inherit the vineyard after his father died. Alternate translation: "the owner's heir"

the inheritance

The tenants are referring to the vineyard as "the inheritance." Alternate translation: "this vineyard"

Mark 12:8

They seized him

"The vine growers seized the son"

Mark 12:9

Therefore, what will the owner of the vineyard do?

Jesus asks a question and then gives the answer to teach the people. The question may be written as a statement. Alternate translation: "So I will tell you what the owner of the vineyard will do."

Therefore

Jesus has finished telling the parable and is now asking the people what they think will happen next.

destroy

kill

will give the vineyard to others

The word "others" refers to other vine growers who will care for the vineyard. Alternate translation: "he will give the vineyard to vine growers to care for it"

Mark 12:10

General Information:

This scripture was written long before in God's word.

Have you not read this scripture?

Jesus reminds the people of a scripture passage. He uses a rhetorical question here to rebuke them. This can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: "Surely you have read this scripture." or "You should remember this scripture."

has been made the cornerstone

This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "the Lord made into the cornerstone"

Mark 12:11

This was from the Lord

"The Lord has done this"

it is marvelous in our eyes

Here "in our eyes" stands for seeing, which is a metaphor for the people's opinion. Alternate translation: "we have seen it and think that it is marvelous" or "we think that it is wonderful"

Mark 12:12

sought a way

"wanted to find a way"

they were afraid of the crowd

They were afraid of what the crowd would do to them if they arrested Jesus. This can be made clear. Alternate translation: "but they feared what the crowd would do if they arrested him"

against them

"to accuse them"

Mark 12:13

Connecting Statement:

In an effort to trap Jesus, some of the Pharisees and Herodians, and then the Sadducees, come to Jesus with questions.

Then they sent

"Then the Jewish leaders sent"

the Herodians

This was the name of an informal political party that supported Herod Antipas.

to trap him

Here the author describes tricking Jesus as trying to "trap him." Alternate translation: "to trick him"

Mark 12:14

When they came, they said

Here "they" refers to those sent from among the Pharisees and the Herodians.

what people think is not a concern to you

The abstract noun "concern" may be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: "you are not concerned about what people think of you" or "you do not try to win people's favor"

you do not show partiality to anyone

"you do not judge people by how they look" or "you judge people by what is in their hearts"

Mark 12:15

Jesus knew their hypocrisy

They were acting hypocritically. This can be explained more clearly. Alternate translation: "Jesus knew that they did not really want to know what God wanted them to do"

Why do you test me?

Jesus rebukes the Jewish leaders because they were trying to trick him. This can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: "I know you are trying to make me say something wrong so you can accuse me."

denarius

This coin was worth a day's wages.

Mark 12:16

They brought one

"The Pharisees and the Herodians brought a denarius"

likeness and inscription

"picture and name"

They said, "Caesar's

Here "Caesar's" refers to his likeness and inscription. Alternate translation: "They said, 'They are Caesar's likeness and inscription"

Mark 12:17

Give to Caesar the things that are Caesar's

Jesus is teaching that his people must respect the government by paying taxes. This figure of speech can be clarified by changing Caesar to Roman government. Alternate translation: "Give to the Roman government the things that belong to the Roman government"

and to God

The understood verb may be supplied. Alternate translation: "and give to God"

They marveled at him

They were amazed at what Jesus had said. This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: "They marveled at him and at what he had said"

Mark 12:18

who say there is no resurrection

This phrase explains who the Sadducees were. This can be written more clearly. Alternate translation: "who say there is no resurrection from the dead"

Mark 12:19

Moses wrote for us, 'If a man's brother dies ... brother.'

The Sadducees are quoting what Moses had written in the law. Moses's quote can be expressed as an indirect quote. Alternate translation: "Moses wrote for us that if a man's brother dies ... brother."

wrote for us

"wrote for us Jews." The Sadducees were a group of Jews. Here they use the word "us" to refer to themselves and all Jews.

the man should take the brother's wife

"the man should marry his brother's wife"

raise up children for his brother

"have a son for his brother." The man's first son would be considered to be the dead brother's son, and the son's descendants would be considered to be the dead brother's descendants. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: "have a son who will be considered to be the dead brother's son"

Mark 12:20

There were seven brothers

The Sadducees tell Jesus a story because they want to ask him a question about it to test him. The story is not about things that really happened. Alternate translation: "Suppose there were seven brothers"

the first

the first brother

the first took a wife

"the first brother married a woman." Here marrying a woman is spoken of as "taking" her.

Mark 12:21

the second ... the third

These numbers refer to each of the brothers and can be expressed as such. Alternate translation: "the second brother ... the third brother"

the second took her

"the second married her." Here marrying a woman is spoken of as "taking" her.

the third in the same way

"the third brother married her as his other bothers had done, and he also died leaving no children"

Mark 12:22

The seven

This refers to all the brothers. Alternate translation: "The seven brothers"

The seven left no children

Each of the brothers married the woman and then died before he had any children with her. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: "Eventually all seven brothers married that woman one by one, but none of them had any children with her, and one by one they died"

Mark 12:23

In the resurrection, when they rise again, whose wife will she be?

The Sadducees are testing Jesus by asking this question. If your readers can only understand this as a request for information, this can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: "Now tell us whose wife she will be in the resurrection, when they all rise again."

Mark 12:24

Is this not the reason you are mistaken, because ... power of God?

Jesus rebukes the Sadducees because they are mistaken about God's law. This may be written as a statement. Alternate translation: "You are mistaken because ... power of God."

you do not know the scriptures

This means that they do not understand what is written in the Old Testament scriptures.

the power of God

"how powerful God is"

Mark 12:25

For when they rise

Here the word "they" refers to the brothers and the woman from the example.

rise

Waking and getting up from sleep is a metaphor for becoming alive after having been dead.

from the dead

The expression "the dead" describes all dead people together in the underworld. To rise from among them speaks of becoming alive again. Alternate translation: "from among all those who have died"

they neither marry nor are given in marriage

"they do not marry, and they are not given in marriage"

nor are given in marriage

This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "and no one gives them in marriage"

heaven

This refers to the place where God lives.

Mark 12:26

that are raised

This can be expressed with an active verb. Alternate translation: "who rise" or "who rise to live again"

the book of Moses

"the book that Moses wrote"

the account about the bush

This refers to the part of the book of Moses that tells about when God spoke to Moses out of a bush that was burning but that did not burn up. Alternate translation: "the passage about the burning bush" or "the words about the fiery bush"

the bush

This refers to a shrub, a woody plant that is smaller than a tree.

how God spoke to him

"about when God spoke to Moses"

I am the God of Abraham ... Isaac ... Jacob

This means that Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob worship God. These men have died physically, but they are still alive spiritually and still worship God.

Mark 12:27

not the God of the dead, but of the living

Here "the dead" refers to people who are dead, and "the living" refers to people who are alive. Also, the words "the God" can be stated clearly in the second phrase. Alternate translation: "not the God of dead people, but the God of living people"

the living

This includes people who are alive physically and spiritually.

You are quite mistaken

It may be helpful to state what they are mistaken about. Alternate translation: "When you say that dead people do not rise again, you are quite mistaken"

quite mistaken

"completely mistaken" or "very wrong"

Mark 12:28

He asked him

"The scribe asked Jesus"

Mark 12:29

The most important is

"The most important" refers to the most important commandment. Alternate translation: "The most important commandment is"

Hear, Israel, the Lord our God, the Lord is one

"Listen, O Israel! The Lord our God is one Lord"

Mark 12:30

with all your heart, with all your soul, with all your mind, and with all your strength

Here "heart" and "soul" are metonyms for a person's inner being. These four phrases are used together to mean "completely" or "earnestly."

Mark 12:31

love your neighbor as yourself

Jesus uses this simile to compare how people are to love each other with the same love as they love themselves. Alternate translation: "love your neighbor as much as you love yourself"

than these

Here the word "these" refers to the two commandments that Jesus had just told the people.

Mark 12:32

Good, Teacher

"Good answer, Teacher" or "Well said, Teacher"

God is one

This means that there is only one God. Alternate translation: "there is only one God"

that there is no other

The word "God" is understood from the previous phrase. Alternate translation: "that there is no other God"

Mark 12:33

with all the heart ... all the understanding ... all the strength

Here "heart" is a metonym for person's thoughts, feelings, or inner being. These three phrases are used together to mean "completely" or "earnestly."

to love one's neighbor as oneself

This simile compares how people are to love each other with the same love that they love themselves. Alternate translation: "to love your neighbor as much as you love yourself"

is even more than

This idiom means that something is more important than something else. In this case, these two commandments are more pleasing to God that burnt offering and sacrifices. This may be written clearly. Alternate translation: "is even more important than" or "is even more pleasing to God than"

Mark 12:34

You are not far from the kingdom of God

This can be stated in positive form. Here Jesus speaks of the man being ready to submit to God as king as being physically close to the kingdom of God, as if it where a physical place. Alternate translation: "You are close to submitting to God as king"

no one dared

This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: "everyone was afraid"

Mark 12:35

While Jesus was teaching in the temple courts, he said

Some time has passed and Jesus is now in the temple. This is not part of the previous conversation. Alternate translation: "Later, while Jesus was teaching in the temple area, he said to the people"

How is it that the scribes say the Christ is the son of David?

Jesus uses this question to get the people to think deeply about the Psalm he is about to quote. This can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: "Consider why the scribes say the Christ is the son of David."

the son of David

"a descendant of David"

Mark 12:36

David himself

This word "himself" refers to David and is used to place emphasis on him and what he said. Alternate translation: "It was David who"

in the Holy Spirit

This means that he was inspired by the Holy Spirit. That is, the Holy Spirit directed David in what he said. Alternate translation: "inspired by the Holy Spirit"

said, 'The Lord said to my Lord

Here David calls God "The Lord" and calls the Christ "my Lord." This can be written more clearly. Alternate translation: "said about the Christ, 'The Lord God said to my Lord"

Sit at my right hand

Jesus is quoting a psalm. Here God is speaking to the Christ. To sit at the "right hand of God" is a symbolic action of receiving great honor and authority from God. Alternate translation: "Sit in the place of honor beside me"

until I put your enemies under your feet

In this quote, God speaks of defeating enemies as putting them under the feet of the victor. Alternate translation: "until I completely defeat your enemies"

Mark 12:37

calls him 'Lord,'

Here the word "him" refers to the Christ.

so how can the Christ be David's son?

This can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: "so consider how the Christ can be a descendant of David"

Mark 12:38

be greeted in the marketplaces

This can be expressed with an active form. These greetings showed that the people respected the scribes. Alternate translation: "to have people greet them respectfully in the marketplaces"

Mark 12:39

the most important seats ... the places of honor

You may want to make explicit that the scribes liked to sit in these places. Alternate translation: "to sit in the most important seats ... to have people seat them in the places of honor"

Mark 12:40

They also devour widows' houses

Here Jesus describes the scribes' cheating of widows and stealing of their houses as "devouring" their houses. Alternate translation: "They also cheat widows in order to steal their houses from them"

widows' houses

The words "widows" and "houses" are synecdoches for helpless people and all of a person's important possessions, respectively. Alternate translation: "everything from helpless people"

These men will receive greater condemnation

This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "God will certainly punish them with greater condemnation" or "God will certainly punish them severely"

will receive greater condemnation

The word "greater" implies a comparison. Here the comparison is to other men who are punished. Alternate translation: "will receive greater condemnation than other people"

Mark 12:41

Connecting Statement:

Still in the temple area, Jesus comments on the value of the widow's offering.

an offering box

This box, which everyone could use, held temple offerings.

Mark 12:42

two mites

"two small copper coins." These were the least valuable coins available.

worth about a penny

"worth very little." A penny is worth very little. Translate "penny" with the name of the smallest coin in your language if you have one that is worth very little.

Mark 12:43

General Information:

In verse 43 Jesus says that the widow put more money in the offering than the rich people put in, and in verse 44 he tells his reason for saying that. The information can be reordered so that Jesus tells his reason first and then says that the widow put in more, as in the UDB.

He called

"Jesus called"

Truly I say to you

This indicates that the statement that follows is especially true and important. See how you translated this in Mark 3:28.

all of them who contributed to

"all the other people who put money into"

Mark 12:44

abundance

much wealth, many valuable things

her poverty

"lack" or "the little she had"

to live on

"to survive on"

ULB Translation Questions

Mark 12:1

After building and leasing the vineyard, what did the owner do?

After building and leasing the vineyard, the owner went away on a journey.

Mark 12:5

What did the vine dressers do to the many servants that the owner sent to receive the fruit of the vineyard?

The vine dressers beat some and killed some of the many servants.

Mark 12:6

Who did the owner send last to the vine dressers?

The owner sent his beloved son last.

Mark 12:8

What did the vine dressers do with the one sent last by the owner?

The vine dressers seized him, killed him, and threw him out of the vineyard.

Mark 12:9

What will the owner of the vineyard do to the vine dressers?

The owner of the vineyard will come and destroy the vine dressers and give the vineyard to others.

Mark 12:10

In the scripture, what happens to the stone which the builders rejected?

The stone which the builders rejected has been made the cornerstone.

Mark 12:14

What question did the Pharisees and some of the Herodians ask Jesus?

They asked him if it was lawful to pay taxes to Caesar or not.

Mark 12:17

How did Jesus answer their question?

Jesus said they should give to Caesar the things that are Caesar's, and to God, the things that are God's.

Mark 12:18

In what did the Sadducees not believe?

The Sadducees did not believe in the resurrection.

Mark 12:22

In the story told by the Sadducees, how many husbands did the woman have?

The woman had seven husbands.

Mark 12:23

What question did the Sadducees ask Jesus about the woman?

They asked which of the men would be the woman's husband in the resurrection.

Mark 12:24

What reason did Jesus give the Sadducees for their error?

Jesus said that the Sadducees did not know the scriptures nor the power of God.

Mark 12:25

What was Jesus' answer to the Sadducees' question about the woman?

Jesus said that in the resurrection, men and women will not marry, but will be like angels.

Mark 12:26

How did Jesus show from the scriptures that there is a resurrection?

Jesus quoted from the book of Moses, where God says that he is the God of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob–all who must then be still alive.

Mark 12:27

How did Jesus show from the scriptures that there is a resurrection?

Jesus quoted from the book of Moses, where God says that he is the God of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob–all who must then be still alive.

Mark 12:29

What commandment did Jesus say is most important?

Jesus said that to love the Lord your God with all your heart, soul, mind, and strength is the most important commandment.

Mark 12:30

What commandment did Jesus say is most important?

Jesus said that to love the Lord your God with all your heart, soul, mind, and strength is the most important commandment.

Mark 12:31

What commandment did Jesus say is second?

Jesus said that to love your neighbor as yourself is the second commandment.

Mark 12:35

What question did Jesus ask the scribes about David?

Jesus asked how David could call the Christ Lord when the Christ is the son of David.

Mark 12:36

What question did Jesus ask the scribes about David?

Jesus asked how David could call the Christ Lord when the Christ is the son of David.

Mark 12:37

What question did Jesus ask the scribes about David?

Jesus asked how David could call the Christ Lord when the Christ is the son of David.

Mark 12:38

What did Jesus tell the people to beware of concerning the scribes?

Jesus said that the scribes desire to be honored by men, but they devour widows' houses, and make long prayers for people to see.

Mark 12:39

What did Jesus tell the people to beware of concerning the scribes?

Jesus said that the scribes desire to be honored by men, but they devour widows' houses, and make long prayers for people to see.

Mark 12:40

What did Jesus tell the people to beware of concerning the scribes?

Jesus said that the scribes desire to be honored by men, but they devour widows' houses, and make long prayers for people to see.

Mark 12:44

Why did Jesus say that the poor widow had put in more than all who contributed to the offering box?

Jesus said she had contributed more because she gave out of her poverty while the others gave out of their abundance.

Chapter 13

Mark 13 General Notes

Structure and formatting

Some translations set poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to show that it is poetry. The ULB does this with the poetry in 13:24-25, which is from the Old Testament.

Special concepts in this chapter

The return of Christ

Jesus said much about what would happen before he returned (Mark 13:6-37). He told his followers that bad things would happen to the world and bad things would happen to them before he returned, but they needed to be ready for him to return at any time.

Mark 13:1

General Information:

As they leave the temple area, Jesus tells his disciples what will happen to the wonderful temple that Herod the Great has built.

the wonderful stones and wonderful buildings

The "stones" refer to the stones that the buildings were built with. Alternate translation: "the wonderful buildings and the wonderful stones that they are made of"

Mark 13:2

Do you see these great buildings? Not one stone

This question is used to draw attention to the buildings. This can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: "Look at these great buildings! Not one stone" or "You see these great buildings now, but not one stone"

Not one stone will be left on another which will not be torn down

It is implied that enemy soldiers will tear down the stones. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "Not one stone will remain on top of another, for enemy soldiers will come and destroy these buildings"

Mark 13:3

Connecting Statement:

In answer to the disciples' questions about the temple's destruction and what is going to happen, Jesus tells them what was going to take place in the future.

As he sat on the Mount of Olives opposite the temple, Peter

It can be expressed clearly that Jesus and his disciples had walked to the Mount of Olives. Alternate translation: "After arriving at the Mount of Olives, which is opposite the temple, Jesus sat down. Then Peter"

privately

when they were alone

Mark 13:4

these things happen ... are about to happen

This refers to what Jesus had just said will happen to the stones of the temple. This can be made clear. Alternate translation: "these things happen to the buildings of the temple ... are about to happen to the temple buildings"

when all these things

"that all these things"

Mark 13:5

to them

"to his disciples"

leads you astray

Here "leads you astray" is a metaphor for "persuades you to believe what is not true." Alternate translation: "deceives you"

Mark 13:6

lead many astray

Here "lead many astray" is a metaphor "persuades many to believe what is not true." Alternate translation: "deceive many people"

in my name

This is metonym. Possible meanings are 1) Alternate translation: "claiming my authority" or 2) Alternate translation: "claiming that God sent them."

I am he

"I am the Christ"

Mark 13:7

hear of wars and rumors of wars

"hear of wars and reports about wars." Possible meanings are 1) "hear the sounds of wars close by and news of wars far away" or 2) "hear of wars that have started and reports about wars that are about to start"

but the end is not yet

"but it is not yet the end" or "but the end will not happen until later" or "but the end will be later"

the end

This probably refers to the end of the world.

Mark 13:8

will rise against

This idiom means to fight against one another. Alternate translation: "will fight against"

kingdom against kingdom

The words "will rise" are understood from the previous phrase. Alternate translation: "kingdom will rise against kingdom" or "the people of one kingdom will fight against the people of another kingdom"

These are the beginnings of birth pains

Jesus speaks of these disasters as the beginnings of birth pains because more severe things will happen after them. Alternate translation: "These events will be like the first pains a woman suffers when she is about to bear a child"

Mark 13:9

Be on your guard

"Be ready for what people will do to you"

will give you over to councils

"take you and put you under the control of councils"

you will be beaten

This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "people will beat you"

You will stand before

This means to be put on trial and judged. Alternate translation: "You will be put on trial before" or "You will be brought to trial and judged by"

for my sake

"because of me" or "on account of me"

as a testimony to them

This means they will testify about Jesus. This can be made clear. Alternate translation: "and testify to them about me" or "and you will tell them about me"

Mark 13:10

But the gospel must first be proclaimed to all the nations

Jesus is still speaking about things that must happen before the end comes. This can be made clear. Alternate translation: "But the gospel must first be proclaimed to all the nations before the end will come"

Mark 13:11

hand you over

Here this means to put people under the control of the authorities. Alternate translation: "give you over to the authorities"

but the Holy Spirit

The words "who will speak" are understood from the previous phrase. Alternate translation: "but the Holy Spirit, who will speak through you"

Mark 13:12

Brother will deliver up brother to death

"One brother will put another brother under the control of people who will kill him" or "Brothers will put their brothers under the control of people who will kill them." This will happen many times to many different people. Jesus is not speaking of just one person and his brother.

Brother ... brother

This refers to both brothers and sisters. Alternate translation: "People ... their siblings"

a father his child

The words "will deliver up to death" are understood from the previous phrase. This means that some fathers will betray their children, and this betrayal will cause their children to be killed. Alternate translation: "fathers will deliver up their children to death" or "fathers will betray their children, handing them over to be killed"

Children will rise up against their parents

This means that children will oppose their parents and betray them. Alternate translation: "Children will oppose their parents"

cause them to be put to death

This means that the authorities will sentence the parents to be put to death. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "cause the authorities to sentence the parents to die" or "the authorities will kill the parents"

Mark 13:13

You will be hated by everyone

This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "Everyone will hate you"

because of my name

Jesus uses the metonym "my name" to refer to himself. Alternate translation: "because of me" or "because you believe in me"

whoever endures to the end, that person will be saved

This may be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "whoever endures to the end, God will save that person" or "God will save whoever endures to the end"

whoever endures to the end

Here "endures" represents continuing to be faithful to God even while suffering. Alternate translation: "whoever suffers and stays faithful to God to the end"

to the end

Possible meanings are 1) "to the end of his life" or 2) "to the end of that time of trouble"

Mark 13:14

the abomination of desolation

This phrase is from the book of Daniel. Jesus's audience would have been familiar with this passage and the prophecy about the abomination entering the temple and defiling it. Alternate translation: "the shameful thing that defiles the things of God"

standing where it should not be standing

Jesus's audience would have known that this refers to the temple. This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: "standing in the temple, where it should not be standing"

let the reader understand

Mark added this to get the readers' attention, so that they would think about what Jesus meant when he spoke about the abomination of desolation standing where it should not be standing. Alternate translation: "may everyone who reads this understand what it means"

Mark 13:15

on the housetop

Housetops where Jesus lived were flat, and people could stand on them.

Mark 13:16

not return

This refers to returning to his house. This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: "not return to his house"

to take his cloak

"to get his cloak"

Mark 13:17

those who are nursing infants

women who give babies breast milk

Mark 13:18

Pray that it

"Pray that these times" or "Pray that these things"

the winter

"the cold season" or "the cold, rainy season." This refers to the time of year when it is cold and unpleasant and difficult to travel.

Mark 13:19

such as has not been from the beginning

"greater than there has ever been since the beginning of the world." This describes how great and terrible the tribulation will be. There has never been a tribulation as terrible as this one will be.

the beginning of creation, which God created

the beginning of creation, when God created the world

no, nor ever will be again

"and greater than there will ever be again" or "and after that tribulation, there will never again be a tribulation like it"

Mark 13:20

Unless the Lord had shortened the days

The writer uses past tense to describe a future event. Alternate translation: "If the Lord had not decided that he would shorten those days"

had shortened the days

"had shortened the time." It may be helpful to specify which "days" are referred to. Alternate translation: "had reduced the days of suffering" or "had shortened the time of suffering"

no flesh would be saved

The word "flesh" refers to people, and "saved" refers to physical salvation. Alternate translation: "no one would be saved" or "everyone would die"

for the sake of the elect

"in order to help the elect"

the elect, those whom he chose

The phrase "those whom he chose" means the same thing as "the elect." Together, they emphasize that God chose these people.

Mark 13:21

General Information:

In verse 21 Jesus gives a command, and in 22 he tells the reason for the command. This can be reordered with the reason first, and the command second, as in the UDB.

Mark 13:22

false Christs

"people who claim they are Christ"

so as to deceive

"in order to deceive" or "hoping to deceive" or "trying to deceive"

so as to deceive, if possible, even the elect

The phrase "even the elect" implies that the false Christs and false prophets will expect to deceive some people, but they will not know if they will be able to deceive the elect. Alternate translation: "in order to deceive people, and even deceive the elect, if that is possible"

the elect

"the people whom God has chosen"

Mark 13:23

Be on guard

"Be watchful" or "Be alert"

I have told you all these things ahead of time

Jesus told them these things to warn them. Alternate translation: "I have told you all these things ahead of time to warn you"

Mark 13:24

the sun will be darkened

This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "the sun will become dark"

the moon will not give its light

Here the moon is spoken of as if it were alive and able to give something to someone else. Alternate translation: "the moon will not shine" or "the moon will be dark"

Mark 13:25

the stars will fall from the sky

This does not mean that they will fall to earth but that they will fall from where the are now. Alternate translation: "the stars will fall from their places in the sky"

the powers that are in the heavens will be shaken

This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "the powers in the heavens will shake" or "God will shake the powers that are in the heavens"

the powers that are in the heavens

"the powerful things in the heavens." These words could refer to 1) the sun, moon, and stars or 2) powerful spiritual beings

in the heavens

"in the sky"

Mark 13:26

Then they will see

"Then people will see"

with great power and glory

"powerfully and gloriously"

Mark 13:27

he will gather

The word "he" refers to God and is a metonym for his angels, as they are the ones who will gather the elect. Alternate translation: "they will gather" or "his angels will gather"

the four winds

The whole earth is spoken of as "the four winds," which refer to the four directions: north, south, east, and west. Alternate translation: "the north, south, east, and west" or "all parts of the earth"

from the ends of the earth to the ends of the sky

These two extremes are given to emphasize that the elect will be gathered from the entire earth. Alternate translation: "from every place on earth"

Mark 13:28

Connecting Statement:

Jesus gives two short parables here to remind people to be aware when the things that he has been explaining happen.

the branch becomes tender and puts out its leaves

The phrase "the branch" refers to the branches of the fig tree. Alternate translation: "its branches become tender and put out their leaves"

tender

"green and soft"

puts out its leaves

Here the fig tree is spoken of as if it were alive and able to willingly cause its leaves to grow. Alternate translation: "its leaves begin to sprout"

summer

the warm part of the year or the growing season

Mark 13:29

these things

This refers to the days of tribulation. Alternate translation: "these things I have just described"

recognize that he is near

Many modern translations read, "you recognize" or "you know." It is not clear whether Jesus is stating a fact or issuing a command.

he is near

"the Son of Man is near"

close to the gates

This idiom means that he is very near and has almost arrived, referring to a traveler being close to arriving at the city gates. Alternate translation: "and is almost here"

Mark 13:30

Truly I say to you

This indicates that the statement that follows is especially important. See how you translated this in Mark 3:28.

will not pass away

"Pass away" is a polite way of saying "die." Alternate translation: "will not die" or "will not end"

until all of these things

The phrase "these things" refers to the days of tribulation.

Mark 13:31

Heaven and earth

The two extremes are given to refer to all of the sky, including the sun, moon, stars, and planets, and all of the earth. Alternate translation: "The sky, the earth, and everything in them"

will pass away

"will cease to exist." Here this phrase refers to the world ending.

my words will never pass away

Jesus speaks of words not losing their power as if they were something that will never physically die. Alternate translation: "my words will never lose their power"

Mark 13:32

that day or that hour

This refers to the time that the Son of Man will return. Alternate translation: "that day or that hour that the Son of Man will return" or "the day or the hour that I will return"

no one knows, not even the angels in heaven, nor the Son, but the Father

These words specify some of those who do not know when the Son of Man will return, different from the Father, who does know. Alternate translation: "no one knows—neither the angels in heaven nor the Son know—but the Father" or "neither the angels in heaven nor the Son know; no one knows but the Father"

the angels in heaven

Here "heaven" refers to the place where God lives.

but the Father

It is best to translate "Father" with the same word that your language naturally uses to refer to a human father. Also, this is an ellipsis, stating that the Father knows when the Son will return. Alternate translation: "but only the Father knows"

Mark 13:33

what time it is

It can be stated clearly what "time" refers to here. Alternate translation: "when all these events will happen"

Mark 13:34

each one with his work

"telling each one what work he should do"

Mark 13:35

it could be in the evening

"he could return in the evening"

rooster crows

The rooster is a bird that "crows" very early in the morning by making a loud call.

Mark 13:36

find you sleeping

Here Jesus speaks of not being ready as "sleeping." Alternate translation: "find you not ready for his return"

Mark 13:37

General Information:

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ULB Translation Questions

Mark 13:2

What did Jesus say would happen to the wonderful stones and buildings of the temple?

Jesus said that not one stone would be left on another which would not be torn down.

Mark 13:4

What question did the disciples then ask Jesus?

The disciples asked Jesus when these things would happen and what would be the sign.

Mark 13:5

About what did Jesus say the disciples must be careful?

Jesus said the disciples must be careful that no one lead them astray.

Mark 13:6

About what did Jesus say the disciples must be careful?

Jesus said the disciples must be careful that no one lead them astray.

Mark 13:7

What did Jesus say would be the beginnings of birth pains?

Jesus said the beginning of birth pains would be wars, rumors of wars, earthquakes, and famines.

Mark 13:8

What did Jesus say would be the beginnings of birth pains?

Jesus said the beginning of birth pains would be wars, rumors of wars, earthquakes, and famines.

Mark 13:9

What did Jesus say would happen to the disciples?

Jesus said that the disciples would be delivered to councils, beaten in synagogues, and would stand before governors and kings as a testimony.

Mark 13:10

What did Jesus say must happen first?

Jesus said the gospel must be preached to all the nations first.

Mark 13:12

What did Jesus say would happen between family members?

Jesus said that one family member would deliver up another family member to death.

Mark 13:13

Who did Jesus say would be saved?

Jesus said that whoever endures to the end would be saved.

Mark 13:14

What did Jesus say those in Judea should do when they see the abomination of desolation?

Jesus said that those in Judea should flee to the mountains when they see the abomination of desolation.

Mark 13:20

What did Jesus say the Lord would do for the sake of the elect, so that they would be saved?

Jesus said the Lord would shorten the days of tribulation for the sake of the elect.

Mark 13:22

Who did Jesus say would arise to deceive people?

Jesus said that false Christs and false prophets would arise to deceive people.

Mark 13:24

What will happen to the powers in the heavens after the tribulation of those days?

The sun and moon will be darkened, the stars will fall from the sky, and the powers in the heavens will be shaken.

Mark 13:25

What will happen to the powers in the heavens after the tribulation of those days?

The sun and moon will be darkened, the stars will fall from the sky, and the powers in the heavens will be shaken.

Mark 13:26

What will the people see in the clouds?

They will see the Son of Man coming in the clouds with great power and glory.

Mark 13:27

What will the Son of Man do when he comes?

The Son of Man will gather his elect from the ends of the earth and the sky.

Mark 13:30

What did Jesus say would not pass away until all of these things occurred?

Jesus said that this generation would not pass away until all of these things occurred.

Mark 13:31

What did Jesus say would never pass away?

Jesus said that his words would never pass away.

Mark 13:32

When did Jesus say all these things would happen?

Jesus said that no one knows the day or hour, except the Father.

Mark 13:33

What command did Jesus give his disciples regarding his coming?

Jesus told his disciples to be alert and watch.

Mark 13:35

What command did Jesus give his disciples regarding his coming?

Jesus told his disciples to be alert and watch.

Mark 13:37

What command did Jesus give his disciples regarding his coming?

Jesus told his disciples to be alert and watch.

Chapter 14

Mark 14 General Notes

Structure and formatting

Some translations set poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to show that it is poetry. The ULB does this with the poetry in 14:27, 62, which is from the Old Testament.

Special concepts in this chapter

The eating of the body and blood

Mark 14:22-25 describes Jesus's last meal with his followers. At this time, Jesus told them that what they were eating and drinking were his body and his blood. Nearly all Christian churches celebrate "the Lord's Supper," the "Eucharist," or "Holy Communion" to remember this meal.

Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter

Abba, Father

"Abba" is an Aramaic word that the Jews used to speak to their fathers. Mark writes it as it sounds and then translates it.

"Son of Man"

Jesus refers to himself as the "Son of Man" in this chapter

Mark 14:1

Connecting Statement:

Just two days before the Passover, the chief priests and scribes are secretly plotting to kill Jesus.

stealthily

without people noticing

Mark 14:2

For they were saying

The word "they" refers to the chief priests and the scribes.

Not during the festival

This refers to them not arresting Jesus during the festival. Alternate translation: "We must not do it during the festival"

Mark 14:3

Connecting Statement:

Though some were angry that the oil was used to anoint Jesus, Jesus says that the woman has anointed his body for burial before he will die.

Simon the leper

This man previously had leprosy but was no longer ill. This is a different man than Simon Peter and Simon the Zealot.

he was reclining at the table

In Jesus's culture, when people gathered to eat, they reclined on their sides, propping themselves up on pillows beside a low table.

alabaster jar

This is a jar made from alabaster. Alabaster is a very expensive yellow-white stone. Alternate translation: "beautiful white stone jar"

of very expensive perfume, which was pure nard

"that contained expensive, fragrant perfume called nard." Nard is a very expensive, sweet-smelling oil used to make perfume.

on his head

"on Jesus's head"

Mark 14:4

What is the reason for the waste of this perfume?

They asked this question to show that they disapproved of the woman pouring the perfume on Jesus. This can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: "It is terrible that she wasted that perfume!"

Mark 14:5

This perfume could have been sold

This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "We could have sold this perfume" or "She could have sold this perfume"

three hundred denarii

"300 denarii." Denarius is the singular form of denarii. A denarius is a roman silver coin and it is worth one day's wage.

given to the poor

The phrase "the poor" refers to poor people. This refers to giving the money from the sale of the perfume to the poor. Alternate translation: "the money given to poor people"

Mark 14:6

Why are you troubling her?

Jesus rebukes the guests for questioning this woman's action. This can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: "You should not trouble her!"

Mark 14:7

the poor

This refers to poor people. Alternate translation: "poor people"

Mark 14:8

General Information:

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Mark 14:9

Truly I say to you

This indicates that the statement that follows is especially true and important. See how you translated this in Mark 3:28.

wherever the gospel is preached

This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "wherever my followers preach the gospel"

what this woman has done will be spoken of

"what this woman has done will also be spoken of"

Mark 14:10

Connecting Statement:

After the woman anoints Jesus with perfume, Judas promises to deliver Jesus to the chief priests.

so that he might give him over to them

Judas did not deliver Jesus over to them yet, rather he went to make arrangements with them. Alternate translation: "in order to arrange with them that he would give Jesus over to them"

give him over

"bring him to them so they could capture him" or "put him in their power" or "betray him"

Mark 14:11

When the chief priests heard it

It may be helpful to state clearly what the chief priests heard. Alternate translation: "When the chief priests heard what he was willing to do for them"

to give him money

"to give him silver coins"

give him over to them

"put them in their power" or "betray him to them"

Mark 14:12

Connecting Statement:

Jesus sends two of the disciples to prepare the Passover meal.

when they sacrificed the Passover lamb

At the beginning of the Festival of Unleavened Bread, it was customary to sacrifice a lamb. Alternate translation: "when it was customary to sacrifice the Passover lamb"

eat the Passover

Here the "Passover" refers to the Passover meal. Alternate translation: "eat the Passover meal"

Mark 14:13

bearing a pitcher of water

"carrying a large jar full of water"

Mark 14:14

The Teacher says, "Where is my guest room ... with my disciples?"

This can be written as an indirect quote. Translate this so that it is a polite request. Alternate translation: "Our Teacher would like to know where the guest room is where he may eat the Passover with his disciples."

guest room

a room for visitors

Mark 14:15

Make the preparations for us there

They were to prepare the meal for Jesus and his disciples to eat. Alternate translation: "Prepare the meal for us there"

Mark 14:16

The disciples left

"The two disciples left"

as he had said

"as Jesus had said"

Mark 14:17

Connecting Statement:

That evening as Jesus and the disciples eat the Passover meal, Jesus tells them that one of them will betray him.

he came with the twelve

It may be helpful to state where they came to. Alternate translation: "he came with the twelve to the house"

Mark 14:18

lying down at the table

In Jesus's culture, when people gathered to eat, they lay down on their sides, propping themselves up on pillows beside a low table.

Truly I say to you

This indicates that the statement that follows is especially true and important. See how you translated this in Mark 3:28.

Mark 14:19

one by one

This means that "one at a time" each disciple asked him.

Surely not I?

Possible meanings are 1) this was a question for which the disciples expected the answer to be no or 2) this was a rhetorical question that did not require a response. Alternate translation: "Surely I am not the one who will betray you!"

Mark 14:20

It is one of the twelve, the one now

"He is one of the twelve of you, the one now"

dipping bread with me in the bowl

In Jesus's culture, people would often eat bread, dipping it in a shared bowl of sauce or of oil mixed with herbs.

Mark 14:21

For the Son of Man will go as it is written about him

Here Jesus refers to the scriptures prophesying about his death. If you have a polite way to talk about death in your language, use it here. Alternate translation: "For the Son of Man will die in the way that the scriptures say"

it is written

"the scripture says" or "as they wrote in the scripture"

through whom the Son of Man is betrayed

This can be stated more directly. Alternate translation: "who betrays the Son of Man"

Mark 14:22

bread

This was a flat loaf of unleavened bread, which was eaten as part of the Passover meal.

broke it

This means that he broke the bread into pieces for the people to eat. Alternate translation: "broke it into pieces"

Take this. This is my body

"Take this bread. It is my body." Though most understand this to mean that the bread is a symbol of Jesus's body and that it is not actual flesh, it is best to translate this statement literally.

Mark 14:23

He took a cup

Here "cup" is a metonym for wine. Alternate translation: "He took the cup of wine"

Mark 14:24

This is my blood of the covenant, the blood that is poured out for many

The covenant is for the forgiveness of sins. This can be written more explicitly. Alternate translation: "This is my blood that confirms the covenant, the blood that is poured out so that many may receive the forgiveness of sins"

This is my blood

"This wine is my blood." Though most understand this to mean that the wine is a symbol of Jesus's blood and that it is not actual blood, it is best to translate this statement literally.

Mark 14:25

Truly I say to you

This indicates that the statement that follows is especially true and important. See how you translated this in Mark 3:28.

fruit of the vine

"wine." This is a descriptive way to refer to wine.

new

Possible meanings are 1) "again" or 2) "in a new way"

Mark 14:26

hymn

A hymn is a type of song. It was traditional for them to sing an Old Testament psalm.

Mark 14:27

Jesus said to them

"Jesus said to his disciples"

will fall away

This is an idiom that means leave. Alternate translation: "will leave me"

I will strike

"kill." Here "I" refers to God.

the sheep will be scattered

This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "I will scatter the sheep"

Mark 14:28

I am raised up

This idiom means that God will cause Jesus to become alive again after he has died. This can be written in active form. Alternate translation: "God raises me from the dead" or "God makes me alive again"

I will go ahead of you

"I will go before you"

Mark 14:29

all fall away

"everyone else falls away" or "everyone else leaves you"

Mark 14:30

Truly I say to you

This indicates that the statement that follows is especially true and important. See how you translated this in Mark 3:28.

rooster crows

The rooster is a male bird that calls out loudly very early in the morning. When he makes that sound he "crows."

twice

two times

you will deny me

"you will say that you do not know me"

Mark 14:31

said emphatically

"said insistently" or "said strongly"

If I must die

"Even if I must die"

They all made the same promise

This means that all of the disciples said the same thing that Peter said.

Mark 14:32

Connecting Statement:

When they go to Gethsemane on the Mount of Olives, Jesus encourages three of his disciples to stay awake while he prays. Twice he awakens them, and the third time he tells them to wake up because it is time for the betrayal.

They came to the place

The word "they" refers to Jesus and his disciples.

Mark 14:33

distressed

overwhelmed with sorrow

deeply troubled

The word "deeply" refers to Jesus being greatly troubled in his soul. Alternate translation: "extremely troubled"

Mark 14:34

My soul is

Jesus speaks of himself as his "soul." Alternate translation: "I am"

even to the point of death

Jesus is exaggerating because he feels so much distress and sorrow that he feels like he is about to die, though he knows he will not die until after the sun rises.

watch

The disciples were to stay alert while Jesus prayed. This does not mean that they were supposed to watch Jesus pray.

Mark 14:35

if it were possible

This means that if God would allow it to happen. Alternate translation: "if God would allow it"

the hour might pass

Here "this hour" refers to Jesus's time of suffering, both now in the garden and later. Alternate translation: "that he would not have to go through this time of suffering"

Mark 14:36

Abba

a term used by Jewish children to address their father. Since it is followed by "Father," it is best to transliterate this word.

Father

This is an important title for God.

Remove this cup from me

Jesus speaks of the suffering that he must endure as if it were a cup.

But not my will, but yours

Jesus is asking God to do what he wants to be done and not what Jesus wants. Alternate translation: "But do not do what I want, do what you want"

Mark 14:37

found them sleeping

The word "them" refers to Peter, James, and John.

Simon, are you asleep? Could you not watch for one hour?

Jesus rebukes Simon Peter for sleeping. This can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: "Simon, you are asleep when I told you to stay awake. You could not even stay awake for one hour."

Mark 14:38

that you do not enter into temptation

Jesus speaks of being tempted as if it were entering into a physical place. Alternate translation: "that you are not tempted"

The spirit indeed is willing, but the flesh is weak

Jesus warns Simon Peter that he is not strong enough to do what he wants to do in his own strength. Alternate translation: "You are willing in your spirit, but you are too weak to do what you want to do" or "You want to do what I say, but you are weak"

The spirit ... the flesh

These refer to two different aspects of Peter. "The spirit" is his inmost desires. "The flesh" is his human ability and strength.

Mark 14:39

used the same words

"prayed again what he prayed before"

Mark 14:40

found them sleeping

The word "them" refers to Peter, James, and John.

for their eyes were heavy

Here the author speaks of a sleepy person having a hard time keeping his eyes open as having "heavy eyes." Alternate translation: "for they were so sleepy they were having a hard time keeping their eyes open"

Mark 14:41

He came the third time

Jesus had gone and prayed again. Then he returned to them a third time. This can be made clear. Alternate translation: "Then he went and prayed again. He returned the third time"

Are you still sleeping and taking your rest?

Jesus rebukes his disciples for not staying awake and praying. You can translate this rhetorical question as a statement if needed. Alternate translation: "You are still sleeping and resting!"

The hour has come

The time of Jesus's suffering and betrayal is about to begin.

Look!

"Listen!"

The Son of Man is being betrayed

Jesus warns his disciples that his betrayer is approaching them. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "I, the Son of Man, am being betrayed"

Mark 14:42

General Information:

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Mark 14:43

one of the twelve

"one of the twelve disciples"

Mark 14:44

General Information:

Here Mark gives background information about how Judas had arranged with the Jewish leaders to betray Jesus.

his betrayer

This refers to Judas.

The one I kiss is the man

Here "the man" refers to the man that Judas was going to identify. Alternate translation: "The man I kiss is the one you want"

Mark 14:45

he kissed him

"Judas kissed him"

Mark 14:46

laid hands on him and seized him

These two phrases have the same meaning to emphasize that they seized Jesus. Alternate translation: "grabbed Jesus and seized him" or "seized him"

Mark 14:47

who stood by

"who was standing nearby"

Mark 14:48

Jesus said to them

"Jesus said to the crowd"

Do you come out as against a robber, with swords and clubs, to arrest me?

Jesus is rebuking the crowd. This can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: "It is ridiculous that you come here to seize me with swords and clubs, as if I were a robber!"

Mark 14:49

But this was done that

"But this has happened so that"

Mark 14:50

All those with Jesus

This refers to the disciples.

Mark 14:51

linen

cloth made from the fibers of a flax plant

that was wrapped around him

This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "that he had wrapped around himself"

When the men seized him

"When the men seized that man"

Mark 14:52

he left the linen garment

Because the man was trying to run away, the others would have grabbed at his clothing, trying to stop him.

Mark 14:53

Connecting Statement:

After the crowd of the chief priests, scribes, and elders lead Jesus to the high priest, Peter watches nearby while some stand to give false testimony against Jesus.

There were gathered with him all the chief priests, the elders, and the scribes

This can be reordered so that it is easier to understand. "All of the chief priests, the elders, and the scribes had gathered there together"

Mark 14:54

Now

This word is used here to mark a change in the story as the author tells us about Peter.

as far as the courtyard of the high priest

As Peter followed Jesus, he stopped at the high priest's courtyard. This can be written clearly. Alternate translation: "and he went as far as the courtyard of the high priest"

He sat among the officers

Peter sat with the officers who were working at the courtyard. Alternate translation: "He sat in the courtyard among the officers"

the officers

These were probably the servants of the "the chief priests, the elders, and the scribes" (Mark 14:54).

Mark 14:55

Now

This word is used here to mark a change in the story as the author returns to telling us about Jesus being put on trial.

they might put him to death

They were not the ones who would execute Jesus; rather, they would order someone else to do it. Alternate translation: "they might have Jesus executed" or "they might have someone execute Jesus"

But they did not find any

They did not find testimony against Jesus with which they could convict him and have him put to death. Alternate translation: "But they did not find any testimony with which to convict him"

Mark 14:56

brought false testimony against him

Here speaking false testimony is described as if it were a physical object that someone can carry. Alternate translation: "accused him by speaking false testimony against him"

their testimony did not agree

"they contradicted each other"

Mark 14:57

brought false testimony against him

Here speaking false testimony is described as if it were a physical object that someone can carry. Alternate translation: "accused him by speaking false testimony against him"

Mark 14:58

We heard him say

"We heard Jesus say." The word "we" refers to the people who brought false testimony against Jesus and does not include the people to whom they are speaking.

made with hands ... made without hands

Here "hands" refers to men. Alternate translation: "made by men ... without man's help" or "built by men ... without man's help"

in three days

"within three days." This means that the temple would be built within a three-day period.

will build another

The word "temple" is understood from the previous phrase. It may be repeated. Alternate translation: "will build another temple"

Mark 14:59

their testimony did not agree

"these witnesses contradicted each other"

Mark 14:60

Connecting Statement:

When Jesus answers that he is the Christ, the high priest and all of the leaders there condemn him as one who deserves to die.

stood up among them

Jesus stands up in the middle of the angry crowd to speak to them. Translate this to show who was present when Jesus stood up to speak. Alternate translation: "stood up among the chief priests, scribes, and elders"

Have you no answer? What is it these men testify against you?

The chief priest is not asking Jesus for information about what the witnesses said. He is asking Jesus to prove what the witnesses said is wrong. Alternate translation: "Are you not going to reply? What do you say in response to the testimony these men are speaking against you?"

Mark 14:61

the Son of the Blessed One

Here God is called "the Blessed One." It is best to translate "Son" with the same word your language would naturally use to refer to a "son" of a human father. Alternate translation: "the Son of God"

Mark 14:62

I am

This likely has a double meaning: 1) to respond to the high priest's question and 2) to call himself "I Am," which is what God called himself in the Old Testament.

he sits at the right hand of power

Here "power" is a metonym that represents God. To sit at the "right hand of God" is a symbolic action of receiving great honor and authority from God. Alternate translation: "he sits in the place of honor beside the all-powerful God"

comes with the clouds of heaven

Here the clouds are described as accompanying Jesus when he returns. Alternate translation: "when he comes down through the clouds in the sky"

Mark 14:63

tore his garments

The high priest tore his clothes purposefully to show his outrage and horror at what Jesus has said. Alternate translation: "tore his garments in outrage"

Do we still need witnesses?

This can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: "We certainly do not need any more people who will testify against this man!"

Mark 14:64

You have heard the blasphemy

This refers to what Jesus said, which the high priest called blasphemy. Alternate translation: "You have heard the blasphemy he has spoken"

They all

all the people in the room

Mark 14:65

Some began to

some of the people in the room

to cover his face

They covered his face with a cloth or blindfold, so he could not see. Alternate translation: "to cover his face with a blindfold"

Prophesy

They mocked him, asking him to prophesy who was hitting him. Alternate translation: "Prophesy who hit you"

officers

men who guarded the governor's house

Mark 14:66

Connecting Statement:

As Jesus had predicted, Peter denies Jesus three times before the rooster crows.

below in the courtyard

"outside in the courtyard"

one of the servant girls of the high priest

The servant girls worked for the high priest. Alternate translation: "one of the servant girls who worked for the high priest"

Mark 14:67

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Mark 14:68

denied

This means to claim that something is not true. In this case, Peter was saying that what the servant girl said about him was not true.

neither know nor understand what you are talking about

Both "know" and "understand" have the same meaning here. The meaning is repeated to add emphasis to what Peter is saying. Alternate translation: "I really do not understand what you are talking about"

Mark 14:69

the servant girl

This is the same servant girl who identified Peter previously.

one of them

The people were identifying Peter as one of Jesus's disciples. This can be made clearer. Alternate translation: "one of Jesus's disciples" or "one of those who have been with that man they arrested"

Mark 14:70

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Mark 14:71

to put himself under curses

If in your language you have to name the person who curses someone, state God. Alternate translation: "to say for God to curse him"

Mark 14:72

rooster immediately crowed

The rooster is a male bird that calls out loudly very early in the morning. If he has made that sound he has "crowed."

a second time

"Second" here is an ordinal number.

he broke down

This idiom means that he was overwhelmed with grief and lost control of his emotions. Alternate translation: "he was overwhelmed with grief" or "he lost control of his emotions"

ULB Translation Questions

Mark 14:1

What were the chief priests and scribes considering how to do?

They were considering how to stealthily arrest Jesus and then kill him.

Mark 14:2

Why did the chief priests and scribes not want to act during the Feast of Unleavened Bread?

They were worried that a riot would arise among the people.

Mark 14:3

What did a woman do to Jesus at the house of Simon the leper?

A woman broke a vial of costly liquid and poured it on Jesus' head.

Mark 14:5

For what were some rebuking the woman?

Some were rebuking the woman for not selling the perfume and giving the money to the poor.

Mark 14:8

What did Jesus say the woman had done for him?

Jesus said the woman had anointed his body for burial.

Mark 14:9

What promise did Jesus make about what the woman had done?

Jesus promised that wherever the gospel was preached in the whole world, what the woman had done would be spoken of in memory of her.

Mark 14:10

Why did Judas Iscariot go away to the chief priests?

Judas Iscariot went away to the chief priests so that he might deliver Jesus to them.

Mark 14:12

How did the disciples find the place where they would all eat the Passover?

Jesus told them to go into the city and follow a man carrying a pitcher of water, and then ask him where the guest room was that they would use to eat the Passover.

Mark 14:13

How did the disciples find the place where they would all eat the Passover?

Jesus told them to go into the city and follow a man carrying a pitcher of water, and then ask him where the guest room was that they would use to eat the Passover.

Mark 14:14

How did the disciples find the place where they would all eat the Passover?

Jesus told them to go into the city and follow a man carrying a pitcher of water, and then ask him where the guest room was that they would use to eat the Passover.

Mark 14:18

What did Jesus say as they were reclining at the table and eating?

Jesus said that one of the disciples eating with him would betray him.

Mark 14:20

Which disciple did Jesus say would betray him?

Jesus said that the disciple dipping bread with him in the bowl would betray him.

Mark 14:21

What did Jesus say about the destiny of the disciple who betrayed him?

Jesus said that it would have been better for him if he had not been born.

Mark 14:22

What did Jesus say as he gave the disciples the broken bread?

Jesus said, "Take this. This is my body".

Mark 14:24

What did Jesus say as he gave the disciples the cup?

Jesus said, "This is my blood of the covenant, the blood that is poured out for many".

Mark 14:25

When did Jesus say he would again drink of this fruit of the vine?

Jesus said he would again drink of this fruit of the vine on the day when he drank it anew in the kingdom of God.

Mark 14:27

At the Mount of Olives, what did Jesus predict about his disciples?

Jesus predicted that his disciples would all fall away because of him.

Mark 14:30

What did Jesus tell Peter after Peter said he would never fall away?

Jesus told Peter that before the rooster crowed twice, Peter would deny Jesus three times.

Mark 14:32

What did Jesus tell his three disciples to do while he prayed?

Jesus told them to remain there and watch.

Mark 14:33

What did Jesus tell his three disciples to do while he prayed?

Jesus told them to remain there and watch.

Mark 14:34

What did Jesus tell his three disciples to do while he prayed?

Jesus told them to remain there and watch.

Mark 14:35

For what did Jesus pray?

Jesus prayed that this hour might pass from him.

Mark 14:36

What was Jesus willing to accept as an answer to his prayer to the Father?

Jesus was willing to accept whatever the Father's will was for him.

Mark 14:37

What did Jesus find when he returned to the three disciples?

Jesus found the three disciples sleeping.

Mark 14:40

What did Jesus find the second time he returned from praying?

Jesus found the three disciples sleeping.

Mark 14:41

What did Jesus find the third time he returned from praying?

Jesus found the three disciples sleeping.

Mark 14:44

What sign did Judas give to show the guards which person was Jesus?

Judas kissed Jesus to show which person was Jesus.

Mark 14:45

What sign did Judas give to show the guards which person was Jesus?

Judas kissed Jesus to show which person was Jesus.

Mark 14:48

What did Jesus say was being done in his arrest to fulfill scripture?

Jesus said that scripture was being fulfilled because they came to arrest him like a robber, with swords and clubs.

Mark 14:49

What did Jesus say was being done in his arrest to fulfill scripture?

Jesus said that scripture was being fulfilled because they came to arrest him like a robber, with swords and clubs.

Mark 14:50

What did those with Jesus do when Jesus was arrested?

Those with Jesus left him and fled.

Mark 14:51

What did a young man who was following Jesus do when Jesus was arrested?

The young man left his linen garment there and ran away naked.

Mark 14:52

What did a young man who was following Jesus do when Jesus was arrested?

The young man left his linen garment there and ran away naked.

Mark 14:53

Where was Peter as Jesus was taken to the high priest?

Peter sat among the guards, near a fire to keep warm.

Mark 14:54

Where was Peter as Jesus was taken to the high priest?

Peter sat among the guards, near a fire to keep warm.

Mark 14:55

What was wrong with the testimony against Jesus given to the Council?

The testimony against Jesus was false and did not agree.

Mark 14:56

What was wrong with the testimony against Jesus given to the Council?

The testimony against Jesus was false and did not agree.

Mark 14:61

What question did the high priest ask Jesus about who Jesus was?

The high priest asked Jesus if he was the Christ, the son of the Blessed.

Mark 14:62

What was Jesus' answer to the high priest's question?

Jesus answered that he was the Christ, the son of the Blessed.

Mark 14:64

Hearing Jesus' answer, of what did the high priest say Jesus was guilty?

The high priest said that Jesus was guilty of blasphemy.

Mark 14:65

What did they do to Jesus after condemning him as one who deserved death?

They spit on him, struck him, and beat him.

Mark 14:66

What was Peter's answer to the servant girl who said that Peter was with Jesus?

Peter answered that he did not know or understand about what the girl was talking.

Mark 14:67

What was Peter's answer to the servant girl who said that Peter was with Jesus?

Peter answered that he did not know or understand about what the girl was talking.

Mark 14:68

What was Peter's answer to the servant girl who said that Peter was with Jesus?

Peter answered that he did not know or understand about what the girl was talking.

Mark 14:71

What was Peter's response when he was asked a third time if he was one of Jesus' disciples?

Peter swore and put himself under curses that he did not know Jesus.

Mark 14:72

What happened after Peter answered the third time?

After Peter answered the third time, the rooster crowed a second time.

What did Peter do after he heard the rooster?

After he heard the rooster, Peter broke down and wept.

Chapter 15

Mark 15 General Notes

Special concepts in this chapter

"The curtain of the temple was split in two"

The curtain in the temple was an important symbol that showed that people needed to have someone speak to God for them. They could not speak to God directly because all people are sinful and God hates sin. God split the curtain to show that Jesus's people can now speak to God directly because Jesus has paid for their sins.

The tomb

The tomb in which Jesus was buried (Mark 15:46) was the kind of tomb in which wealthy Jewish families buried their dead. It was an actual room cut into a rock. It had a flat place on one side where they could place the body after they had put oil and spices on it and wrapped it in cloth. Then they would roll a large rock in front of the tomb so no one could see inside or enter.

Important figures of speech in this chapter

Sarcasm

Both by pretending to worship Jesus (Mark 15:19) and by pretending to speak to a king (Mark 15:18), the soldiers and the Jews showed that they hated Jesus and did not believe that he was the Son of God. (See: and mock)

Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter

Eloi, Eloi, lama sabachthani?

This is a phrase in Aramaic. Mark transliterates its sounds by writing them using Greek letters. He then explains its meaning.

Mark 15:1

Connecting Statement:

When the chief priests, the elders, the scribes, and the council give Jesus over to Pilate, they accuse Jesus of doing many bad things. When Pilate asks if what they had said is true, Jesus does not answer him.

they bound Jesus and led him away

They commanded for Jesus to be bound, but it would have been the guards who actually bound him and led him away. Alternate translation: "they commanded for Jesus to be bound and then he was led away" or "they commanded the guards to bind Jesus and then they led him away"

They handed him over to Pilate

They had Jesus led to Pilate and transferred control of Jesus over to him.

Mark 15:2

You say so

Possible meanings are 1) by saying this, Jesus was saying that Pilate, not Jesus, was the one calling him the King of the Jews. Alternate translation: "You yourself have said so" or 2) by saying this, Jesus implied that he is the King of the Jews. Alternate translation: "Yes, as you said, I am" or "Yes. It is as you said"

Mark 15:3

were accusing him of many things

"were saying that Jesus had done many bad things"

Mark 15:4

Pilate again asked him

"Pilate asked Jesus again"

Do you give no answer

This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: "Do you have an answer"

See

"Look" or "Listen" or "Pay attention to what I am about to tell you"

Mark 15:5

that amazed him

It surprised Pilate that Jesus did not reply and defend himself.

Mark 15:6

Connecting Statement:

Pilate, hoping the crowd will choose Jesus, offers to release a prisoner, but the crowd asks for Barabbas instead.

Now

This word is used here to mark a pause in the story as the author tells background information about Pilate's tradition of releasing a prisoner at feasts and about Barabbas.

Mark 15:7

General Information:

The writer continues giving background information that will enable the reader to understand the part of the story that follows.

the rebels who had committed murder during the rebellion

The writer writes as though he believes that the readers know which rebels and which rebellion he is talking about, not as though he is introducing new participants to the story.

Mark 15:8

to do for them as he had done in the past

This refers to Pilate releasing a prisoner at feasts. This can be made clear. Alternate translation: "to release a prisoner to them as he had done in the past"

Mark 15:9

General Information:

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Mark 15:10

For he knew that it was because of envy ... Jesus over to him

This is background information about why Jesus was handed over to Pilate.

it was because of envy that the chief priests

They envied Jesus, probably because so many people were following him and becoming his disciples. Alternate translation: "the chief priests were envious of Jesus. This is why they" or "the chief priests were envious of Jesus's popularity among the people. This is why they"

Mark 15:11

stirred up the crowd

The author speaks of the chief priests rousing or urging the crowd as if the crowd were a bowl of something that they were stirring. Alternate translation: "roused the crowd" or "urged the crowd"

released instead

They requested Barabbas to be released instead of Jesus. Alternate translation: "released instead of Jesus"

Mark 15:12

Connecting Statement:

The crowd asks for Jesus's death, so Pilate turns him over to the soldiers, who mock him, crown him with thorns, strike him, and lead him out to crucify him.

What then should I do with the King of the Jews

Pilate asks what he should do with Jesus if he releases Barabbas to them. This can be written clearly. Alternate translation: "If I release Barabbas, what then should I do with the King of the Jews"

Mark 15:13

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Mark 15:14

Pilate said to them

"Pilate said to the crowd"

Mark 15:15

to satisfy the crowd

"make the crowd happy by doing what they wanted him to do"

He scourged Jesus

Pilate did not actually scourge Jesus but rather his soldiers did.

scourged

"flogged." To "scourge" is to beat with an especially painful whip.

then handed him over to be crucified

Pilate told his soliders to take Jesus away to crucify him. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "told his soldiers to take him away and crucify him"

Mark 15:16

the courtyard (which is the government headquarters)

This was where the Roman soldiers in Jerusalem lived, and where the governor stayed when he was in Jerusalem. Alternate translation: "the courtyard of the soldiers' barracks" or "the courtyard of the governor's residence"

the whole company of soldiers

"the whole unit of soldiers" "the whole cohort of soldiers"

Mark 15:17

They put a purple robe on Jesus

Purple was a color worn by royalty. The soldiers did not believe that Jesus was king. They clothed him this way to mock him because others said that he was the King of the Jews.

a crown of thorns

"a crown made of thorny branches"

Mark 15:18

began to salute him

The reader should understsnd that they were mocking Jesus by pretending to salute him.

Hail, King of the Jews

The greeting "Hail" with a raised hand was only used to greet the Roman emperor. The soldiers did not believe that Jesus was the king of the Jews. Rather they said this to mock him.

Mark 15:19

a reed

"a stick" or "a staff"

went to their knees

"kneeled" or "knelt" or "got on their knees"

Mark 15:20

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Mark 15:21

Simon ... Alexander ... Rufus

These are names of men.

Cyrene

This is the name of a place.

from the country

"from outside the city"

he was the father of Alexander and Rufus

This is background information about the man whom the soldiers forced to carry Jesus's cross.

they forced him to carry his cross

According to Roman law, a solider could force a man he came upon along the road to carry a load. In this case, they forced Simon to carry Jesus's cross.

Mark 15:22

Connecting Statement:

The soldiers bring Jesus to Golgotha, where they crucify him with two others. Many people mock him.

Place of a Skull

"Skull Place" or "Place of the Skull." This the name of a place. It does not mean that there are lots of skulls there.

Skull

A skull is the head bones, or a head without any flesh on it.

Mark 15:23

wine mixed with myrrh

It may be helpful to explain that myrrh is a pain-relieving medicine. Alternate translation: "wine mixed with a medicine called myrrh" or "wine mixed with a pain-relieving medicine called myrrh"

Mark 15:24

General Information:

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Mark 15:25

the third hour

"Third" here is a ordinal number. This refers to nine o'clock in the morning. Alternate translation: "nine o'clock in the morning"

Mark 15:26

On a sign

The soldiers attached this sign to the cross above Jesus. Alternate translation: "They attached to the cross above Jesus's head a sign on which"

the charge against him

"the crime they were accusing him of doing"

Mark 15:27

one on the right of him and one on his left

This can be written more clearly. Alternate translation: "one on a cross on the right side of him and one on a cross on the left side of him"

Mark 15:28

General Information:

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Mark 15:29

shaking their heads

This action showed that the people disapproved of Jesus.

Aha!

This is a exclamation of mockery. Use the appropriate exclamation in your language.

You who would destroy the temple and rebuild it in three days

The people refer to Jesus by what he earlier prophesied that he would do. Alternate translation: "You who said you would destroy the temple and rebuild it in three days"

Mark 15:30

General Information:

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Mark 15:31

In the same way

This refers to the way that the people who were walking by Jesus were mocking him.

were mocking him with each other

"were saying mocking things about Jesus among themselves"

Mark 15:32

Let the Christ, the King of Israel, come down

The leaders did not believe that Jesus is the Christ, the King of Israel. Alternate translation: "He calls himself the Christ and the King of Israel. So let him come down" or "If he is really the Christ and the King of Israel, he should come down"

believe

The means to believe in Jesus. Alternate translation: "believe in him"

insulted

mocked, slandered

Mark 15:33

the sixth hour

This refers to noon or 12 p.m.

darkness came over the whole land

Here the author describes it becoming dark outside as if the darkness were a wave that moved over the land. Alternate translation: "the whole land became dark"

Mark 15:34

At the ninth hour

This refers to three o'clock in the afternoon. Alternate translation: "At three o'clock in the afternoon" or "In the middle of the afternoon"

Eloi, Eloi, lama sabachthani

These are Aramaic words that should be copied as is into your language with similar sounds.

is interpreted

"means"

Mark 15:35

Some of those standing by heard his words and said

It can be stated clearly that they misunderstood what Jesus said. Alternate translation: "When some of those standing there heard his words, they misunderstood and said"

Mark 15:36

sour wine

"vinegar"

reed staff

"stick." This was a staff made from a reed.

gave it to him

"gave it to Jesus." The man held up the staff so that Jesus could drink wine from the sponge. Alternate translation: "held it up to Jesus"

Mark 15:37

General Information:

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Mark 15:38

The curtain of the temple was split in two

Mark is showing that God himself split the temple curtain. This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: "God split the curtain of the temple in two"

Mark 15:39

the centurion

This is the centurion who supervised the soldiers who crucified Jesus.

who stood and faced Jesus

Here "faced" is an idiom that means to look towards someone. Alternate translation: "who stood in front of Jesus"

that he had died in this way

"how Jesus had died" or "the way Jesus had died"

Son of God

This is an important title for Jesus.

Mark 15:40

looked on from a distance

"watched from far away"

(the mother of James ... and of Joses)

"who was the mother of James ... and of Joses." This can be written without the parentheses.

James the younger

"the younger James." This man was referred to as "the younger" probably to distinguish him from another man named James.

Joses

This Joses was not that same person as the younger brother of Jesus. See how you translated the same name in [Mark 6:3]

Salome

Salome is the name of a woman.

Mark 15:41

When he was in Galilee they followed him ... with him to Jerusalem

"When Jesus was in Galilee these women followed him ... with him to Jerusalem." This is background information about the women who watched the crucifixion from a distance.

came up with him to Jerusalem

Jerusalem was higher than almost any other place in Israel, so it was normal for people to speak of going up to Jerusalem and going down from it.

Mark 15:42

Connecting Statement:

Joseph of Arimathea asks Pilate for the body of Jesus, which he wraps in linen and puts in a tomb.

evening had come

Here evening is spoken of as if it were something that is able to "come" from one place to another. Alternate translation: "it had become evening" or "it was evening"

Mark 15:43

Joseph of Arimathea came there. He was a respected

The phrase "came there" refers to Joseph coming to Pilate, which is also described after the background information is given, but his coming is referenced before for emphasis and to help introduce him to the story. There may be a different way to do this in your language. Alternate translation: "Joseph of Arimathea was a respected"

Joseph of Arimathea

"Joseph from Arimathea." Joseph is the name of a man, and Arimathea is the name of the place his is from.

He was a respected member of the council ... for the kingdom of God

This is background information about Joseph.

went in to Pilate

"went to Pilate" or "went in to where Pilate was"

asked for the body of Jesus

It can be stated clearly that he wanted to get the body so that he could bury it. Alternate translation: "asked for permission to get the body of Jesus in order to bury it"

Mark 15:44

Pilate was amazed that Jesus was already dead; he called the centurion

When Pilate heard that Jesus was dead, he was surprised, so he asked the centurion if it was true. This can be made clear. Alternate translation: "Pilate was amazed when he heard that Jesus was already dead, so he called the centurion"

Mark 15:45

he gave the body to Joseph

"he permitted Joseph to take Jesus's body"

Mark 15:46

linen

Linen is cloth made from the fibers of a flax plant. See how you translated this in Mark 14:51.

He took him down ... Then he rolled a stone

You may need to make explicit that Joseph probably had help from other people when he took Jesus's body down from the cross, prepared it for the tomb, and closed the tomb. Alternate translation: "He and others took him down ... Then they rolled a stone"

a tomb that had been cut out of a rock

This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "a tomb that someone had previously cut out of solid rock"

a stone against

"a huge flat stone in front of"

Mark 15:47

Joses

This Joses was not that same person as the younger brother of Jesus. See how you translated the same name in [Mark 6:3]

the place where Jesus was buried

This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "the place where Joseph and the others buried Jesus's body"

ULB Translation Questions

Mark 15:1

Early in the morning, what did the chief priests do with Jesus?

Early in the morning, they bound Jesus and handed him over to Pilate.

Mark 15:5

While the chief priests were presenting many charges against Jesus, what amazed Pilate about Jesus?

Pilate was amazed that Jesus no longer answered him.

Mark 15:6

What did Pilate usually do for the crowd at the time of the feast?

Pilate usually released to the crowd one prisoner they requested at the time of the feast.

Mark 15:10

Why did Pilate want to release Jesus to the crowd?

Pilate knew that it was because of envy that the chief priests had handed Jesus over to him.

Mark 15:11

Who did the crowd cry out to be released?

The crowd cried out for Barabbas to be released.

Mark 15:12

What did the crowd say should be done with the King of the Jews?

The crowd said that the King of the Jews should be crucified.

Mark 15:13

What did the crowd say should be done with the King of the Jews?

The crowd said that the King of the Jews should be crucified.

Mark 15:17

How did the cohort of soldiers dress Jesus?

The soldiers put a purple robe on Jesus and put on him a twisted crown of thorns.

Mark 15:21

Who carried Jesus' cross?

A passerby, Simon of Cyrene, was forced to carry Jesus' cross.

Mark 15:22

What was the name of the place where the soldiers brought Jesus to crucify him?

The name of the place was Golgotha, which means Place of a Skull.

Mark 15:24

What did the soldiers do with Jesus' garments?

The soldiers cast lots for Jesus' garments.

Mark 15:26

What charge against Jesus did the soldiers write on the sign?

The soldiers wrote "The King of the Jews" on the sign.

Mark 15:29

What did those who passed by challenge Jesus to do?

Those who passed by challenged Jesus to save himself and get down from the cross.

Mark 15:30

What did those who passed by challenge Jesus to do?

Those who passed by challenged Jesus to save himself and get down from the cross.

Mark 15:31

What did the chief priests say Jesus should do so they would believe?

The chief priests said that Jesus should come down from the cross so they would believe.

Mark 15:32

What did the chief priests say Jesus should do so they would believe?

The chief priests said that Jesus should come down from the cross so they would believe.

What titles did the chief priests use for Jesus as they mocked him?

The chief priests called Jesus the Christ and the King of Israel.

Mark 15:33

What happened at the sixth hour?

At the sixth hour, darkness came over the whole land.

Mark 15:34

What did Jesus cry out at the ninth hour?

Jesus cried out, "My God, my God, why have you forsaken me?"

Mark 15:37

What did Jesus do before he died?

Jesus cried out with a loud voice before he died.

Mark 15:38

What happened in the temple when Jesus died?

The curtain of the temple was split in two from top to bottom when Jesus died.

Mark 15:39

What did the centurion testify when he saw how Jesus died?

The centurion testified that truly this man was the Son of God.

Mark 15:42

On what day did Jesus die?

Jesus died on the day before the Sabbath.

Mark 15:46

What did Joseph of Arimathea do after Jesus died?

Joseph of Arimathea took Jesus down from the cross, wrapped him in linen cloth, and laid him in a tomb, rolling a stone against the entrance of the tomb.

Chapter 16

Mark 16 General Notes

Special concepts in this chapter

The tomb

The tomb in which Jesus was buried (Mark 15:46) was the kind of tomb in which wealthy Jewish families buried their dead. It was an actual room cut into a rock. It had a flat place on one side where they could place the body after they had put oil and spices on it and wrapped it in cloth. Then they would roll a large rock in front of the tomb so no one could see inside or enter.

Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter

A young man dressed in a white robe

Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John all wrote about angels in white clothing with the women at Jesus's tomb. Two of the authors called them men, but that is only because the angels were in human form. Two of the authors wrote about two angels, but the other two authors wrote about only one of them. It is best to translate each of these passages as it appears in the ULB without trying to make the passages all say exactly the same thing. (See: Matthew 28:1-2 and Mark 16:5 and Luke 24:4 and John 20:12)

Mark 16:1

Connecting Statement:

On the first day of the week, women come early because they expect to use spices to anoint Jesus's body. They are surprised to see a young man who tells them Jesus is alive, but they are afraid and do not tell anyone.

When the Sabbath day was over

That is, after the Sabbath, the seventh day of the week, had ended and the first day of the week had begun.

Mark 16:2

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Mark 16:3

General Information:

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Mark 16:4

the stone had been rolled away

This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "someone had rolled away the stone"

Mark 16:5

General Information:

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Mark 16:6

He is risen!

The angel is emphatically stating that Jesus has risen from the dead. This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: "He arose!" or "God raised him from the dead!" or "He raised himself from the dead!"

Mark 16:7

General Information:

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Mark 16:8

General Information:

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Mark 16:9

Connecting Statement:

Jesus appears first to Mary Magdalene, who tells the disciples, then he appears to two others as they walk in the country, and later he appears to the eleven disciples.

on the first day of the week

"on Sunday"

Mark 16:10

General Information:

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Mark 16:11

They heard

"They heard Mary Magdalene say"

he had been seen by her

This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "Mary Magdalene had seen him" or "she had seen him"

Mark 16:12

he appeared in a different form to two of them

The "two of them" saw Jesus, but he looked different from how he had looked previously.

two of them

"two of his disciples"

Mark 16:13

they did not believe them

The rest of the disciples did not believe what the two who had been walking in the country said.

Mark 16:14

Connecting Statement:

When Jesus meets with the eleven, he rebukes them for their unbelief and tells them to go out into all the world to preach the gospel.

the eleven

These are the eleven apostles who remain after Judas has left them.

they were reclining at the table

This is a metonym for eating, which was the usual way people in that day ate meals. Alternate translation: "they were eating a meal"

reclining

In Jesus's culture, when people gathered to eat, they lay down on their sides, propping themselves up on pillows beside a low table.

hardness of heart

Jesus is rebuking his disciples because they would not believe in him. Translate this idiom so it is understood that the disciples were not believing Jesus. Alternate translation: "refusal to believe"

Mark 16:15

Go into all the world

Here "the world" is a metonym for the people in the world. Alternate translation: "Go everywhere there are people"

the entire creation

This is an exaggeration and a metonym for people everywhere. Alternate translation: "absolutely everybody"

Mark 16:16

He who believes and is baptized will be saved

The word "He" refers to anyone. This sentence can be made active. Alternate translation: "God will save all people who believe and allow you to baptize them"

he who does not believe will be condemned

The word "he" refers to anyone. This clause can be made active. Alternate translation: "God will condemn all people who do not believe"

Mark 16:17

These signs will go with those who believe

Mark speaks of miracles as though they were people going along with the believers. Alternate translation: "People watching those who believe will see these things happen and know that I am with the believers"

In my name they

Possible meanings are 1) Jesus is giving a general list: "In my name they will do things like these: They" or 2) Jesus is giving an exact list: "These are the things they will do in my name: They."

In my name

Here "name" is associated with Jesus's authority and power. See how "in your name" is translated in [Mark 9:38]

Mark 16:18

General Information:

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Mark 16:19

he was taken up into heaven and sat

This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "God took him up into heaven, and he sat"

sat down at the right hand of God

To sit at the "right hand of God" is a symbolic action of receiving great honor and authority from God. Alternate translation: "sat in the place of honor beside God"

Mark 16:20

worked with them

worked together with them, helped them as they worked

confirmed the word

This idiom means they proved that their message was true. Alternate translation: "showed that his message, which they were speaking, was true"

by the signs that went with them

"by enabling them wherever they went to do miracles that showed that they truly were his disciples"

ULB Translation Questions

Mark 16:2

When did the women go to Jesus' tomb to anoint his body?

The women went to the tomb on the first day of the week when the sun came up.

Mark 16:4

How did the women enter the tomb even though there had been a very large stone at the entrance?

Someone had rolled away the very large stone from the entrance.

Mark 16:5

What did the women see when they entered the tomb?

The women saw a young man dressed in a white robe sitting on the right side.

Mark 16:6

What did the young man say about Jesus?

The young man said that Jesus was risen and was not there.

Mark 16:7

Where did the young man say the disciples would meet Jesus?

The young man said the disciples would meet Jesus in Galilee.

Mark 16:9

To whom did Jesus first appear after his resurrection?

Jesus first appeared to Mary Magdalene.

Mark 16:11

How did Jesus' disciples respond when Mary told them she had seen Jesus alive?

The disciples did not believe.

Mark 16:13

How did Jesus' disciples respond when two other people told them they had seen Jesus alive?

The disciples did not believe.

Mark 16:14

When he appeared to the disciples, what did Jesus say to them about their unbelief?

Jesus rebuked the disciples for their unbelief.

Mark 16:15

What command did Jesus give the disciples?

Jesus commanded the disciples to go into all the world and preach the gospel.

Mark 16:16

Who did Jesus say would be saved?

Jesus said those who believed and were baptized would be saved.

Who did Jesus say would be condemned?

Jesus said those who did not believe would be condemned.

Mark 16:17

What signs did Jesus say would go with those who believed?

Jesus said those who believed would cast out demons, would speak in new languages, would not be hurt by anything deadly, and would heal others.

Mark 16:18

What signs did Jesus say would go with those who believed?

Jesus said those who believed would cast out demons, would speak in new languages, would not be hurt by anything deadly, and would heal others.

Mark 16:19

What happened to Jesus after he spoke to the disciples?

After he spoke to the disciples, Jesus was taken up into heaven and sat down at the right hand of God.

Mark 16:20

What did the disciples then do?

The disciples then left and preached everywhere.

What did the Lord then do?

The Lord then worked with the disciples and confirmed the word with miraculous signs.

Language: العربية

Book: Mark

ULB Translation Words

Aaron

Facts:

Aaron was Moses' older brother. God chose Aaron to be the first high priest for the people of Israel.

(See also: priest, Moses, Israel)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Aaron, Aaron's

Abel

Facts:

Abel was Adam and Eve's second son. He was Cain's younger brother.

(See also: Cain, sacrifice, shepherd)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Abel, Abel's

Abiathar

Facts:

Abiathar was a high priest for the nation of Israel during the time of King David.

(See also: Zadok, Saul (OT), David, Solomon, Adonijah)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Abiathar, Abiathar's

Abijah

Facts:

Abijah was a king of Judah who reigned from 915 to 913 B.C. He was a son of King Rehoboam. There were also several other men named Abijah in the Old Testament:

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Abijah, Abijah's

Abimelek

Facts:

Abimelek was a Philistine king over the region of Gerar during the time when Abraham and Isaac were living in the land of Canaan.

(See also: Beersheba, Gerar, Gideon, Jotham, Philistines)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Abimelek, Abimelek's

Abner

Facts:

Abner was a cousin of King Saul in the Old Testament.

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Abner, Abner's

Abraham

Related Words:

Abram

Facts:

Abram was a Chaldean man from the city of Ur who was chosen by God to be the forefather of the Israelites. God changed his name to "Abraham."

(See also: Canaan, Chaldeans, Sarah, Isaac)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Abraham, Abraham's, Abram

Absalom

Facts:

Absalom was the third son of King David. He was known for his handsome appearance and fiery temperament.

(See also: Geshur, Amnon)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Absalom, Absalom's

Adam

Facts:

Adam was the first person whom God created. He and his wife Eve were made in the image of God.

(See also: death, descendant, Eve, image of God, life)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Adam, Adam's, the man, mankind

Adonijah

Facts:

Adonijah was the fourth son of King David.

(See also: David, Solomon)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Adonijah, Adonijah's

Ahab

Facts:

Ahab was a very evil king who reigned over the northern kingdom of Israel from 875 to 854 BC.

(See also: Baal, Elijah, Jezebel, kingdom of Israel, Yahweh)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Ahab, Ahab's

Ahaz

Facts:

Ahaz was a wicked king who ruled over the kingdom of Judah from 732 BC to 716 BC. This was about 140 years before the time when many people in Israel and Judah were taken as captives to Babylonia.

(See also: Babylon)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Ahaz, Ahaz's

Ahaziah

Facts:

Ahaziah was the name of two kings: one ruled over the kingdom of Israel, and the other ruled over the kingdom of Judah.

(See also: Jehu, Ahab, Jeroboam, Joash)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Ahaziah, Ahaziah's

Ahijah

Facts:

Ahijah was the name of several different men in the Old Testament. The following are some of these men:

(See also: Baasha, Shiloh)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Ahijah, Ahijah's

Ai

Facts:

In Old Testament times, Ai was the name of a Canaanite town located just south of Bethel and about 8 km northwest of Jericho.

(See also: Bethel, Jericho)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Ai

Almighty

Facts:

The term "Almighty" literally means "all-powerful"; in the Bible, it always refers to God.

Translation Suggestions:

(See also: God, lord, power)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Almighty, Almighty's

Amalekite

Related Words:

Amalek

Facts:

The Amalekites were a nomadic people group who lived throughout the southern part of Canaan, from the Negev desert to the country of Arabia. This people group was descended from Amalek, the grandson of Esau.

(See also: Arabia, David, Esau, Negev, Saul (OT))

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Amalek, Amalekite, Amalekites

Amaziah

Facts:

Amaziah became king over the kingdom of Judah when his father, King Joash, was murdered.

(See also: Joash, Edom)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Amaziah, Amaziah's

Ammon

Related Words:

Ammonite

Facts:

The "people of Ammon" or the "Ammonites" were a people group in Canaan. They were descended from Ben-ammi, who was the son of Lot by his younger daughter.

(See also: curse, Jordan River, Lot)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Ammon, Ammonite, Ammonites

Amnon

Facts:

Amnon was the oldest son of King David. His mother was King David's wife Ahinoam.

(See also: David, Absalom)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Amnon, Amnon's

Amorite

Facts:

The Amorites were a powerful group of people who were descended from Noah's grandson Canaan.

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Amorite, Amorites, Amorites'

Amos

Facts:

Amos was an Israelite prophet who lived during the time of King Uzziah of Judah.

(See also: fig, Judah, kingdom of Israel, shepherd, Uzziah)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Amos, Amos'

Amoz

Facts:

Amoz was the father of the prophet Isaiah.

(See also: Amos, Isaiah)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Amoz, Amoz's

Andrew

Facts:

Andrew was one of twelve men whom Jesus chose to be his closest disciples (later called apostles).

(See also: apostle, disciple, the twelve)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Andrew, Andrew's

Annas

Facts:

Annas was the Jewish high priest in Jerusalem for 10 years, from approximately AD 6 to AD 15. Then he was removed from the high priesthood by the Roman government, although he continued to be an influential leader among the Jews.

(See also: high priest, priest)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Annas, Annas'

Antioch

Facts:

Antioch was the name of two cities in the New Testament. One was in Syria, near the coast of the Mediterranean Sea. The other was in the Roman province of Pisidia, near the city of Colossae.

(See also:Barnabas, Colossae, John Mark, Paul, province, Rome, Syria)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Antioch

Apollos

Facts:

Apollos was a Jew from the city of Alexandria in Egypt who had a special ability in teaching people about Jesus.

(See also: Aquila, Ephesus, Priscilla, word of God)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Apollos, Apollos'

Aquila

Facts:

Aquila was a Jewish Christian from the province of Pontus, a region along the southern coast of the Black Sea.

(See also: Apollos, Corinth, Rome)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Aquila, Aquila's

Arabah

Facts:

The Old Testament term "Arabah" often refers to a very large desert and plains region that includes the valley surrounding the Jordan River and extends south to the northern tip of the Red Sea.

(See also: desert, Sea of Reeds, Jordan River, Canaan, Salt Sea, Egypt)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Arabah

Arabia

Related Words:

Arab, Arabian

Facts:

Arabia is the largest peninsula in the world, covering nearly 3,000,000 square kilometers. It is located southeast of Israel, and is bordered by the Red Sea, the Arabian Sea, and the Persian Gulf.

(See also: Esau, Galatia, Ishmael, Shem, Sinai)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Arab, Arabia, Arabian, Arabians

Aram

Related Words:

Aram of Damascus, Aramaic, Aramean

Facts:

"Aram" was the name of two men in the Old Testament. It was also the name of a region northeast of Canaan, where modern-day Syria is located.

(See also: Mesopotamia, Paddan Aram, Rebekah, Shem, Syria)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Aram, Aram of Damascus, Aramaic, Aramean, Arameans

Ararat

Facts:

In the Bible, "Ararat" is the name given to a land, a kingdom, and a mountain range.

(See also: ark, Noah)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Ararat

Artaxerxes

Facts:

Artaxerxes was a king who reigned over the Persian empire from about 464 to 424 BC.

(See also: Xerxes, Babylon, cupbearer, Ezra, Nehemiah, Persia)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Artaxerxes, Artaxerxes'

Asa

Facts:

Asa was a king who ruled over the kingdom of Judah for forty years, from 913 B.C. to 873 B.c.

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Asa, Asa's

Asaph

Facts:

Asaph was a Levite priest and gifted musician who composed the music for the psalms of King David. He also wrote his own psalms.

(See also: descendant, harp, lute, prophet, psalm, trumpet)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Asaph, Asaph's

Ashdod

Related Words:

Azotus

Facts:

Ashdod was one of the five most important cities of the Philistines. It was located in southwestern Canaan near the Mediterranean Sea, halfway between the cities of Gaza and Joppa.

(See also: Ekron, Gath, Gaza, Joppa, Philip, Philistines)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Ashdod, Azotus

Asher

Facts:

Asher was the eighth son of Jacob. His descendants formed one of the twelve tribes of Israel and this tribe was also called "Asher."

(See also: Israel, twelve tribes of Israel)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Asher, Asher's

Asherah

Related Words:

Asherah pole, Ashtoreth

Facts:

Asherah was the name of a goddess that was worshiped by Canaanite people groups during Old Testament times. "Ashtoreth" may be another name for "Asherah," or it could be the name of a different goddess that was very similar.

(See also: god, Baal, Gideon, image, Solomon)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Asherah, Asherah pole, Asherah poles, Asherahs, Ashtoreth, Ashtoreths

Ashkelon

Facts:

In Bible times, Ashkelon was a major Philistine city located on the coast of the Mediterranean Sea. It still exists in Israel today.

(See also: Ashdod, Canaan, Ekron, Gath, Gaza, Philistines, the sea)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Ashkelon

Asia

Facts:

In Bible times, "Asia" was the name of a province of the Roman Empire. It was located in the western part of what is now the country of Turkey.

(See also: Rome, Paul, Ephesus)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Asia

Assyria

Related Words:

Ashur, Assyrian, Assyrian Empire

Facts:

Assyria was a powerful nation during the time the Israelites were living in the land of Canaan. The Assyrian Empire was a group of nations ruled by an Assyrian king.

(See also: Samaria)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Ashur, Assyria, Assyrian, Assyrian Empire, Assyrians

Athaliah

Facts:

Athaliah was the evil wife of Jehoram king of Judah. She was the granddaughter of the evil King Omri of Israel.

(See also: Ahaziah, Jehoram, Joash, Omri)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Athaliah

Azariah

Facts:

Azariah was the name of several men in the Old Testament.

(See also: Babylon, Daniel, Hananiah, Mishael, Jeremiah, Uzziah)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Azariah, Azariah's

Baal

Facts:

"Baal" means "lord" or "master" and was the name of the primary false god that was worshiped by the Canaanites.

(See also: Ahab, Asherah, Elijah, god, prostitute, Yahweh)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Baal, Baal's

Baasha

Facts:

Baasha was one of Israel's evil kings, who influenced the Israelites to worship idols.

(See also: Asa, god)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Baasha, Baasha's

Babel

Facts:

Babel was a chief city in a region called Shinar in the southern part of Mesopotamia. Shinar was later called Babylonia.

(See also: Babylon, Ham, Mesopotamia)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Babel, Babel's

Babylon

Related Words:

Babylonia, Babylonian

Facts:

The city of Babylon was the capital of the ancient region of Babylonia, which was also part of the Babylonian Empire.

(See also: Babel, Chaldeans, Judah, Nebuchadnezzar)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Babylon, Babylon's, Babylonia, Babylonian, Babylonians

Balaam

Facts:

Balaam was a pagan prophet whom King Balek hired to curse Israel while they were camped at the Jordan River in northern Moab, preparing to enter the land of Canaan.

(See also: bless, Canaan, curse, donkey, Euphrates, Jordan River, Midian, Moab, Peor)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Balaam, Balaam's

Barabbas

Facts:

Barabbas was a prisoner in Jerusalem at the time when Jesus was arrested.

(See also: Pilate, Rome)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Barabbas, Barabbas'

Barnabas

Facts:

Barnabas was one of the early Christians who lived during the time of the apostles.

(See also: Christian, Cyprus, good news, Levi, Paul)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Barnabas, Barnabas'

Bartholomew

Facts:

Bartholomew was one of Jesus' twelve apostles.

(See also: apostle, good news, Holy Spirit, miracle, Pentecost, the twelve)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Bartholomew, Bartholomew's

Baruch

Facts:

Baruch is the name of several men in the Old Testament.

(See also: disciple, Jeremiah, Jerusalem, Nehemiah, prophet)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Baruch, Baruch's

Bashan

Facts:

Bashan was a region of land east of the Sea of Galilee. It covered an area that is now part of Syria and the Golan Heights.

(See also: Egypt, oak, Sea of Galilee, Syria)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Bashan, Bashan's

Bathsheba

Facts:

Bathsheba was the wife of Uriah, a soldier in King David's army. After Uriah's death, she became the wife of David, and the mother of Solomon.

(See also: David, Solomon. Uriah)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Bathsheba, Bathsheba's

Beelzebul

Facts:

Beelzebul is another name for Satan, or the devil. It is also sometimes spelled, "Beelzebub."

(See also: demon, Ekron, Satan)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Beelzebul, Beelzebul's

Beersheba

Facts:

In Old Testament times, Beersheba was a city located about 45 miles southwest of Jerusalem in a desert area that is now called the Negev.

(See also: Abimelek, Abraham, Hagar, Ishmael, Jerusalem, oath)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Beersheba

Benaiah

Facts:

Benaiah was the name of several men in the Old Testament.

(See also: Asaph, Jehoiada, Levi, Solomon)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Benaiah, Benaiah's

Benjamin

Related Words:

Benjamite

Facts:

Benjamin was the youngest son born to Jacob and his wife Rachel. His name means, "son of my right hand."

(See also: Israel, Jacob, Joseph (OT), Paul, Rachel, twelve tribes of Israel)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Benjamin, Benjamin's, Benjamite, Benjamites

Berea

Facts:

In New Testament times, Berea (or Beroea) was a prosperous Greek city in southeast Macedonia, about 80 kilometers south of Thessalonica.

(See also: Macedonia, Paul, Silas, Thessalonica)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Berea

Beth Shemesh

Facts:

Beth Shemesh was the name of a Canaanite city approximately 30 kilometers west of Jerusalem.

(See also: ark of the covenant, Canaan, Jerusalem, Joshua, Levi, Philistines)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Beth Shemesh

Bethany

Facts:

The town of Bethany was located at the base of the eastern slope of the Mount of Olives, about 2 miles east of Jerusalem.

(See also: Jericho, Jerusalem, Lazarus, Martha, Mary (sister of Martha), Mount of Olives)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Bethany

Bethel

Facts:

Bethel was a city located just north of Jerusalem in the land of Canaan. It was formerly called "Luz."

(See also: Abraham, altar, Jacob, Jerusalem)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Bethel

Bethlehem

Facts:

Bethlehem was a small city in the land of Israel, near the city of Jerusalem. It was also known as "Ephrathah," which was probably its original name.

(See also: Caleb, David, Micah)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Bethlehem

Bethuel

Facts:

Bethuel was the son of Abraham's brother Nahor.

(See also: Beersheba, Laban, Nahor, Rebekah)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Bethuel, Bethuel's

Boaz

Facts:

Boaz was an Israelite man who was the husband of Ruth, the great grandfather of King David, and an ancestor of Jesus Christ.

(See also: Moab, redeem, Ruth)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Boaz, Boaz's

Book of Life

Definition:

The term "Book of Life" is used to refer to where God has written the names of all the people whom he has redeemed and given eternal life to.

(See also: eternity, lamb, life, sacrifice, scroll)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Book of Life

Caesar

Related Words:

the emperor

Facts:

The term "Caesar" was the name or title used by many of the rulers of the Roman Empire. In the Bible, this name refers to three different Roman rulers.

(See also: king, Paul, Rome)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Caesar, Caesar's, the emperor

Caesarea

Related Words:

Caesarea Philippi

Facts:

Caesarea was an important city on the coast of the Mediterranean Sea, about 39 km south of Mount Carmel. Caesarea Philippi was a city located in the northeastern part of Israel, near Mount Hermon.

(See also: Caesar, Gentile, the sea, Carmel, Hermon, Rome, Tarsus)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Caesarea, Caesarea Philippi

Caiaphas

Facts:

Caiaphas was the high priest of Israel during the time of John the Baptist and Jesus.

(See also: Annas, high priest)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Caiaphas, Caiaphas'

Cain

Facts:

Cain and his younger brother Abel were the first sons of Adam and Eve mentioned in the Bible.

(See also: Adam, sacrifice)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Cain, Cain's

Caleb

Facts:

Caleb was one of the twelve Israelite spies whom Moses sent to explore the land of Canaan.

(See also: Hebron, Joshua)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Caleb, Caleb's

Cana

Facts:

Cana was a village or town in the province of Galilee, located about nine miles north of Nazareth.

(See also: Capernaum, Galilee, the twelve)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Cana

Canaan

Related Ideas:

Canaanite

Facts:

Canaan was the son of Ham, who was one of Noah's sons. The Canaanites were the descendants of Canaan.

(See also: Ham, Promised Land)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Canaan, Canaanite, Canaanites

Capernaum

Facts:

Capernaum was a fishing village on the northwest shore of the Sea of Galilee.

(See also: Galilee, Sea of Galilee)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Capernaum

Carmel

Related Ideas:

Carmelite, Mount Carmel

Facts:

"Mount Carmel" refers to a mountain range that was located along the coast of the Mediterranean Sea just north of the Plain of Sharon. Its highest peak is 546 meters high.

(See also: Baal, Elijah, Judah, Salt Sea)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Carmel, Carmelite, Mount Carmel

Chaldeans

Related Words:

Chaldea

Facts:

Chaldea was a region in the southern part of Mesopotamia or Babylonia. The people who lived in this region were called Chaldeans.

(See also: Abraham, Babylon, Shinar, Ur)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Chaldea, Chaldean, Chaldeans, Chaldeans'

Christ

Related Ideas:

Christ Jesus, Jesus Christ, Messiah

Facts:

The terms "Messiah" and "Christ" mean "Anointed One" and refer to Jesus, God's Son.

Translation Suggestions:

(See also: Son of God, David, Jesus, anoint)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Christ, Christ Jesus, Jesus Christ, Messiah

Christian

Definition:

Some time after Jesus went back to heaven, people made up the name "Christian" which means, "follower of Christ."

Translation Suggestions:

(See also: Antioch, Christ, church, disciple, believe, Jesus, Son of God)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Christian, Christians

Cilicia

Facts:

Cilicia was a small Roman province located in the southeastern part of what is now the modern-day country of Turkey. It borders the Aegean Sea.

(See also: Paul, Stephen, Tarsus)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Cilicia

Colossae

Related Words:

Colossae, Colossians

Facts:

In New Testament times, Colossae was a city located in the Roman province of Phrygia, an area of land that is now southwestern Turkey. The Colossians were the people who lived in Colossae.

(See also: Ephesus, Paul)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Colossae, Colossians

Corinth

Related Words:

Corinth, Corinthians

Facts:

Corinth was a city in the country of Greece, about 50 miles west of Athens. The Corinthians were the people who lived at Corinth.

(See also: Apollos, Timothy, Titus)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Corinth, Corinthians

Cornelius

Facts:

Cornelius was a Gentile, or non-Jewish man, who was a military officer in the Roman army.

(See also: apostle, believe, Gentile, good news, Greek, centurion)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Cornelius, Cornelius'

Crete

Related Words:

Cretan

Facts:

Crete is an island that is located off the southern coast of Greece. A "Cretan" is someone who lives on this island.

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Cretan, Cretans, Crete

Cush

Related Ideas:

Cushite

Facts:

Cush was the oldest son of Noah's son Ham. He was also the ancestor of Nimrod. Two of his brothers were named Egypt and Canaan.

(See also: Arabia, Canaan, Egypt, Ethiopia)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Cush, Cushite, Cushites

Cyprus

Facts:

Cyprus is an island in the Mediterranean Sea, about 64 kilometers south of the modern-day country of Turkey.

(See also: Barnabas, John Mark, the sea)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Cyprus

Cyrene

Related Ideas:

Cyrenian

Facts:

Cyrene was a Greek city on the north coast of Africa on the Mediterranean Sea, directly south of the island of Crete.

(See also: Crete)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Cyrene, Cyrenians

Cyrus

Facts:

Cyrus was a Persian king who founded the Persian empire in about 550 BC, through military conquest. In history he was also known as Cyrus the Great.

(See also: Daniel, Darius, Ezra, Nehemiah, Persia)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Cyrus, Cyrus'

Damascus

Facts:

Damascus is the capital city of the country of Syria. It is still in the same location as it was in Bible times.

(See also: Aram, Assyria, believe, Syria)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Damascus

Dan

Related Words:

Danite

Facts:

Dan was the fifth son of Jacob and was one of the twelve tribes of Israel.The region settled by the tribe of Dan in the northern part of Canaan also was given this name.

(See also: Canaan, Jerusalem, twelve tribes of Israel)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Dan, Dan's, Danite, Danites

Daniel

Facts:

Daniel was an Israelite prophet who as a young man was taken captive by the Babylonian king Nebuchadnezzar around 600 BC.

(See also: Babylon, Nebuchadnezzar)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Daniel, Daniel's

Darius

Facts:

Darius was the name of several kings of Persia. It is possible that "Darius" was a title rather than a name.

(See also: Persia, Babylon, Daniel, Ezra, Nehemiah)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Darius, Darius'

David

Facts:

David was the second king of Israel and he loved and served God. He was the main writer of the book of Psalms.

(See also: Goliath, Philistines, Saul (OT))

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

David, David's

Delilah

Facts:

Delilah was a Philistine woman who was loved by Samson, but was not his wife.

(See also: bribe, Philistines, Samson)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Delilah, Delilah's

Eden

Related Ideas:

garden of Eden

Facts:

In ancient times, Eden was a region that had a garden where God placed the first man and woman to live.

(See also: Adam, Euphrates, Eve)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Eden, garden of Eden

Edom

Related Words:

Edomite, Idumea

Facts:

Edom was another name for Esau. The region where he lived also became known as "Edom" and later, "Idumea." The "Edomites" were his descendants.

(See also: adversary, birthright, Esau, Obadiah, prophet)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Edom, Edom's, Edomite, Edomites, Idumea

Egypt

Related Words:

Egyptian

Facts:

Egypt is a country in the northeast part of Africa, to the southwest of the land of Canaan. An Egyptian is a person who is from the country of Egypt.

(See also: Herod the Great, Joseph (NT), Nile River, patriarch)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Egypt, Egypt's, Egyptian, Egyptians, Egyptians'

Ekron

Related Words:

Ekronite

Facts:

Ekron was a major city of the Philistines, located nine miles inland from the Mediterranean Sea.

(See also: Ahaziah, ark of the covenant, Ashdod, Beelzebul, god, Gath, Philistines)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Ekron, Ekronites

Elam

Related Words:

Elamite

Facts:

Elam was a son of Shem and a grandson of Noah.

(See also: Noah, Shem)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Elam, Elamites

Eleazar

Facts:

Eleazar was the name of several men in the Bible.

(See also: Aaron, high priest, David, mighty)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Eleazar, Eleazar's

Eliakim

Facts:

Eliakim was the name of two men in the Old Testament.

(See also: Hezekiah, Jehoiakim, Josiah, Pharaoh)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Eliakim, Eliakim's

Elijah

Facts:

Elijah was one of the most important prophets of Yahweh. Elijah prophesied during the reigns of several kings of Israel and Judah, including King Ahab.

(See also: miracle, prophet, Yahweh)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Elijah, Elijah's

Elisha

Facts:

Elisha was a prophet in Israel during the reigns of several kings of Israel: Ahab, Ahaziah, Jehoram, Jehu, Jehoahaz, and Jehoash.

(See also: Elijah, Naaman, prophet)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Elisha, Elisha's

Elizabeth

Facts:

Elizabeth was the mother of John the Baptist. Her husband's name was Zechariah.

(See also: John (the Baptist), Zechariah (NT))

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Elizabeth, Elizabeth's

En Gedi

Facts:

En Gedi was the name of a city in the wilderness of Judah southeast of Jerusalem.

(See also: David, desert, fountain, Judah, rest, Salt Sea, Saul (OT), stronghold, vineyard)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

En Gedi

Enoch

Facts:

Enoch was the name of two men in the Old Testament.

(See also: Cain, Seth)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Enoch, Enoch's

Ephesus

Related Words:

Ephesian

Facts:

Ephesus was an ancient Greek city on the west coast of what is now the present-day country of Turkey.

(See also: Asia, Paul, Timothy)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Ephesian, Ephesians, Ephesus

Ephraim

Related Words:

Ephraimite

Facts:

Ephraim was the second son of Joseph. His descendants, the Ephraimites, formed one of the twelve tribes of Israel.

(See also: kingdom of Israel, twelve tribes of Israel)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Ephraim, Ephraim's, Ephraimite, Ephraimites

Ephrathah

Related Words:

Ephrath, Ephrathite

Facts:

Ephrathah was the name of a city and region in the northern part of Israel. The city of Ephrathah was also called "Ephrath," and later it was called "Bethlehem" and "Ephrathah-Bethlehem."

(See also: Bethlehem, Boaz, Caleb, David, Israel)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Ephrath, Ephrathah, Ephrathite, Ephrathites

Esau

Facts:

Esau was one of the twin sons of Isaac and Rebekah. He was the first baby born to them. His twin brother was Jacob.

(See also: Edom, Isaac, Jacob, Rebekah)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Esau, Esau's

Esther

Facts:

Esther was a Jewish woman who became queen of the Persian kingdom during the time of the Babylonian captivity of the Jews.

(See also: Xerxes, Babylon, Mordecai, Persia)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Esther, Esther's

Ethiopia

Related Words:

Ethiopian

Facts:

Ethiopia is a country in Africa located just south of Egypt, bordered by the Nile River to the west and by the Red Sea to the east. A person from Ethiopia is an "Ethiopian."

(See also: Cush, Egypt, eunuch, Philip)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Ethiopia, Ethiopian

Euphrates

Related Words:

Euphrates River, the River

Facts:

The Euphrates is the name of one of the four rivers that flowed through the Garden of Eden. It is the river that is most often mentioned in the Bible.

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Euphrates, Euphrates River, the River

Eve

Facts:

This was the name of the first woman. Her name means "life" or "living."

(See also: Adam, life, Satan)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Eve, Eve's

Ezekiel

Facts:

Ezekiel was a prophet of God during the exile period when many Jews were taken to Babylon.

(See also: Babylon, Christ, exile, prophet)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Ezekiel, Ezekiel's

Ezra

Facts:

Ezra was an Israelite priest and expert in Jewish law who recorded the history of the Israelites' return to Jerusalem from Babylon where Israel had been held captive for 70 years.

(See also: Babylon, exile, Jerusalem, law of Moses, Nehemiah, temple)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Ezra, Ezra's

Gabriel

Facts:

Gabriel is the name of one of God's angels. He is mentioned by name several times, in both the Old and New Testaments.

(See also: angel, Daniel, Elizabeth, John (the Baptist), Mary, prophet, Son of God, Zechariah (NT))

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Gabriel, Gabriel's

Gad

Related Words

Gadite

Facts:

Gad was one of the sons of Jacob. Jacob was also named Isreal.

(See also: census, prophet, twelve tribes of Israel)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Gad, Gadite, Gadites, Gad's

Galatia

Related Words:

Galatian

Facts:

In New Testament times, Galatia was a large Roman province located in the central part of what is now the country of Turkey.

(See also: Asia, believe, Cilicia, good news, Paul, work)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Galatia, Galatians

Galilee

Related Words:

Galilean

Facts:

Galilee was the most northern region of Israel, just north of Samaria. A "Galilean" was a person who lived in Galilee or who lived in Galilee.

(See also: Nazareth, Samaria, Sea of Galilee)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Galilee, Galilean, Galileans

Gath

Related Words:

Gittite

Facts:

Gath was one of the five major cities of the Philistines. It was located north of Ekron and east of Ashdod and Ashkelon.

(See also: Ashdod, Ashkelon, Ekron, Gaza, Goliath, Philistines)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Gath, Gittite, Gittites

Gaza

Related Words

Gazite

Facts:

During Bible times, Gaza was a prosperous Philistine city located on the coast of the Mediterranean Sea, about 38 kilometers south of Ashdod. It was one of the Philistines' five major cities.

(See also: Ashdod, Philip, Philistines, Ethiopia, Gath)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Gaza, Gazites

Gentile

Facts:

The term "Gentile" refers to anyone who is not a Jew. Gentiles are people who are not descendants of Jacob.

(See also: Israel, Jacob, Jew)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Gentile, Gentiles

Gerar

Facts:

Gerar was a city and region in the land of Canaan, located southwest of Hebron and northwest of Beersheba.

(See also: Abimelek, Beersheba, Hebron, Philistines)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Gerar

Geshur

Related Words:

Geshurite

Facts:

During the time of King David, Geshur was a small kingdom located on the east side of the Sea of Galilee between the countries of Israel and Aram.

(See also: Absalom, Amnon, Aram, Sea of Galilee)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Geshur, Geshurites

Gethsemane

Facts:

Gethsemane was a garden of olive trees east of Jerusalem beyond the Kidron valley and near the Mount of Olives.

(See also: Judas Iscariot, Kidron Valley, Mount of Olives)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Gethsemane

Gibeah

Facts:

Gibeah was a city located north of Jerusalem and south of Bethel.

(See also: Benjamin, Bethel, Jerusalem)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Gibeah

Gibeon

Related Words:

Gibeonite

Facts:

Gibeon was a city that was located about 13 kilometers northwest of Jerusalem. The people living in Gibeon were the Gibeonites.

(See also: Gilgal, Jericho, Jerusalem)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Gibeon, Gibeonite, Gibeonites

Gideon

Facts:

Gideon was an Israelite man whom God raised up to deliver the Israelites from their enemies.

(See also: Baal, Asherah, deliver, Midian, Yahweh)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Gideon, Gideon's

Gilead

Gileadite

Facts:

Gilead was the name of a mountainous region east of the Jordan river where the Israelite tribes of Gad, Reuben, and Manasseh lived.

(See also: Gad, Jephthah, Manasseh, Reuben, twelve tribes of Israel)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Gilead, Gileadite, Gileadites

Gilgal

Facts:

Gilgal was a town north of Jericho and was the first place that the Israelites camped after crossing the Jordan River to enter Canaan.

(See also: Elijah, , Elisha, Jericho, Jordan River)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Gilgal

Girgashites

Facts:

The Girgashites were a people group living near the Sea of Galilee in the land of Canaan.

(See also: Canaan , Ham, Noah)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Girgashites

God

Related Ideas:

the living God

Facts:

In the Bible, the term "God" refers to the eternal being who created the universe out of nothing. God exists as Father, Son, and Holy Spirit. God's personal name is "Yahweh."

Translation Suggestions:

(See also: create, god, God the Father, Holy Spirit, god, Son of God, Yahweh)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

God, God's, the living God

God the Father

Related Ideas:

Father, heavenly Father, my Father

Facts:

The terms "God the Father" and "heavenly Father" refer to Yahweh, the one true God. Another term with the same meaning is "Father," used most often when Jesus was referring to him.

Translation Suggestions:

(See also: father, God, heaven, Holy Spirit, Jesus, Son of God)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Father, God the Father, heavenly Father, my Father

Golgotha

Facts:

"Golgotha" was the name of the place where Jesus was crucified. Its name comes from an Aramaic word that means "Skull" or "Place of the Skull."

(See also: Aram, Mount of Olives)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Golgotha

Goliath

Facts:

Goliath was a very tall and very large soldier in the army of the Philistines who was killed by David.

(See also: David, Philistines)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Goliath, Goliath's

Gomorrah

Facts:

Gomorrah was a city located in a fertile valley near Sodom, where Abraham's nephew Lot chose to live.

(See also: Abraham , Babylon, Lot, Salt Sea, Sodom)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Gomorrah

Goshen

Facts:

Goshen was the name of a fertile region of land located along the Nile River in the northern part of Egypt.

(See also: Egypt, famine, Moses, Nile River)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Goshen

Greece

Facts:

During New Testament times, Greece was a province in the Roman Empire.

(See also: Corinth, Gentile, Greek, Hebrew, Philippi, Thessalonica)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Greece

Greek

Related Words:

Grecian

Facts:

The term "Greek" refers to the language spoken in the country of Greece. It is also a person from the country of Greece. Greek was also spoken throughout the Roman Empire. The term "Grecian" means "Greek-speaking."

(See also: Aram, Gentile, Greece, Hebrew, Rome)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Greek, Greeks, Grecian

Habakkuk

Facts:

Habakkuk was an Old Testament prophet who lived around the time that King Jehoiakim was reigning over Judah. The prophet Jeremiah was also alive during some of this time.

(See also: Babylon, Jehoiakim, Jeremiah)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Habakkuk, Habakkuk's

Hades

Related Ideas:

Sheol

Definition:

The terms "Hades" and "Sheol" are used in the Bible to refer to death and the place where the souls of people go when they die. Their meanings are similar.

Translation Suggestions

(See also: death, heaven, hell, tomb)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Hades, Sheol

Hagar

Facts:

Hagar was an Egyptian woman who was Sarai's personal slave.

(See also: Abraham, descendant, Ishmael, Sarah, servant)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Hagar

Haggai

Facts:

Haggai was a prophet of Judah after the Jews returned home from being captives in Babylon.

(See also: Babylon, Judah, Nebuchadnezzar, Uzziah, Zechariah (OT))

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Haggai, Haggai's

Ham

Related Words:

Hamite

Facts:

Ham was the second of Noah's three sons.

(See also: ark, Canaan, dishonor, Noah)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Ham, Hamite, Hamites

Hamath

Related Words:

Hamath Zobah, Hamathite, Lebo Hamath

Facts:

Hamath was an important city in northern Syria, north of the land of Canaan. The Hamathites were descendants of Noah's son Canaan.

(See also: Babylon, Canaan, Nebuchadnezzar, Syria, Zedekiah)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Hamath, Hamath Zobah, Hamathites, Lebo Hamath

Hamor

Facts:

Hamor was a Canaanite man living in the city of Shechem when Jacob and his family were living in nearby Sukkoth. He was a Hivite.

(See also: Canaan, Hivite, Jacob, Shechem, Sukkoth)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Hamor, Hamor's

Hananiah

Facts:

Hananiah was the name of several different men in the Old Testament.

(See also: Azariah, Babylon, Daniel, false prophet, Jeremiah, Mishael)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Hananiah, Hananiah's

Hannah

Facts:

Hannah was the mother of the prophet Samuel. She was one of two wives of Elkanah.

(See also: conceive, Samuel)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Hannah, Hannah's

Haran

Facts:

Haran was a younger brother of Abram and the father of Lot.

(See also: Abraham, Caleb, Canaan, Levi, Lot, Terah, Ur)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Haran

Hebrew

Facts:

The "Hebrews" were people who were descended from Abraham through the line of Isaac and Jacob. Abraham is the first person in the Bible to be called a "Hebrew."

(See also: Israel, Jew, Jewish authorities)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Hebrew, Hebrews, Hebrews'

Hebron

Related Words:

Hebronite

Facts:

Hebron was a city located in the high, rocky hills about 20 miles south of Jerusalem.

(See also: Absalom)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Hebron, Hebronites, Hebronites', Hebronite's, Hebron's

Hermon

Facts:

Mount Hermon is the name of the tallest mountain in Israel at the southern tip of the Lebanon mountain range.

(See also: Israel, Sea of Galilee, Syria)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Hermon, Mount Hermon, Senir

Herod Antipas

Facts:

During most of Jesus' lifetime, Herod Antipas was the ruler of the part of the Roman Empire that included Galilee province.

(See also: crucify, Herod the Great, John (the Baptist), king, Rome)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Herod, Herod Antipas

Herod the Great

Facts:

Herod the Great was ruling over Judea at the time Jesus was born. He was the first of several Edomite rulers named Herod who ruled over parts of the Roman Empire.

(See also: Herod Antipas, Judea, king, temple)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Herod, Herod the Great, Herod's

Herodias

Facts:

Herodias was the wife of Herod Antipas in Judea during the time of John the Baptist.

(See also: Herod Antipas, John (the Baptist))

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Herodias, Herodias'

Hezekiah

Facts:

Hezekiah was the 13th king over the kingdom of Judah. He was a king who trusted and obeyed God.

(See also: Ahaz, Assyria, god, Judah, Sennacherib)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Hezekiah, Hezekiah's

Hilkiah

Facts:

Hilkiah was the high priest during the reign of King Josiah.

(See also: Eliakim, Hezekiah, high priest, Josiah, Judah, law, worship, Yahweh)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Hilkiah, Hilkiah's

Hittite

Facts:

The Hittites were descendants of Ham through his son Canaan. They became a large empire located in what is now Turkey and northern Palestine.

(See also: descendant, Esau, foreigner, Ham, mighty, Solomon, Uriah)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Hittite, Hittites

Hivite

Facts:

The Hivites were one of seven major people groups living in the land of Canaan.

(See also: Canaan, Hamor, Noah, Shechem)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Hivite, Hivites

Holy One

Related Ideas:

holy one

Definition:

The term "Holy One" is a title in the Bible that almost always refers to God.

Translation Suggestions:

(See also: holy, God)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Holy One, holy ones

Holy Spirit

Related Ideas:

Spirit, Spirit of God, Spirit of the Lord, Spirit of the Lord Yahweh

Facts:

These terms all refer to the Holy Spirit, who is God. The one true God exists eternally as the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit.

Translation Suggestions:

(See also: holy, spirit, God, lord, God the Father, Son of God, gift)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Holy Spirit, Spirit, Spirit of God, Spirit of the Lord, Spirit of the Lord Yahweh

Horeb

Facts:

Mount Horeb is another name for Mount Sinai, where God gave Moses the stone tablets with the ten commandments.

(See also: covenant, Israel, Moses, Sinai, Ten Commandments)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Horeb

Hosea

Facts:

Hosea was a prophet of Israel who lived and prophesied about 750 years before the time of Christ.

(See also: Ahaz, Hezekiah, Hoshea, Jeroboam, Jotham, Uzziah, Zechariah (OT))

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Hosea, Hosea's

Hoshea

Facts:

Hoshea was the name of a king of Israel and several other men in the Old Testament.

(See also: Ahaz, Canaan, Ephraim, Hezekiah, Joshua, Moses)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Hoshea, Hoshea's

Iconium

Facts:

Iconium was a city in the south central part of what is now the country of Turkey.

(See also: Barnabas, Lystra, stone)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Iconium

Isaac

Facts:

Isaac was the only son of Abraham and Sarah. God had promised to give them a son even though they were very old.

(See also: Abraham, descendant, eternity, fulfill, Jacob, Sarah, twelve tribes of Israel)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Isaac, Isaac's

Isaiah

Facts:

Isaiah was a prophet of God who prophesied during the reigns of four kings of Judah: Uzziah, Jotham, Ahaz, and Hezekiah.

(See also: Ahaz, Assyria, Christ, Hezekiah, Jotham, Judah, prophet, Uzziah)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Isaiah, Isaiah's

Ishmael

Related Words:

Ishmaelite

Facts:

Ishmael was the son of Abraham and the Egyptian slave Hagar. There were several other men in the Old Testament named Ishmael.

(See also: Abraham, Babylon, covenant, desert, Egypt, Hagar, Isaac, Nebuchadnezzar, Paran, Sarah)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Ishmael, Ishmaelite, Ishmaelites, Ishmael's

Israel

Related Ideas:

Israelite

Facts:

The term "Israel" is the name that God gave to Jacob. It means "he struggles with God."

(See also: Jacob, kingdom of Israel, Judah, nation, twelve tribes of Israel)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Israel, Israel's, Israelite, Israelite's, Israelites, Israelites'

Issachar

Facts:

Issachar was the fifth son of Jacob. His mother was Leah.

(See also: Gad, Manasseh, Naphtali, twelve tribes of Israel, Zebulun)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Issachar, Issachar's

Jacob

Facts:

Jacob was the younger twin son of Isaac and Rebekah.

(See also: Canaan, deceive, Esau, Isaac, Israel, Rebekah, twelve tribes of Israel)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Jacob, Jacob's

James brother of Jesus

Facts:

James was a son of Mary and Joseph. He was one of Jesus' younger half-brothers.

(See also: apostle, Christ, church, Judas son of James, persecute)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

James

James son of Alphaeus

Facts:

James, the son of Alphaeus, was one of Jesus' twelve disciples. Jesus also called these men apostles.

(See also: apostle, disciple, James (brother of Jesus), James (son of Zebedee), the twelve)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

James son of Alphaeus

James son of Zebedee

Facts:

James, a son of Zebedee, was one of Jesus' twelve apostles. He had a younger brother named John who was also one of Jesus' apostles.

(See also: apostle, Elijah, James (brother of Jesus), James (son of Alphaeus), Moses)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

James son of Zebedee, James

Japheth

Facts:

Japheth was one of Noah's three sons.

(See also: ark, flood, Ham, Noah, Shem)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Japheth, Japheth's

Jebus

Related Words

Jebusite

Facts:

The Jebusites were a people group living in the land of Canaan. They were descended from Ham's son Canaan.

(See also: Canaan, Ham, Jerusalem, Melchizedek)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Jebus, Jebusite, Jebusites

Jehoiachin

Facts:

Jehoiachin was a king who ruled over the kingdom of Judah.

(See also: Babylon, Jehoiakim, Judah, Manasseh)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Jehoiachin, Jehoiachin's

Jehoiada

Facts:

Jehoiada was a priest who helped hide and protect King Ahaziah's son Joash until he was old enough to be declared king.

(See also: Ahaziah, Baal, Benaiah, Joash)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Jehoiada, Jehoiada's

Jehoiakim

Facts:

Jehoiakim was an evil king who reigned over the kingdom of Judah, beginning around 608 B.C. He was King Josiah's son. His name was originally Eliakim.

(See also: Babylon, Eliakim, Jeremiah, Judah, Nebuchadnezzar)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Jehoiakim, Jehoiakim's

Jehoram

Facts:

"Jehoram" was the name of two kings in the Old Testament. Both kings were also known as "Joram."

(See also: Ahab, Jehoshaphat, Joram, Judah, kingdom of Israel, Obadiah)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Jehoram, Jehoram's

Jehoshaphat

Facts:

Jehoshaphat was the name of at least two men in the Old Testament.

(See also: altar, David, god, Israel, Judah, priest, Solomon)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Jehoshaphat, Jehoshaphat's

Jehu

Facts:

Jehu was the name of two men in the Old Testament.

(See also: Ahab, Ahaziah, Baal, Elisha, Jehoshaphat, Jehu, Jezebel, Joram, Judah, Samaria)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Jehu, Jehu's

Jephthah

Facts:

Jephthah was a warrior from Gilead who served as a judge over Israel.

(See also: Ammon, deliver, Ephraim, judge, vow)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Jephthah, Jephthah's

Jeremiah

Facts:

Jeremiah was a prophet of God in the kingdom of Judah. The Old Testament book of Jeremiah contains his prophecies.

(See also: Babylon, Judah, prophet, rebel, suffer, well)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Jeremiah, Jeremiah's

Jericho

Facts:

Jericho was a powerful city in the land of Canaan. It was located just west of the Jordan River and just north of the Salt Sea.

(See also: Canaan, Jordan River, Joshua, miracle, Salt Sea)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Jericho, Jericho's

Jeroboam

Facts:

Jeroboam son of Nebat was the first king of the northern kingdom of Israel around 900-910 BC. Another Jeroboam, son of King Jehoash, ruled over Israel about 120 years later.

(See also: god, kingdom of Israel, Judah, Solomon)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Jeroboam, Jeroboam's

Jerusalem

Facts:

Jerusalem was originally an ancient Canaanite city that later became the most important city in Israel. It is located about 34 kilometers west of the Salt Sea and just north of Bethlehem. It is still the capital city of Israel today.

(See also: Babylon, Christ, David, Jebus, Jesus, Solomon, temple, Zion)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Jerusalem, Jerusalem's

Jesse

Facts:

Jesse was the father of King David and the grandson of Ruth and Boaz.

(See also: Bethlehem, Boaz, descendant, fruit, Jesus, king, prophet, Ruth, twelve tribes of Israel)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Jesse, Jesse's

Jesus

Related Ideas:

the Lord Jesus

Facts:

Jesus is God's Son. The name "Jesus" means "Yahweh saves."

Translation Suggestions:

(See also: Christ, God, God the Father, high priest, kingdom of God, Mary, Savior, Son of God)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Jesus, the Lord Jesus

Jethro

Facts:

The names "Jethro" and "Reuel" both refer to the father of Moses' wife, Zipporah. There were also two other men named "Reuel" in the Old Testament.

(See also: captive, clan, desert, Egypt, Esau, miracle, Moses, desert)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Jethro, Reuel

Jew

Related Ideas:

Jewish, person of Judah

Facts:

Jews are people who are descendants of Abraham's grandson Jacob. The word "Jew" comes from the word "Judah."

(See also: Abraham, Jacob, Israel, Babylon, Jewish authorities)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Jew, Jewish, Jews, Jews', a person of Judah, the language of Judah, the people of Judah

Jewish authorities

Related Ideas:

Jewish leader

Definitions:

The term "Jewish leader" or "Jewish authority" refers to religious leaders such as the priests and teachers of God's laws. They also had the authority to make judgments about non-religious matters as well.

(See also: Jew, chief priests, council, high priest, Pharisee, priest, Sadducee, scribe)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Jewish authorities, Jewish leader

Jezebel

Facts:

Jezebel was the wicked wife of King Ahab of Israel.

(See also: Ahab, Elijah, god)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Jezebel, Jezebel's

Jezreel

Related Words:

Jezreelite

Facts:

Jezreel was an important Israelite city in the territory of the Issachar tribe, located southwest of the Salt Sea. A Jezreelite is a person from this city.

(See also: Ahab, Elijah, Issachar, Jezebel, palace, Salt Sea)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Jezreel, Jezreelite

Joab

Facts:

Joab was an important military leader for King David throughout David's entire reign.

(See also: Absalom, David)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Joab, Joab's

Joash

Facts:

Joash was the name of several men in the Old Testament.

(See also: Ahaziah, altar, Benjamin, god, Gideon, high place, god)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Joash, Joash's

Job

Facts:

Job was a man who is described in the Bible as blameless and righteous before God. He is best known for persevering in his faith in God through times of terrible suffering.

(See also: Abraham, Esau, flood, JacobNoah, people group)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Job, Job's

Joel

Facts:

Joel was a prophet who probably lived during the reign of King Joash of Judah. There were also several other men in the Old Testament named Joel.

(See also: Joash, Judah, Pentecost)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Joel, Joel's

John Mark

Facts:

John Mark, also known as "Mark," was one of the men who traveled with Paul on his missionary journeys. He is most likely the author of the Gospel of Mark.

(See also: Barnabas, Paul)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

John Mark, John ... Mark, Mark

John the Baptist

Facts:

John was the son of Zechariah and Elizabeth. Since "John" was a common name, he is often called "John the Baptist" to distinguish him from the other people named John, such as the Apostle John.

(See also: baptize, Zechariah (NT))

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

John the Baptist, Baptist, John the Baptist, John's

John the apostle

Facts:

John was one of Jesus' twelve apostles and one of Jesus' closest friends.

(See also: apostle, reveal, James (son of Zebedee), John (the Baptist), Zebedee)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

John

Jonah

Facts:

Jonah was a Hebrew prophet in the Old Testament.

(See also: disobey, Nineveh, turn)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Jonah, Jonah's

Jonathan

Facts:

Jonathan was the name of at least ten men in the Old Testament. The name means "Yahweh has given."

(See also: Abiathar, David, Moses, Jeremiah, priest, Saul (OT), scribe)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Jonathan, Jonathan's

Joppa

Facts:

In Bible times, the city of Joppa was an important commercial seaport located on the Mediterranean Sea, south of the Plain of Sharon.

(See also: the sea, Jerusalem, Sharon, Tarshish)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Joppa

Joram

Facts:

Joram son of Ahab was a king of Israel. He was also sometimes referred to as "Jehoram."

(See also: Ahab, David, Elijah, Hamath, Jehoram, kingdom of Israel, Judah, Obadiah, prophet)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Joram, Joram's

Jordan River

Facts:

The Jordan River is a river that flows from north to south, and forms the eastern boundary of the land that was called Canaan.

(See also: Canaan, Salt Sea, Sea of Galilee)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Jordan River, Jordan

Joseph (New Testament)

Facts:

In the New Testament, one of the men named Joseph was Mary's husband. This Joseph was the husband of Jesus' mother Mary. Joseph raised Jesus as if Jesus were his son. Joseph was a righteous man who worked as a carpenter.

(See also: Christ, Galilee, Jesus, Nazareth, Son of God, virgin)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Joseph

Joseph (Old Testament)

Facts:

In the Old Testament, Joseph was the eleventh son of Jacob and the first son of his mother Rachel.

(See also: Egypt, Jacob)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Joseph, Joseph's

Joshua

Facts:

There were several Israelite men named Joshua in the Bible. The most well-known is Joshua son of Nun who was Moses' helper and who later became an important leader of God's people.

(See also: Canaan, Haggai, Jericho, Moses, Promised Land, Zechariah (OT))

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Joshua, Joshua's

Josiah

Facts:

Josiah was a godly king who reigned over the kingdom of Judah for thirty-one years. He led the people of Judah to repent and worship Yahweh.

(See also: god, Judah, law, Passover, temple)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Josiah, Josiah's

Jotham

Facts:

In the Old Testament, there were three men with the name Jotham.

(See also: Abimelek, Ahaz, Gideon, Uzziah)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Jotham, Jotham's

Judah

Facts:

Judah was one of Jacob's older sons. His mother was Leah. His descendants were called the "tribe of Judah."

(See also: Jacob, Jew, Judah, Judea, twelve tribes of Israel)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Judah, Judah's

Judah

Facts:

The tribe of Judah was the largest of the twelve tribes of Israel. The kingdom of Judah was made up of the tribes of Judah and Benjamin.

(See also: Judah, Salt Sea)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Judah, kingdom of Judah, language of Judah

Judaism

Definition:

The term "Judaism" refers to the religion practiced by the Jews.

(See also: Jew, law of Moses)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Judaism

Judas Iscariot

Related Words

Judas son of Simon Iscariot

Facts:

Judas Iscariot was one of Jesus' apostles. He was the one who betrayed Jesus to the Jewish leaders.

(See also: apostle, betray, Jewish authorities, Judas son of James)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Judas ... Iscariot

Judas son of James

Facts:

Judas son of James was one of Jesus' twelve apostles. Note that he was not the same man as Judas Iscariot.

(See also: Judas Iscariot, son, the twelve)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Judas son of James

Judea

Facts:

The term "Judea" refers to an area of land in ancient Israel. It is sometimes used in a narrow sense and other times in a broad sense.

(See also: Galilee, Edom, Judah, Judah, Samaria)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Judea

Kadesh

Facts:

The names Kadesh, Kadesh-Barnea, and Meribah Kadesh all refer to an important city in Israel's history which was located in the southern part of Israel, near the region of Edom.

(See also: desert, Edom, holy)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Kadesh, Kadesh-Barnea, Meribah Kadesh

Kedar

Facts:

Kedar was Ishmael's second son. It was also an important city, which was probably named after the man.

(See also: Arabia, goat, Ishmael, sacrifice)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Kedar

Kedesh

Facts:

Kedesh was a Canaanite city that was taken over by the Israelites when they entered the land of Canaan.

(See also: Canaan, Hebron, Levi, Naphtali, priest, refuge, Shechem, twelve tribes of Israel)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Kedesh

Kerethites

Facts:

The Kerethites were a people group who were probably part of the Philistines. Some versions write this name as "Cherethites."

(See also: Absalom, Benaiah, David, Philistines)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Kerethites

Kidron Valley

Facts:

The Kidron Valley is a deep valley just outside the city of Jerusalem, between its eastern wall and the Mount of Olives.

(See also: Absalom, Asa, Athaliah, David, god, Hezekiah, high place, Josiah, Judah, Mount of Olives)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Kidron Valley, Kidron

King of the Jews

Definition:

The term "King of the Jews" is a title that refers to Jesus, the Messiah.

Translation Suggestions:

(See also: descendant, Jew, Jesus, king, kingdom, kingdom of God, wise men)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

King of the Jews, king of the Jews

Korah

Facts:

Korah was the name of three men in the Old Testament.

(See also: Aaron, authority, Caleb, descendant, Esau, Judah, priest)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Korah, Korahite, Korahites

Laban

Facts:

In the Old Testament, Laban was the uncle and father-in-law of Jacob.

(See also: Jacob, Nahor, Leah, Rachel)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Laban, Laban's

Lamech

Facts:

Lamech was the name of two men mentioned in the book of Genesis.

(See also: Cain, Noah, Seth)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Lamech, Lamech's

Lazarus

Facts:

Lazarus and his sisters, Mary and Martha, were special friends of Jesus. Jesus often stayed with them in their home in Bethany.

(See also: beg, Jewish authorities, Martha, Mary, raise)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Lazarus, Lazarus'

Leah

Facts:

Leah was one of Jacob's wives. She was the mother of ten of Jacob's sons and their descendants were ten of the twelve tribes of Israel.

(See also: Jacob, Judah, Laban, Rachel, Rebekah, twelve tribes of Israel)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Leah, Leah's

Lebanon

Facts:

Lebanon is a beautiful mountainous region located along the coast of the Mediterranean Sea, north of Israel. In Bible times this region was thickly wooded with fir trees, such as cedar and cypress.

(See also: cedar, cypress, fir, Phoenicia)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Lebanon

Levi

Facts:

Levi was one of the twelve sons of Jacob, or Israel. The term "Levite" refers to a person who is a member of the Israelite tribe whose ancestor was Levi.

(See also: Matthew, priest, sacrifice, temple, twelve tribes of Israel)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Levi, Levite, Levites, Levitical, Levi's, Levite's, Levites'

Leviathan

Facts:

The term "Leviathan" refers to a very large, extinct animal mentioned in the earliest writings of the Old Testament, the books of Job, Psalms, and Isaiah.

(See also: Isaiah, Job, serpent)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Leviathan

Lord Yahweh

Related Ideas:

Yahweh God

Facts:

In the Old Testament, "Lord Yahweh" is frequently used to refer to the one true God.

Translation Suggestions:

(See also: God, lord, lord, Yahweh)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Lord Yahweh, Yahweh God

Lord's Supper

Definition:

The term "Lord's Supper" was used by the apostle Paul to refer to the Passover meal that Jesus ate with his disciples on the night he was arrested by the Jewish leaders.

Translation Suggestions:

(See also: Passover)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Lord's Supper

Lot

Facts:

Lot was Abraham's nephew.

(See also: Abraham, Ammon, Haran, Moab, Sodom)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Lot, Lot's

Luke

Facts:

Luke wrote two books of the New Testament: the gospel of Luke and the book of Acts.

(See also: Antioch, Paul, Syria)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Luke, Luke's

Lystra

Facts:

Lystra was a city in ancient Asia Minor that Paul visited on one of his missionary journeys. It was located in the region of Lycaonia, which is now in the modern-day country of Turkey.

(See also: evangelist, Iconium, Timothy)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Lystra

Maakah

Facts:

Maakah (or Maacah) was one of the sons of Abraham's brother Nahor. Other people in the Old Testament also had this name.

(See also: Asa, Asherah, Nahor, Naphtali, twelve tribes of Israel)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Maakah, Maakah's

Macedonia

Related Words

Macedonian

Facts:

In New Testament times, Macedonia was a Roman province located just north of ancient Greece.

(See also: believe, Berea, faith, good news, Greece, Philippi, Thessalonica)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Macedonia, Macedonians

Maker

Facts:

In general, a "maker" is someone who creates or makes things.

Translation Suggestions:

(See also: create, Yahweh)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

formed, make, Maker, makes, made

Malachi

Facts:

Malachi was one of God's prophets to the kingdom of Judah. He lived around 500 years before Christ was on earth.

(See also: Babylon, captive, Ezra, Judah, Nehemiah, prophet, repent, turn)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Malachi, Malachi's

Manasseh

Facts:

There were five men by the name of Manasseh in the Old Testament:

(See also: altar, Dan, Ephraim, Ezra, god, Jacob, Judah, pagan, twelve tribes of Israel)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Manasseh, Manassites, Manasseh's

Martha

Facts:

Martha was a woman from Bethany who followed Jesus.

(See also: Lazarus, Mary (sister of Martha))

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Martha, Martha's

Mary

Facts:

Mary was a young woman living in the city of Nazareth who was pledged to be married to a man named Joseph. God chose Mary to be the mother of Jesus the Messiah, the Son of God.

(See also: Cana, Egypt, Herod the Great, Jesus, Joseph (NT), Son of God, virgin)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Mary, the mother of Jesus

Mary Magdalene

Facts:

Mary Magdalene was one of several women who believed in Jesus and followed him in his ministry. She was known as the one whom Jesus had healed from seven demons who had controlled her.

(See also: demon, demon-possessed)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Mary ... Magdalene

Mary sister of Martha

Facts:

Mary was a women from Bethany who followed Jesus.

(See also: Bethany, frankincense, Lazarus, Martha)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Mary

Matthew

Facts:

Matthew was one of the twelve men that Jesus chose to be his apostles. He was also known as Levi son of Alphaeus.

(See also: apostle, Levi, tax)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Matthew, Levi

Media

Facts:

Media was an ancient empire located east of Assyria and Babylonia, and north of Elam and Persia. The Medes were the people who lived in the empire of Media.

(See also: Assyria, Babylon, Cyrus, Daniel, Darius, Elam, Persia)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Madai, Mede, Medes, Media

Melchizedek

Facts:

During the time when Abram lived, Melchizedek was the king of the city of Salem (later "Jerusalem")

(See also: Abraham, eternity, high priest, Jerusalem, Levi, priest, righteous)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Melchizedek, Melchizedek's

Memphis

Facts:

Memphis was an ancient capital city in Egypt, along the Nile River.

(See also: Egypt, Nile River)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Memphis

Meshech

Facts:

Meshech is the name of two men in the Old Testament.

(See also: Japheth, Noah, Shem)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Meshech

Mesopotamia

Related Words:

Aram Naharaim

Facts:

Mesopotamia is the area of land between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers. Its location is in the region of the modern day country of Iraq.

(See also: Aram, Babylon, Chaldeans, Euphrates)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Mesopotamia, Aram Naharaim

Micah

Facts:

Micah was a prophet of Judah around 700 years before Christ, when the prophet Isaiah was also ministering to Judah. Another man named Micah lived during the time of the judges.

(See also: Assyria, Dan, Ephraim, god, Isaiah, Judah, judge, Levi, priest, prophet, Samaria, silver)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Micah, Micah's

Michael

Facts:

Michael is the chief of all God's holy, obedient angels. He is the only angel who is specifically referred to as the "archangel" of God.

(See also: angel, Daniel, messenger, Persia)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Michael, Michael's

Midian

Related Words

Midianite

Facts:

Midian was a son of Abraham and his wife Keturah. Midian was also the name of a people group and region located in the northern Arabian Desert to the south of the land of Canaan. The people of that group were called "Midianites."

(See also Arabia, Egypt, flock, Gideon, Jethro, Moses)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Midian, Midianite, Midianites, Midian's

Miriam

Facts:

Miriam was the older sister of Aaron and Moses.

(See also: Aaron, Cush, intercede, Moses, Nile River, Pharaoh, rebel)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Miriam, Miriam's

Mishael

Facts:

Mishael is the name of three men in the Old Testament.

(See also: Aaron, Azariah, Babylon, Daniel, Hananiah)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Mishael, Mishael's

Mizpah

Facts:

Mizpah is the name of several towns mentioned in the Old Testament. It means, "look-out point" or "watchtower."

(See also: David, Judah, kingdom of Israel, Moab, Saul (OT))

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Mizpah

Moab

Facts:

Moab was the son of Lot's elder daughter. Moab also became the name of the land where Moab and his family lived. The term "Moabite" refers to a person who is descended from Moab or who lives in the country of Moab.

(See also: Bethlehem, Judea, Lot, Ruth, Salt Sea)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Moab, Moabite, Moabites, Moabitess, Moab's

Molech

Facts:

Molech was the name of one of the false gods that the Canaanites worshiped. Other spellings are "Moloch" and "Molek."

(See also: Canaan, evil, god, God, god, sacrifice, true, worship, Yahweh)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Molech

Mordecai

Facts:

Mordecai was a Jewish man living in the country of Persia. He was the guardian of his cousin Esther, who later became the wife of the Persian king, Xerxes.

(See also: Xerxes, Babylon, Esther, Persia)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Mordecai, Mordecai's

Moses

Facts:

Moses was a prophet and leader of the Israelite people for over 40 years.

(See also: Miriam, Promised Land, Ten Commandments)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Moses, Moses'

Most High

Facts:

The term "Most High" is a title for God. It refers to his greatness or authority.

Translation Suggestions:

(See also: God)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Most High

Mount of Olives

Facts:

The Mount of Olives is a mountain or large hill located near the east side of the city of Jerusalem. It is about 787 meters high.

(See also: Gethsemane, olive)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Mount of Olives, mountain that is called Olives

Naaman

Facts:

In the Old Testament, Naaman was the commander of the army of the king of Aram.

(See also: Aram, Jordan River, leper, prophet)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Naaman, Naaman's

Nahor

Facts:

Nahor was the name of two relatives of Abraham, his grandfather and his brother.

(See also: Abraham, Rebekah)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Nahor, Nahor's

Nahum

Facts:

Nahum was a prophet who preached during the time when the evil King Manasseh was ruling over Judah.

(See also: Assyria, Manasseh, prophet, Nineveh)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Nahum, Nahum's

Naphtali

Facts:

Naphtali was the sixth son of Jacob. His descendants formed the tribe of Naphtali, which was one of the twelve tribes of Israel.

(See also: Asher, Dan, Jacob, Sea of Galilee, twelve tribes of Israel)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Naphtali, Naphtali's

Nathan

Facts:

Nathan was a faithful prophet of God who lived while David was king over Israel.

(See also: David, faithful, prophet, Uriah)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Nathan, Nathan's

Nazareth

Facts:

Nazareth is a town in the region of Galilee in northern Israel. It is about 100 kilometers north of Jerusalem, and it took about three to five days to travel on foot.

(See also: Christ, Galilee, Joseph (NT), Mary)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Nazareth, Nazarene

Nazirite

Related Ideas:

Nazirite vow

Facts:

The term "Nazirite" refers to a person who has taken a "Nazirite vow." Mostly men took this vow, but women could also take it.

(See also: John (the Baptist), sacrifice, Samson, vow, Zechariah (OT))

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Nazirite, Nazirite vow, Nazirites

Nebuchadnezzar

Facts:

Nebuchadnezzar was a king of the Babylonian Empire whose powerful army conquered many people groups and nations.

(See also: arrogant, Azariah, Babylon, Hananiah, Mishael)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Nebuchadnezzar, Nebuchadnezzar's

Negev

Facts:

The Negev is a desert region in the southern part of Israel, southwest of the Salt Sea.

(See also: Abraham, Beersheba, Israel, Judah, Kadesh, Salt Sea, Simeon)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Negev

Nehemiah

Facts:

Nehemiah was an Israelite forced to move to the Babylonian empire when the people of Israel and Judah were taken captive by the Babylonians.

(See also: Artaxerxes, Babylon, Jerusalem, son)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Nehemiah, Nehemiah's

Nile River

Related Words:

River of Egypt

Facts:

The Nile is a very long and wide river in northeastern Africa. It is especially well known as the main river of Egypt.

(See also: Egypt, Goshen, Moses)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Nile River, River of Egypt, the Nile

Nineveh

Facts:

Nineveh was the capital city of Assyria. A "Ninevite" was a person who lived in Nineveh.

(See also: Assyria, Jonah, repent, turn)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Nineveh, Ninevite, Ninevites

Noah

Facts:

Noah was a man who lived over 4,000 years ago, at the time when God sent a worldwide flood to destroy all the evil people in the world. God told Noah to build a gigantic ark in which he and his family could live while the flood waters covered the earth.

(See also: descendant, ark)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Noah, Noah's

Obadiah

Facts:

Obadiah was an Old Testament prophet who prophesied against the people of Edom, who were the descendants of Esau. There were also many other men named Obadiah in the Old Testament.

(See also: Ahab, Babylon, David, Edom, Esau, Ezekiel, Daniel, Gad, Jehoshaphat, Josiah, Levi, Saul (OT), Zedekiah)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Obadiah, Obadiah's

Omri

Facts:

Omri was an army commander who became the sixth king of Israel.

(See also: Ahab, Israel, Jeroboam, Tirzah)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Omri, Omri's

Paddan Aram

Facts:

Paddan Aram was the name of a region where Abraham's family lived before moving to the land of Canaan. It means "plain of Aram."

(See also: Abraham, Aram, Bethuel, Canaan, Haran, Jacob, Laban, Rebekah, Syria)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Paddan Aram, Paddan

Paran

Facts:

Paran was a desert or wilderness area east of Egypt and south of the land of Canaan. There was also a Mount Paran, which may have been another name for Mount Sinai.

(See also: Canaan, desert, Egypt, Kadesh, Sinai)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Paran

Passover

Facts:

The "Passover" is the name of a religious festival that the Jews celebrate every year, to remember how God rescued their ancestors, the Israelites, from slavery in Egypt.

Translation Suggestions:

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Passover

Paul

Related Words

Saul

Facts:

Paul was a leader of the early church who was sent by Jesus to take the good news to many other people groups.

(See also: Christian, Jewish authorities, Rome)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Paul, Saul, Paul's

Pentecost

Related Ideas:

Festival of Weeks

Facts:

The "Festival of Weeks" was a Jewish festival that took place fifty days after Passover. It was later referred to as "Pentecost."

(See also: festival, firstfruit, harvest, Holy Spirit, raise)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Festival of Weeks, Pentecost

Peor

Related Words

Baal Peor, Beth Peor, Mount Peor

Facts:

The terms "Peor" and "Mount Peor" refer to a mountain located northeast of the Salt Sea, in the region of Moab.

(See also: Baal, god, Moab, Salt Sea, worship)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Baal Peor, Beth Peor, Mount Peor, Peor,

Perizzite

Facts:

​The Perizzites were one of several people groups in the land of Canaan. Little is known about this group as to who their ancestors were or what part of Canaan they lived in.

(See also: Canaan, god)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Perizzite, Perizzites

Persia

Facts:

Persia was a country that also became a powerful empire founded by Cyrus the Great in 550 BC. The country of Persia was located southeast of Babylonia and Assyria in a region that is now the modern-day country of Iran.

(See also: Xerxes, Artaxerxes, Assyria, Babylon, Cyrus, Esther, Ezra, Nehemiah)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Persia, Persian, Persians

Peter

Related Words:

Cephas, Simon

Facts:

Peter was one of Jesus' twelve apostles. He was an important leader of the early Church.

(See also: disciple, apostle)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Peter, Simon Peter, Cephas, Simon son of Jonah, Simon, Simon's

Pharaoh

Facts:

In ancient times, the kings who ruled over the country of Egypt were called pharaohs.

(See also: Egypt, king)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Pharaoh, king of Egypt, Pharaoh's

Pharisee

Facts:

The Pharisees were an important, powerful group of Jewish religious leaders in Jesus' time.

(See also: council, Jewish authorities, law of Moses, Sadducee)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Pharisee, Pharisees

Philip

Facts:

In the early Christian church in Jerusalem, Philip was one of seven leaders chosen to care for the poor and needy Christians, especially the widows.

(See also: Philip)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Philip, Philip the evangelist

Philip

Facts:

Philip the apostle was one of the original twelve disciples of Jesus. He was from the town of Bethsaida.

(See also: Philip)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Philip, Philip the apostle, the apostle Philip

Philippi

Related Words

Philippians

Facts:

Philippi was a major city and Roman colony located in Macedonia in the northern part of ancient Greece. The people of Philippi were called "Philippians."

(See also: Caesarea, Christian, church, Macedonia, Paul, Silas)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Philippi, Philippians

Philistia

Facts:

Philistia is the name of a large region in the land of Canaan, located along the coast of the Mediterranean Sea.

(See also: Philistines, Gaza, Joppa)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Philistia

Philistines

Facts:

The Philistines were a people group who occupied a region known as Philistia​ along the coast of the Mediterranean Sea. Their name means "people of the sea."

(See also: Ashdod, Ashkelon, David, Ekron, Gath, Gaza, Goliath, Salt Sea)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Philistines, Philistine, Philistines', Philistine's

Phinehas

Facts:

Phineas was the name of two men in the Old Testament.

(See also: ark of the covenant, Jordan River, Midian, Philistines, Samuel)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Phinehas, Phinehas'

Phoenicia

Facts:

In ancient times, Phoenicia was a wealthy nation located in Canaan along the coast of the Mediterranean Sea, north of Israel.

(See also: cedar, purple, Sidon, Tyre)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Phoenicia, Syrophoenician

Pilate

Facts:

Pilate was the governor of the Roman province of Judea who sentenced Jesus to death.

(See also: crucify, governor, guilt, Judea, Rome)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Pilate, Pontius Pilate

Pontus

Facts:

Pontus was a Roman province during the time of the Roman Empire and the early Church. It was located along the southern coast of the Black Sea, in the northern part of what is now the country of Turkey.

(See also: Aquila, Pentecost)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Pontus

Potiphar

Facts:

Potiphar was an important official for the pharaoh of Egypt during the time that Joseph was sold as a slave to some Ishmaelites.

(See also: Egypt, Joseph (OT), Pharaoh)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Potiphar, Potiphar's

Priscilla

Facts:

Priscilla and her husband Aquila were Jewish Christians who worked with the apostle Paul in his missionary work. She was also known as Prisca.

(See also: believe, Christian, Corinth, Ephesus, Paul, Rome, Syria)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Priscilla, Prisca

Promised Land

Related Ideas:

Beautiful Land

Facts:

The term "Promised Land" only occurs in the Bible stories, not the Bible text. It is an alternate way of referring to the land of Canaan which God had promised to give to Abraham and his descendants.

Translation Suggestions:

(See also: Canaan, promise)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Beautiful Land, Promised Land

Rabbah

Facts:

Rabbah was the most important city of the Ammonite people.

(See also: Ammon, David)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Rabbah

Rabbi

Related Ideas:

Rabboni

Definition:

The term "Rabbi" literally means "my master" or "my teacher."

Translation Suggestions:

See:

(See also: teacher)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Rabbi, Rabboni

Rachel

Facts:

Rachel was one of Jacob's wives. She and her sister Leah were the daughters of Laban, Jacob's uncle.

(See also: Bethlehem, Jacob, Laban, Leah, Joseph (OT), twelve tribes of Israel)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Rachel, Rachel's

Rahab

Facts:

Rahab was a woman who lived in Jericho when Israel attacked the city. She was a prostitute.

(See also: Israel, Jericho, prostitute)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Rahab

Ramah

Facts:

Ramah was an ancient Israelite city located about 8 km from Jerusalem. It was in the region where the tribe of Benjamin lived.

(See also: Benjamin, twelve tribes of Israel)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Ramah

Ramoth

Facts:

Ramoth was an important city in the mountains of Gilead near the Jordan River. It was also called Ramoth Gilead.

(See also: Ahab, Ahaziah, Aram, Gad, Jehoshaphat, Jehu, Joram, Jordan River, Judah, refuge)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Ramoth

Rebekah

Facts:

Rebekah was a grand-daughter of Abraham's brother Nahor.

(See also: Abraham, Aram, Esau, Isaac, Jacob, Nahor, Negev)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Rebekah, Rebekah's

Rehoboam

Facts:

Rehoboam was one of the sons of King Solomon, and he became the king of the nation of Israel after Solomon died.

(See also: kingdom of Israel, Judah, Solomon)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Rehoboam, Rehoboam's

Reuben

Facts:

Reuben was the firstborn son of Jacob. His mother was Leah. Reuben's descendants were called Reubenites. * When his brothers were planning to kill their younger brother Joseph, Reuben spared Joseph's life by telling them to put him into a pit instead. * Reuben came back later to rescue Joseph, but the other brothers had sold him as a slave to merchants passing by. * Reuben's descendants became one of the twelve tribes of Israel.

(See also: Jacob, Joseph (OT), Leah, twelve tribes of Israel)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Reuben, Reubenites, Reubenite, Reuben's

Rimmon

Facts:

Rimmon was the name of a man and of several places mentioned in the Bible. It was also the name of a false god.

(See also: Benjamin, Judea, Naaman, Syria, Zebulun)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Rimmon, Rimmon's

Rome

Facts:

In New Testament times, the city of Rome was the center of the Roman Empire. It is now the capital city of the modern-day country of Italy.

(See also: good news, the sea, Pilate, Paul)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Rome, Roman, Romans

Ruth

Facts:

Ruth was a Moabite woman who lived during the time when judges were leading Israel. She married an Israelite man in Moab after he had moved there with his family because of a famine during the time when judges were leading Israel.

(See also: Bethlehem, Boaz, David, judge])

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Ruth, Ruth's

Sabbath

Definition:

The term "Sabbath" refers to the seventh day of the week, which God commanded the Israelites to set apart as a day of rest and doing no work.

Translation Suggestions:

(See also: rest)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Sabbath, Sabbaths

Sadducee

Definition:

The Sadducees were a political group of Jewish priests during the time of Jesus Christ. They supported Roman rule and did not believe in the resurrection.

(See also: chief priests, council, high priest, hypocrite, Jewish authorities, Pharisee, priest)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Sadducee, Sadducees

Salt Sea

Facts:

The Salt Sea (also called the Dead Sea) is a lake in the Jordan River Valley. The Jordan River flows into the sea.

(See also: Ammon, Arabah, , Jordan River, Moab, Negev)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Salt Sea, Dead Sea

Samaria

Facts:

Samaria was the name of a city and its surrounding region in the northern part of Israel. The Plain of Sharon is west of this region, and the Jordan River is east of this region. The people of Samaria were called Samaritans.

(See also: Assyria, Galilee, Judea, Sharon, kingdom of Israel)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Samaria, Samaria's, Samaritan, Samaritans

Samson

Facts:

Samson was one of the judges, or deliverers, of Israel. He was from the tribe of Dan.

(See also: deliver, Philistines, twelve tribes of Israel)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Samson, Samson's

Samuel

Facts:

Samuel was a prophet and the last judge of Israel. He anointed both Saul and David as kings over Israel.

(See also: Hannah, judge, prophet, Yahweh)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Samuel, Samuel's

Sarah

Facts:

(See also: Abraham, Isaac)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Sarah, Sarah's, Sarai

Satan

Related Ideas:

devil, evil one

Facts:

Although the devil is a spirit being that God created, he rebelled against God and became God's enemy. The devil is also called "Satan" and "the evil one."

Translation Suggestions:

(See also: demon, evil, kingdom of God, tempt)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Satan, devil, devil's, evil one

Saul

Facts:

Saul was an Israelite man whom God chose to become the first king of Israel.

(See also: king)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Saul, Saul's

Savior

Definitions:

The term "savior" refers to a person who saves or rescues others from danger. It can also refer to someone who gives strength to others or provides for them.

Translation Suggestions:

(See also: deliver, Jesus, save, save)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Savior, savior

Sea of Galilee

Facts:

The "Sea of Galilee" is a lake in eastern Israel. It was also referred to as the "Sea of Tiberias" and the "lake of Gennesaret." In the Old Testament it was called the "Sea of Kinnereth."

(See also: Capernaum, Galilee, Jordan River, Salt Sea)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Sea of Galilee, Sea of Kinnereth, lake of Gennesaret, Sea of Tiberias, Kinnereth

Sea of Reeds

Facts:

The "Sea of Reeds" was the name of a body of water located between Egypt and Arabia. It is now called the "Red Sea."

(See also: Arabia. Canaan, Egypt)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Sea of Reeds, Red Sea

Sennacherib

Facts:

Sennacherib was a powerful king of Assyria who caused Nineveh to become a rich, important city.

(See also: Assyria, Babylon, Hezekiah, Judah, mock, Nineveh)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Sennacherib, Sennacherib's

Seth

Facts:

In the book of Genesis, Seth was the third son of Adam and Eve.

(See also: Abel, Cain, call, descendant, father, flood, Noah)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Seth, Seth's

Sharon

Related Words

Lasharon

Facts:

Sharon was the name of a flat, fertile area of land along the coast of the Mediterranean Sea, south of Mount Carmel. It is also known as the "Plain of Sharon."

(See also: Caesarea, Carmel, Joppa, the sea)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Sharon, Plain of Sharon, Lasharon

Sheba

Facts:

In ancient times, Sheba was an ancient civilization or region of land that was located somewhere in southern Arabia. The people of Sheba were called Sabeans.

(See also: Arabia, Beersheba, Ethiopia, Solomon)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Sheba, Sabeans

Shechem

Facts:

Shechem was a town in Canaan located about 40 miles north of Jerusalem. Shechem was also the name of a man in the Old Testament.

(Translation suggestions: Hamor

(See also: Canaan, Esau, Hamor, Hivite, Jacob)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Shechem, Shechem's

Shem

Facts:

Shem was one of Noah's three sons, all of whom went with him into the ark during the worldwide flood described in the book of Genesis.

(See also: Abraham, Arabia, ark, flood, Noah)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Shem, Shem's

Shiloh

Facts:

Shiloh was a walled Canaanite city that was conquered by the Israelites under the leadership of Joshua.

(See also: Bethel, dedicate, Hannah, Jerusalem, Jordan River, priest, sacrifice, Samuel, temple)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Shiloh

Shimei

Facts:

Shimei was the name of several men in the Old Testament. The descendants of Shimei were called Shemeites.

(See also: Absalom, Benjamin, Levi, priest)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Shimei, Shimeites, Shimei's

Shinar

Facts:

Shinar was the name of a plain or region in southern Mesopotamia.

(See also: Abraham, Babel, Babylon, Chaldeans, Mesopotamia, patriarch, Ur)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Shinar

Sidon

Facts:

Sidon was the oldest son of Canaan. There is also a Canaanite city called Sidon, probably named after Canaan's son.

(See also: Canaan, Noah, Phoenicia, the sea, Tyre)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Sidon, Sidonians

Silas

Facts:

Silas was a leader among the believers in Jerusalem. He was also known as Silvanus.

(See also: Antioch, Barnabas, Jerusalem, Paul, Philippi, prison, testimony)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Silas, Silvanus

Simeon

Facts:

In the Bible, there were several men named Simeon.

(See also: Canaan, Christ, dedicate, Jacob, Judah, temple)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Simeon, Simeon's, Simeonites

Simon the Zealot

Facts:

Simon the Zealot was one of Jesus' twelve disciples.

(See also: apostle, disciple, the twelve)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Simon the Zealot, Simon ... Zealot

Sinai

Facts:

Mount Sinai is a mountain that was probably located in the southern part of what is now called the Sinai Peninsula. It was also known as "Mount Horeb."

(See also: desert, Egypt, Horeb, Promised Land, Ten Commandments)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Sinai, Mount Sinai

Sodom

Facts:

Sodom was a city in the southern part of Canaan where Abraham's nephew Lot lived with his wife and children.

(See also: Canaan, Gomorrah)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Sodom

Solomon

Facts:

Solomon was one of King David's sons. His mother was Bathsheba.

(See also: Bathsheba, David, Israel, Judah, kingdom of Israel, temple)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Solomon, Solomon's, King Solomon, King Solomon's

Son of God

Related Ideas:

the Son

Facts:

The term "Son of God" refers to Jesus, the Word of God, who came into the world as a human being. He is also often referred to as "the Son."

Because Jesus is God's Son, he loves and obeys his Father, and his Father loves him.

Translation Suggestions:

(See also: Christ, father, God, God the Father, Holy Spirit, Jesus, son, sons of God)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Son of God, the Son

Son of Man

Related Ideas:

mankind, son of man

Definition:

The title "Son of Man" was used by Jesus to refer to himself. He often used this term instead of saying "I" or "me."

Translation Suggestions:

(See also: heaven, son, Son of God, Yahweh)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Son of Man, mankind, son of man

Stephen

Facts:

Stephen is most remembered as the first Christian martyr, that is, the first person to be killed because of his faith in Jesus. The facts about his life and death are recorded in the book of Acts.

(See also: appoint, deacon, Jerusalem, Paul, stone, true)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Stephen, Stephen's

Sukkoth

Facts:

Sukkoth was the name of two Old Testament cities. The word "sukkoth" (some English versions say "succoth" or "Succoth") means "shelters."

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Sukkoth

Syria

Facts:

Syria is a country located northeast of Israel. During the time of the New Testament, it was a province under the rule of the Roman Empire.

(See also: Aram, commander, Damascus, descendant, Elisha, leper, Naaman, persecute, prophet)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Syria, Syrian

Tamar

Facts:

Tamar was the name of several women in the Old Testament. It was also the name of several cities or other places in the Old Testament.

(See also: Absalom, father, Amnon, David, father, Judah, Salt Sea)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Tamar, Tamar's

Tarshish

Facts:

Tarshish was the name of two men in the Old Testament. It was also the name of a city.

(See also: Esther, Japheth, Jonah, Nineveh, Phoenicia, wise men)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Tarshish

Tarsus

Facts:

Tarsus was a prosperous city in the Roman province of Cilicia, in what is now south central Turkey.

(See also: Cilicia, Paul, province, the sea)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Tarsus

Ten Commandments

Definitions:

The "Ten Commandments" were commands that God gave to Moses on Mount Sinai while the Israelites were living in the desert on their way to the land of Canaan. God wrote these commands on two large slabs of stone.

(See also: ark of the covenant, command, covenant, desert, law of Moses, obey, Sinai, worship)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Ten Commandments

Terah

Facts:

Terah was a descendant of Noah's son Shem. He was the father of Abram, Nahor and Haran.

(See also: Abraham, Canaan, Haran, Lot, Mesopotamia, Nahor, Sarah, Shem, Ur)

Bible References:

Genesis 11:31-32

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Terah, Terah's

Thessalonica

Facts:

In New Testament times, Thessalonica was the capital city of Macedonia in the ancient Roman empire. The people living in that city were called the "Thessalonians."

(See also: Macedonia, Paul, Rome)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Thessalonica, Thessalonian, Thessalonians

Thomas

Facts:

Thomas was one of twelve men whom Jesus chose to be his disciples and later, apostles. He was also known as "Didymus," which means "twin."

(See also: apostle, disciple, God the Father, the twelve)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Thomas, Thomas'

Timothy

Facts:

Timothy was a young man from Lystra. He later joined Paul on several missionary trips and helped shepherd new communities of believers.

(See also: appoint, believe, church, Greek, minister)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Timothy, Timothy's

Tirzah

Facts:

Tirzah was an important Canaanite city that was conquered by the Israelites. It was also the name of a daughter of Gilead, a descendant of Manasseh.

(See also: Canaan, inherit, kingdom of Israel, Manasseh, Shechem)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Tirzah

Titus

Facts:

Titus was a Gentile. He was trained by Paul to be a leader in the early churches.

(See also: appoint, believe, church, circumcise, Crete, elder, courage, instruct, minister)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Titus, Titus'

Troas

Facts:

The city of Troas was a seaport located on the northwest coast of the ancient Roman province of Asia.

(See also: Asia, preach, province, raise, Rome, scroll, Timothy)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Troas

Tubal

Facts:

There were several men in the Old Testament who had the name "Tubal."

(See also: Cain, descendant, Ezekiel, Isaiah, Japheth, Lamech, people group, prophet)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Tubal

Tychicus

Facts:

Tychicus was one of Paul's fellow ministers of the gospel.

(See also: Asia, beloved, Colossae, Ephesus, faithful, good news, minister)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Tychicus, Tychicus'

Tyre

Facts:

Tyre was an ancient Canaanite city located on the coast of the Mediterranean Sea in a region that is now part of the modern-day country of Lebanon. Its people were called "Tyrians."

(See also: Canaan, cedar, Israel, the sea, Phoenicia, Sidon)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Tyre, Tyrians

Ur

Facts:

Ur was an important city along the Euphrates River in the ancient region of Chaldea, which was part of Mesopotamia. This region was located in what is now the modern-day country of Iraq.

(See also: Abraham, Canaan, Chaldeans, Euphrates, Haran, Lot, Mesopotamia)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Ur

Uriah

Facts:

Uriah was a righteous man and one of King David's best soldiers. He is often referred to as "Uriah the Hittite."

(See also: Ahaz, Bathsheba, David, Hittite)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Uriah, Uriah's

Uzziah

Facts:

Uzziah became king of Judah at the age of 16 and reigned 52 years, which was an unusually long reign. Uzziah was also known as "Azariah."

(See also: Azariah, Judah, king, leper, reign, watchtower)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Uzziah, Uzziah's

Vashti

Facts:

In the Old Testament book of Esther, Vashti was the wife of Xerxes, king of Persia.

(See also: Xerxes, Esther, Persia)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Vashti, Vashti's

Xerxes

Related Words:

Ahasuerus

Facts:

Xerxes was a king who ruled over the ancient kingdom of Persia for twenty years.

(See also: Babylon, Esther, Ethiopia, exile, Persia)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Ahasuerus, Ahasuerus', Xerxes

Yahweh

Related Ideas:

Yah

Facts:

The term "Yahweh" is God's personal name that he revealed when he spoke to Moses at the burning bush.

Translation Suggestions:

(See also: God, lord, lord, Moses, reveal)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Yah, Yahweh, Yahweh's

Yahweh of hosts

Related Ideas:

God of hosts, Lord of hosts, Lord of multitudes

Definition:

The terms "Yahweh of hosts" and "God of hosts" are titles that express God's authority over the thousands of angels who obey him.

Translation Suggestions:

(See also: angel, authority, God, lord, lord, Lord Yahweh Yahweh)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

God of hosts, Lord of hosts, Lord of multitudes, Yahweh of hosts, the Lord of hosts

Zacchaeus

Facts:

Zacchaeus was a tax collector from Jericho who climbed a tree in order to be able to see Jesus who was surrounded by a large crowd of people.

(See also: believe, promise, repent, sin, tax, tax)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Zacchaeus, Zacchaeus'

Zadok

Facts:

Zadok was the name of an important high priest in Israel during the reign of King David.

(See also: ark of the covenant, David, Jotham, Nehemiah, reign, Solomon)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Zadok, Zadok's

Zebedee

Facts:

Zebedee was a fisherman from Galilee who is known because of his sons, James and John, who were Jesus' disciples. They are often identified in the New Testament as the "sons of Zebedee."

(See also: disciple, fishermen, James (son of Zebedee), John (the apostle))

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Zebedee, Zebedee's

Zebulun

Facts:

Zebulun was the last son born to Jacob and Leah and is the name of one of the twelve tribes of Israel. His descendants were called Zebulunites.

(See also: Jacob, Leah, Salt Sea, twelve tribes of Israel)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Zebulun, Zebulunite, Zebulunites, Zebulun's

Zechariah (New Testament)

Facts:

In the New Testament, Zechariah was a Jewish priest who became the father of John the Baptist.

(See also: Christ, Elizabeth, prophet)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Zechariah

Zechariah (Old Testament)

Facts:

Zechariah was a prophet who prophesied during the reign of King Darius I of Persia. The Old Testament book of Zechariah contains his prophecies, which urged the returning exiles to rebuild the temple.

(See also: Darius, Ezra, Jehoshaphat, Jeroboam, Nehemiah, Zerubbabel)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Zechariah, Zechariah's

Zedekiah

Facts:

Zedekiah, son of Josiah, was the last king of Judah (597-587 B.C.). There are also several other men named Zedekiah in the Old Testament.

(See also: Ahab, Babylon, Ezekiel, kingdom of Israel, Jehoiachin, Jeremiah, Josiah, Judah, Nebuchadnezzar, Nehemiah)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Zedekiah, Zedekiah's

Zephaniah

Facts:

Zephaniah, son of Cushi, was a prophet who lived in Jerusalem and prophesied during the reign of King Josiah. He lived during the same time period as Jeremiah.

(See also: Jeremiah, Josiah, priest)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Zephaniah, Zephaniah's

Zerubbabel

Facts:

Zerubbabel was the name of two Israelite men in the Old Testament.

(See also: Babylon, captive, Cyrus, Ezra, high priest, Jehoiakim, Joshua, Judah, Nehemiah, Persia, Zedekiah)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Zerubbabel, Zerubbabel's

Zion

Related Ideas:

Mount Zion

Definition:

Originally, the term "Zion" or "Mount Zion" referred to a stronghold or fortress that King David captured from the Jebusites. Both these terms became other ways of referring to Jerusalem.

(See also: Abraham, David, Jerusalem, Bethlehem, Jebus)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Mount Zion, Zion

Zoar

Facts:

Zoar was a small city where Lot fled when God destroyed Sodom and Gomorrah.

(See also: Lot, Sodom, Gomorrah)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Zoar

abomination

Related Ideas:

abominable, abominably, disgusting, foul

Definition:

The term "abomination" is used to refer to something that causes disgust or extreme dislike.

Translation Suggestions:

(See also: adultery, desecrate, desolate, god, sacrifice)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

abominable, abomination, abominations, committed ... abominably, disgusting practices, disgusting thing, disgusting things, foul, foul thing

abyss

Related Ideas:

bottomless pit

Definition:

The term "abyss" refers to a very large, deep hole or chasm that has no bottom.

(See Also: Hades, hell, punish)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

abyss, bottomless pit

acacia

Definition:

The term "acacia" is the name of a common shrub or tree growing in the land of Canaan in ancient times; it is still plentiful in that region today.

(See also: ark of the covenant, tabernacle)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

acacia

accuse

Related Ideas:

accusation, accuser

Definition:

The terms "accuse" and "accusation" refer to blaming someone for doing something wrong. A person who accuses others is an "accuser."

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

accusation, accusations, accuse, accused, accuser, accusers, accuses, accusing

acknowledge

Related Ideas:

admit

Definitions:

The term "acknowledge" means to give proper recognition to something or someone.

Translation Suggestions:

(See also: obey, glory, save)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

acknowledge, acknowledged, acknowledges, admit, admitted

acquit

Related Ideas:

admit someone was right

Definition:

The term "acquit" means to formally declare someone to be not guilty of an unlawful or immoral behavior he was accused of.

(See also: forgive, guilt, sin)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

acquit, acquits, acquitted, admit that ... right, declare ... not guilty

administration

Related Ideas:

administer, administrator

Definitions:

The terms "administration" and "administrator" refer to managing or governing of people of a country to help it function in an orderly way.

Translation Suggestions

(See also: Babylon, Daniel, gift, governor, Hananiah, Mishael, Azariah)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

administered, administering, administration, administrator, administrators

admonish

Related Ideas:

reprove, scold, strictly warn, warn

Definition:

The term "admonish" means to firmly warn or advise someone.

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

aware, reprove, reproved, reproves, scolded, strictly warned, warn, warned, warning, warnings

adopt

Related Ideas:

adoption

Definition:

The terms "adopt" and "adoption" refer to the process of someone legally becoming the child of people who are not his biological parents.

Translation Suggestions:

(See also: heir, inherit, spirit)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

adopt, adopted, adoption

adultery

Related Ideas:

adulterer, adulteress, adulterous, immoral woman

Definition:

The term "adultery" refers to a sin that occurs when a married person has sexual relations with someone who is not that person's spouse. Both of them are guilty of adultery. The term "adulterous" describes this kind of behavior or any person who commits this sin.

Translation Suggestions:

(See also: commit, covenant, sexual immorality, faithful)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

adulterer, adulterers, adulteress, adulteresses, adulteries, adulterous, adultery, immoral woman

adversary

Related Ideas:

enemy, hostile, hostility, opponent, oppose, opposition

Definition:

An "adversary" is a person or group who is opposed to someone or something. The term "enemy" has a similar meaning.

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

adversaries, adversary, enemies, enemies', enemy, enemy's, hostile, hostilities, hostility, opponent, opponents, oppose, opposed, opposes, opposition

afflict

Related Ideas:

affliction, difficulty

Definition:

The term "afflict" means to cause someone distress or suffering. An "affliction" is the disease, emotional grief, or other disaster that results from this.

Translation Suggestions:

(See also: leper, plague, suffer)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

afflict, afflicted, afflicting, affliction, afflictions, difficulties

age

Related Ideas:

aged, from ancient times, old age

Definition:

The term "age" refers to the length of time a person has lived. The term "aged" describes a person who is very old. The term "age" is also used to refer generally to a time period.

Translation Suggestions:

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

age, aged, ages, from ancient times, old age

alarm

Related Ideas:

sound an alarm

Definitions:

An alarm is something that warns people about something that could harm them. To "be alarmed" is to be very worried and frightened about something dangerous or threatening.

Translation Suggestions

(See also: Jehoshaphat, Moab)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

alarm, alarms, sound ... alarm

alms

Related Ideas:

merciful deeds for the poor

Definition:

The term "alms" refers to money, food, or other things that are given to help poor people.

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

alms, merciful deeds ... for the poor

altar

Definition:

An altar was a raised structure on which the Israelites burned animals and grains as offerings to God.

(See also: altar of incense, god, grain offering, sacrifice)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

altar, altars

altar of incense

Related Ideas:

incense altar

Definitions:

The altar of incense was a piece of furniture on which a priest would burn incense as an offering to God. It was also called the golden altar.

(See also: incense)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

altar of incense, altars for incense, incense altar, incense altars

amazed

Related Ideas:

amazement, appalled, astonished, astounded, incomprehensible, marvel, marvelous, perplexed, remarkable, surprised, wonder, wonderful

Definition:

Some of these terms mean to be very surprised because of something very unusual that happened. Many of these terms are positive and express that the people were happy about what had happened. Usually the event that caused the wonder and amazement was a miracle, something only God could do.

Some of these terms describe things that are very unusual and surprise people. * The words "amazing", "astonishing," "marvelous," "remarkable," and "wonderful" describe things that are very unusual and surprise people. * The word "appalling" describes something that is very bad and causes people to be amazed or horrified. * The word "incomprehensible" describes something that is so great that people cannot ever understand it. * A "wonder" is an extraordinary and surprising thing that happens.

Translation Suggestions

(See also: miracle, sign)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

amazed, amazement, amazing events, amazing things, appalled, appalling, astonish, astonished, astonishing, astounded, incomprehensible, marvel, marveled, marveling, marvelous, marvelous things, perplexed, remarkable, surprised, wonder, wonderful, wondering, wonders

ambassador

Related Ideas:

envoy, representative

Definition:

An ambassador is a person who is chosen to officially represent his country in relating to foreign nations. The word is also used in a figurative sense and is sometimes translated more generally as "representative."

(See also: messenger)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

ambassador, ambassadors, envoy, representative, representatives

amen

Related Ideas:

let it be so

Definition:

The term "amen" is a word used to emphasize or call attention to what a person has said. It is often used at the end of a prayer. Sometimes it is translated as "truly."

Translation Suggestions:

(See also: fulfill, true)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

amen, let it be so

angel

Related Ideas:

archangel

Definition:

An angel is a powerful spirit being whom God created. Angels exist to serve God by doing whatever he tells them to do. The term "archangel" refers to the angel who rules or leads all the other angels.

Translation Suggestions:

(See also: chief, head, messenger, Michael, ruler, servant)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

angel, angels, archangel

anger

Related Ideas:

angry, indignant, indignation, quick-tempered

Definition:

To "be angry" or to "have anger" means to be very displeased, irritated, and upset about something or against someone.

(See also: wrath)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

anger, anger burned, angered, angry, burning anger, indignant, indignation, quick-tempered

anguish

Related Ideas:

anxious, pain

Definition:

The term "anguish" refers to severe pain or distress.

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

anguish, inflicts pain, pain, severe pain

anoint

Related Ideas:

perfume, sons of fresh olive oil

Definition:

The term "anoint" means to rub or pour oil on a person or object. Sometimes the oil was mixed with spices, giving it a sweet, perfumed smell. The term is also used figuratively to refer to the Holy Spirit choosing and empowering someone.

Translation Suggestions:

(See also: Christ, consecrate, high priest, King of the Jews, priest, prophet )

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

anoint, anointed, anointing, perfume, sons of fresh olive oil

antichrist

Definition:

The term "antichrist" refers to a person or teaching that is against Jesus Christ and his work. There are many antichrists in the world.

Translation Suggestions:

(See also: Christ, reveal, tribulation)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

antichrist, antichrists

apostle

Related Ideas:

apostleship

Definition:

The "apostles" were men sent by Jesus to preach about God and his kingdom. The term "apostleship" refers to the position and authority of those who were chosen as apostles.

Translation Suggestions:

(See also: authority, disciple, James (son of Zebedee), Paul, the twelve)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

apostle, apostles, apostles', apostleship

appoint

Related Ideas:

appointment, direct, predetermine, put in place, reserve, select, set in place, set over, set up, set under

Definition:

The terms "appoint" and "appointed" refer to choosing someone to fulfill a specific task or role.

Translation Suggestions:

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

appoint, appointed, appointed by lot, appointment, appoints, area ... reserved, directed, predetermined, put ... in place, reserved, selected, selects, set ... in place, set ... over, set ... up, set under

archer

Definition:

The term "archer" refers to a man who is skilled at using a bow and arrow as a weapon.

(See also: Assyria)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

archer, archers

ark

Related Ideas:

chest

Definition:

The term "ark" literally refers to a rectangular wooden box that is made to hold or protect something. An ark can be large or small, depending on what it is being used for.

(See also: ark of the covenant, basket)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

ark, chest

ark of the covenant

Related Ideas:

ark of Yahweh, ark of the covenant decrees, ark of the covenant of Yahweh

Definition:

These terms refer to a special wooden chest, overlaid with gold, that contained the two stone tablets on which the Ten Commandments were written. It also contained Aaron's staff and a jar of manna.

(See also: ark, covenant, atonement, holy place, testimony)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

ark of Yahweh, ark of the covenant, ark of the covenant decrees, ark of the covenant of Yahweh

armor

Related Ideas:

armory, body armor, weapon

Definition:

The term "armor" refers to the equipment a soldier uses to fight in a battle and protect himself from enemy attacks. It is also used in a figurative way to refer to spiritual armor.

(See also: faith, Holy Spirit, peace, save, spirit)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

armor, armory, body armor, weapon, weapons

arrogant

Related Ideas:

arrogance, arrogantly, pomp

Definition:

The term "arrogant" means proud, usually in an obvious, outward way.

(See also: acknowledge, boast, proud)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

arrogance, arrogant, arrogant speech, arrogantly, pomp

ash

Related Ideas:

powder

Definitions:

The term "ash" or "ashes" refers to the grey powdery substance that is left behind after wood is burned. It is sometimes used figuratively to refer to something that is worthless or useless.

(See also: fire, sackcloth)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

ash, ashes, powder

asleep

Related Ideas:

sleep, sleeper

Definition:

These terms can have figurative meanings relating to death.

The phrases "lie with" and "sleep with," when referring to what a man and a woman do together, is a euphemism for them having sexual relations.

Translation Suggestions:

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

asleep, fallen asleep, fell asleep, sleep, lay down, lies down, sleeper, sleeping, sleeps, slept

assembly

Related Ideas:

assemble together, bring together, call together, come together, community, congregation, crowd, gather, gathering, group, meet, meeting

Definition:

The term "assembly" usually refers to a group of people who come together to discuss problems, give advice, and make decisions.

Translation Suggestions

(See also: council)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

assemble, assembled, assembled together, assemblies, assembling, assembly, bring ... together, brought ... together, called ... together, came together, come together, comes together, community, community's, congregation, crowd, gather, gather ... together, gathered, gathered ... together, gathering, gathers, group, joyful assembly, meet, meeting, meetings, met

assign

Related Ideas:

assignment, portion, reassign

Definitions:

The term "assign" or "assigned" refers to appointing someone to do a specific task or designating something to be provided to one or more people.

(See also: appoint, Samuel, Saul (OT))

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

assign, assigned, assigned portion, assigning, assignment, assignments, given ... portion, place assigned, portion, portions, reassign

astray

Related Ideas:

draw away, make a mistake, mislead, mistaken, wander

Definition:

The terms "stray" and "go astray" mean to disobey God's will. People who are "led astray" have allowed other people or circumstances to influence them to disobey God.

Translation Suggestions:

(See also: disobey, shepherd)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

astray, drawn away, go astray, goes astray, gone astray, lead ... astray, leads ... astray, led ... astray, made ... mistake, mislead, misleading, misleads, misled, mistaken, stray, strayed, straying, strays, wander, went astray

atonement

Related Ideas:

atone

Definition:

The terms "atone" and "atonement" refer to how God provided a sacrifice to pay for people's sins and to appease his wrath for sin.

Translation Suggestions:

(See also: atonement lid, forgive, propitiation, reconcile, redeem)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

atone, atoned, atonement, atones

atonement lid

Definition:

The "atonement lid" was a slab of gold that was used to cover the top of the ark of the covenant. In many English translations, it is also referred to as an "atonement cover."

Translation Suggestions:

(See also: ark of the covenant, atonement, cherubim, propitiation, redeem)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

atonement lid

authority

Related Ideas:

authority to judge, place in charge, put in charge, right

Definition:

The term "authority" refers to the power of influence and control that someone has over someone else.

Translation Suggestions:

(See also: citizen, command, obey, power, ruler)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

authorities, authority, authority to judge, places ... in charge, put ... in charge, puts ... in charge, right, was ... in charge, were ... in charge

avenge

Related Ideas:

avenger, revenge, see justice done, vengeance, vengefully

Definition:

To "avenge" or "take revenge" or "execute vengeance" is to punish someone in order to pay him back for the harm he did. The act of avenging or taking revenge is "vengeance."

Translation Suggestions:

(See also: punish, justice, righteous)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

avenge, avenged, avenger, avenges, avenging, have revenge, revenge, see ... justice ... done, vengeance, vengefully

awe

Related Ideas:

awesome

Definition:

The term "awe" refers to the sense of amazement and deep respect that comes from seeing something great, powerful, and magnificent.

(See also: fear, glory)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

awe, awesome, awesome deeds

ax

Definition:

An ax is tool used for cutting or chopping trees or wood.

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

ax, axes

banquet

Definition:

A banquet is large, formal meal that usually includes several food courses.

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

banquet

baptize

Related Ideas:

baptism

Definition:

In the New Testament, the terms "baptize" and "baptism" usually refer to ritually bathing a Christian with water to show that he has been cleansed from sin and has been united with Christ.

Translation Suggestions:

(See also: John (the Baptist), repent, Holy Spirit)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

baptism, baptize, baptized, baptizing

barley

Definition:

The term "barley" refers to a kind of grain that is used to make bread.

(See also: grain, thresh, wheat)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

barley

barren

Related Ideas:

dried, faded, salt land, withered

Definition:

To be "barren" means to not be fertile or fruitful.

Translation Suggestions:

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

barren, dried, dry, fade, fades, fading, salt land, wither, withered, withers

basket

Related Ideas:

basketful, cage

Definition:

The term "basket" refers to a container made of woven material.

(See also: ark, Moses, Nile River, Noah)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

basket, basketfuls, baskets, cage

bear

Related Ideas:

bearer, bear with, birth, carry, childbirth, support, sustain, tolerate

Definitions:

The term "bear" literally means "carry" something. There are also many figurative uses of this term.

(See also: burden, Elisha, endure, fruit, iniquity, report, sheep, strength, testimony, testimony)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

bear, bearer, bearing, bearing with, bears, birth, bore, born, borne, carried, carry, carrying, childbirth, gave birth, give birth, given birth, gives birth, has ... borne, have ... borne, support, supported, supports, sustain, sustains, tolerate

bear

Definition:

A bear is a large, four-legged furry animal with dark brown or black hair, with sharp teeth and claws. Bears were common in Israel during Bible times.

(See also: David, Elisha)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

bear, bears

beast

Related Ideas:

animal

Definitions:

In the Bible, the term "beast" is often just another way of saying "animal."

(See also: authority, Daniel, livestock, nation, power, reveal, Beelzebul)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

animal, animal's, animals, beast, beast's, beasts

beg

Related Ideas:

ask, beggar, needy

Definition:

The term "beg" means to urgently ask someone for something. It often refers to asking for money, but it is also commonly used to refer to pleading for something.

(See also: plead)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

ask, asking, asks, beg, beggar, begged, begging, needy

believe

Related Ideas:

be persuaded, belief, believer, have faith, persuade, persuasive

Definition:

The terms "believe" and "believe in" are closely related, but have slightly different meanings:

In the Bible, the term "believer" refers to someone who believes in and relies on Jesus Christ as Savior.

The term "unbelief" refers to not believing something or someone.

Translation Suggestions:

Translating "believe" and "believe in":
* To "believe" could be translated as to "know to be true" or "know to be right." * To "believe in" could be translated as "trust completely" or "trust and obey" or "completely rely on and follow."

Translating "believer":
* Some translations may prefer to say "believer in Jesus" or "believer in Christ." * This term could also be translated by a word or phrase that means "person who trusts in Jesus" or "someone who knows Jesus and lives for him." * Other ways to translate "believer" could be "follower of Jesus" or "person who knows and obeys Jesus." * The term "believer" is a general term for any believer in Christ, while "disciple" and "apostle" were used more specifically for people who knew Jesus while he was alive. It is best to translate these terms in different ways, in order to keep them distinct.

Translating "unbelief" and "unbeliever": * Other ways to translate "unbelief" could include "lack of faith" or "not believing." * The term "unbeliever" could be translated as "person who does not believe in Jesus" or "someone who does not trust in Jesus as Savior."

(See also: believe, apostle, Christian, disciple, faith, trust)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

am persuaded, belief, believe, believed, believer, believers, believes, believing, has faith, persuade, persuaded, persuading, persuasiveness, were persuaded

beloved

Related Ideas:

dear, lovely, treasured

Definition:

The term "beloved" is an expression of affection that describes someone who is loved and dear to someone else.

Translation Suggestions:

(See also: love)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

beloved, dear, lovely, treasured

betray

Related Ideas:

betrayal, betrayer, give over, hand over, traitor, treacherous, treacherously, treachery, turn over

Definition:

The term "betray" means to act in a way that deceives a person and allows other people to harm that person. A "betrayer" is a person who betrays a friend who was trusting him.

Translation Suggestions:

(See also: Judas Iscariot, Jewish authorities, apostle)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

betray, betrayal, betrayed, betrayer, betrayers, betraying, betrays, give ... over, given ... over, hand ... over, handed ... over, traitor, traitors, treacherous, treacherously, treachery, turn ... over

bind

Related Ideas:

bond, bound, chain, fetter, put in bonds, put on, restrain, tie, wrap

Definition:

The term "bind" means to tie something or fasten it securely. Something that is tied or joined together is called a "bond." The term "bound" is the past tense of this term.

Translation Suggestions:

(See also: fulfill, peace, prison, servant, vow)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

bind, binding, bond, bonds, bound, chain, chained, chains, fetters, is bound, put ... in bonds, puts on, restrain, tie, tie up, tied, tied up, tying, wrapped

birthright

Definition:

The term "birthright" in the Bible refers to the honor, family name, and physical wealth that was normally given to the firstborn son in a family.

Translation Suggestions:

(See also: firstborn, inherit, descendant)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

birthright

blameless

Related Ideas:

blamelessly, faultless, without blame

Definition:

The term "blameless" literally means "without blame." It is used to refer to a person who obeys God wholeheartedly, but it does not mean that the person is sinless.

Translation Suggestions:

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

blameless, blamelessly, faultless, without blame

blasphemy

Related Ideas:

blaspheme, blasphemer, blasphemous, insult, revile, taunt

Definition:

In the Bible, the term "blasphemy" refers to speaking in a way that shows a deep disrespect for God or people. To "blaspheme" or "insult" or "revile" someone is to speak against that person so that others think something false or bad about him.

Translation Suggestions:

(See also: dishonor, slander)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

blaspheme, blasphemed, blasphemer, blasphemers, blasphemes, blasphemies, blaspheming, blasphemous, blasphemy, insult, insulted, insulting, insults, revile, reviled, reviling

blemish

Related Ideas:

defect, unblemished

Definitions:

The term "blemish" refers to a physical defect or imperfection on an animal or person. It can also refer to spiritual imperfections and faults in people.

(See also: believe, clean, sacrifice, sin)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

blemish, blemishes, defect, unblemished

bless

Related Ideas:

happier, happy

Definition:

To "bless" someone or something means to cause good and beneficial things to happen to the person or thing that is being blessed.

Translation Suggestions:

(See also: praise)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

bless, blessed, blesses, blessing, blessings, happier, happy

blood

Related Ideas:

bleeding

Definition:

The term "blood" refers to the red liquid that comes out of a person's skin when there is an injury or wound. Blood brings life-giving nutrients to a person's entire body.

Translation Suggestions:

(See also: flesh)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

bleeding, blood

bloodshed

Related Ideas:

bloodguilt

Definition:

The term "bloodshed" refers to the death of human beings due to murder, war, or some other violent act.

Translation Suggestions:

(See also: blood slaughter)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

bloodguilt, bloodshed

blot out

Related Ideas:

wipe out, wipe away

Definition:

The terms "blot out" and "wipe out" are expressions that mean to completely remove or destroy something or someone.

Translation Suggestions:

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

blot out, blots out, blotted out, wipe ... out, wipe away, wiped out, wipes out

boast

Related Ideas:

boastful

Definition:

The term "boast" means to talk proudly about something or someone. Often it means to brag about oneself.

Translation Suggestions:

Translation Suggestions:

(See also: proud)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

boast, boasted, boastful, boasting, boasts, reason for boasting

body

Related Ideas:

bodily, body of Christ, carcass, corpse

Definition:

The term "body" literally refers to the physical body of a person or animal. This term is also used figuratively to refer to an object or whole group that has individual members.

Translation Suggestions:

(See also: head, spirit)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

bodies, bodily, body, carcass, carcasses, corpse, corpses

bold

Related Ideas:

boldly, boldness, emboldened

Definition:

These terms all refer to having courage and confidence to speak the truth and do the right thing even when it is difficult or dangerous.

(See also: confidence, good news, redeem)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

bold, boldly, boldness, emboldened

born again

Related Ideas:

born from God, born from him, new birth

Definition:

The term "born again" was first used by Jesus to describe what it means for God to change a person from being dead spiritually to being alive spiritually. The terms "born of God" and "born of the Spirit" also refer to a person being given new spiritual life.

Translation Suggestions:

(See also: Holy Spirit, save)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

born again, born from God, born from him, born of God, new birth

bow

Related Ideas:

bend, bend the knee, bow down, fall down before, kneel

Note

For the weapon called a bow, click here.

Definition:

To bow means to bend over to humbly express respect and honor toward someone. To "bow down" means to bend over or kneel down very low, often with face and hands toward the ground.

Translation Suggestions:

(See also: humble, worship)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

are bent, bend, bend the knee, bow, bow down, bowed, bowed ... down, bowed ... down ... before, bowing, bowing down, bows, bows down, fall down, fell, fell down, has ... bent, have ... bent, kneel, kneeling, knelt, will bend

bow and arrow

Note

For the verb bow, click here.

Definition:

This is a type of weapon that consists of shooting arrows from a stringed bow. In Bible times it was used for fighting against enemies and for killing animals for food.

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

a bow, arrow, arrows, bow and arrow, bows, bows and arrows, the bow

bread

Related Ideas:

food, loaf of bread

Definition:

Bread is a food made from flour mixed with water and oil to form a dough. The dough is then shaped into a loaf and baked.

(See also: Passover, tabernacle, temple, unleavened bread, yeast)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

bread, food, loaf of ... bread, loaves, loaves of ... bread

breastplate

Related Ideas:

breastpiece

Definition:

The term "breastplate" refers to a piece of armor covering the front of the chest to protect a soldier during battle. The term "breastpiece" refers to a special piece of clothing that the Israelite high priest wore over the front part of his chest.

(See also: armor, high priest, pierce, priest, temple, warrior)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

breastpiece, breastplate, breastplates

breath

Related Ideas:

breathe

Definition:

In the Bible, the terms "breathe" and "breath" are often used figuratively to refer to giving life or having life.

Translation Suggestions

(See also: Adam, Paul, word of God, life)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

breath, breathe, breathed, breathes, breathing

bribe

Related Ideas:

bribery, payoff

Definition:

To "bribe" means to give someone something of value, such as money, to influence that person to do something dishonest.

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

bribe, bribed, bribery, bribes, payoffs

bride

Related Ideas:

bridal

Definition:

A bride is the woman in a wedding ceremony who is getting married to her husband, the bridegroom.

(See also: bridegroom, church)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

bridal, bride, brides

bridegroom

Definition:

In a marriage ceremony, the bridegroom is the man who will marry the bride.

(See also: bride)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

bridegroom, bridegrooms

bronze

Definition:

The term "bronze" refers to a kind of metal that is made from melting together the metals copper and tin. It has a dark brown color, slightly red.

(See also: armor, tabernacle, temple)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

bronze

brother

Related Ideas:

brotherhood

Definition:

The term "brother" usually refers to a male person who shares at least one biological parent with another person.

Translation Suggestions:

(See also: apostle, God the Father, sister, spirit)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

brother, brother's, brotherhood, brothers, brothers'

burden

Related Ideas:

burdensome, heavy, load

Definition:

A burden is a heavy load. It literally refers to a physical load such as a work animal would carry. The term "burden" also has several figurative meanings:

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

burden, burdened, burdens, burdensome, heavy, load, loaded, loaded up, loads

burnt offering

Related Ideas:

offering by fire

Definition:

A "burnt offering" was a type of sacrifice to God that was burnt up by fire on an altar. It was offered to make atonement for the sins of the people. This was also called an "offering by fire."

(See also: altar, atonement, cow, priest, sacrifice)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

burnt offering, burnt offerings, offering by fire, offering made by fire

bury

Related Ideas:

burial

Definition:

The term "bury" usually refers to putting a dead body into a hole or other burial place. The term "burial" is the act of burying something or can be used to describe a place used to bury something.

(See also:Jericho, tomb)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

burial, buried, buries, bury, burying

call

Related Ideas:

appeal to, invite, summon

Definition:

The terms "call to" and "call out" mean to say something loudly to someone who is not nearby. To "call" someone means to summon that person. There are also some other meanings.

Translation Suggestions:

(See also: pray)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

appeal to, appealed to, appealing to, call, called, called on, called out, calling, calling out, calls, calls out, invite, invited, summon, summoned, summoning

camel

Definition:

A camel is a large, four legged animal with one or two humps on its back.

(See also: burden, clean)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

camel, camel's, camels, camels'

captive

Related Ideas:

captivate, captivity, captor, capture, catch

Definition:

The terms "captive" and "captivity" refer to capturing people and forcing them to live somewhere they do not want to live, such as in a foreign country.

Translation Suggestions

(See also: Babylon, exile, prison, seize)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

captivate, captivated, captive, captives, captivity, captor, captors, capture, captured, captures, carried away captive, catch, caught, held captive, taken ... captive

cast out

Related Ideas:

banish, cast off, compel to go, drive out, force out, outcast, put outside, throw out

Definition:

To "cast out" or "drive out" someone or something means to force that person or thing to go away.

Translation Suggestions:

(See also: demon, demon-possessed, lots)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

banish, banished, cast ... off, cast ... out, casting out, compelled ... to go, drive, drive ... away, drive ... out, driven, driven ... away, driven ... out, drives ... away, drives ... out, driving ... out, drove ... out, force ... out, forced ... out, forcing ... out, outcast, outcasts, put ... outside, threw ... out, throw ... out, throwing out, thrown, thrown out

caught up

Related Ideas:

catch up with

Definition:

The term "caught up" often refers to God taking a person up to heaven in a sudden, miraculous way.

(see: miracle, overtake, suffer, trouble)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

catch up with, caught up, caught up with

cedar

Related Ideas:

cedarwood

Definition:

The term "cedar" refers to a large fir tree which normally has reddish-brown wood. Like other firs, it has cones and needle-like leaves.

(See also: fir, pure, sacrifice, temple)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

cedar, cedars, cedarwood

census

Related Ideas:

register

Definition:

The term "census" refers to a formal counting of the number of people in a nation or empire.

Translation Suggestions

(See also: nation, Rome)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

census, register, registered

centurion

Definition:

A centurion was a Roman army officer who had a group of 100 soldiers under his command.

(See also: Rome)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

centurion, centurions

chaff

Related Ideas:

straw

Definition:

Chaff is a dry protective covering of a grain seed. The chaff is not good for food, so people separate it from the seed and throw it away.

(See also: grain, wheat, winnow)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

chaff, straw

chariot

Related Ideas:

charioteer

Definition:

In ancient times, chariots were lightweight, two-wheeled carts that were pulled by horses.

(See also: Egypt, Rome)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

chariot, charioteer, charioteers, chariots

cherubim

Related Ideas:

cherub

Definition:

The term "cherub," and its plural form "cherubim," refer to a special type of heavenly being that God created. Cherubim have wings and can fly. Ezekiel also called them “living creatures” and described them as having four faces: the faces of a man, a lion, an ox, and an eagle.

Translation Suggestions:

(See also: angel)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

cherub, cherubim

chief

Related Ideas:

finest, first of all, important, prominent

Definition:

The term "chief" refers to the most powerful or most important leader of a particular group.

(See also: chief priests, priest, tax)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

chief, chiefs, finest, first of all, important, most important, prominent

chief priests

Definition:

The chief priests were important Jewish religious leaders during the time that Jesus lived on earth.

Translation Suggestions:

(See also: chief, high priest, Jewish authorities, priest)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

chief priests

children

Related Ideas:

child, childhood, childless

Definition:

In the Bible, the term "child" is often used to generally refer to someone who is young in age, including an infant. * The word "childhood" refers to the time that a person is a child. * The word "childless" describes a person who has no children. * The word "children" is the plural form of "child."

The words "child" and "children" also have several figurative uses.

Translation Suggestions:

(See also: descendant, promise, son, spirit, believe, beloved)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

child, childhood, childless, children

chronicles

Definition:

The term "chronicle" refers to a written record of events over a period of time.

(See also: Babylon, David, exile, kingdom of Israel, Judah, Solomon)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

chronicles

church

Definition:

In the New Testament, the term "church" refers to a local group of believers in Jesus who regularly met together to pray and hear God's word preached. The term "the Church" often refers to all Christians.

Translation Suggestions:

(See also: assembly, believe, Christian)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

church, churches

circumcise

Related Ideas:

circumcision, uncircumcision

Definition:

The term "circumcise" means to cut off the foreskin of a man or male child. A circumcision ceremony may be performed in connection with this.

The terms "uncircumcised" and "uncircumcision" refer to a male who has not been physically circumcised. These terms are also used figuratively.

Translation Suggestions:

(See also: Abraham, covenant)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

circumcise, circumcised, circumcision, uncircumcised, uncircumcision

citizen

Related Ideas:

citizenship

Definition:

A citizen is someone who lives in a specific city, country, or kingdom. It especially refers to someone who is recognized officially as being a legal resident of that place.

( See: kingdom, Paul, province, Rome)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

citizen, citizens, citizenship

city of David

Facts:

The term "city of David" can refer to the city of Jerusalem, part of Jerusalem, or Bethlehem.

(See also: David, Bethlehem, Jerusalem)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

city of David

clan

Related Ideas:

ancestral clan

Definition:

The term "clan" refers to a group of extended family members who come from a common ancestor.

(See also: family, Jethro, tribe)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

ancestral clan, ancestral clans, clan, clans

clean

Related Ideas:

cleanness, cleanse, unclean, uncleanness, wash

Definition:

The term "clean" literally means to not have any dirt or stain. In the Bible, words like "clean" and "washed" are often used figuratively to mean, "pure," "holy," "free from sin," or "innocent".

In the Bible, the term "unclean" is used figuratively to refer to things that God declared to be unfit for his people to touch, eat, or sacrifice.

Translation Suggestions:

Translating "clean": * This term could be translated with the common word for "clean" or "pure" (in the sense of being not dirty). * Other ways to translate this could include, "ritually clean" or "acceptable to God." * "Cleanse" could be translated by "wash" or "purify." * Make sure that the words used for "clean" and "cleanse" can also be understood in a figurative sense.

Translating "unclean"" * The term "unclean" could also be translated as "not clean" or "unfit in God's eyes" or "physically unclean" or "defiled." * When referring to a demon as an unclean spirit, "unclean" could be translated as "evil" or "defiled." * The translation of this term should allow for spiritual uncleanness. It should be able to refer to anything that God declared as unfit for touching, eating, or sacrifice.

(See also: defile, demon, holy, sacrifice)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

clean, cleaned, cleanness, cleans, cleanse, cleansed, cleanses, cleansing, purge, unclean, uncleanness, wash, washed, washes, washing

clothed

Related Ideas:

cloth, clothe, cover, dressed, garment, put on, unclothed, wardrobe, wear

Definition:

When used figuratively in the Bible, "clothed with" means to be endowed or equipped with something. To "clothe" oneself with something means to seek to have a certain character quality.

Translation Suggestions:

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

cloth, clothe, clothed, clothes, clothing, cover, covered, coverings, coverings for their loins, covers, dressed, garment, garments, put ... on, putting ... on, unclothed, wardrobe, wear, wearing, worn

comfort

Related Ideas:

comforter, console, consolation

Definition:

The terms "comfort" and "comforter" refer to helping someone who is suffering physical or emotional pain.

Translation Suggestions:

(See also: courage, Holy Spirit)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

comfort, comforted, comforter, comforters, comforting, comforts, consolation, consolations, consoling, uncomforted

command

Related Ideas:

commandment, forbid, order, requirement, solemn command

Definition:

The term to "command" means to order someone to do something. A "command" or "commandment" is what the person was ordered to do.

Translation Suggestions

(See decree, statute, law, Ten Commandments)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

command, commanded, commanding, commandment, commandments, commands, forbid, forbidden, forbidding, give ... solemn command, given ... solemn commands, given an order, given orders, order, ordered, orders, requirement, solemn commands

commander

Related Ideas:

captain, leader, military officer, one who leads

Definition:

The term "commander" refers to a leader of an army who is responsible for leading and commanding a certain group of soldiers.

(See also: command, ruler, centurion)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

captain, captains, commander, commanders, leader, leaders, leading, military officers, one who leads

commit

Related Ideas:

commitment

Definition:

The terms "commit" and "commitment" refer to making a decision or promising to do something.

(See also: adultery, faithful, promise, sin)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

commit, commitment, commits, committed, committing

companion

Related Ideas:

associate, company, fellow worker, friend, partner, private advisor

Definitions:

The term "companion" refers to a person who goes with someone else or who is associated with someone else, such as in a friendship or marriage. The term "fellow worker" refers to someone who works with another person.

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

associates, companion, companions, company, fellow worker, fellow workers, friend, friends, keeps company with, partner, partners, private advisor

compassion

Related Ideas:

compassionate, deal gently with, pity, sympathy

Definition:

The term "compassion" refers to a feeling of concern for people, especially for those who are suffering. A "compassionate" person cares about other people and helps them.

Translation Suggestions:

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

compassion, compassionate, compassions, deal gently with, pitied, pity, sympathy

conceive

Related Ideas:

conception

Definition:

The terms "conceive" and "conception" usually refer to becoming pregnant with a child. It can also be used for animals that become pregnant.

(See also: create, womb)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

conceive, conceived, conceives, conception

concubine

Definition:

A concubine is a woman who is a secondary wife for a man who already has a wife. Usually a concubine is not legally married to the man.

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

concubine, concubines

condemn

Related Ideas:

condemnation, denounce, sentence, sentence of condemnation, sentenced to death

Definition:

The terms "condemn" and "condemnation" refer to judging someone for doing something wrong.

Translation Suggestions:

(See also: judge, punish)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

condemn, condemnation, condemned, condemning, condemns, denounce, sentence, sentence of condemnation, sentenced to death

confess

Related Ideas:

confession, profess

Definition:

To confess means to admit or assert that something is true. A "confession" is a statement or admission that something is true.

Translation Suggestions:

(See also: faith, testimony)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

confess, confessed, confesses, confessing, confession, profess

confidence

Related Ideas:

assure, carefree, confident, convinced, fully assured, without fear

Definition:

The term "confidence" refers to being sure that something is true or certain to happen.

Translation Suggestions:

(See also: believe, believe, bold, faithful, hope, trust)

Bible References:

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Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

assure, carefree, confidence, confident, confidently, convinced, fully assured, source of ... confidence, without fear

confirm

Related Ideas:

carry out, cause someone to believe firmly, confirmation, guarantee

Definition:

The terms "confirm" and "confirmation" refer to stating or assuring that something is true or sure or trustworthy.

(See also: covenant, oath, trust)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

carry out, cause ... to believe firmly, confirm, confirmation, confirmed, confirms, guaranteed

conscience

Definition:

The conscience is the part of a person's thinking through which God makes him aware that he is doing something sinful.

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

conscience, consciences

consecrate

Related Ideas:

consecrated portion, consecration

Definition:

To consecrate means to dedicate something or someone to serve God. The person or object that is consecrated is considered holy and set apart for God.

Translation Suggestions:

(See also: holy, pure, sanctify)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

consecrate, consecrated, consecrated portion, consecrates, consecration

consume

Related Ideas:

swallow

Definition:

The term "consume" literally means to use up something. It has several figurative meanings.

Translation Suggestions

(See also: devour, wrath)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

consume, consumed, consumes, consuming, swallow, swallowed, swallows

contempt

Related Ideas:

contemptible, have no standing, insolence, not worth listening to

Definitions:

The term "contempt" refers to a deep disrespect and dishonor that is shown toward something or someone. Something that is greatly dishonorable is called "contemptible."

(See also: dishonor)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

contempt, contemptible, have no standing, insolence, not worth listening to, showed ... contempt

cornerstone

Definition:

The term "cornerstone" refers to a large stone that has been specially cut and placed in the corner of the foundation of a building.

Translation Suggestions:

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

cornerstone, cornerstones

corrupt

Related Ideas:

corruption, depraved, flawed, incorruptibility, incorruptible

Definition:

The terms "corrupt" and "corruption" refer to a state of affairs in which people have become ruined, immoral, or dishonest.

Translation Suggestions:

(See also: evil)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

corrupt, corrupted, corrupting, corruption, corruptly, corrupts, depraved, flawed, incorruptibility, incorruptible

corrupt witness

Related Ideas:

false report, false testimony, false witness, testify falsely

Definition:

The terms "false witness" and "corrupt witness" refer to a person who says untrue things about a person or an event, usually in a formal setting such as a court.

Translation Suggestions:

(See also: testimony, true)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

corrupt witness, false report, false testimony, false witness, false witnesses, testify falsely

council

Definition:

A council is a group of people who meet to discuss, give advice, and make decisions about important matters.

(See also: assembly, counsel, Pharisee, law of Moses, priest, Sadducee, scribe)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

council, councils

counsel

Related Ideas:

advice, advise, advisor, consultation, consult, counselor

Definition:

The terms "counsel" and "advice" have the same meaning and refer to helping someone decide about what to do in a certain situation. A wise "counselor" or "advisor" is someone who gives advice or counsel that will help a person make right choices.

Translation Suggestions

(See also: exhort, Holy Spirit, wise)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

advice, advise, advised, advisor, advisors, consult, consultation, consultations, consulted, counsel, counselor, counselors, counsels, guidance

courage

Related Ideas:

brave, courageous, discourage, discouragement, encourage, encouragement

Definitions:

The term "courage" refers to boldly facing or doing something that is difficult, frightening, or dangerous.

The terms "encourage" and encouragement" refer to saying and doing things to cause someone to have comfort, hope, confidence, and courage.

The term "discourage" refers to saying and doing things that cause people to lose hope, confidence, and courage and so to have less desire to keep working hard to do what they know they should do.

Translation Suggestions

(See also: confidence, exhort, fear, strength)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

brave, bravest, courage, courageous, dare, dared, discourage, discouraged, discouragement, discouraging, encourage, encouraged, encouragement, encouraging, take courage

court

Related Ideas:

courtyard

Definition:

The terms "courtyard" and "court" refer to an enclosed area that is open to the sky and surrounded by walls. The term "court" also refers to a place where judges decide legal and criminal matters.

Translation Suggestions:

(See also: Gentile, judge, king, tabernacle, temple)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

court, courts, courtyard, courtyards

covenant

Related Ideas:

agreed, contract, new covenant, will

Definition:

A covenant is a formal, binding agreement between two parties that one or both parties must fulfill.

The term "new covenant" refers to the commitment or agreement God made with his people through the sacrifice of his Son, Jesus.

Translation Suggestions:

(See also: covenant, promise)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

agreed, contract, covenant, covenants, new covenant, will

covenant faithfulness

Related Ideas:

covenant loyalty, loving kindness, steadfast love, unfailing love

Definition:

This term is used to describe God's commitment to fulfill the promises that he made to his people.

Translation Suggestions:

(See also: covenant, faithful, grace, Israel, people of God, promise)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

covenant faithfulness, covenant loyalty, loving kindness, steadfast love, unfailing love

cow

Related Ideas:

bull, calf, cattle, heifer, ox, oxen

Definition:

The terms "cow," "bull," "heifer," "ox," and "cattle" all refer to a kind of large, four-legged bovine animal that eats grass.

A "heifer" is an adult female cow that has not yet given birth to a calf.

An "ox" is a type of cattle that is specifically trained to do agricultural work. The plural of this term is "oxen." Usually oxen are male and have been castrated.

(See also: yoke)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

bull, bull's, bulls, calf, calves, cattle, cow, cows, fattened calves, heifer, heifer's, ox, oxen

create

Related Ideas:

creation, creator, workmanship

Definition:

The term "create" means to make something or to cause something to be. Whatever is created is called a "creation." God is called the "Creator" because he caused everything in the entire universe to come into existence.

Translation Suggestions:

(See also: God, good news, world)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

create, created, created thing, creates, creation, creator, thing that has been created, workmanship

creature

Definition:

The term "creature" refers to all the living beings that God created, both humans and animals.

Translation Suggestions

(See also: create)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

creature, creatures

crime

Related Ideas:

criminal

Definition:

The term "crime" usually refers to a sin that involves breaking the law of a country or state. The term "criminal" refers to someone who has committed a crime.

(See also: thief)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

crime, crimes, criminal, criminals

cross

Definition:

In Bible times, a cross was an upright wooden post stuck into the ground, with a horizontal wooden beam attached to it near the top.

Translation Suggestions:

(See also: crucify, Rome)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

cross

crown

Related Ideas:

crest, garland, wreath

Definition:

A crown is a decorative, circular headpiece worn on the head of rulers such as kings and queens. The term to "crown" means to put a crown on someone's head; figuratively it means to "honor."

Sometimes "crown" is used figuratively. * The figurative use of to "crown" means to honor someone. We honor God by obeying him and praising him to others. This is like putting a crown on him and acknowledging that he is King. * Pauls calls fellow believers his "joy and crown." In this expression, "crown" is used figuratively to mean that Paul has been greatly blessed and honored by how these believers have remained faithful in serving God.

Translation Suggestions:

(See also: glory, king, olive)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

crest, crown, crowned, crowns, garland, wreath

crucify

Related Ideas:

nail him to a cross

Definition:

The term "crucify" means to execute someone by attaching him to a cross and leaving him there to suffer and die in great pain.

Translation Suggestions:

(See also: cross, Rome)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

crucified, crucify, nailing ... to a cross

cry

Related Ideas:

outcry, raised his voice, scream, shout, speak out, speak loudly

Definition:

The terms "cry" or "cry out" often mean to say something loudly and urgently. Someone can "cry out" in pain or in distress or in anger.

(See also: call, plead)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

cried, cried for help, cried out, cries, cries of distress, cries out, cry, cry ... for help, cry aloud, cry of distress, cry out, crying, crying out, outcries, outcry, raised ... voice, scream, screams, shout, shout out loud, shouted, shouting, shouting out, shouts, speak out, spoke loudly

cupbearer

Definition:

In Old Testament times, a "cupbearer" was a king's servant who was given the task of bringing the king his cup of wine, usually tasting the wine first to make sure it had not been poisoned.

(See also: Artaxerxes, Babylon, captive, Persia, Pharaoh)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

cupbearer, cupbearers

curse

Related Ideas:

accursed, speak evil

Definition:

The term "curse" means to cause negative things to happen to the person or thing that is being cursed.

Translation Suggestions:

(See also: bless)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

accursed, curse, cursed, curses, cursing, speaks evil

curtain

Related Ideas:

covering, screen

Definition:

In the Bible, the term "curtain" refers to a very thick, heavy piece of material used in the making of the tabernacle and the temple.

Translation Suggestions:

(See also: holy place, tabernacle, temple)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

covering, curtain, curtains, screen, screening

cut off

Related Ideas:

chop down, cut down, cut in two, pluck out, shear, tear off

Definition:

The expression "cut off" literally means to use a sharp instrument to remove a part of something. This can refer to, for example, removing a limb from a tree or an arm or leg from a person, or to chopping a tree completely down.

The expression "cut off" is also used to refer to God causing a river to stop flowing.

The metaphor "cut off" refers to people or God separating a person from his nation or community either by driving him away or by killing him.

To "shear" is to cut the hair off of an animal.

To "pluck" is to separate a part of something from the rest by pulling it off or out.

Picture of Cut Off From People:

Translation Suggestions:

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

chop ... down, chopped ... down, cut ... down, cut ... off, cut ... out of, cut in two, cut off, cuts ... off, cutting ... off, eliminate, pluck ... out, shear, sheared, tear ... off

cypress

Definition:

The term "cypress" refers to a kind of fir tree that was plentiful in the regions where people lived in Bible times, especially countries bordering the Mediterranean Sea.

(See also: ark, Cyprus, fir, Lebanon)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

cypress

darkness

Related Ideas:

dark, darken, gloom

Definition:

The terms "darkness" and "gloom" literally means an absence of light. There are also several figurative meanings of these terms:

Translation Suggestions:

(See also: corrupt, dominion, kingdom, light, redeem, righteous)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

dark, darken, darkened, darker, darkness, gloom, thick darkness, turned dark

daughter of Zion

Definition:

"Daughter of Zion" is a figurative way of referring to the people of Israel. It is usually used in prophecies.

Translation Suggestions:

(See also: Jerusalem, prophet, Zion)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

daughter of Zion

day

Related Ideas:

daily, daytime, morning, today

Definition:

The term "day" literally refers to a period of time lasting 24 hours beginning at sundown. It is also used figuratively.

(See also: judgment day, last day)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

daily, day, day's, days, days', daytime, morning, today

day of the Lord

Related Ideas:

day of Christ Jesus, day of Jesus Christ, day of Yahweh, day of Yahweh's wrath

Description:

The Old Testament term "day of Yahweh" is used to refer to one or more specific times when God would punish people for their sin.

Translation Suggestions:

(See also: day, judgment day, lord, resurrection, Yahweh)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

day of Christ Jesus, day of Jesus Christ, day of Yahweh, day of Yahweh's wrath, day of our Lord Jesus, day of our Lord Jesus Christ, day of the Lord

deacon

Definition:

A deacon is a person who serves in the local church, helping fellow believers with practical needs, such as food or money.

(See also: minister, servant)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

deacon, deacons

death

Related Ideas:

breathed their last, dead, deadly, deadness, deathly, die, lethal, mortal, stop breathing

Definition:

This term is used to refer to both physical and spiritual death. Physically, it refers to when the physical body of a person stops living. Spiritually, it refers to sinners being separated from a holy God because of their sin.

1. Physical death

2. Spiritual death

Translation Suggestions:

(See also: believe, faith, life, spirit)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

about to die, breathed ... last, causes ... death, dead, deadly, deadness, death, deathly, deaths, die, die with, died, dies, dying, fatal, lethal, mortal, stop breathing, stops breathing

deceive

Related Ideas:

lie, deal falsely, deceit, deception, deceptive, delusion, entice, error, false, falsehood, flatter, illusion, trick

Definition:

The word "deceive" means to cause someone to believe something that is not true.

Translation Suggestions:

(See also: true)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

a lie, deal falsely, deceit, deceitful, deceitfully, deceitfulness, deceive, deceived, deceiver, deceivers, deceives, deceiving, deception, deceptive, defraud, defrauded, delusion, entice, error, false, falsehood, falsely, flatter, flattering, flatters, flattery, illusions, liar, liars, lies, trick

declare

Related Ideas:

announce, declaration, proclaim, proclamation, pronounce

Definition:

The terms "declare" and "declaration" refer to making a formal or public statement, often to emphasize something. To "proclaim" means to announce or declare something publicly and boldly.

Translation Suggestions:

(See also: preach)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

announce, announced, announces, declaration, declarations, declare, declared, declares, declaring, proclaim, proclaimed, proclaiming, proclaims, proclamation, proclamations, pronounces

decree

Related Ideas:

prohibition

Definition:

A decree is a proclamation or law that is publicly declared to all the people.

(See also: command, declare, law, preach)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

decree, decreed, decrees, prohibition

dedicate

Related Ideas:

dedication, devote

Definition:

To dedicate is to set apart or commit something for a special purpose or function.

(See also: commit)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

dedicate, dedicated, dedicates, dedication, dedication offering, devote, devote ... to destruction, devoted, devoted ... to destruction

deer

Related Ideas:

doe, fawn, gazelle, hind, roebuck, stag

Definition:

A deer is a large, graceful, four-legged animal that lives in forests or on mountains. The male animal has large horns or antlers on its head.

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

deer, deer's, doe, does, fawns, gazelle, gazelles, hinds, roebuck, roebucks, stag

defile

Related Ideas:

pollute, pollution, stain

Definition:

The terms "defile" and "be defiled" refer to becoming polluted or dirty. Something can be defiled in a physical, moral, or ritual sense.

Translation Suggestions:

(See also: clean, clean)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

are defiled, be defiled, defile, defiled, defiles, defiling, polluted, pollutes, pollution, stain, stained, was defiled, were defiled

delight

Related Ideas:

delicacy, delicious, delightful, please, pleasant, pleasure

Definition:

A "delight" is something that pleases someone greatly or causes much joy.

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

am pleased, delicacies, delicacy, delicious, delight, delighted, delightful, delights, good pleasure, is pleased, pleasant, pleasantness, pleased, pleases, pleasing, pleasure, take ... pleasure, takes ... pleasure, took ... pleasure, very pleased, well pleased

deliver

Related Ideas:

defend, deliverance, deliverer, escape, relieve, rescue, rescuer

Definition:

To "deliver" someone means to rescue that person. The term "deliverer" refers to someone who rescues or frees people from slavery, oppression, or other dangers. The term "deliverance" refers to what happens when someone rescues or frees people from slavery, oppression, or other dangers.

Translation Suggestions:

(See also: judge, save)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

be rescued, defend, defended, deliver, deliverance, delivered, delivered ... over, deliverer, deliverers, delivering, delivers, escape, escaped, permit ... to escape, relieve, rescue, rescued, rescuer, rescues

demon

Related Ideas:

demonic

Definition:

All these terms refer to demons, which are spirit beings that oppose God's will.

Translation Suggestions:

(See also: demon-possessed, Satan, god, god, angel, evil, clean)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

demon, demonic, demons

demon-possessed

Related Ideas:

possessed by a demon

Definition:

A person who is demon-possessed has a demon or evil spirit that controls what he does and thinks.

Translation Suggestions:

(See also: demon)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

demon-possessed, possessed by a demon, possessed by demons

descendant

Related Ideas:

descend, posterity

Definition:

A "descendant" is someone who is a direct blood relative of someone else further back in history.

(See also: Abraham, father, Jacob, Noah, twelve tribes of Israel)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

clans descended, descend, descendant, descendants, descended, posterity

desecrate

Definition:

The term "desecrate" means to damage or contaminate a sacred place or object in such a way that it is unacceptable for use in worship.

(See also: altar, defile, dishonor, profane, pure, temple, holy)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

desecrate, desecrated, desecrating

desert

Related Ideas:

remote place, solitary place, wilderness

Definition:

A desert, or wilderness, is a dry, barren place where very few plants and trees can grow.

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

desert, deserts, remote places, solitary place, wilderness, wildernesses

desolate

Related Ideas:

alone, deserted, desolation, desolations, isolated, left alone, left without, lonely

Definition:

The terms "desolate" and "desolation" refer to destroying an inhabited region so that it becomes uninhabited.

(See also: desert, devastated, ruin, waste)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

alone, deserted, deserted place, deserted places, desolate, desolation, desolations, isolated, left ... alone, left ... without, lonely, made ... desolate, making ... desolate, uninhabited

destroy

Related Ideas:

break down, bring ... to nothing, destruction, remove, cut to pieces, demolish, destroyer, destructive, downfall, overthrow, pass away, put an end to, shatter, spoil, throw down, waste away

Definition:

To destroy something is to completely make an end to it, so that it no longer exists.

(See also: angel, Egypt, firstborn, Passover)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

an end is put to, be destroyed, break ... down, breaking ... down, breaks ... down, bring ... to nothing, broke to pieces, broken, broken to pieces, brought ... down, brought ... to nothing, complete destruction, completely destroy, completely destroyed, crashing sound, cut ... to pieces, cut into pieces, cuts ... into pieces, demolish, destroy, destroy ... completely, destroyed, destroyer, destroyers, destroying, destroys, destruction, destructive, downfall, overthrew, overthrown, pass away, put an end to, shatter, shattered, shattering, spoil, throw down, throws ... down, thrown down, wasting away

detest

Related Ideas:

abhor, abhorrent, abhorrence, be disgusted with, detestable, disgusting, hate

Definitions:

The term "detestable" describes something that should be disliked and rejected. To "detest" something means to strongly dislike it.

(See also: divination, clean)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

abhor, abhorred, abhorrence, abhorrent, abhorrently, abhors, be disgusted with, detest, detestable, detestable idol, detestable idols, detestable thing, detestable things, detested, disgusted, disgusting, hate, hated, hates

devastated

Related Ideas:

devastate, devastation

Definition:

The term "devastated" or "devastation" refers to having one's property or land ruined or destroyed. It also often includes destroying or capturing the people living on that land.

Translation Suggestions

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

devastate, devastated, devastates, devastating, devastation, devastations

devour

Definition:

The term "devour" means to eat or consume in an aggressive manner.

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

devour, devoured, devouring, devours

discern

Related Ideas:

discernment, discretion, distinguish

Definition:

The term "discern" means to be able to understand something, especially being able to know whether something is right or wrong.

Translation Suggestions:

(See also: judge, wise)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

discern, discerned, discerning, discernment, discretion, distinguish, distinguishing

disciple

Definition:

The term "disciple" refers to a person who spends much time with a teacher, learning from that teacher's character and teaching.

Translation Suggestions:

(See also: apostle, believe, Jesus, John (the Baptist), the twelve)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

disciple, disciples

discipline

Related Ideas:

idle, confront, disorderly, self-discipline, train

Definition:

The term "discipline" refers to training people to obey a set of guidelines for moral behavior.

Translation Suggestions:

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

are ... idle, confronted, discipline, disciplined, disciplines, disorderly, no discipline, self-discipline, trained, training, trains, untrained, were ... idle

disgrace

Related Ideas:

disgraceful, vile

Definitions:

The term "disgrace" refers to a loss of honor and respect.

(See also: dishonor, honor, shame)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

disgrace, disgraced, disgraceful, disgraceful thing, disgraces, vile

dishonor

Related Ideas:

dishonorable, lightly esteemed

Definition:

The term "dishonor" means to do something that is disrespectful to someone. This can also cause that person shame or disgrace.

(See also: disgrace, honor)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

dishonor, dishonorable, dishonored, dishonors, lightly esteemed

disobey

Related Ideas:

disobedient

Definition:

The term "disobey" means to not obey what someone in authority has commanded or instructed. A person who does this is being "disobedient."

(See also: authority, evil, sin, obey)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

disobedience, disobedient, disobey, disobeyed, disobeying, disobeys

disperse

Related Ideas:

dispersion, distribute, go apart, scatter

Definition:

The terms "disperse" and "dispersion" refer to the scattering of people or things into many different directions.

(See also: believe, persecute)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

disperse, dispersed, dispersion, distributed, go apart, scatter, scattered, scatters

divination

Related Ideas:

divine, diviner, enchantment, interpret omens, soothsayer, spells

Definition:

The terms "divination" and "soothsaying" refer to the practice of trying to get information from spirits in the supernatural world. A person who does this is sometimes called a "diviner" or "soothsayer."

(See also: apostle, god, magic, sorcery)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

divination, divinations, divine, diviner, diviners, divining, enchantments, interpret omens, interprets omens, practice ... divination, soothsayer, soothsaying, spells

divine

Related Ideas:

deity, divine nature

Definition:

The term "divine" refers to anything pertaining to God.

Translation Suggestions:

(See also: authority, god, glory, God, judge, power)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

deity, divine, divine nature

divorce

Definition:

A divorce is the legal act of ending a marriage. The term to "divorce" means to formally and legally separate from one's spouse in order to end the marriage.

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

divorce, divorces

doctrine

Related Ideas:

beliefs, learning

Definition:

The word "doctrine" literally means "teaching." It usually refers to religious teaching.

(See also: teach)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

beliefs, doctrine, doctrines, learning

dominion

Related Ideas:

control, dominate, subjugate

Definition:

The term "dominion" refers to power, control, or authority over people, animals, or land.

Translation Suggestions:

(See also: authority, power)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

control, controls, dominate, dominion, dominions, subjugate

donkey

Related Ideas:

mule

Definition:

A donkey is a four-legged work animal, similar to a horse, but smaller and with longer ears.

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

donkey, donkey's, donkeys, mule, mules, wild donkey

doom

Definition:

The term "doom" refers to a judgment of condemnation with no possibility of appeal or escape.

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

doom

doorpost

Definition:

The "doorpost" is a vertical beam on either side of a door, which supports the top of the door frame.

(See also: Egypt, Passover)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

doorpost, doorposts

dove

Related Ideas:

pigeon

Definition:

Doves and pigeons are two kinds of small, gray-brown birds that look similar. A dove is often thought of as being lighter in color, almost white.

(See also: olive, innocent, pure)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

dove, dove's, doves, pigeon, pigeons

dream

Related Ideas:

dreamer

Definition:

A dream is something that people see or experience in their minds while they are sleeping.

(See also: vision)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

dream, dreamed, dreamer, dreamers, dreaming, dreams

drink offering

Definition:

A drink offering was a sacrifice to God that involved pouring wine on an altar. It was often offered together with a burnt offering and a grain offering.

Translation Suggestions:

(See also: burnt offering, grain offering)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

drink offering, drink offerings

drunk

Related Ideas:

intoxicated, drink much, drunkard, drunkenness

Definitions:

The term "drunk" means to be intoxicated from drinking too much of an alcoholic beverage.

(See also: wine)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

be ... intoxicated, became drunk, become drunk, drank freely, drink much, drunk, drunkard, drunkards, drunkenness, get drunk

dung

Related Ideas:

manure

Definition:

The term "dung" refers to human or animal solid waste, and is also called feces or excrement. When used as fertilizer for enriching the soil, it is called "manure."

(See also: gate)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

dung, manure

eagle

Related Ideas:

vulture

Definition:

An eagle is a very large, powerful bird of prey that eats small animals such as fish, mice, snakes, and chickens. A vulture is a large powerful bird that eats dead animals that it finds.

(See also: Daniel, free, Nebuchadnezzar, power)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

eagle, eagle's, eagles, eagles', vultures

earth

Related Ideas:

clay, dust, earthen, earthly, ground, land, soil

Definition:

The term "earth" refers to the world that human beings live on, along with all other forms of life.

Translation Suggestions:

(See also: spirit, world)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

clay, dust, earth, earth's, earthen, earthly, ground, land, lands, soil

elder

Definition:

Elders are spiritually mature men who have responsibilities of spiritual and practical leadership among God's people.

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

elder, elders

elect

Related Ideas:

Chosen One, choice, choose, election

Definition:

The term "the elect" literally means "chosen ones" or "chosen people" and refers to those whom God has appointed or selected to be his people. "Chosen One" or "Chosen One of God" is a title that refers to Jesus, who is the chosen Messiah.

Translation Suggestions:

(See also: appoint, Christ)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Chosen One, choice, choose, chooses, chose, chosen, chosen one, chosen ones, chosen people, elect, election

endure

Related Ideas:

endurance, patient endurance, put up with, resist, stand

Definition:

The term "endure" means to last a long time or to bear something difficult with patience.

Translation Suggestions:

(See also: persevere)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

endurance, endure, endured, endures, enduring, patient endurance, put up with, resist, stand

enslave

Related Ideas:

bondage, bring into slavery, slave, slavery

Definition:

To "enslave" someone means to force that person to serve a master or a ruling country. To be "enslaved" or "in bondage" means to be under the control of something or someone.

Translation Suggestions:

(See also: free, righteous, servant)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

being slaves, bondage, bring ... into slavery, enslave, enslaved, enslaves, female slave, female slaves, male slaves, slave, slave girl, slave girls, slaved, slavery, slaves

envy

Related Ideas:

covet, covetousness, envious, greed

Definition:

The term "envy" refers to being jealous of someone because of what that person possesses or because of that person's admirable qualities.

(See also: jealous)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

covet, coveted, coveting, covetousness, envied, envious, envy, envying, greed, greedy

ephod

Definition:

An ephod was an apron-like garment worn by the Israelite priests. It had two parts, front and back, that were joined together at the shoulders and tied around the waist with a cloth belt.

(See also: priest)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

ephod

eternity

Related Ideas:

ages long ago, eternal, ever, everlasting, for all time, forever, forevermore

Definition:

The terms "everlasting" and "eternal" have very similar meanings and refer to something that will always exist or that lasts forever.

The term "forever" refers to never-ending time. Sometimes it is used figuratively to mean "a very long time."

Translation Suggestions:

(See also: David, reign, life)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

ages long ago, eternal, eternity, ever, everlasting, for all time, forever, forevermore, never

eunuch

Definition:

Usually the term "eunuch" refers to a man who has been castrated. The term later became a general term to refer to any government official, even those without the deformity.

(See also: Philip)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

eunuch, eunuchs

evangelist

Definition:

An "evangelist" is a person who tells other people the good news about Jesus Christ.

Translation Suggestions:

(See also: good news, spirit, gift)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

evangelist, evangelists

evil

Related Ideas:

deal violently, displeasing, evil actions, evil deeds, evil plans, fraudulent, harm, harmful, violate, violence, violent, wicked, wicked deeds, wickedly, wickedness, wretched, wretchedly

Definition:

The terms "evil" and "wicked" both refer to anything that is opposed to God's holy character and will.

Translation Suggestions:

(See also: disobey, sin, good, righteous, demon)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

deal violently, deal worse, displeasing, do ... evil, do ... violence, done ... violence, evil, evil actions, evil deeds, evil plans, evils, fraudulent, harm, harmful, violate, violated, violates, violence, violent, wicked, wicked deeds, wickedly, wickedness, wretched, wretchedly, wretches

evildoer

Related Ideas:

do harm, do evil, harmed, work out evil

Definition:

The term "evildoer" is a general reference to people who do sinful and wicked things.

(See also: evil)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

did ... harm, do ... harm, doing evil, doing harm, evildoer, evildoers, harmed, work out evil

exalt

Related Ideas:

exaltation, high position, leadership position, lifted up

Definition:

To exalt is to lift up. Often exalt means to praise or honor someone or something. It can also mean to put someone in an honored position of leadership.

Translation Suggestions:

(See also: praise, worship, glory, boast, proud)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

exalt, exaltation, exalted, exalting, exalts, high position, leadership positions, lifted up, lofty

exhort

Related Ideas:

exhortation, urge

Definition:

The term "exhort" means to strongly encourage and urge someone to do what is right. Such encouragement is called "exhortation."

Translation Suggestions:

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

exhort, exhortation, exhortations, exhorted, exhorting, urge, urged

exile

Definition:

The term "exile" refers to people being forced to live somewhere away from their home country.

Translation Suggestions:

(See also: Babylon, Judah)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

exile, exiled, exiles

face

Related Ideas:

before, facedown, facial, presence, surface

Definition:

The word "face" literally refers to the front part of a person's head. This term also has several figurative meanings.

Translation Suggestions:

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

before, face, faced, facedown, faces, facial, facing, presence, surface

faith

Definition:

In general, the term "faith" refers to a belief, trust or confidence in someone or something.

Translation Suggestions:

(See also: believe, faithful)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

faith

faithful

Related Ideas:

faithfully, faithfulness, reliable

Definition:

To be "faithful" to God means to consistently live according to God's teachings. It means to be loyal to him by obeying him.The state or condition of being faithful is "faithfulness."

The term "unfaithful" describes people who do not do what God has commanded them to do. The condition or practice of being unfaithful is "unfaithfulness."

Translation Suggestions:

Translating "faithful" and "faithfulness" * In many contexts, "faithful" can be translated as "loyal" or "dedicated" or "dependable." * In other contexts, "faithful" can be translated by a word or phrase that means "continuing to believe" or "persevering in believing and obeying God." * Ways that "faithfulness" could be translated could include "persevering in believing" or "loyalty" or "trustworthiness" or "believing and obeying God."

Translating "unfaithful" and "unfaithfulness" * Depending on the context, "unfaithful" could be translated as "not faithful" or "unbelieving" or "not obedient" or "not loyal." * The phrase "the unfaithful" could be translated as "people who are not faithful (to God)" or "unfaithful people" or "those who disobey God" or "people who rebel against God." * The term "unfaithfulness" could be translated as "disobedience" or "disloyalty" or "not believing or obeying." * In some languages, the term "unfaithful" is related to the word for "unbelief."

(See also: adultery, believe, disobey, faith, believe)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

faithful, faithful one, faithful people, faithfully, faithfulness, reliable, show ... self ... faithful

faithless

Related Ideas:

faithless deeds, faithlessly, faithlessness, unbelief, unbeliever, unfaithful, unfaithfully, unfaithfulness

Definition:

The term "faithless" means to not have faith or to not believe.

Translation Suggestions

(See also: believe, faithful, disobey)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

be unfaithful, faithless, faithless deeds, faithlessly, faithlessness, those who do not believe, unbelief, unbeliever, unbelievers, unbelieving, unfaithful, unfaithfully, unfaithfulness

false prophet

Definition:

A false prophet is a person who wrongly claims that his message comes from God.

(See also: fulfill, prophet, true)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

false prophet, false prophets

family

Related Ideas:

family line, genealogical record

Definition:

The term "family" refers to a group of people who are related by blood and usually includes a father, mother, and their children. It often also includes other relatives such as grandparents, grandchildren, uncles and aunts.

(See also: clan, father, house)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

families, family, family line, genealogical record, genealogical records, genealogies, genealogy, recorded in ... genealogies, recorded in ... genealogy

famine

Related Ideas:

famished, hunger

Definition:

The term "famine" refers to an extreme lack of food throughout a country or region, usually due to not enough rain. The term "famished" means extremely hungry. * Food crops can fail from natural causes such as lack of rain, crop disease, or insects. * Food shortages can also be caused by people, such as enemies who destroy crops. * In the Bible, God often caused famine as a way to punish nations when they sinned against him. * In Amos 8:11 the term "famine" is used figuratively to refer to a time when God punished his people by not speaking to them. This could be translated with the word for "famine" in your language, or with a phrase such as "extreme lack" or "severe deprivation."

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

famine, famines, famished, hunger

fast

Definition:

The term to "fast" means to stop eating food for a period of time, such as for a day or more. Sometimes it also includes not drinking.

(See also: Jewish authorities)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

fast, fasted, fasting, fastings, fasts

father

Related Ideas:

ancestor, ancestral, beget, fatherless, forefather, grandfather, orphan

Definition:

When used literally, the term "father" refers to a person's male parent. * A "grandfather" is someone's father's father or someone's mother's father. * A "forefather" is one of a person's male ancestors, such as his grandfather's grandfather. * An "ancestral household" is a social unit of those people who are descended from one ancestor. * A person who is "fatherless" does not have a father. * An "orphan" is a person who has no parents. In Bible times widows were often not able to care for their children, so a child with a mother but no father could also be thought of as an orphan. * To "beget" someone is to become that person's father.

There are also several figurative uses of the term "father."

Translation Suggestions

(See also: God the Father, son, Son of God)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

ancestor, ancestor's, ancestors, ancestors', ancestral, beget, begot, father, father's, fathered, fathering, fatherless, fathers, fathers', forefather, forefathers, grandfather, orphan, orphans

favor

Related Ideas:

favorable, favoritism, privilege, request for favor, show favor

Definition:

To "favor" is to prefer. When someone favors a person, he regards that person positively and does more to benefit that person than he does to benefit others.

Translation Suggestions:

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

favor, favorable, favored, favoritism, favors, privilege, request for favor, seek ... favor, seeking the favor, show favor, shown favor, sought ... favor

fear

Related Ideas:

afraid, alarmed, anxiety, coward, dismay, dread, fainthearted, fearful, fearlessly, fearsome, frighten, timid, unafraid

Definition:

The terms "fear" and "afraid" refer to the unpleasant feeling a person has when there is a threat of harm to himself or others.

Translation Suggestions:

(See also: amazed, awe, lord, power, Yahweh)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

afraid, alarmed, anxiety, cowards, dismay, dismayed, dread, dreaded, fainthearted, fear, feared, fearful, fearful thing, fearlessly, fears, fearsome, frighten, frightened, timid, unafraid

feast

Related Ideas:

dinner

Definition:

The term "feast" refers to an event where a group of people eat a very large meal together, often for the purpose of celebrating something. The action to "feast" means to eat a large amount of food or to participate in eating a feast together.

(See also: festival)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

dinner, feast, feasting, feasts

fellowship

Related Ideas:

alliance, associate with, association, allied with, contribution, participants with, partnership, share, united

Definition:

In general, the term "fellowship" refers to friendly interactions between members of a group of people who share similar interests and experiences.

Translation Suggestions:

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

alliance, alliances, associate with, association, be allied with, be participants with, contribution, contributions, fellowship, participant, participants, partnership, share, sharers, shares, sharing, united

fellowship offering

Definitions:

In the Old Testament, the "fellowship offering" was a kind of sacrifice that was offered for different reasons, such as to give thanks to God or to fulfill a vow.

(See also: burnt offering, fulfill, grain offering, guilt offering, peace offering, priest, sacrifice, unleavened bread, vow)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

fellowship offering, fellowship offerings

festival

Definition:

In general, a festival is a celebration held by a community of people.

(See also: feast)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

festival, festivals

fig

Definition:

A fig is a small, soft, sweet fruit that grows on trees. When ripe, this fruit can be a variety of colors, including brown, yellow, or purple.

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

fig, figs

filled with the Holy Spirit

Related Ideas:

full of the Holy Spirit

Definition:

The term "filled with the Holy Spirit" is a figurative expression that, when used to describe a person means the Holy Spirit is empowering that person to do God's will.

Translation Suggestions:

(See also: Holy Spirit)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

filled ... with the Holy Spirit, full ... of the Holy Spirit, full ... of the Spirit

fir

Definition:

A fir tree is a kind of tree that stays green all year and has cones that contain seeds.

(See also: cedar, cypress)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

fir, firs

fire

Related Ideas:

blazing, fiery, firebrands, inflame, kindle

Definition:

Fire is the heat, light, and flames that are produced when something is burned.

The word "fire" and ideas related to fire are also used figuratively. * The term "fire" can refer to judgment or purification. * The phrase "baptize with fire" could also be translated as "cause to experience suffering in order to be purified." * Fire is used to refine gold and other metals. In the Bible, this process is used to explain how God refines people through difficult things that happen in their lives.

(See also: pure)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

blazing, fiery, fire, firebrands, fires, flaming, kindle, kindled, kindles, set fire to, set ... on fire, sets ... on fire

firstborn

Related Ideas:

first issue

Definition:

The term "firstborn" refers to an offspring of people or animals that is born first, before the other offspring are born.

Translation Suggestions:

(See also: inherit, sacrifice, son)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

first ... issue, firstborn

firstfruit

Definition:

The term "firstfruits" refers to a portion of the first crop of fruits and vegetables that was reaped during each harvest season.

Translation Suggestions:

(See also: firstborn)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

firstfruit, firstfruits

fishermen

Related Ideas:

fish, fisher

Definition:

Fishermen are men who catch fish from the water as a means of earning money. In the New Testament, the fishermen used large nets to catch fish. The term "fishers" is another name for fishermen.

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

fish, fishermen, fishers

flesh

Related Ideas:

fleshly, human, living creatures, meat, physical

Definition:

In the Bible, the term "flesh" literally refers to the soft tissue of the physical body of a human being or animal.

Translation Suggestions:

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

flesh, fleshly, human, humans, living creatures, meat, physical

flock

Related Ideas:

herd

Definition:

In the Bible, "flock" refers to a group of sheep or goats and "herd" refers to a group of cattle, oxen, or pigs.

(See also: goat, cow, pig, sheep, )

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

flock, flocking, flocks, herd, herds

flute

Related Ideas:

pipe, wind instrument

Definition:

In Bible times, pipes were musical instruments made of bone or wood with holes to allow the sound to come out. A flute was a kind of pipe.

(See also: flock, shepherd)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

flute, flutes, pipe, pipes, wind instruments

fool

Related Ideas:

folly, foolish, foolishly, foolishness, insane, insanity, out of his mind, senseless, stupid, thoughtless, unwise

Definition:

The term "fool" refers to a person who often makes wrong choices, especially choosing to disobey. The term "foolish" describes a person or behavior that is not wise.

Translation Suggestions:

(See also: wise)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

act of disgraceful folly, acted ... foolishly, disgraceful folly, folly, fool, foolish, foolishness, fools, insane, insanity, out of ... mind, senseless, spoken ... foolishly, stupid, thoughtless, unwise

footstool

Definition:

The term "footstool" refers to an object which a person puts his feet on, usually to rest them while sitting. This term also has figurative meanings of submission and lower status.

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

footstool

foreigner

Related Ideas:

alien, barbarian, foreign, sojourn, sojourner, stranger, tenant

Definition:

The term "foreigner" refers to a person living in a country that is not his own. Another name for a foreigner is an "alien."

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

alien, alienated, alienates, barbarian, foreign, foreigner, foreigners, live as a foreigner, living as foreigners, sojourn, sojourned, sojourner, sojourners, sojourning, stranger, strangers, tenant, tenants

foreknow

Related Ideas:

foreknowledge

Definition:

The verb "foreknow" means to know something before it happens.

Translation Suggestions:

(See also: know, predestine)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

foreknew, foreknowledge, foreknown

forgive

Related Ideas:

forgiven, forgiveness, pardon

Definition:

To forgive someone means to not hold a grudge against that person even though they did something hurtful. "Forgiveness" is the act of forgiving someone.

The term "pardon" means to forgive and not punish someone for his sin.

Translation Suggestions:

(See also: guilt)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

forgave, forgive, forgiven, forgiveness, forgives, pardon, pardoned

forsaken

Related Ideas:

abandon, give up, leave, walk away from

Definition:

The term "forsake" means to abandon someone or to give up something. Someone who has been "forsaken" has been deserted or abandoned by someone else.

Translation Suggestions:

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

abandon, abandoned, forsake, give up, has left, have left, leave, left, walk away from

found

Related Ideas:

establish, foundation, founder

Definition:

The verb "found" means build, create, or lay a base for. The phrase "founded on" means supported by or based on. A "foundation" is the base of support on which something is built or created.

Translation Suggestions:

(See also: cornerstone, create)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

established, establishes, found, foundation, foundations, founded, founder, founds, lay ... foundation, lay ... foundations

fountain

Related Ideas:

spring

Definition:

The terms "fountain" and "spring" usually refer to a large amount of water that flows out naturally from the ground.

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

fountain, fountains, spring, springing, springs

frankincense

Definition:

Frankincense is a fragrant spice made from tree resin. It is used to make perfumes and incense.

(See also: Bethlehem, learned men)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

frankincense

free

Related Ideas:

freedom, freeman, liberty, volunteer, without cost, without paying for it

Definition:

The terms "free" or "freedom" refer to not being in slavery, or any other kind of bondage. Another word for "freedom" is "liberty."

Translation Suggestions:

(See also: bind, enslave, servant)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

free, freed, freedom, freeing, freely, freely gave, freeman, frees, liberty, set ... free, volunteer, volunteered, without cost, without paying for it

freewill offering

Related Ideas

offer freewill gifts

Definition:

A freewill offering was a type of sacrifice to God that was not required by the Law of Moses. It was a person's own choice to give this offering.

(See also: burnt offering, Ezra, feast, grain offering, guilt offering, law of Moses, sin offering)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

freewill offering, freewill offerings, offered freewill gifts

fruit

Related Ideas:

bear fruit, crop, fruitful, produce, productive land, unfruitful

Definition:

The term "fruit" literally refers to the part of a plant that can be eaten. * A "fruitful" plant is one that has a lot of good fruit. * The expression "fruit of the land" refers generally to everything that the land produces for people to eat. This includes not only fruits such as grapes or dates, but also vegetables, nuts, and grains. * The term "crop" can refer to what people have planted for for food. * The term "crop" can refer to the food that is harvested at one time.

Sometimes the term "fruit" and ideas related to it are used figuratively. * In general, the expression "fruit of" refers to anything that comes from or that is produced by something else. For example, the "fruit of wisdom" refers to the good things that come from being wise. * The expression "fruit of the womb" refers to "what the womb produces"—that is, children. * The Bible often uses "fruit" to refer to a person's actions. Just as fruit on a tree shows what kind of tree it is, in the same way a person's words and actions reveal what his character is like. * The expression "fruit of the Spirit" refers to godly qualities that the Holy Spirit produces in the lives of people who obey him. * The term "fruitful" can be used figuratively to mean "prosperous." This often refers to having many children and descendants, as well as having plenty of food and other wealth.

Translation Suggestions:

(See also: descendant, grain, grape, Holy Spirit, vine, womb)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

bear fruit, crop, crops, fruit, fruitful, fruits, produce, productive land, unfruitful

fulfill

Related Ideas:

carry out, fill to the limit, finish, fulfillment, in full, make something full

Definition:

The term "fulfill" means to complete or accomplish something that was expected.

Translation Suggestions:

(See also: prophet, Christ, minister, call)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

carried out, fill up ... to the limit, finishing, fulfill, fulfilled, fulfillment, fulfills, in full, make ... full

furnace

Related Ideas:

kiln, oven

Definitions:

A furnace was a very large oven used for heating objects to a high temperature.

(See also: god, image)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

furnace, furnaces, kiln, oven, ovens

gate

Related Ideas:

doorkeeper, entrance, gate bars, gatekeeper, gateposts, gateway

Definition:

A "gate" is a hinged barrier at an access point in a fence or wall that surrounds a house or city.

Translation Suggestions:

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

entrance, gate, gate bars, gateposts, gates, gateway, gateways

generation

Definition:

The term "generation" refers to a group of people who were all born around the same time period.

Translation Suggestions

(See also: descendant, evil, father)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

generation, generations

giant

Definition:

The word "giant" usually refers to a person who is extremely tall and strong.

(See also: Canaan, Goliath, Philistines)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

giant, giants

gift

Related Ideas:

give, gracious gift

Definition:

The term "gift" refers to anything that is given or offered to someone. A gift is given without the expectation of getting anything in return

Translation Suggestions:

(See also: spirit, Holy Spirit)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

gift, gifts, give, gracious gift

gird

Definition:

The term "gird" means to fasten something around something else. It often refers to wrapping a belt or sash around the waist to keep a robe or tunic in place.

Picture of Girding a sword:

Translation Suggestions

(See also: loins)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

gird, girded, girding, girds

glean

Related Ideas:

pick up

Definition:

The term "glean" means to go through a field or orchard and pick up whatever grain or fruit the harvesters have left behind.

(See also: Boaz, grain, harvest, Ruth)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

glean, gleaned, gleanings, gleans, picked up

glory

Related Ideas:

beautiful, beauty, glorify, glorious, take pride

Definition:

In general, the term "glory" means honor, splendor, and extreme greatness. Anything that has glory is said to be "glorious."

The term "glorify" means to show or tell how great and important something or someone is. It literally means to "give glory to."

Translation Suggestions:

(See also: exalt, obey, praise)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

beautiful, beauty, glories, glorified, glorifies, glorify, glorifying, glorious, glory, take pride

goat

Related Ideas:

goatskins, kid, scapegoat, young goat

Definition:

A goat is a medium-sized, four-legged animal which is similar to a sheep and is raised primarily for its milk and meat. A baby goat is called a "kid."

(See also: flock, sacrifice, sheep, righteous, wine)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

goat, goats, goats', goatskins, kid, kids, scapegoat, young goat

god

Related Ideas:

disgusting figure, false god, goat idols, goddess, idolater, idolatrous, idolatry

Definition:

A false god is something that people worship instead of the one true God. The term "goddess" refers specifically to a female false god.

An idol is an object that people make so they can worship it. Something is described as "idolatrous" if it involves giving honor to something other than the one true God.

Translation Suggestions:

(See also: God, Asherah, Baal, Molech, demon, image, kingdom, worship)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

disgusting figure, disgusting figures, false god, goat idols, god, goddess, gods, idol, idol's, idolater, idolaters, idolatrous, idolatry, idols, idols'

godly

Related Ideas:

godless, godless actions, godlessness, godliness, ungodliness, ungodly

Definition:

The term "godly" is used to describe a person who acts in a way that honors God and shows what God is like. "Godliness" is the character quality of honoring God by doing his will.

The terms "ungodly" and "godless" describe people who are in rebellion against God. Living in an evil way, without thought of God, is called "ungodliness" or "godlessness."

Translation Suggestions:

(See also evil, honor, obey, righteous, righteous)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

godless, godless actions, godlessness, godliness, godly, godly life, ungodliness, ungodly

gold

Related Ideas:

golden, goldsmith, purest gold

Definition:

Gold is a yellow, high quality metal that was used for making jewelry and religious objects. It was the most valuable metal in ancient times.

(See also: altar, ark of the covenant, god, silver, tabernacle, temple)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

gold, golden, goldsmith, goldsmiths, purest gold

good

Related Ideas:

best, better, fair, good things, goodness, improved, prefer, proper, well

Definition:

The word "good" has different meanings depending on the context. Many languages will use different words to translate these different meanings.

Translation Suggestions:

(See also: evil, holy, profit, righteous)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

best, better, do ... good, fair, good, good things, goodness, goods, improved, made ... better, prefer, proper, seemed good, well

good news

Related Ideas:

gospel

Definition:

The term "gospel" literally means "good news" and refers to a message or announcement that tells people something that benefits them and makes them glad.

Translation Suggestions:

(See also: kingdom, sacrifice, save)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

announce good news, announced the good news, announcing ... the good news, being told good news, bring ... good news, brings ... good news, brought ... good news, good news, gospel, gospel's, had ... good news proclaimed, preach the gospel, preached the gospel beforehand, preaching ... the gospel, proclaim ... gospel, proclaimed the good news, proclaimed the gospel, proclaiming ... good news, proclaiming the gospel, telling ... good news, were told the good news

gossip

Related Ideas:

gossiper

Definition:

The term "gossip" refers to talking to people about someone else's personal affairs, usually in a negative and unproductive way. Often what is talked about has not been confirmed as true.

(See also: slander)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

gossip, gossiper, gossips

governor

Related Ideas:

deputy, govern government, high officials, proconsul

Definition:

A "governor" is a person who rules over a state, region, or territory. To "govern" means to guide, lead, or manage them.

Translation Suggestions:

(See also: authority, king, power, province, Rome, ruler)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

deputy, govern, government, governments, governor, governors, high officials, proconsul, proconsuls, provincial governors

grace

Related Ideas:

generous, gracious, graciously

Definition:

The word "grace" refers to help or blessing that is given to someone who has not earned it. The term "gracious" describes someone who shows grace to others.

Translation Suggestions:

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

act of grace, generous, grace, gracious, graciously, graciously given

grain

Related Ideas:

grainfields, standing grain

Definition:

The term "grain" usually refers to the seed of a food plant such as wheat, barley, corn, millet, or rice. It can also refer to the whole plant.

(See also: head, wheat)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

grain, grainfields, grains, standing grain

grain offering

Definition:

A grain offering was a gift of wheat or barley flour offered to God, often after a burnt offering.

(See also: burnt offering, guilt offering , sacrifice, sin offering)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

grain offering, grain offerings

grape

Related Ideas:

raisin

Definition:

A grape is a small, round, smooth-skinned berry fruit that grows in clusters on vines. The juice of grapes is used in making wine.

(See also: vine, vineyard, wine)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

grape, grapes, raisin, raisins

groan

Related Ideas:

sigh

Definition:

The term to "groan" refers to the uttering of a deep, low sound that is caused by physical or emotional distress. It could also be the sound someone makes without any words.

(See also: cry)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

groan, groaned, groaning, groanings, groans, sigh, sighed, sighed deeply, sighing

guilt

Related Ideas:

guilty, accountable, reason for a penalty

Definition:

The term "guilt" refers to the fact of having sinned or committed a crime.

Translation Suggestions:

(See also: innocent, iniquity, punish, sin)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

cause ... to become guilty, find guilty, guilt, guilty, held accountable, reason for ... penalty

guilt offering

Definition:

A guilt offering was an offering or sacrifice that God required an Israelite to make if he had accidentally did something wrong such as disrespect God or damage another person's property.

(See also: burnt offering, grain offering, sacrifice, sin offering)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

guilt offering, guilt offerings

hail

Related Ideas:

hailstones, hailstorm

Definitions:

This term usually refers to lumps of frozen water that fall from the sky. Although spelled the same way in English, a different word, "hail" is used in greeting someone and can mean, "hello" or "greetings to you."

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

hail, hails, hailstones, hailstorm

hand

Related Ideas:

handbreadth, handful, lay a hand on

Definition:

There are several figurative ways that "hand" is used in the Bible:

Translation Suggestions

(See also: adversary, bless, captive, honor, power)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

by the hand of, fist, from the hand of, hand, handbreadth, handed, handful, handfuls, handing, hands, lay a hand on, lays his hand on

hang

Definition:

The term "hang" means to suspend something or someone above the ground.

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

hang, hanged, hanging, hangings, hangs, hung

hard

Related Ideas:

hardly, hardness, hardship

Definition:

The term "hard" has several different meanings, depending on the context. It usually describes something that is difficult, persistent, or unyielding.

The term "hard" can be used figuratively * A person who has a "hard heart" is stubborn. He continues to disobey God and will not repent. * A person whose heart is hardened has become stubbornly disobedient.

Translation Suggestions

(See also: disobey, evil, heart, labor pains, stiff-necked)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

hard, harden, hardened, hardening, hardens, harder, hardest, hardly, hardness, hardship, hardships

harp

elated Ideas:

harpist, lyre

Definition:

A harp is a stringed musical instrument, that usually consists of a large open frame with vertical strings.

(See also: David, fir, psalm, Saul (OT))

Picture of a Harp:

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

harp, harpist, harpists, harps, lyre, lyres

harvest

Related Ideas:

harvester

Definition:

The term "harvest" refers to the gathering in of ripe fruits or vegetables from the plants on which they were growing.

Translation Suggestions:

(See also: firstfruit, festival)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

harvest, harvested, harvester, harvesters, harvesting, harvests

haughty

Related Ideas:

haughtiness

Definition:

The term "haughty" means to be prideful or arrogant. Someone who is "haughty" thinks too highly of himself.

(See also: boast, proud)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

haughtiness, haughty

head

Definition:

In the Bible, the word "head" is used with several figurative meanings.

Translation Suggestions

(See also: grain)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

head, heads

heal

Related Ideas:

cure, healer, health, healthy, make fresh, make well, recover, unhealthy

Definition:

The terms "heal" and "cure" both mean to cause a sick, wounded, or disabled person to be healthy again.

(See also: miracle)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

cure, cured, heal, healed, healer, healers, healing, healings, heals, health, healthy, made ... fresh, made ... well, make ... fresh, recovered, unhealthy

heart

Related Ideas:

kidneys

Definition:

In the Bible, the term "heart" is often used figuratively to refer to a person's thoughts, emotions, desires, or will.

Translation Suggestions

(See also: hard)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

heart, hearts, kidneys

heaven

Related Ideas:

heavenly, in midair, overhead, sky

Definition:

The term that is translated as "heaven" usually refers to where God lives. The same word can also mean "sky," depending on the context.

Translation Suggestions:

(See also: kingdom of God)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

heaven, heavenly, heavens, in midair, overhead, skies, sky

heir

Definition:

An "heir" is a person who legally receives property or money that belonged to a person who has died.

(See also: firstborn, inherit)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

heir, heirs

hell

Related Ideas:

delivered to Tartarus, hell, lake of fire

Definition:

Hell is the final place of unending pain and suffering where God will punish everyone who rebels against him and rejects his plan of saving them through Jesus' sacrifice. It is also referred to as the "lake of fire."

Translation Suggestions:

(See also: heaven, death, Hades, abyss)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

delivered ... to Tartarus, hell, lake of fire

high place

Related Ideas:

Definition:

The term "high places" refers to the altars and shrines that were used for worshiping idols. They were usually built on higher ground, such as on a hill or mountainside.

Translation Suggestions:

(See also: altar, god, worship)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

high place, high places

high priest

Related Ideas:

high priesthood

Definition:

The term "high priest" refers to a special priest who was appointed to serve for one year as the leader of all the other Israelite priests.

Translation Suggestions:

(See also: Annas, Caiaphas, chief priests, priest, temple)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

high priest, high priesthood, high priests

holy

Related Ideas:

holiness, sacred, unholy

Definition:

The terms "holy" and "holiness" refer to the character of God that is totally set apart and separated from everything that is sinful and imperfect.

Literally, the term "unholy" means "not holy." It describes someone or something that does not honor God.

The term "sacred" describes something that relates to worshiping God or to the pagan worship of false gods.

Translation Suggestions:

(See also: Holy Spirit, consecrate, sanctify, set apart)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

holier, holiest, holiness, holy, holy duties, honored as holy, makes ... holy, sacred, sacred gifts, sacred places, unholy

holy city

Definition:

In the Bible, the term "holy city" refers to the city of Jerusalem.

(See also: heaven, holy, Jerusalem)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

holy cities, holy city

holy place

Definition:

In the Bible, the terms "the holy place" and "the most holy place" refer to the two parts of the tabernacle or temple building.

Translation Suggestions:

(See also: altar of incense, ark of the covenant, bread, consecrate, court, curtain, holy, set apart, tabernacle, temple)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

holy place

honey

Related Ideas:

honeycomb

Definition:

"Honey" is the sweet, sticky, edible substance that honeybees make out of flower nectar. Honeycomb is the waxy frame where the bees store honey.

(See also: John (the Baptist), Jonathan, Philistines, Samson)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

honey, honeycomb

honor

Related Ideas:

dignified, esteem, held in honor, highly regarded, honorable, of high standing, places of honor, recognition

Definition:

The terms "honor" and to "honor" refer to giving someone respect, esteem, or reverence.

Translation Suggestions:

(See also: dishonor, glory, glory, praise)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

dignified, esteem, held in honor, highly regarded, honor, honorable, honored, honoring, honors, of high standing, places of honor, recognition

hoof

Related Ideas:

tracks

Definitions:

These terms refer to the hard material covering the bottom of the feet of certain animals such as camels, cattle, deer, horses, donkeys, pigs, oxen, sheep, and goats.

(See also: camel, cow, donkey, goat, pig, sheep)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

hoof, hoofs, hooves, tracks

hope

Definition:

Hope is strongly desiring something to happen. Hope can imply either certainty or uncertainty regarding a future event.

Translation Suggestions:

(See also: bless, confidence, good, obey, trust, word of God)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

hope, hoped, hopes, look to ... in hope, uselessly hope

horn

Related Ideas:

ram's horn

Definitions:

Horns are permanent, hard, pointed growths on the heads of many types of animals, including cattle, sheep, goats, and deer.

(See also: authority, cow, deer, goat, power royal, sheep, trumpet)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

horn, horned, horns, ram's horn, rams' horns

horror

Related Ideas:

bristle, horrible, horribly, horrified, horrifying thing, object of horror, shock

Definition:

The term "horror" refers to a very intense feeling of fear or terror. The person who is feeling horror is said to be "horrified."

(See also: fear, terror)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

bristle, bristled, horrible, horribly, horrified, horrifying, horrifying thing, horror, horrors, object of horror, objects of horror, shocked, source of horror

horse

Related Ideas:

horseback, warhorse

Definition:

A horse is a large, four-legged animal that in Bible times was mostly used for doing farm work and for transporting people.

(See also: chariot, , donkey, Solomon)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

horse, horseback, horses, horses', strong horses, warhorse, warhorses

horseman

Definition:

In Bible times, the term "horsemen" referred to men who rode horses into battle.

(See also: chariot, horse)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

horseman, horsemen

hour

Definition:

In addition to being used to refer to when or how long something took place, the term "hour" is also used in several figurative ways:

Translation Suggestions:

(See also: hour (biblical time))

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

appointed time, hour, hours, moment, time, while

hour (biblical time)

Definition:

The term "hour" is often used in the Bible to tell what time of day a certain event took place. It is also used figuratively to mean "moment," "a while" or "time".

Translation Suggestions:

(See also: hour)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

hour, hours

house

Related Ideas:

home, residence

Definition:

The term "house" is often used figuratively in the Bible.

Translation Suggestions

(See also: David, descendant, house of God, household, kingdom of Israel, tabernacle, temple, Yahweh)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

home, homes, house, house's, houses, residence

house of David

Facts:

The expression "house of David" refers to the family or descendants of King David.

(See also: David, descendant, house, Jesus, king)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

house of David

house of God

Related Ideas:

house of Yahweh

Definition:

In the Bible, the phrases "house of God" (God's house) and "house of Yahweh (Yahweh's house) refer to a place where God is worshiped.

Translation Suggestions:

(See also: people of God, tabernacle, temple)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

house of ... God, house of Yahweh

household

Related Ideas:

household members

Definition:

The term "household" refers to all the people who live together in a house, including family members and all their servants.

(See also: house)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

household, household members, households, members of household

humble

Related Ideas:

humbly, humility, lowliness of mind

Definition:

The term "humble" describes a person who does not think of himself as better than others. He is not proud or arrogant. Humility is the quality of being humble.

(See also: proud)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

humble, humbled, humbles, humbling, humbly, humility, lowliness of mind

humiliate

Related Ideas:

abase, humiliation

Definitions:

The term "humiliate" means to cause someone to feel shamed or disgraced. This is usually done publicly. The act of shaming someone is called "humiliation."

(See also: disgrace, humble, shame)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

abase, abased, humiliate, humiliated, humiliation

hypocrite

Related Ideas:

hypocrisy

Definition:

The term "hypocrite" refers to a person who does things to appear righteous, but who secretly is acting in evil ways. The term "hypocrisy" refers to the behavior that deceives people into thinking a person is righteous.

Translation Suggestions:

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

hypocrisy, hypocrite, hypocrites

image

Related Ideas:

carved figure, cast metal figure, statue

Definition:

These terms are all used to refer to idols that have been made for worshiping a false god. In the context of worshiping idols, the term "image" is a shortened form of "carved image."

Translation Suggestions:

(See also: god, God, god, image of God)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

carved figure, carved figures, carved image, carved images, cast metal figure, cast metal figures, cast metal images, castings, figure, figures, image, images, statue

image of God

Definition:

The term "image" refers to something that looks like something else or that is like someone in character or essence. The phrase "image of God" is used in different ways, depending on the context.

Translation Suggestions:

(See also: image, Son of God, Son of God)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

image of God

imitate

Related Ideas:

imitator

Definition:

The terms "imitate" and "imitator" refers to copying someone else by acting exactly like that person does.

Translation Suggestions:

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

imitate, imitator, imitators

in Christ

Related Ideas:

in Christ Jesus, in Jesus, in the Lord, in the Lord Jesus, into Christ

Definition:

The phrase "in Christ" and related terms refer to the state or condition of being in relationship with Jesus Christ through faith in him.

Translation Suggestions:

(See also: Christ, lord, Jesus, believe, faith)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

in Christ, in Christ Jesus, in Jesus, in him, in the Lord, in the Lord Jesus, into Christ

incense

Related Ideas:

censer, sweet aroma

Definition:

The term "incense" refers to a mixture of fragrant spices that is burned to produce smoke that has a pleasant smell.

(See also: altar of incense, burnt offering, frankincense)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

censers, incense, incenses, sweet aroma

inherit

Related Ideas:

heritage, inheritance,legacy

Definition:

The term "inherit" refers to receiving something valuable from a parent or other person because of a special relationship with that person. The "inheritance" is what is received.

Translation Suggestions:

(See also: heir, Canaan, Promised Land)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

heritage, inherit, inheritance, inheritances, inherited, legacy

iniquity

Definition:

The term "iniquity" is a word that is very similar in meaning to the term "sin," but may more specifically refer to conscious acts of wrongdoing or great wickedness.

Translation Suggestions:

(See also: sin, transgress, trespass)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

commits iniquity, guilt of ... iniquity, iniquities, iniquity

innocent

Related Ideas:

guiltless, innocence

Definition:

The term "innocent" means to not be guilty of a crime or other wrongdoing. It can also refer more generally to people who are not involved in evil things.

Translation Suggestions:

(See also: guilt)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

declared innocent, guiltless, innocence, innocent

inquire

Related Ideas:

ask for, consult for guidance, inquiriy, investigate, investigation

Definitions:

The term "inquire" means to ask someone for information. The expression "inquire of" is often used to refer to asking God for wisdom or help.

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

ask for, consult for guidance, inquire, inquired, inquires, inquiries, inquiring, investigate, investigated, investigating, investigation

instruct

Related Ideas:

instruction, instructor

Definitions:

The terms "instruct" and "instruction" refer to giving specific directions about what to do.

(See also: command, decree, teach)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

gave ... instructions, instruct, instructed, instructing, instruction, instructions, instructor, instructors, instructs

integrity

Definition:

The term "integrity" refers to being honest, with strong moral principles and behavior is said to have integrity.

Translation Suggestions

(See also: Daniel, Joseph (OT))

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

integrity

intercede

Related Ideas:

intercession, petition

Definition:

The terms "intercede" and "intercession" refer to making requests to someone on behalf of another person. In the Bible this usually refers to praying for other people.

Translation Suggestions:

(See also: pray)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

intercede, intercedes, interceding, intercession, petition, petitions

interpret

Related Ideas:

interpretation, interpreter, translate

Definitions:

The terms "interpret" and "interpretation" refer to understanding and explaining the meaning of something.

Translation Suggestions:

(See also: Babylon, Daniel, dream, prophet, vision)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

interpret, interpretation, interpretations, interpreted, interpreter, interpreting, interprets, translated

is written

Definition:

The phrase "as it is written" or "what is written" occurs frequently in the New Testament and usually refers to commands or prophecies that were written in the Hebrew scriptures.

(See also: command, law of Moses, prophet, word of God)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

are ... written, had ... been written, has ... been written, have ... been written, is ... written, is it ... written, it is written, it was written, Moses ... wrote, was written, were ... written

jealous

Related Ideas:

jealousy

Definition:

The terms "jealous" and "jealousy" refer to a strong desire to protect the purity of a relationship. They can also refer to a strong desire to keep possession of something or someone.

Translation Suggestions:

(See also: envy)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

jealous, jealousy

joy

Related Ideas:

enjoy, enjoyment, glad, gladness, greet, joyful, joyfulness, jubilant, merry-hearted, rejoice, source of gladness

Definition:

Joy is a feeling of delight or deep satisfaction that comes from God. The related term "joyful" describes a person who feels very glad and is full of deep happiness.

The term "rejoice" means to be full of joy and gladness.

Translation Suggestions:

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

be glad, be merry, enjoy, enjoyed, enjoying, enjoyment, enjoys, glad, gladness, greet, greeted, greeting, greetings, greets, joy, joyful, joyful shouting, joyfully, joyfulness, jubilant, make ... glad, makes ... glad, merry-hearted, rejoice, rejoiced, rejoiced greatly, rejoices, rejoices greatly, rejoicing, shout for joy, shout joyfully, shout of joy, shouts of joy, source of gladness, was merry

judge

Related Ideas:

act of judging, consider, decide, decision, give justice, give judgment, judgment, judgment seat

Definition:

The terms "judge" and "judgment" often refer to making a decision about whether something is morally right or wrong.

Translation Suggestions:

(See also: decree, judge, judgment day, justice, law, law of Moses)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

acts of judgment, consider, considered, considering, decide, decided, decided on, decision, give justice, giving judgment, have decided, insightful decisions, judge, judged, judges, judging, judgment, judgment seat, judgments, renders judgment, will judge

judge

Definition:

A judge is a person who decides what is right or wrong when there are disputes between people, usually in matters that pertain to the law.

(See also: governor, judge, law of Moses)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

judge, judges, the judge, the judges, their judges, you judges

judgment day

Related Ideas:

day of judgment

Definition:

The term"judgment day" refers to a future time when God will judge every person.

Translation Suggestions:

(See also: judge, Jesus, heaven, hell)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

day of judgment, judgment day, that day

justice

Related Ideas:

honest, injustice, just, justification, justify, maintain someone's rights, vindicate, vindication

Definition:

"Just" and "justice" refer to treating people fairly according to God's laws. Human laws that reflect God's standard of right behavior toward others are also just.

The terms "unjust" and "unjustly" refer to treating people in an unfair and often harmful manner.

The terms "justify" and "justification" refer to causing a guilty person to be righteous. Only God can truly justify people.

Translation Suggestions:

(See also: forgive, guilt, judge, righteous)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

desire for justice, dishonest, honest, injustice, injustices, just, justice, justification, justified, justifies, justify, justly, maintain ... rights, unjust, unjustly, vindicate, vindicated, vindication

kin

Related Ideas:

kindred, kinfolk, kinsman, relative

Definition:

The term "kin" refers to a person's blood relatives, considered as a group. The word "kinsman" refers specifically to a male relative.

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

kin, kindred, kinfolk, kinsfolk, kinsman, kinsmen, relative, relatives

kind

Definition:

The terms "kind" and "kinds" refer to groups or classifications of things that are connected by shared characteristics.

Picture showing Kinds:

Translation Suggestions

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

kind, kinds

king

Related Ideas:

kingly, kingship

Definition:

The term "king" refers to a man who is the supreme ruler of a city, state, or country.

(See also: authority, Herod Antipas, kingdom, kingdom of God)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

king, king's, kingly, kings, kingship, made ... king, set up ... king, set up kings

kingdom

Related Ideas:

power to rule

Definition:

A kingdom is a group of people ruled by a king. It also refers to the realm or political regions over which a king or other ruler has control and authority.

Translation Suggestions:

(See also: authority, king, kingdom of God, kingdom of Israel, Judah, Judah, priest)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

kingdom, kingdoms, power to rule, kingship

kingdom of God

Related Ideas:

kingdom of Christ and God, kingdom of heaven

Definition:

The terms "kingdom of God" and "kingdom of heaven" both refer to God's rule and authority over his people and over all creation.

Translation Suggestions:

(See also: God, heaven, king, kingdom, King of the Jews, reign)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

kingdom of Christ and God, kingdom of God, kingdom of heaven

kingdom of Israel

Related Words:

House of Israel

Facts:

What had been the northern part of the nation of Israel became the kingdom of Israel when the twelve tribes of Israel were divided into two kingdoms after Solomon died.

(See also: Assyria, Israel, Judah, Jerusalem, kingdom, Samaria)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

kingdom of Israel, house of Israel

kiss

Definition:

A kiss is an action in which one person puts his lips to another person's lips or face. This term can also be used figuratively.

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

kiss, kissed, kisses, kissing

know

Related Ideas:

knowledge, make known, unknowingly, unknown

Definition:

To "know" means to understand something or to be aware of a fact. The expression "make known" is an expression that means to tell information.

Translation Suggestions

(See also: law of Moses, reveal, understand, wise)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

knew, know, know ... beforehand, knowing, knowledge, known, knows, made ... known, made known, make ... known, makes known, unknowingly, unknown

labor

Related Ideas:

fellow laborers, forced labor, hard labor, hard-working, laborer, occupation, strive, struggle, toil

Definition:

The term "labor" refers to doing physical work of any kind.

(See also: hard, labor pains)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

fellow laborers, forced labor, hard labor, hard-working, labor, labored, laborer, laborer's, laborers, laboring, labors, occupation, product of ... labor, products of ... labor, strive, strives, striving together, struggle, toil, toiled, toiling, toils

labor pains

Related Ideas:

birth pains, in labor, suffering the pains of childbirth

Definition:

A woman who is "in labor" is experiencing the pains that lead up to the birth of her child. These are called "labor pains" or "birth pains."

(See also: labor, last day)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

birth pains, in labor, labor pains, labors in pain together, pains of childbirth

lamb

Related Ideas:

Lamb of God

Definition:

The term "lamb" refers to a young sheep. Sheep are four-legged animals with thick, woolly hair, used for sacrifices to God. Jesus is called the "Lamb of God" because he was sacrificed to pay for people's sins.

Translation Suggestions:

(See also: sheep, shepherd)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Lamb, Lamb of God, lamb, lambs

lament

Related Ideas:

dirge, lamentation

Definition:

The terms "lament" and "lamentation" refer to a strong expression of mourning, sorrow, or grief.

Translation Suggestions:

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

dirge, lament, lamentation, lamentations, lamented, lamenting, laments, sing dirges

lamp

Related Ideas:

torch

Definition:

The term "lamp" generally refers to something that produces light. The lamps used in Bible times were usually oil lamps.

(See also: lampstand, life, light)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

lamp, lamps, torch, torches

lampstand

Definition:

In the Bible, the term "lampstand" generally refers to a structure on which a lamp is placed in order to provide light to a room.

Translation Suggestions

(See also: bronze, gold, lamp, light, silver, temple)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

lampstand, lampstands

last day

Related Ideas:

last times, latter days

Definition:

The term "last days" or "latter days" refers generally to the time period at the end of the current age.

Translation Suggestions:

(See also: day of the Lord, judge, turn, world)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

last day, last days, last times, latter days

law

Related Ideas:

lawbreaker, lawgiver, lawyer, principle

Definition:

A "law" is a legal rule that is usually written down and enforced by someone in authority. A "principle" is a guideline for decision-making and behavior.

(See also: law of Moses)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

law, lawbreaker, lawbreakers, lawgiver, laws, lawyer, principle, principled, principles

law of Moses

Related Ideas:

God's law, book of Moses, book of the law, expert in the law, law of God, law of Yahweh, law of the Lord, the law

Definition:

All these terms refer to the commandments and instructions that God gave Moses for the Israelites to obey. The terms "law" and "God's law" are also used more generally to refer to everything God wants his people to obey.

Translation Suggestions:

(See also: instruct, Moses, Ten Commandments, lawful, Yahweh)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

God's law, book of Moses, book of the law, expert in the law, law of Moses, law of Yahweh, law of the Lord, the law, the law of God, your law

lawful

Related Ideas:

lawfully, lawless, lawlessness, permitted, unlawful

Definition:

The term "lawful" refers to something that is permitted to be done according to a law or other requirement. The opposite of this is "unlawful," which simply means "not lawful."

The terms "unlawful" and "not lawful" are used to describe actions that break a law.

The term "lawless" describes a person who does not obey laws or rules. When a country or group of people are in a state of "lawlessness," there is widespread disobedience, rebellion, or immorality.

Translation Suggestions:

(See also: law, law of Moses, Moses, Sabbath)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

lawful, lawfully, lawless, lawlessness, not lawful, permitted, unlawful

learned men

Definition:

"Learned men" or "educated men" were men who were taught by a teacher and knew a lot about one or many topics.

(See also: Babylon, Bethlehem, Daniel)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

learned men

leopard

Definitions:

A leopard is a large, cat-like, wild animal that is brown with black spots.

(See also: beast, Daniel, prey, vision)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

leopard, leopards

leper

Related Ideas:

leprosy, leprous

Definition:

The term "leprosy" is used in the Bible to refer to several different skin diseases. A "leper" is a person who has leprosy. The term "leprous" describes a person or body part that is infected with leprosy.

Translation Suggestions:

(See also: Miriam, Naaman, clean)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

leper, lepers, leprosy, leprous

letter

Related Ideas:

epistle

Definition:

A letter is a written message sent to a person or group of persons who are usually a distance away from the writer. An epistle is a special type of letter, often written in a more formal style, for a special purpose, such as teaching.

(See also: courage, exhort, teach)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

epistle, letter, letters

life

Related Ideas:

alive, come to life, conduct, exist, fresh, life-giving, lifetime, live, revive, survive, survivor

Definition:

All these terms refer to being physically alive, not dead. They are also used figuratively to refer to being alive spiritually. The following discusses what is meant by "physical life" and "spiritual life."

1. Physical life

2. Spiritual life

Translation Suggestions:

(See also: death, eternity)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

alive, come to life, conduct, conducted, existed, fresh, keep ... alive, life, life-giving, lifeless, lifetime, live, lived, lives, living, revive, revived, survive, survived, survivor, survivors

light

Related Ideas:

bright, brightness, enlighten, shine

Definition:

There are several figurative uses of the term "light" in the Bible. It is often used as a metaphor for righteousness, holiness, and truth.

Translation Suggestions:

(See also: darkness, holy, righteous, true)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

bright, brightness, enlighten, enlightened, light, lighting, lights, shining

like

Related Ideas:

according to, alike, as, as if, compare, in the same way, just as, liken, likeness, likewise, resemble, similar, similarly, unlike

Definition:

The terms "like" and "likeness" refer to something being the same as, or similar to, something else.

Translation Suggestions

(See also: beast, flesh, image of God, image, perish)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

according to, alike, as, as if, be ... like, become ... like, compare, in the same way, is ... like, just as, like, liken, likeness, likenesses, likewise, resemble, resembled, similar to, similarly, the same, the same way, unlike

lion

Related Ideas:

lioness

Definition:

A lion is a large, cat-like, that has animal, with powerful teeth and claws for killing and tearing apart its prey.

(See also: David, leopard, Samson, sheep)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

lion, lion's, lioness, lionesses, lions, lions'

livestock

Definitions:

The term "livestock" refers to animals which are raised to provide food and other useful products. Some types of livestock are also trained as work animals.

(See also: cow, donkey, goat, horse, sheep)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

livestock

locust

Related Ideas:

grasshopper, locust swarms

Definitions:

The term "locust" refers to a type of large, flying grasshopper that sometimes flies with many others of its kind in a very destructive swarm that eats all vegetation.

(See also: captive, Egypt, Israel, John (the Baptist), plague)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

grasshoppers, locust, locust swarms, locusts

loins

Related Ideass:

side, thigh, waist

Definition:

The term "loins" refers to the part of the body of an animal or person that is between the lower ribs and the hip bones, also known as the lower abdomen.

(See also: descendant, gird, offspring)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

loins, hips, side, thigh, thighs, waist

lord

Related Ideas:

landowner, Lord, master, master of the house, mistress, owner, owner of a house, sir

Definition:

The term "lord" refers to someone who has ownership or authority over other people.

When "Lord" is capitalized, it is a title that refers to God. (Note, however, that when it is used as a form of addressing someone or it occurs at the beginning of a sentence it may be capitalized and have the meaning of "sir" or "master.")

Translation Suggestions:

Translating "lord": * * The term "lord" can be translated with the equivalent of "master" when it refers to a person who owns slaves. It can also be used by a servant to address the person he works for. * When it refers to Jesus, if the context shows that the speaker sees him as a religious teacher, it can be translated with a respectful address for a religious teacher, such as "master." * If the person addressing Jesus does not know him, "lord" could be translated with a respectful form of address such as "sir." This translation would also be used for other contexts in which a polite form of address to a man is called for.

Translating "Lord": * When referring to God the Father or to Jesus, this term is considered a title, written as "Lord" (capitalized) in English. * In the appropriate contexts, many translations capitalize the first letter of this term to make it clear to the reader that this is a title referring to God. * When "Lord" refers to Jesus Christ (the Son of God), it should be translated with the same word that is used for "Lord" when it refers to God the Father. Or if it is translated with different words, both words should express the same degree of honor. * Some languages translate "Lord" as "Master" or "Ruler" or some other term that communicates ownership or supreme rule. * For places in the New Testament where there is a quote from the Old Testament, the term "Lord God" could be used to make it clear that this is a reference to God.

(See also: God, Jesus, ruler, Yahweh)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Lord, Lord's, landowner, lord, lord's, lords, master, master of the house, master's, masters, mistress, owner, owner of a house, sir, sirs

lots

Related Ideas:

allotted, allotted portion, cast lots, chosen by lot, divide up by lot

Definition:

A "lot" is a marked object that is chosen from among other similar objects as a way of deciding something. "Casting lots" referred to tossing marked objects onto the ground or other surface.

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

allotted, allotted portion, cast lots, chosen by lot, divide up ... by lot, lot, lots

love

Related Ideas:

brotherly love

Definition:

To love another person is to care for that person and do things that will benefit him. There are different meanings for "love" some languages may express using different words:

  1. The kind of love that comes from God is focused on having good things happen to others even when those good things do not happen to the one who loves. This kind of love cares for others, no matter what they do. God himself is love and is the source of true love.

  2. Jesus showed this kind of love by sacrificing his life in order to rescue us from sin and death. He also taught his followers to love others sacrificially.

  3. When people love others with this kind of love, they act in ways that show they are thinking of what will cause the others to thrive. This kind of love especially includes forgiving others.
  4. In the ULB, the word "love" refers to this kind of sacrificial love, unless a Translation Note indicates a different meaning.

  5. Another word in the New Testament refers to brotherly love, or love for a friend or family member.

  6. This term refers to natural human love between friends or relatives.

  7. The term can also be used in such contexts as, "They love to sit in the most important seats at a banquet." This means that they "like very much" or "greatly desire" to do that.

  8. The word "love" can also refer to romantic love between a man and a woman.

  9. In the figurative expression "Jacob I have loved, but Esau I have hated," the term "loved" refers to God's choosing of Jacob to be in a covenant relationship with him. This could also be translated as "chosen." Although Esau was also blessed by God, he wasn't given the privilege of being in the covenant. The term "hated" is used figuratively here to mean "rejected" or "not chosen."

Translation Suggestions:

(See also: covenant, death, sacrifice, save, sin)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

brotherly love, love, loved, loves, loving

lover

Definition:

The term "lover" literally means "person who loves."

(See also: adultery, god, god, love)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

lover, lovers

lowly

Related Ideas:

bring down, low condition, low position, lowliest, lowliness

Definition:

The terms "lowly" and "lowliness" refer to being poor or having low status. Being lowly can also have the meaning of being humble.

(See also: humble, proud)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

bring ... down, bring ... low, brings ... down, brings ... low, brought low, low condition, low position, low positions, lowliest, lowliness, lowly, of low condition

lust

Related Ideas:

crave, desire, lustful, lusting, passion, sensual, sensuality

Definition:

Lust is a very strong desire, usually for something sinful or immoral. To lust is to have lust.

(See also: adultery, god)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

crave, craves, desirable, desire, desired, desires, lust, lusted, lustful, lusting, lusts, passion, sensual, sensuality

lute

Definition:

A lute is a small, stringed, musical instrument that the Israelites used when they worshiped God.

(See also: harp)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

lute, lutes

magic

Related Ideas:

magical, magician, spiritist, those who talk with spirits

Definition:

The term "magic" refers to the practice of using supernatural power that does not come from God. A "magician" is someone who practices magic.

(See also: divination, Egypt, Pharaoh, power, sorcery)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

magic, magical, magician, magicians, spiritist, spiritists, those who talked with spirits, who talk with spirits, who talks with spirits

magistrate

Definition:

A magistrate is an appointed official who acts as a judge and decides matters of law.

(See also: judge, law of Moses)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

magistrate, magistrates

majesty

Related Ideas:

great, greatness, magnificent, majestic

Definition:

The term "majesty" refers to greatness and splendor, often in relation to the qualities of a king.

Translation Suggestions:

(See also: king)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

great, greater, greatest, greatness, magnificent, majestic, majesty

man of God

Facts:

The expression "man of God" is a respectful way of referring to a prophet of Yahweh. It is also used to refer to an angel of Yahweh.

(See also: angel, honor, prophet)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

man of God

manager

Related Ideas:

engage, manage, management, steward, stewardship

Definition:

The term "manager" or "steward" in the Bible refers to a servant who was entrusted with taking care of his master's property and business dealings.

Translation Suggestions:

(See also: servant)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

engage, manage, management, manager, managers, steward, stewards, stewardship

manna

Definition:

Manna was a white, grain-like food that God provided for the Israelites to eat during the 40 years of living in the wilderness after they left Egypt.

Translation Suggestions

(See also: bread, desert, grain, heaven, Sabbath)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

manna

mediator

Related Ideas:

intermediary, mediate

Definition:

A mediator is a person who helps two or more people to resolve their disagreements or conflicts with each other. He helps them to become reconciled.

Translation Suggestions:

(See also: priest, reconcile)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

intermediary, mediated, mediator

meditate

Related Ideas:

meditation

Definition:

"The term meditate" means to spend time thinking about something carefully and deeply.

Translation Suggestions:

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

meditate, meditates, meditation, meditations

meek

Related Ideas:

gentle, gentleness, meekness

Definition:

The term "meek" describes a person who is gentle, submissive, and willing to suffer injustice. Meekness is the ability to be gentle even when harshness or force might seem appropriate.

(See also: humble)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

gentle, gentleness, meek, meekness

melt

Related Ideas:

molten

Definitions:

The term "melt" refers to something becoming liquid when it is heated. Something that is melted is described as being "molten."

The term "melt" can also be used in figurative ways.

Translation Suggestions

(See also: heart, god, image, seal)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

melt, melted, melting, melts, molten

member

Definition:

The term "member" refers to one part of a complex body or group.

(See also: body, Pharisee, council)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

member, members

memorial offering

Related Ideas:

memorial

Definition:

The term "memorial" refers to an action or object that causes someone or something to be remembered.

Translation Suggestions:

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

memorial, memorial offering

mercy

Related Ideas:

kindness, merciful, spare

Definition:

The terms "mercy" and "merciful" refer to helping people who are in need, especially when they are in a lowly or humbled condition.

Translation Suggestions:

(See also: compassion, forgive)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

kindness, mercies, merciful, mercy, spare, spared, spares, tender mercy

messenger

Related Ideas:

courier, herald

Definitions:

The term "messenger" refers to someone who is given a message to tell others.

(See also: angel, apostle, John (the Baptist))

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

couriers, herald, messenger, messengers

mighty

Related Ideas:

Mighty One, mightily, mighty host, mighty men, mighty work

Definition:

The terms "mighty" and "might" refer to having great strength or power.

Translation Suggestions:

(See also: Almighty, miracle, power, strength)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

Mighty One, might, mightier, mightily, mighty, mighty host, mighty men, mighty one, mighty ones, mighty work, mighty works

mind

Related Ideas:

expect, intention, likeminded, mindful, sober, think

Definition:

The term "mind" refers to the part of a person that thinks and makes decisions.

Translation Suggestions

(See also: believe, heart, soul)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

expect, expected, intention, likeminded, mind, minded, mindful, minds, sober, think, think carefully about, thinks, thought, thoughts

minister

Related Ideas:

attend to someone's needs, care for, mission, offer as a priest, perform the service, provide for others' needs, tend

Definition:

In the Bible, the term "ministry" refers to serving others by teaching them about God and caring for their spiritual needs.

Translation Suggestions:

(See also: servant, sacrifice)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

attend to ... needs, attending to ... needs, care for, carrying out, minister, ministers, ministries, ministry, mission, offer as a priest, perform ... service, performed ... service, provided for ... needs, tending, to minister

miracle

Related Ideas:

miraculous

Definition:

A "miracle" is something amazing that is not possible unless God causes it to happen.

Translation Suggestions:

(See also: power, prophet, apostle, sign)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

miracle, miracles, miraculous

mock

Related Ideas:

defy, laughingstock, mocker, mockery, ridicule, scoff at, taunt

Definition:

The terms "mock," ridicule," "scoff at," and "taunt" all refer to making fun of someone, especially in a cruel way.

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

defied, defy, laugh in mockery, laughingstock, mock, mocked, mocker, mockers, mockery, mocking, mocks, ridicule, ridiculed, scoff at, scoffed at, scoffing, taunted, taunting song, taunts

mold

Related Ideas:

cast, molder

Definition:

A mold is a hollowed-out piece of wood, metal, or clay that is used to form objects out of gold, silver, or other materials that can be softened and then shaped by the mold. To mold something means to form an object into a certain shape or likeness by using a mold or the hands to form a certain shape.

Translation Suggestions

(See also: god, gold, god, silver)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

mold, molded, molder, molding, molds

month

Related Ideas:

monthly

Definition:

The term "month" refers to a period of time lasting about four weeks. The number of days in each month varies depending on whether a lunar or solar calendar is used.

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

month, monthly, months

mourn

Related Ideas:

funeral song, grief, grieve, howl, mourner, mournful, sorrow, sorrowful, tears, wail, weep, with tears

Definitions:

The terms "mourn" and "mourning" refer to expressing deep grief, usually in response to the death of someone.

(See also: sackcloth, sin)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

bitter, cause ... grief, funeral song, grief, grieve, grieved, grieving, howl, howls, mourn, mourned, mourner, mourners, mourners', mournful, mournfully, mourning, mourns, sorrow, sorrowful, sorrows, tears, wail, wailing, wailings, wails, weep, weeping, weeps bitterly, wept, with tears

multiply

Related Ideas:

abound, abundance, abundant, even more, exceeding, grow in number, increase, make to grow, multiplication, multitudes, numerous

Definition:

The term "multiply" means to greatly increase in number. It can also mean to cause something to increase in amount, such as causing pain to multiply.

Translation Suggestions:

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

abound, abounding, abundance, abundant, even more, exceeding, exceedingly, exceeds, grew ... numbers, grow ... numbers, increase, increased, increases, increasing, make ... grow, make ... many, makes ... grow, many, multiplication, multiplied, multiplies, multiply, multiplying, multitudes, numerous

myrrh

Definition:

Myrrh is an oil or spice that is made from the resin of a myrrh tree that grows in Africa and Asia. It is related to frankincense.

(See also: frankincense, learned men)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

myrrh

mystery

Related Ideas:

hidden meaning, hidden truth, secrets

Definition:

In the Bible, the term "mystery" refers to something unknown or difficult to understand that God is now explaining.

(See also: Christ, Gentile, good news, Jew, true)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

hidden meaning, hidden truth, hidden truths, mysteries, mystery, secrets

name

Related Ideas:

fame, nameless, notorious, reputation

Definition:

In the Bible, the word "name" was used in several figurative ways.

Translation Suggestions:

(See also: call)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

fame, name, name's, named, nameless, names, notorious, reputation

nation

Definition:

A nation is a large group of people ruled by some form of government. The people of a nation often have the same ancestors and share a common ethnicity.

Translation Suggestions:

(See also: Assyria, Babylon, Canaan, Gentile, Greek, people group, Philistines, Rome)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

nation, nations

neighbor

Related Ideas:

neighborhood, neighboring

Definition:

The term "neighbor" usually refers to a person who lives nearby. It can also refer more generally to someone who lives in the same community or people group.

(See also: adversary, parable, people group, Samaria)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

neighbor, neighborhood, neighboring, neighbors

new moon

Definition:

The term "new moon" refers to the moon when it looks like a small, crescent-shaped sliver of light. This is the beginning phase of the moon as it moves in its orbit around the planet Earth at sunset. It also refers to the first day a new moon should be visible after the moon has been dark for a few days.

(See also: month, earth, festival, horn, sheep)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

new moon, new moons

noble

Related Ideas:

nobility, nobleman

Definition:

The term "noble" describes someone or something that is excellent or of high quality.

Translation Suggestion

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

nobility, noble, nobleman, noblemen, nobles

oak

Related Ideas:

terebinth

Definition:

An oak, or oak tree, is a tall shade tree with a large trunk and wide spreading branches.

Translation Suggestions:

(See also: holy)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

oak, oaks, terebinths

oath

Related Ideas:

swear, swear by

Definition:

In the Bible, an oath is a formal promise to do something. The person making the oath is required to fulfill that promise. A person who swears an oath commits himself to being faithful and truthful, and by doing so he is saying that God has the right to punish him if he breaks the oath.

Translation Suggestions:

(See also: Abimelek, covenant, vow)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

oath, oath-taking, oaths, swear, swear by, swearing, swears, swears by, swore, swore an oath, sworn

obey

Related Ideas:

follow, give ear, hear, hold securely, hold to, keep, listen, obedience, obedient

Definition:

The term "obey" means to do what is required or commanded. The term "obedient" describes someone who obeys. "Obedience" is the characteristic that an obedient person has.

Translation Suggestions:

(See also: citizen, command, disobey, kingdom, law)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

following, give ... ear, hear, heard, hold ... securely, hold to, keep, keeps, kept, listen, listened, listened to, obedience, obedient, obediently, obey, obeyed, obeying, obeys

official

Related Ideas:

officer

Definition:

The terms "official" and "officer" refer to people who hold positions within a government or organization. Leaders within the government or organization give the official or officer certain authority and duties to perform as long as he remains in the position.

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

officer, officers, official, officials

offspring

Definition:

The term "offspring" is a general reference to the biological descendants of people or animals.

(See also: descendant, seed)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

offspring

oil

Related Ideas:

ointment

Definition:

Oil is a thick, clear liquid that can be taken from certain plants. In Bible times, oil usually came from olives.

(See also: olive, sacrifice)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

oil, oils, ointment, ointments

olive

Definition:

The olive is the small, oval fruit from an olive tree, which is mostly grown in the regions surrounding the Mediterranean Sea.

(See also: lamp, the sea, Mount of Olives)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

olive, olives

on high

Related Ideas:

in the highest

Definition:

The terms "on high" and "in the highest" are expressions that usually mean "in heaven."

(See also: heaven, honor)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

in the highest, on high

oppress

Related Ideas:

oppression, oppressive, oppressor, ruthless

Definition:

The terms "oppress" and "oppression" refer to treating people harshly. An "oppressor" is a person who oppresses people.

Translation Suggestions:

(See also: bind, enslave, persecute)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

oppress, oppressed, oppresses, oppressing, oppression, oppressive, oppressor, oppressors, ruthless

ordain

Related Ideas:

ordination

Definition:

To ordain means to formally appoint a person for a special task or role. It also means to formally make a rule or decree.

(See also: command, covenant, decree, law, law of Moses, priest)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

ordain, ordained, ordination

ordinance

Definition:

An ordinance is a public regulation or law that gives rules or instructions for people to follow. This term is related to the term "ordain."

(See also: command, decree, law of Moses, ordain, statute)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

ordinance, ordinances

overseer

Related Ideas:

overseer, supervise, supervisor, visitation

Definition:

The term "overseer" refers to a person who is in charge of the work and welfare of other people.

Translation Suggestions

(See also: church, elder, pastor, shepherd)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

oversee, overseeing, overseen, overseer, overseers, oversees, supervise, supervised, supervisor, supervisors, visitation

overtake

Definition:

The terms "overtake" and "overtook" refer to gaining control over someone or something. It usually includes the idea of catching up to something after pursuing it.

Translation Suggestions:

(See also: bless, curse, prey, punish)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

overtake, overtaken, overtakes, overtook

pagan

Definition:

In Bible times, the term "pagan" was used to describe people who worshiped false gods instead of Yahweh.

(See also: altar, god, sacrifice, worship, Yahweh)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

pagan, pagans

palace

Definition:

The term "palace" refers to the building or house where a king lived, along with his family members and servants.

(See also: court, high priest, king)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

palace, palaces

palm

Related Ideas:

palm branch

Definition:

The term "palm" refers to a type of tall tree with long, flexible, leafy branches extending from the top in a fan-like pattern.

(See also: donkey, Jerusalem, peace)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

palm, palm branch, palms

parable

Related Ideas:

hard question, lesson, riddle

Definition:

The term "parable" usually refers to a short story or object lesson that is used to explain or teach a moral truth. It can also refer to a saying that is difficult to understand and about which the hearer will have to think carefully before he can understand what the speaker is teaching.

Translation Suggestions

(See also: Samaria)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

hard questions, lesson, parable, parables, riddle, riddles

partial

Related Ideas:

partiality

Definition:

The terms "be partial" and "show partiality" refer to making a choice to treat certain people as more important than other people.

(See also: favor)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

be partial, partial, partiality, show partiality

pastor

Definition:

The term "pastor" is literally the same word as "shepherd." It is used as a title for someone who is the spiritual leader for a group of believers.

Translation Suggestions:

(See also: shepherd, sheep)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

pastor, pastors

patient

Related Ideas:

impatient, patience

Definition:

The terms "patient" and "patience" refer to persevering through difficult circumstances. Often patience involves waiting.

(See also: endure, forgive, persevere)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

impatient, patience, patient, patiently

patriarch

Definition:

The term "patriarch" in the Bible refers to someone who was a founding ancestor of the Jewish people, particularly Abraham, Isaac, or Jacob.

(See also: father)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

patriarch, patriarchs

peace

Related Ideas:

peaceable, peaceful, peacemaker, quiet

Definition:

The term "peace" refers to a state of being or a feeling of having no conflict, anxiety, or fearfulness. A person who is "peaceful" feels calm and assured of being safe and secure.

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

peace, peaceable, peaceably, peaceful, peacefully, peacemakers, quiet, quiets

peace offering

Definitions:

A "peace offering" was one of several sacrificial offerings that God commanded the Israelites to make. It is sometimes called the "thanksgiving offering" or "fellowship offering."

(See also: burnt offering, fellowship, fellowship offering, grain offering, priest, sacrifice, unleavened bread)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

peace offering, peace offerings

people group

Related Ideas:

people

Definition:

The term "peoples" or "people groups" refers to groups of people who share a common language and culture. The phrase "the people" often refers to a gathering of people in a certain place or at a specific event.

Translation Suggestions:

(See also: descendant, nation, tribe, world)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

people, people group, people groups, people's, peoples

people of God

Related Ideas:

God's people, people for God's possession

Definition:

The term "people of God" refers to people whom God has called out from the world to have a special relationship with him.

Translation Suggestions:

(See also: Israel, people group)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

God's people, my people, people for God's possession, people of God

perfect

Related Ideas:

perfecter, perfection, perfectly

Definition:

The term "perfect" describes something that has no flaw. To "perfect" something means to work at it until it is excellent and without flaws.

Translation Suggestions:

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

perfect, perfected, perfecter, perfection, perfectly

perish

Related Ideas:

imperishable, perishable

Definition:

The term "perish" means to die or be destroyed, usually as the result of violence or other disaster.

Translation Suggestions:

(See also: death, eternity)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

imperishable, perish, perishable, perished, perishes, perishing

persecute

Related Ideas:

persecution, persecutor

Definition:

The terms "persecute" and "persecution" refer to continually treating a person or a certain group of people in a harsh way that causes harm to them.

Translation Suggestions:

(See also: Christian, church, oppress, Rome)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

persecute, persecuted, persecuting, persecution, persecutions, persecutor, persecutors

persevere

Related Ideas:

perseverance

Definition:

The terms "persevere" and "perseverance" refer to continuing to do something even though it may be very difficult or take a long time.

(See also: patient, trial)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

perseverance, persevere

perverse

Related Ideas:

crooked, perversion, perversity, pervert, twisted

Definition:

The terms "perverse," "crooked," and "twisted" are used to describe a person or action that is morally bad. The term "perversely" means "in a perverse manner." To "pervert" something means to twist it or turn it away from what is right or good. "Perversity" is perverse thoughts, words, and actions.

Translation Suggestions:

(See also: corrupt, deceive, disobey, evil, turn)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

crooked, crooked ways, perverse, perverse words, perversely, perversion, perversions, perversities, perversity, pervert, perverted, perverting, perverts, twisted

pierce

Related Ideas:

gore, thrust through

Definition:

The term "pierce" means to stab something or to make a hole with a sharp, pointed object. It is also used figuratively to refer to causing someone deep emotional pain.

(See also: cross, Jesus, servant, Simeon)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

gore, gored, holes, pierce, pierced, pierces, piercing, thrust ... through

pig

Related Ideas:

boar, pork, swine

Definition:

A pig is a type of four-legged, hoofed animal that is raised for meat. Its meat is called "pork." The general term for pigs and related animals is "swine."

(See also: clean)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

boar, boars, pig, pigs, pork, swine, swine's

pillar

Related Ideas:

column

Definition:

The term "pillar" usually refers to a large vertical structure that is used to hold up a roof or other part of a building. Another word for "pillar" is "column."

Translation Suggestions:

(See also: found, god, image)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

column, columns, pillar, pillars

pit

Related Ideas:

pitfall, quarry

Definition:

A "pit" is a deep hole that has been dug in the ground. A "pitfall" is a trap made of a pit that is hidden with a cover. A "quarry" is a pit from which people take valuable stones.

(See also: abyss, hell, prison)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

pit, pitfall, pits, quarry

plague

Definition:

Plagues are events which cause suffering or death to a large number of people. Often a plague is a disease that spreads quickly and causes many people to die before it can be stopped.

(See also: hail, Israel, Moses, Pharaoh)

Picture of a Plague of skin:

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

plague, plagues

plead

Related Ideas:

appeal, ask earnestly, humble request, plea

Definitions:

The terms "plead" and "pleading" refer to urgently asking someone to do something. A "plea" is an urgent request.

Translation Suggestions:

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

appeal, asked ... earnestly, cause, earnest appeal, earnest appeals, earnestly appeal, earnestly appealed, humble request, humble requests, legal plea, moved by ... plea, plea, plea for favor, plead, plead ... cause, pleaded, pleading, pleadings, pleads, pleas

pledge

Related Ideas:

betroth, guarantee, promise

Definition:

The term "pledge" refers to formally and solemnly promising to do something or give something.

Translation Suggestions:

(See also: promise, oath, vow)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

becomes responsible, betroth, betrothed, guarantee, pledge, pledged, pledges, promise to be ... husband

plow

Related Ideas:

farmer, plowman, plowshare, unplowed

Definition:

A "plow" is a farm tool that is used for breaking up soil to prepare a field for planting.

Translation Suggestions:

(See also: bronze, cow)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

farmers, plow, plowed, plowers, plowing, plowman, plowmen, plows, plowshares, unplowed

pomegranate

Definitions:

A pomegranate is a kind of fruit that has a thick, tough skin filled with many seeds that are covered with edible red pulp.

(See also: bronze, Canaan, Egypt, Solomon, temple)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

pomegranate, pomegranates

possess

Related Ideas:

belongings, dispossess, possession, property

Definitions:

The terms "possess" and "possession" usually refer to owning something. They can also mean to gain control over something or occupy an area of land.

Translation Suggestions:

(See also: Canaan, worship)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

belongings, dispossess, possess, possessed, possesses, possessing, possession, possessions, property, took possession, valuable possessions

power

Related Ideas:

ability, able, mastered, can, capable, could, impossible, incapable, powerful, won, unable

Definition:

The term "power" refers to the ability to do things or make things happen, often using great strength. "Powers" refers to people or spirits who have great ability to cause things to happen.

Translation Suggestions:

(See also: Holy Spirit, Jesus, miracle)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

ability, able, am ... able, are ... able, are ... possible, be ... unable, be able, be mastered, can, cannot, capable, could, could not, impossible, incapable, is ... able, may ... be able, miraculous powers, possible, power, powerful, powerfully, powers, was ... able, were ... able, will ... be able, won

praise

Related Ideas:

praiseworthy

Definition:

To praise someone is to express admiration and honor for that person. Something that is praiseworthy is good and deserves to be praised.

Translation Suggestions:

(See also: worship)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

praise, praised, praises, praiseworthy, praising, sing praise, sing praises

pray

Related Ideas:

prayer

Definition:

The terms "pray" and "prayer" refer to talking with God. These terms are used to refer to people trying to talk to a false god.

(See also: god, forgive, praise)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

heard ... prayer, pray, prayed, prayer, prayers, praying, prays, urgently pray

preach

Related Ideas:

preacher

Definition:

To "preach" means to speak to a group of people, teaching them about God and urging them to obey him.

(See also: good news, Jesus, kingdom of God)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

preach, preached, preacher, preaching

precious

Related Ideas:

costly, expensive, valuable

Definitions:

The term "precious" describes people or things that are considered to be very valuable.

Translation Suggestions:

(See also: gold, silver)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

costly, expensive, precious, precious things, precious treasures, valuable, valuables

predestine

Related Ideas:

decide in advance

Definition:

The terms "predestine" and "predestined" refer to deciding or planning beforehand that something will happen.

Translation Suggestions:

(See also: foreknow)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

decided in advance, predestine, predestined

prey

Related Ideas:

birds of prey, prey on

Definition:

The term "prey" refers to something that is hunted, usually an animal that is used for food.

The terms "prey" and "prey on" can be used figuratively.

Picture of predator and Prey:

Translation Suggestions

(See also: oppress)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

birds of prey, prey, prey on

priest

Related Ideas:

priesthood, priestly office

Definition:

In the Bible, a priest was someone who was chosen to offer sacrifices to God on behalf of God's people. The "priesthood" was the name for the office or condition of being a priest.

Translation Suggestions:

(See also: Aaron, chief priests, high priest, mediator, sacrifice)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

priest, priest's, priesthood, priestly, priestly office, priests, priests', served as a priest

prince

Related Ideas:

princess

Definition:

A "prince" is the son of a king. A "princess" is a daughter of a king.

Translation Suggestions:

(See also: angel, authority, Christ, demon, lord, power, ruler, Satan, Savior, spirit)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

prince, princes, princess, princesses

prison

Related Ideas:

custody, dungeon, imprison, imprisonment, prisoner

Definition:

The term "prison" refers to a place where criminals are kept as a punishment for their crimes. A "prisoner" is someone who has been put in the prison.

Translation Suggestions:

(See also: captive)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

custody, dungeon, held ... in custody, hold ... in custody, holding ... in custody, imprison, imprisoned, imprisonment, imprisonments, imprisons, prison, prisoner, prisoners, prisons

profane

Definition:

To profane something means to act in a way that defiles, pollutes, or disrespects something that is holy.

(See also: defile, holy, clean)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

profane, profaned, profaning

profit

Related Ideas:

profitable, unprofitable

Definition:

In general, the terms "profit" and "profitable" refer to gaining something good through doing certain actions or behaviors.

Something is "profitable" to someone if it brings them good things or if it helps them bring about good things for other people.

The term "unprofitable" means to not be useful.

To "take advantage of" someone is to make extra profit from him because he is weak and unable to demand greater return.

(See also: worthy)

Translation Suggestions:

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

profit, profitable, profits, treated ... violently for profit, unprofitable

promise

Related Ideas:

binding promise

Definition:

A promise is a pledge to do a certain thing. When someone promises something, it means he is committing to do something.

Translation Suggestions:

(See also: covenant, oath, vow)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

makes binding promises, promise, promised, promises

prophet

Related Ideas:

prophecy, prophesy, prophetic, seer

Definition:

A "prophet" is a man who speaks God's messages to people. A woman who does this is called a "prophetess."

Translation Suggestions:

(See also: Baal, divination, god, false prophet, fulfill, law of Moses, vision)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

give ... prophecies, prophecies, prophecy, prophesied, prophesies, prophesy, prophesying, prophet, prophet's, prophetess, prophetic, prophets, seer, seer's, seers, seers'

propitiation

Definition:

The term "propitiation" refers to a sacrifice that is made to satisfy or fulfill the justice of God and to appease his wrath.

Translation Suggestions:

(See also: atonement, eternity, forgive, sacrifice)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

propitiation

prosper

Related Ideas:

prosperity, prosperous

Definition:

The term "prosper" generally refers to living well and can refer to prospering physically or spiritually. When people or countryies are "prosperous," it means they are wealthy and have all that they need to be successful. They are experiencing "prosperity."

Translation Suggestions:

(See also: bless, fruit, spirit)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

caused ... to prosper, prosper, prospered, prospering, prosperity, prosperous

prostitute

Related Ideas:

prostitution

Definition:

The terms "prostitute" and "harlot" both refer to a person who performs sexual acts for money or for religious rites. Prostitutes or harlots were usually female, but some were male.

(See also: adultery, god, sexual immorality, god)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

act like a prostitute, acted like a prostitute, acted like prostitutes, prostitute, prostitute's, prostituted, prostitutes, prostitution

prostrate

Definition:

The term "prostrate" means to be lying face down, stretched out on the ground.

(See also: awe, bow)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

prostrate, prostrated

proud

Related Ideas:

pride, prideful

Definition:

The terms "proud" and "prideful" refer to a person thinking too highly of himself, and especially, thinking that he is better than other people.

Translation Suggestions:

(See also: arrogant, humble, joy)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

pride, prideful, proud, proudly, source of pride

proverb

Definition:

A proverb is a short statement that expresses some wisdom or truth.

(See also: Solomon, true, wise)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

proverb, proverbs, speak ... proverb

province

Related Ideas:

provincial

Definitions:

A province is a division or part of a nation or empire. The term "provincial" describes something that is related to a province, such as a provincial governor.

(See also: Asia, Egypt, Esther, Galatia, Galilee, Judea, Macedonia, Media, Rome, Samaria, Syria)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

province, provinces, provincial

provoke

Related Ideas:

provocation

Definitions:

The term "provoke" means to cause someone to experience a negative reaction or feeling.

(See also: anger)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

provocation, provoke, provoke ... to anger, provoked, provoked ... to anger, provokes, provoking

prudent

Related Ideas:

prudence, prudently

Definitions:

The term "prudent" describes a person who thinks carefully about his actions and makes wise decisions. It also describes what a prudent person does.

(See also: shrewd, spirit, wise)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

behaved prudently, prudence, prudent, prudent behavior, prudently

psalm

Related Ideas:

praise in song, psalmist, psalm of praise, song

Definition:

The term "psalm" refers to a sacred song, often in the form of a poem that was written to be sung.

(See also: David, faith, joy, Moses, holy)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

praise ... in song, psalm, psalmist, psalms, psalms of praise, songs

puffed up

Definition:

The term "puffed up" refers literally to something that is full of air and so larger than its normal size. is a figurative expression that refers to being boastful, proud, or arrogant.

(See also: arrogant, proud)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

puffed up, puffs up

punish

Related Ideas:

bring down judgment, deal with, inflict punishment, judgment, punishment, unpunished

Definition:

The term "punish" means to cause someone to suffer a negative consequence for doing something wrong. The term "punishment" refers to the negative consequence that is given as a result of that wrong behavior.

(See also: justice, repent, righteous, sin)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

bring down judgment, go ... unpunished, inflicted punishment, inflicting punishment, judgment, leave ... unpunished, punish, punished, punishes, punishing, punishment, unpunished

pure

Related Ideas:

impure, purge, purification, purify, purity, refine

Definition:

To be "pure" means to have no flaw or to have nothing mixed in that is not supposed to be there. To purify something is to cleanse it and remove anything that contaminates or pollutes it.

Translation Suggestions:

(See also: atonement, clean, spirit)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

impure, impure thing, impurities, impurity, pure, purer, purge, purification, purified, purifies, purify, purity, refine, refined, refiner, refiner's, refining

purple

Definitions:

The term "purple" is the name of a color that is a mixture of blue and red.

(See also: ephod, Philippi, royal, tabernacle, temple)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

purple

push

Definition:

The term "push" literally means to physically move something away using force. There are also several figurative meanings of this term.

(See also: oppress, persecute, reject)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

push, push ... away, pushed, pushed ... away, pushed ... down, pushing

qualify

Related Ideas:

disqualify, fail the test

Definition:

The term "qualify" refers to earning the right to receive certain benefits or to be recognized as having certain skills.

Translation Suggestions

(See also: Colossae, godly, kingdom, light, Paul, redeem)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

disqualified, failed the test, qualified, qualify

queen

Definition:

A queen is either the female ruler of a country or the wife of a king.

(See also: Xerxes, Athaliah, Esther, king. Persia ruler, Sheba)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

queen, queens

quench

Related Ideas:

put out, unquenchable

Definition:

The term "quench" means to stop something that is demanding to be satisfied. The expression "put out" can also mean the same.

(See also: fruit, gift, Holy Spirit)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

put out, quench, quenched, unquenchable

rage

Related Ideas:

enrage

Definitions:

Rage is excessive anger what is out of control. When someone rages, it means that person is expressing anger in a destructive way.

"Rage" can also be used figuratively. * The term to "rage" can also mean to move powerfully, in descriptions such as a "raging" storm or ocean waves that "rage."

(See also: anger, self-control)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

enrage, enraged, rage, raged, rages, raging, senseless rage

raise

Related Ideas:

arise, rise, risen

Definition:

raise, raise up

In general, the word "raise" means to "lift up" or "make higher."

rise, arise

To "rise" or "arise" means to "go up" or "get up." The terms "risen," "rose," and "arose" express past action.

Translation Suggestions:

(See also: resurrection, appoint, exalt)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

arise, arisen, arises, raise, raise up, raised, raises, raising, raising up, rise, rise up, risen, rises, rising, rose

ransom

Definition:

The term "ransom" refers to a sum of money or other payment that is demanded or paid for the release of a person who is held captive.

Translation Suggestions:

(See also: atonement, redeem)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

ransom, ransomed

reap

Related Ideas:

reaper

Definition:

The term "reap" means to harvest crops such as grain. A "reaper" is someone who harvests the crop.

(See also: good news, harvest)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

reap, reaped, reaper, reapers, reaping, reaps

rebel

Related Ideas:

rebellion, rebellious, rebelliousness

Definition:

The term "rebel" means to refuse to submit to someone's authority. A "rebellious" person often disobeys and does evil things. This kind of person is called "a rebel."

(See also: authority, governor)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

rebel, rebelled, rebelling, rebellion, rebellious, rebelliousness, rebels, revolt

rebuke

Related Ideas:

correct, correction

Definition:

To rebuke is to give someone a stern verbal correction, often in order to help that person turn away from sin. Such a correction is a rebuke.

Translation Suggestions:

(See also admonish, disobey)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

correct, corrected, correction, corrections, corrects, give correction, rebuke, rebuked, rebukes

receive

Related Ideas:

abstain, receiver

Definition:

The term "receive" generally means to get or accept something that is given, offered, or presented.

Translation Suggestions:

(See also: Holy Spirit, Jesus, lord, save)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

abstain, receive, receive back, received, received ... in full, receiver, receives, receiving

reconcile

Related Ideas:

reconciliation

Definition:

The term "reconcile" refers to "making peace" between people who were formerly enemies of each other. "Reconciliation" is that act of making peace

Translation Suggestions:

(See also: peace, sacrifice)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

reconcile, reconciled, reconciles, reconciliation, reconciling

redeem

Related Ideas:

redeemer, redemption

Definition:

To "redeem" and "redemption" refer to buy back something or someone that was previously owned or held captive. "Redemption" is the action of doing that. A "redeemer" is someone who redeems something or someone.

Translation Suggestions:

(See also: free, ransom)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

redeem, redeemed, redeemer, redeems, redemption

reed

Definitions:

The term "reed" refers to a plant with a long stalk that grows in the water, usually along the edge of a river or stream.

(See also: Egypt, Moses, Nile River)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

reed, reeds

refuge

Related Ideas:

refugee, shelter

Definition:

The term "refuge" refers to a place or condition of safety and protection. A "refugee" is someone who is seeking a safe place. A "shelter" refers to a place that can protect from weather or danger.

Translation Suggestions:

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

find refuge, refuge, refugee, refugees, shelter, sheltered, sheltering, shelters, take refuge

reign

Definition:

The term to "reign" means to rule over the people of a particular country or kingdom. The reign of a king is the time period during which he is ruling.

(See also: kingdom)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

reign, reigned, reigning, reigns, set ... to reign

reject

Related Ideas:

deny, despise, refuse, rejection, scorn, set aside, stay away from, throw away

Definition:

To "reject" someone or something means to refuse to accept that person or thing. The term "reject" can also mean to "refuse to believe in" something. To reject God or his laws means to refuse to obey him.

Translation Suggestions

(See also: command, disobey, obey, stiff-necked)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

denied, denies, deny, despise, despised, despises, refuse, refused, reject, rejected, rejecting, rejection, rejects, scorn, scorns, set ... aside, sets ... aside, stay away from, throw away, tossed aside

remnant

Related Ideas:

remaining

Definition:

The term "remnant" literally refers to people or things that are "remaining" or "left over" from a larger amount or group.

Translation Suggestions:

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

escaped remnant, remain, remained, remaining, remains, remnant

renown

Related Ideas:

famous

Definition:

The term "renown" refers to the greatness associated with being well known and having a praiseworthy reputation. Something or someone is "renowned" if it has renown.

Translation Suggestions:

(See also: honor)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

famous, renown, renowned

repent

Related Ideas:

change his mind, hold back, regret, relent, repentance

Definition:

The terms "repent" and "repentance" refer to turning away from sin and turning back to God.

Translation Suggestions:

(See also: forgive, sin, turn)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

change ... mind, changed ... mind, hold back, regret, regretted, relent, relented, relenting, repent, repentance, repented, repents

report

Related Ideas:

account, bring news, give an account, news, rumor

Definition:

The term to "report" means to tell people about something that happened, often giving details about that event. A "report" is what is told, and can be spoken or written.

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

account, accounts, bring ... report, brought ... news, brought ... report, gave ... a full account, give ... a full account, news, report, reported, reports, rumor, rumors, spread ... about

reproach

Definition:

To reproach someone means to criticize or disapprove of that person's character or behavior. A reproach is the negative comment about the person.

(See also: accuse, rebuke, shame)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

reproach

rest

Related Ideas:

at ease, pause, refresh, relief, restless

Definition:

The term to "rest" literally means to stop working. Usually it means to stop working in order to relax or regain strength. A "rest" is what someone has when he stops working. To "rest secure" is to feel safe. To "rest" an object on something means to "place" or "put" it there. An object that is "resting" somewhere is simply in that place. A boat that "comes to rest" somewhere has "stopped" or "landed" there. The phrase "the rest of" refers to the remainder of something.

Translation Suggestions:

(See also: remnant, Sabbath)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

at ease, be at rest, give ... rest, pause, refresh, refreshed, relief, rest, rest secure, rested, rested secure, resting, resting place, resting places, restless, rests

restore

Related Ideas:

bring back, mend, recover, restoration, reverse

Definition:

The terms "restore" and "restoration" refer to causing something to return to its original and better condition.

Translation Suggestions:

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

bring back, mending, recover, restoration, restore, restored, restorer, restores, restoring, reverse

resurrection

Definition:

The term "resurrection" refers to the act of becoming alive again after having died.

Translation Suggestions:

(See also: life, death, raise)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

resurrection

return

Definition:

The term "return" means to go back or to give something back.

(See also: turn)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

return, return back, returned, returning, returns

reveal

Related Ideas:

revelation

Definition:

The term "reveal" means to cause something to be known. A "revelation" is something that has been made known.

Translation Suggestions:

(See also: dream, vision)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

reveal, revealed, revealing, reveals, revelation, revelations

revere

Related Ideas:

respect, respectful, reverence, reverent

Definition:

The term "reverence" refers to feelings of profound, deep respect for someone or something. "Revere" someone or something is to show reverence towards that person or thing.

(See also: fear, honor, obey)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

respect, respected, respectful, revere, revered, reverence, reverences, reverent, show ... respect

reward

Related Ideas:

pay, penalty, prize, recompense, retribution, rewarder, wage

Definition:

The term "reward" refers to what a person receives or earns because of something he has done, either good or bad. To "reward" someone is to give someone something he deserves.

Translation Suggestions:

(See also: punish)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

pay, pay ... back, pays ... back, payment, penalty, prize, recompense, repay, repayment, retribution, reward, rewarded, rewarder, rewarding, rewards, wage, wages

right hand

Related Ideas:

righthand side

Definition:

The figurative expression "right hand" refers to the place of honor or strength on the right side of a ruler or other important individual.

Translation Suggestions:

(See also: accuse, evil, honor, mighty, punish, rebel)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

right hand, right hands, righthand side

righteous

Related Ideas:

right, rightly, righteousness, rightful, upright

Definition:

The term "righteousness" refers to God's absolute goodness, justice, faithfulness, and love. Having these qualities makes God "righteous." Because God is righteous, he must condemn sin.

The term "unrighteous" means to be sinful and morally corrupt. "Unrighteousness" can refer to sin or the condition of being sinful.

The terms "upright" and "uprightness" refer to acting in a way that follows God's laws.

Translation Suggestions:

(See also: evil, faithful, good, holy, integrity, justice, law, law of Moses, obey, pure, sin, lawful)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

acts rightly, do right, does what is right, in the right, made ... appear ... righteous, right treatment, righteous, righteously, righteousness, rightful, that are right, that is right, unrighteous, unrighteously, unrighteousness, upright, uprightly, uprightness, what is ... right, what was right

robe

Related Ideas:

cloak, coat, skirt, wings

Definition:

A robe is an outer garment with long sleeves that can be worn by a man or a woman. It is similar to a coat.

(See also: royal, tunic)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

cloak, cloaks, coat, fancy robes, robe, robed, robes, skirt, skirts, wings

rod

Related Ideas:

measuring rod

Definition:

The term "rod" refers to a narrow, solid, stick-like tool that was used in several different ways. It was probably at least a meter in length.

(See also: staff, sheep, shepherd)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

measuring rod, rod, rods

royal

Related Ideas:

kings', royalty

Definition:

The term "royal" describes people and things associated with a king or queen.

(See also: king. palace, priest, purple, queen, robe)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

kings', royal, royal official, royalty

ruin

Related Ideas:

rubble, ruins

Definition:

To "ruin" something means to spoil, destroy, or cause to be useless. The term "ruin" or "ruins" refers to the rubble and spoiled remains of something that has been destroyed.

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

allowed to become ruined, rubble, ruin, ruined, ruining, ruins

ruler

Related Ideas:

overrule, rule

Definition:

The term "ruler" is a general reference to a person who has authority over other people, such as a leader of a country, kingdom, or religious group. A ruler is one who "rules," and his authority is his "rule."

(See also: authority, governor, king, synagogue)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

overruled, overrules, rule, ruled, ruler, rulers, rules, ruling, rulings

run

Related Ideas:

flee, flow, move swiftly, runner

Definition:

Literally the term "run" means "move very quickly on foot," usually at a greater speed than can be accomplished by walking. To "run after" or "pursue" someone or something is to move as quickly as possible to try to catch that person or thing. To run away from someone or something is to "flee."

This main meaning of "run" is also used in figurative expressions such as the following:

The following figurative uses are about non-living things that are said to run.

(See also: god, persevere, refuge, turn)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

caused ... to flee, fled, flee, fleeing, flees, flow, flows, moving swiftly, ran, run, runner, runners, running, runs

sackcloth

Definition:

Sackcloth was a coarse, scratchy type of cloth that was made from goat hair or camel hair.

Translation Suggestions:

(See also: ash, camel, goat, humble, mourn, repent, sign)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

sackcloth

sacrifice

Related Ideas:

offering

Definition:

In the Bible, the terms "sacrifice" and "offering" refer to special gifts given to God as an act of worshiping him. People also offered sacrifices to false gods.

Translation Suggestions

(See also: altar, burnt offering, drink offering, god, fellowship offering, freewill offering peace offering, priest, sin offering, worship)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

burn ... sacrifices, offer, offered, offering, offerings, sacrifice, sacrificed, sacrifices, sacrificing

sanctify

Related Ideas:

sanctification

Definition:

To sanctify is to set apart or to make holy. Sanctification is the process of being made holy.

Translation Suggestions:

(See also: consecrate, holy, set apart)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

sanctification, sanctified, sanctifies, sanctify, sanctifying, sanctifying work

sanctuary

Definition:

The term "sanctuary" literally means "holy place" and refers to a place that God has made sacred and holy. It also can refer to a place that provides protection and safety.

Translation Suggestions:

(See also: holy, Holy Spirit, holy, set apart, tabernacle, tax, temple, )

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

sanctuaries, sanctuary, sanctuary's

sandal

Definition:

A sandal is a simple flat-soled shoe held onto the foot by straps that go around the foot or ankle. Sandals are worn by both men and women.

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

sandal, sandals

save

Related Ideas:

make well, preserve, safe, salvation

Definition:

The term "save" refers to keeping someone from experiencing something bad or harmful. To "be safe" means to be protected from harm or danger.

The term "salvation" refers to being saved or rescued from evil and danger.

Translation Suggestions:

(See also: cross, deliver, punish, sin, Savior)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

be made well, brought safely, brought safely through, place of safety, preserve, safe, safely, safety, salvation, save, saved, saves, saving

scepter

Definition:

The term "scepter" refers to an ornamental rod or staff held by a ruler, such as a king.

(See also: authority, Christ, king, righteous)

Picture of a Persian Scepter:

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

scepter, scepters

scribe

Related Ideas:

clerk, scholar

Definition:

Scribes were officials who were responsible for writing or copying important government or religious documents by hand. Another name for a Jewish scribe was "expert in Jewish law."

(See also: law of Moses, Pharisee)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

clerk, scholar, scribe, scribes

scroll

Related Ideas:

book, certificate, document, literature

Definition:

In ancient times, a scroll was a type of book made of one long, rolled-up sheet of papyrus or leather.

(See also: seal, synagogue, word of God)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

book, books, certificate, document, documents, literature, scroll, scrolls

seal

Related Ideas:

signet, signet ring, unsealed

Definition:

To seal an object means to keep it closed with something that makes it impossible to open without breaking the seal.

(See also: Holy Spirit, tomb)

Picture of a Sealed scroll:

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

seal, sealed, sealing, seals, signet, signet ring, unsealed

seed

Related Words:

semen

Definition:

A seed is the part of a plant that gets planted in the ground to reproduce more of the same kind of plant. It also has several figurative meanings.

Translation Suggestions:

(See also: descendant, offspring)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

seed, seeds, semen

seek

Related Ideas:

go to find, look out for, search, try

Definition:

The term "seek" means to look for something or someone. The past tense is "sought." It can also mean "try hard" or "make an effort" to do something.

(See also: justice, true)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

diligently seek, go to find, look out for, looked for, looking for, looks for, search, search carefully, search for, searched, searched for, searched out, searches ... out, searches for, searching, searching for, seek, seek ... out, seeking, seeks, sought, tried, try, trying

seize

Related Ideas:

seizure

Definition:

The term "seize" means to take or capture someone or something by force. It can also mean to overpower and control someone.

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

seize, seized, seizes, seizing, seizure

selah

Definition:

The term "selah" is a Hebrew word that occurs mostly in the book of Psalms. It has several possible meanings.

(See also: psalm)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

selah

self-control

Related Ideas:

self-indulgence, sensible, use good sense

Definition:

Self-control is the ability to control one's behavior in order to avoid sinning.

(See also: fruit, Holy Spirit)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

self-control, self-controlled, self-indulgence, sensible, use good sense

send

Definition:

To "send" is to cause someone or something to go somewhere. To "send out" someone is to tell that person to go on an errand or a mission.

(See also: appoint, redeem)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

send, send ... away, send ... on ... way, send out, sending, sending out, sends, sends out, sent, sent ... away, sent out

serpent

Related Ideas:

adder, asp, snake, viper

Definitions:

These terms all refer to a kind of reptile that has a long, thin body and large, fanged jaws, and that moves by slithering back and forth across the ground. The term "serpent" usually refers to a large snake. The terms "viper," "adder," and "asp" refer to types of snakes that have venom which they uses to poison their prey.

(See also: curse, deceive, disobey, Eden, evil, offspring, prey, Satan, sin, tempt)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

adder, adders, asp, asps, serpent, serpent's, serpents, snake, snakes, viper, viper's, vipers

servant

Related Ideas:

assistant, attendant, hired worker, maidservant, office, serve, service

Definition:

The word "servant" refers to a person who works for another person, either by choice or by force. Some servants were slaves, and the surrounding text usually makes it clear whether or not a particular servant was a slave. In Bible times, there was less of a difference between a servant and a slave than there is today. Both servants and slaves were an important part of their master's household and many were treated almost like members of the family. Sometimes a servant would choose to become a lifetime servant to his master.

The word "serve" means to do things to help other people. It can also mean to "worship."

The word "service" refers to the work that a servant does. It may also refer to worship.

The word "office" refers to the position or job that a servant has.

(See also: commit, enslave, household, lord, obey, righteous, covenant, law)

Bible References

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

female servant, female servants, hired servant, hired servants, hired worker, maidservants, male servant, male servants, office, offices, one who serves, servant, servant girl, servant girls, servant's, servants, servants', serve, served, serves, service, services, serving

set apart

Related Ideas:

distinct, make a distinction, treat differently

Definition:

The term "set apart" means separated from something to fulfill a certain purpose. Also, to "set apart" people or things means to make them "set apart." This also means to "treat" them "differently." When something is "distinct," it is different from other things.

Translation Suggestions:

(See also: holy, sanctify, appoint)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

be distinct, making a distinction, set ... apart, sets ... apart, treat ... differently, treating ... differently

sexual immorality

Related Ideas:

fornicate, fornication, immoral

Definition:

The term "sexual immorality" refers to sexual activity that takes place outside the marriage relationship of a man and a woman. This is against God's plan. Older English Bible versions call this "fornication."

Translation Suggestions:

(See also: adultery, god, prostitute, faithful)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

fornicate, fornicates, fornication, fornications, immoral, immorality, sexual immorality

shadow

Related Ideas:

overshadow, shade

Definition:

The word "shadow" literally refers to the darkness that is caused by an object blocking the light. The shadow has a shape similar to the shape of the object that blocks the light.

The word "shadow" also has several figurative meanings.

(See also: darkness, light)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

overshadow, overshadowed, shade, shadow, shadows

shame

Related Ideas:

ashamed, shameful, shameless, unashamed

Definition:

The term "shame" refers to a painful feeling of being disgraced a person has because of something dishonorable or improper that he or someone else has done.

Sometimes the word "shame" is used figuratively to refer to a person's nakedness or private parts.

(See also: god, humble, humiliate, Isaiah, repent, sin, worship)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

ashamed, make ... ashamed, put ... to shame, shame, shamed, shameful, shamefully, shameless, shamelessly, shames, unashamed

sheep

Related Ideas:

ewe, ram, sheepfold, sheepshearer, sheepskin

Definition:

A "sheep" is a medium-sized animal with four legs that has wool all over its body. A male sheep is called a "ram." A female sheep is called a "ewe." The plural of "sheep" is also "sheep."

(See also: Israel, lamb, sacrifice, shepherd)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

ewe, ewes, ram, ram's, rams, sheep, sheepfold, sheepfolds, sheepshearers, sheepskins

shepherd

Definition:

Translation Suggestions

(See also: believe, Canaan, church, Moses, pastor, sheep, spirit)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

chief shepherd, herdsman, herdsmen, keeper, shepherd, shepherd's, shepherded, shepherding, shepherds

shield

Related Ideas:

shielded

Definition:

A shield was an object held by a soldier in battle to protect himself from being injured by the enemy's weapons. To "shield" someone means to protect that person from harm.

(See also: faith, obey, Satan, spirit)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

shield, shielded, shields

shrewd

Related Ideas:

crafty

Definition:

The term "shrewd" describes a person who is intelligent and clever, especially in practical matters.

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

crafty, shrewd, shrewdly

siege

Related Ideas:

besiege, besiegers

Definition:

A "siege" occurs when an attacking army surrounds a city and keeps it from receiving any supplies of food and water. To "besiege" a city or to put it "under siege" means to attack it by means of a siege.

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

besiege, besieged, besiegers, besieging, siege, siege ramp, siege ramps, siege wall, siege works

sign

Related Ideas:

demonstration, evidence, mark, marker, omen, proof, remind, reminder, signal

Definition:

A sign is an object, event, or action that communicates a special meaning.

Translation Suggestions:

(See also: miracle, apostle, Christ, covenant, circumcise)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

demonstration, evidence, mark, marker, omen, omens, proof, remind, reminded, reminder, reminders, reminding, reminds, sign, signal, signal flag, signs

silver

Related Ideas:

money

Definition:

Silver is a shiny, gray precious metal used to make coins, jewelry, containers, and ornaments.

(See also: tabernacle, temple)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

money, silver

sin

Related Ideas:

sinful, sinner

Definition:

The term "sin" refers to actions, thoughts, and words that are against God's will and laws. Sin can also refer to not doing something that God wants us to do.

Translation Suggestions:

(See also: disobey, evil, flesh, tax)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

sin, sinful, sinned, sinner, sinners, sinning, sins

sin offering

Definition:

The "sin offering" was one of several sacrifices that God required the Israelites to offer.

(See also: altar, cow, forgive, sacrifice, sin)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

sin offering, sin offerings

sister

Definition:

A sister is a female person who shares at least one biological parent with another person. She is said to be that other person’s sister or the sister of that other person.

Translation Suggestions:

(See also: brother in Christ, spirit)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

sister, sister's, sisters, sisters'

skull

Related Ideas:

scalp

Definition:

The term "skull" refers to the bony, skeletal structure of the head of a person or animal.

(See also: crucify, Golgotha)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

scalps, skull, skulls

slain

Related Ideas:

exterminate, kill, killer, murder, murderer, put to death, strike down

Definition:

To "slay" a person or animal means to kill it. Often it means to kill it in a forceful or violent way. If a man has killed an animal or an innocent person, he has "slain" it.

(See also: slaughter)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

exterminate, exterminated, kill, kill ... off, killed, killed ... off, killer, killing, kills, murder, murdered, murderer, murderers, murders, put ... to death, slain, strike down, violently killed

slander

Related Ideas:

slanderer, slanderous, speak evil about

Definition:

Slander consists of negative, defaming things spoken (not written) about another person. To say such things (not to write them) about someone is to slander that person. The person saying such things is a slanderer.

(See also: blasphemy)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

slander, slandered, slanderer, slanderers, slandering, slanderous, slanders, speak evil about, spoken of as evil

slaughter

Definition:

The term "slaughter" refers to killing a large number of animals or people, or to killing in a violent way. It can also refer to killing an animal for the purpose of eating it. The act of slaughtering is also called "slaughter."

(See also: angel, cow, disobey, Ezekiel, servant, slain)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

slaughter, slaughtered, slaughtering, slaughters

snare

Related Ideas:

ensnare, entrap, noose, trap

Definition:

The terms "snare" and "trap" refer to devices that are used to catch animals and keep them from escaping. To "snare" or "ensnare" is to catch with a snare, and to "trap" or "entrap" is to catch with a trap. In the Bible, these terms were also used figuratively to talk about how sin and temptation are like hidden traps that catch people and harm them.

(See also: free, , prey, Satan, tempt)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

ensnare, ensnared, ensnares, entrap, noose, snare, snares, trap, trapped, traps

snow

Definitions:

The term "snow" refers to white flakes of frozen water that can fall from clouds in places where the air temperature is cold.

(See also: Lebanon, pure)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

snow, snowed, snowing

son

Definition:

The male offspring of a man and a woman is called their "son" for his entire life. He is also called a son of that man and a son of that woman. An "adopted son" is a male who has been legally placed into the position of being a son.

Translation Suggestions:

(See also: Azariah, descendant, father, firstborn, Son of God, sons of God)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

son, son's, sons

sons of God

Related Ideas:

children of God

Definition:

The term "sons of God" is a figurative expression that has several possible meanings.

Translation Suggestions:

(See also: angel, demon, son, Son of God, ruler, spirit)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

children of God, sons of ... God

sorcery

Related Ideas:

sorcerer, sorceress, witchcraft

Definition:

"Sorcery" or "witchcraft" refers to using magic, which involves doing powerful things through the help of evil spirits. A "sorcerer" is a man who does these powerful, magical things. A "sorceress" is a woman who does these things.

(See also: adultery, demon, divination, god, magic, sacrifice, worship)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

sorcerer, sorcerers, sorceress, sorceries, sorcery, witchcraft

soul

Related Ideas:

person

Definition:

The soul is the inner, invisible part of a person. It refers to the non-physical part of a person. It is the part of a person that continues living after the body dies.

Translation Suggestions:

(See also: spirit)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

person, persons, soul, souls

sow

Related Ideas:

plant, plantation, transplanted

Definition:

A "plant" is generally something that grows and is attached to the ground. To "plant" something is to put it in the ground so that it can grow. To "sow" is to scatter seeds on the ground so they can go into the ground and grow. A "sower" is a person who sows seeds.

Translations Suggestions

(See also: evil, good, reap)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

place ... planted, plant, plantation, planted, planting, plants, replanted, sow, sowed, sowing, sown, sows, transplanted

spear

Related Ideas:

javelin, spearmen

Definition:

A spear is a weapon with a long wooden handle and sharp metal blade on one end that is thrown a long distance.

(See also: prey, Rome, sword, warrior)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

javelin, spear, spearmen, spears

spirit

Related Ideas:

ghost, spiritual

Definition:

The term "spirit" refers to the non-physical part of people which cannot be seen. When a person dies, his spirit leaves his body. "Spirit" can also refer to an attitude or emotional state.

Translation Suggestions:

(See also: angel, demon, Holy Spirit, soul, divination)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

ghost, spirit, spirits, spiritual, spiritually

splendor

Related Ideas:

splendid

Definition:

The term "splendor" refers to the extreme beauty and elegance that is often associated with wealth and a magnificent appearance.

(See also: glory, king, majesty)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

splendid, splendidly, splendor

staff

Related Ideas:

club, walking stick

Definition:

A staff is a long wooden stick or rod, often used as a walking stick.

(See also: Pharaoh, power, sheep, shepherd)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

clubs, staff, staffs, walking stick, walking sticks

statute

Definition:

A statute is a specific written law that provides guidance for people to live by.

(See also: command, decree, law of Moses, ordinance, Yahweh)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

statute, statutes

stiff-necked

Related Ideas:

stiffen his neck, stubborn, stubbornness

Definition:

The term "stiff-necked" is an idiom used in the Bible to describe people who keep disobeying God and refuse to repent. Such people are very proud and will not submit to God's authority.

(See also: arrogant, proud, repent)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

stiff neck, stiff-necked, stiffen ... necks, stiffened ... neck, stiffened ... necks, stiffens ... neck, stubborn, stubbornly, stubbornness

stone

Definition:

A stone is a small rock. To "stone" someone is to throw stones and larger rocks at that person with the intention of killing him. A "stoning" is an event in which someone was stoned.

(See also: adultery, commit, crime, death, Lystra, testimony)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

stone, stoned, stones, stoning

storehouse

Related Ideas:

barn, storage, store cities, storerooms, treasure, treasury

Definition:

A "storehouse" is a large building that is used for keeping food or other things, often for a long time.

(See also: consecrate, dedicate, famine, gold, grain, silver, temple)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

barn, barns, storage, store cities, storehouse, storehouses, storerooms, treasure, treasures, treasuries, treasury

strength

Related Ideas:

strengthen, strong, stronger, strongest

Definitions:

The term "strength" refers to physical, emotional, or spiritual power. To "strengthen" someone or something means to make that person or object stronger.

Translation Suggestions

(See also: faithful, persevere, right hand, save)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

become strong, made ... strong, made ... stronger, make ... strong, makes ... strong, strength, strengthen, strengthened, strengthening, strengthens, strong, stronger, strongest

strife

Related Ideas:

argue, argument, conflict, contention, dispute, quarrel

Definition:

The term "strife" refers to physical or emotional conflict between people.

(See also: anger)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

arguing, argument, conflict, conflicts, contention, dispute, disputes, quarrel, quarreling, quarrels, strife

strong drink

Definition:

The term "strong drink" refers to drinks that have been fermented and have alcohol in them.

(See also: grape, Nazirite, vow, wine)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

strong drink, strong drinks

stronghold

Related Ideas:

battlement, city wall, fortification, fortified, fortress

Definition:

The terms "stronghold" and "fortress" both refer to places that are well protected against an attack by enemy soldiers. The term "fortified" describes a city or other place that has been made safe from attack.

(See also: god, god, refuge, Yahweh)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

battlements, city wall, fortifications, fortified, fortress, fortresses, stronghold, strongholds

stumble

Related Ideas:

reel

Definition:

The term "stumble" means "almost fall" when walking or running. Usually it involves tripping over something.

Translation Suggestions

(See also: believe, persecute, sin, stumbling block)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

causes ... to stumble, reeling, stumble, stumbled, stumbles, stumbling

stumbling block

Related Ideas:

occasion for stumbling, stone of stumbling

Definition:

The term "stumbling block" or "stone of stumbling" refers to a physical object that causes a person to trip and fall.

Translation Suggestions:

(See also: stumble, sin)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

occasion for stumbling, stone of stumbling, stumbling block, stumbling blocks

subject

Related Ideas:

force to become slaves, subdue, subject, subjection

Definitions:

A person is the "subject" of another person if the second person rules over the first. To "be subject to" is to "obey" or to "submit to the authority of."

(See also: submit)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

are subjected, be subject to, be subjected, forced to become slaves, in subjection to, not subjected, subdue, subdued, subject, subject to, subjected, subjection, subjects, was subjected, were subjected

submit

Related Ideas:

submission

Definition:

To "submit" usually means to voluntarily place oneself under the authority of a person or government.

Translation Suggestions:

(See also: subject)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

in submission, submission, submit, submits, submitted, submitting

suffer

Related Ideas:

misery

Definition:

The terms "suffer" and "suffering" refer to experiencing something very unpleasant, such as illness, pain, or other hardships.

Translation Suggestions:

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

miseries, suffer, suffered, suffering, sufferings, suffers

sulfur

Definition:

Sulfur is a yellow substance that becomes a burning liquid when it is set on fire.

Translation Suggestions:

(See also: Gomorrah, judge, Lot, rebel, Sodom, godly)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

sulfur

sweep

Definitions:

To "sweep" usually means to remove dirt by making broad, quick movements with a broom or brush. "Swept" is the past tense of "sweep." These words are also used figuratively.

(See also: Assyria, Isaiah, Judah, prophet)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

sweep, sweep ... away, sweeping, sweeps, swept, swept up

sword

Related Ideas:

dagger, swordsmen

Definition:

A sword is a flat-bladed metal weapon used to cut or stab. It has a handle and a long, pointed blade with a very sharp cutting edge.

Translation Suggestions

(See also: James (brother of Jesus), John (the Baptist), tongue, word of God)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

dagger, sword, swords, swordsmen

synagogue

Definition:

A synagogue is a building where Jewish people meet together to worship God.

(See also: heal, Jerusalem, Jew, pray, temple, word of God, worship)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

synagogue, synagogues

tabernacle

Related Ideas:

dwelling place, habitation

Definition:

The word "tabernacle" means "dwelling place."

The tabernacle was a special tent-like structure where the Israelites worshiped God during the 40 years they traveled around in the desert.

Translation Suggestions:

(See also: altar, altar of incense, ark of the covenant, temple, tent of meeting)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

dwelling place, dwellings, habitation, tabernacle

tax

Related Ideas:

tax collector, taxation, taxpayers, toll

Definition:

The terms "tax" and "taxes" refer to money or goods that people pay to a government that is in authority over them. A "tax collector" was a government worker whose job was to receive money that people were required to pay the government in taxes.

(See also: Jew, Rome, sin)

Bible References

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

tax, tax collector, tax collectors, taxation, taxed, taxes, taxing, taxpayers, toll, tolls

teach

Related Ideas:

educated, teaching, untaught

Definition:

To "teach" someone is to tell him something he doesn’t already know. It can also mean to "provide information" in general, with no reference to the person who is learning. Usually the information is given in a formal or systematic way. A person’s "teaching" is or his "teachings" are what he has taught.

(See also: instruct, teacher, word of God)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

educated, taught, teach, teaches, teaching, teachings, untaught

teacher

Definition:

A teacher is a person who gives other people new information. Teachers help others to obtain and use both knowledge and skills.

Translation Suggestions:

(See also: disciple, preach)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

teacher, teachers

temple

Related Ideas:

shrine

Definitions:

A temple is a special building in which people worship their god or gods. The most important temple in the Bible was where the Israelites worshiped the true God with prayers and sacrifices. It was located on Mount Moriah in the city of Jerusalem.

Translation Suggestions:

(See also: sacrifice, Solomon, Babylon, Holy Spirit, tabernacle, court, Zion, house)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

shrine, shrines, temple, temples

tempt

Related Ideas:

temptation, tempter

Definition:

To tempt someone is to try to get that person to do something wrong.

Translation Suggestions:

(See also: disobey, Satan, sin, test)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

tempt, temptation, tempted, tempter, tempting

tent

Related Ideas:

camp, encamp, tentmaker

Definition:

A tent is a portable shelter made of sturdy fabric that is draped over a structure of poles and attached to them.

(See also: Abraham, Canaan, curtain, Paul, Sinai, tabernacle, tent of meeting)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

camp, camped, camping, camps, encamp, encamped, encampments, encamps, tent, tentmakers, tents

tent of meeting

Definitions:

The term "tent of meeting" refers to a tent which was a temporary place where God met with Moses before the tabernacle was built.

(See also: Israel, Moses, pillar, tabernacle, tent)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

tent of meeting

tenth

Related Ideas:

tithe

Definition:

The terms "tenth" and "tithe" refer to "ten percent" or "one-out-of-ten portion" of one's money, crops, livestock, or other possessions, which is given to God.

(See also: believe, Israel, Levi, livestock, Melchizedek, minister, sacrifice tabernacle, temple)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

tenth, tenths, tithe, tithes

terror

Related Ideas:

panic, terrible, terrify, terrorize

Definition:

The term "terror" refers to a feeling of extreme fear. To "terrify" someone means to cause that person to feel very afraid.

(See also: adversary, fear, judge, plague, Yahweh)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

panic, terrible, terrified, terrify, terrifying, terrifying events, terrifying thing, terror, terrorize, terrorized, terrors

test

Related Ideas:

put to the test

Definition:

The term "test" refers to a difficult or painful experience that reveals a person's strengths and weaknesses.

Translation Suggestions:

(See also: tempt)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

put ... to the test, test, tested, testing, tests

testimony

Related Ideas:

eyewitness, testify, witness

Definition:

When a person gives "testimony" he makes a statement about something he knows, claiming that the statement is true. To "testify" is to give "testimony."

The term "witness" refers to a person who has personally experienced something that happened. Usually a witness is also someone who testifies about what they know is true. The term "eyewitness" emphasizes that the person was actually there and saw what happened.

Translation Suggestions:

Translating "testify" and "testimony": * The term "testify" or "give testimony" could also be translated as, "tell the facts" or "tell what was seen or heard" or "tell from personal experience" or "tell what happened." * Ways to translate "testimony" could include, "report of what happened" or "statement of what is true" or "what has been said." * The phrase, "as a testimony to them" could be translated as, to "show them what is true" or to "prove to them what is true." * The phrase, "as a testimony against them" could be translated as, "which will show them their sin" or "exposing their hypocrisy" or "which will prove that they are wrong." * To "give false testimony" could be translated as "say false things about" or "state things that are not true."

Translating "witness" and "eyewitness": * The term "witness" or "eyewitness" could be translated with a word or phrase that means "person seeing it" or "the one who saw it happen" or "those who saw and heard (those things)." * Something that is "a witness" could be translated as "guarantee" or "sign of our promise" or "something that testifies that this is true." * The phrase "you will be my witnesses" could also be translated as "you will tell other people about me" or "you will teach people the truth that I taught you" or "you will tell people what you have seen me do and heard me teach." * To "witness to" could be translated as to "tell what was seen" or to "testify" or to "state what happened." * To "witness" something could be translated as to "see something that happens" or to "experience something that happens."

(See also: ark of the covenant, guilt, judge, prophet, true)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

eyewitness, eyewitnesses, testified, testifies, testify, testify against, testifying, testimony, witness, witnessed, witnesses

tetrarch

Definition:

The term "tetrarch" refers to a governing official who ruled over part of the Roman Empire. Each tetrarch was under the authority of the Roman emperor.

(See also: governor, Herod Antipas, province, Rome, ruler)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

tetrarch

the sea

Facts:

In the Bible, the "Great Sea" or "western sea" refers to what is now called the "Mediterranean Sea," which was the largest body of water known to the people of Bible times.

(See also: Israel, people group, prosper)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

the sea, the Great Sea, the western sea, Mediterranean Sea

the twelve

Related Ideas:

the eleven

Definition:

The term "the twelve" refers to the twelve men that Jesus chose to be his closest disciples, or apostles. After Judas killed himself, they were called "the eleven."

Translation Suggestions:

(See also: apostle, disciple)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

the eleven, the twelve

thief

Related Ideas:

bandit, booty, loot, marauding band, plunder, raider, revolutionary, rob, robber, robbery, steal

Definitions:

The term "thief" refers to a person who steals money or property from other people. The plural of "thief" is "thieves." The term "robber" often refers to a thief who also physically harms or threatens the people he is stealing from.

(See also: bless, crime, crucify, darkness, destroy, power, Samaria, Satan)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

bandits, booty, loot, marauding band, marauding bands, plunder, plundered, plundered things, raiders, raiding parties, raiding party, revolutionary, rob, robbed, robber, robbers, robbery, robbing, robs, steal, stealing, steals, stolen, thief, thieves

thorn

Related Ideas:

thistle, thornbush

Definitions:

Thorn bushes and thistles are plants that have prickly branches or flowers. These plants do not produce fruit or anything else that is useful.

(See also: crown, fruit, spirit)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

thistle, thistles, thorn, thorn hedge, thornbush, thornbushes, thorns

thresh

Related Ideas:

beat out

Definition:

The terms "thresh" and "threshing" refer to the first part of the process of separating wheat grain from the rest of the wheat plant.

(See also: chaff, grain, winnow)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

beat ... out, beaten ... out, floors for threshing, thresh, threshed, threshes, threshing, threshing floor, threshing sledges

threshold

Related Ideas:

doorway

Definition:

The term "threshold" refers to the bottom part of a doorway or the part of a building that is just inside the door.

(See also: gate, tent)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

doorways, threshold, thresholds

throne

Related Ideas:

enthroned, seat of authority

Definition:

A throne is a specially-designed chair where a ruler sits when he decides important matters and listens to requests from his people.

(See also: authority, power, king, reign)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

enthroned, seat of authority, throne, thrones

time

Definitions:

In the Bible the term "time" was often used to refer to a specific season or period of time when certain events took place. It has a meaning similar to "age" or "epoch" or "season."

(See also: age, tribulation)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

time, times

tomb

Related Ideas:

burial place, grave, gravediggers

Definition:

The terms "tomb" and "grave" refer to a place where people put the body of a person who has died. A "burial place" is a more general term that also refers to this.

(See also: bury, death)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

burial place, grave, gravediggers, graves, tomb, tombs

tongue

Related Ideas:

language

Definition:

There are several figurative meanings of "tongue" in the Bible.

Translation Suggestions

(See also: gift, Holy Spirit, joy, praise, joy, spirit)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

language, languages, tongue, tongues

torment

Related Ideas:

tormentors, torture, torturer

Definitions:

The term "torment" refers to terrible suffering. To "torment" or "torture" someone means to cause that person to suffer, often in a cruel way.

(See also: beast, eternity, Job, Savior, spirit, suffer, worship)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

torment, tormented, tormenting, tormentors, torture, torturers

tradition

Definition:

The term "tradition" refers to a custom or practice that has been kept over time and which is passed down to people in later generations.

(See also: apostle, believe, Christian, father, generation, Jew, law of Moses, Moses)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

tradition, traditions

trample

Related Ideas:

tread, trod, trodden

Definition:

To "tread" on something is to step on it. To "trample" something is to step on it and smash it with the feet.

(See also: grape, humiliate, punish, rebel, thresh, wine)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

trample, trample over, trampled, tramples, trampling, trampling place, tread, treader, treading down, trod, trodden

transgress

Related Ideas:

offend, offense, transgression, transgressor

Definition:

The term "transgression" refers to the breaking of a command, rule, or moral code. To "transgress" is to commit a "transgression."

Translation Suggestions:

(See also: sin, trespass, iniquity)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

offend, offended, offense, offenses, transgress, transgressed, transgresses, transgressing, transgression, transgressions, transgressor, transgressors

tremble

Related Ideas:

shake

Definition:

To "tremble" means to shake or quiver out of fear or extreme distress.

(See also: earth, fear, lord)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

shake, shakes, shook, tremble, trembled, trembles, trembling

trespass

Definition:

To "trespass" means to break a law or to violate the rights of another person. A "trespass" is the action of "trespassing."

Translation Suggestions:

(See also: disobey, iniquity, sin, transgress)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

trespass, trespassed, trespasses

trial

Related Ideas:

case, on trial, plead a case

Definition:

The term "trial" refers to a situation in which something or someone is "tried" or tested.

The term "trial" is also used figuratively.

(See also: tempt, test, innocent, guilt)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

case, on trial, plead ... case, trial, trials

tribe

Related Ideas:

tribal

Definition:

A tribe is a group of people who are descended from a common ancestor.

(See also: clan, nation, people group, twelve tribes of Israel)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

tribal, tribe, tribes

tribulation

Related Ideas:

distress

Definition:

The term "tribulation" refers to a time of hardship, suffering, and distress.

(See also: earth, teach, wrath)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

distress, distressed, distresses, tribulation, tribulations

tribute

Definition:

The term "tribute" refers to a gift from one ruler to another ruler, for the purpose of protection and for good relations between their nations.

Translation Suggestions:

(See also: gold, king, ruler, tax)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

tribute

trouble

Related Ideas:

troublesome

Definition:

A "trouble" is an experience in life that is very difficult and distressing. To "trouble" someone means to "bother" that person or to cause him distress. Something that is "troubling" causes people to feel distressed. Someone who is troublesome causes problems. To be "troubled" means to feel upset or anxious or distressed about something.

A "tumult" is a group of people making much noise because they are troubled or unhappy.

Translation Suggestions

(See also: afflict, persecute)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

trouble, troubled, troubles, troublesome, troubling

true

Related Ideas:

certain, certainly, certainty, indeed, real, sure, surely, truly, truth, truthful, truthfulness, truths

Definition:

The term "truth" refers to one or more concepts that are facts, events that actually happened, and statements that were actually said. Such concepts are said to be "true."

Translation Suggestions:

(See also: believe, faithful, fulfill, obey, prophet, understand)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

certainly, certainty, for certain, indeed, real, sure, surely, true, truly, truth, truthful, truthfulness, truths

trumpet

Related Ideas:

trumpet call, trumpeter

Definition:

The term "trumpet" refers to an instrument for producing music or for calling people to gather together for an announcement or meeting.

(See also: angel, assembly, earth, horn, Israel, wrath)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

trumpet, trumpet call, trumpet's, trumpeters, trumpets

trust

Related Ideas:

entrust, trustworthiness, trustworthy

Definition:

To "trust" something or someone is to believe that the thing or person is true or dependable. That belief is also called "trust." A "trustworthy" person is one you can trust to do and say what is right and true, and therefore one who has the quality of "trustworthiness."

Translation Suggestions:

(See also: believe, confidence, faith, faithful, true)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

entrust, entrusted, entrusting, trust, trusted, trusting, trusts, trustworthiness, trustworthy

tunic

Definition:

In the Bible, the term "tunic" referred to a garment that was worn next to the skin, under other clothing.

(See Also: robe)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

tunic, tunics

turn

Related Ideas:

apostasy, apostate

Definition:

To "turn" means to physically change direction or to cause something else to change direction.

Translation Suggestions:

(See also: god, leper, worship)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

acts of apostasy, apostasy, apostate, turn, turn ... away, turned, turned ... away, turned ... away ... in disgust, turned ... back, turning, turning ... away, turns, turns ... away, turns ... away from

twelve tribes of Israel

Related Ideas:

children of Israel, descendants of Israel, people of Israel, twelve tribes, twelve tribes of the children of Israel, twelve tribes of the sons of Israel

Definition:

The term "twelve tribes of Israel" refers to the twelve sons of Jacob and their descendants.

(See also: inherit, Israel, Jacob, priest, tribe)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

children of Israel, descendants of Israel, people of Israel, twelve tribes, twelve tribes of Israel, twelve tribes of the children of Israel, twelve tribes of the sons of Israel

understand

Related Ideas:

argument, craftiness, insight, intelligent, realize, unintentionally, without understanding

Definition:

The term "understand" means to hear or receive information and know what it means.

(See also: believe, know, wise)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

arguments, craftiness, gain understanding, gives ... insight, insight, intelligent, realize, realized, understand, understanding, understands, understood, unintentionally, without understanding

unleavened bread

Definition:

The term "unleavened bread" refers to bread that is made without yeast or other leavening. This kind of bread is flat because it has no leaven to make it rise.

Translation Suggestions:

(See also: bread, Egypt, feast, Passover, servant, sin, yeast)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

unleavened bread

vain

Related Ideas:

for no reason, for nothing, futile, futility, meaningless, of no value, useless, vanity

Definition:

The term "vain" describes things that are useless or have no purpose. Vain things are worthless.

Translation Suggestions:

(See also: god, worthy)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

for no reason, for nothing, futile, futility, meaningless, of no value, useless, uselessly, vain, vain plans, vanity, without meaning

veil

Related Ideas:

unveiled

Definition:

The term "veil" usually refers to a thin piece of cloth that is used as a head covering, to cover the head or face so that it cannot be seen.

Translation Suggestions

(See also: Moses)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

unveiled, veil, veiled, veils

vine

Related Ideas:

grapevine

Definition:

The term "vine" refers to a plant that grows by trailing along the ground or by climbing trees and other structures. The word "vine" in the Bible is used only of fruit-bearing vines and usually refers to grape vines.

(See also: grape, vineyard)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

grapevine, vine, vines

vineyard

Related Ideas:

vine grower

Definition:

A vineyard is a large garden area where grapevines are grown and grapes are cultivated.

(See also: grape, Israel, vine)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

vine growers, vineyard, vineyards

virgin

Related Ideas:

virginity

Definition:

A virgin is a woman who has never had sexual relations.

(See also: Christ, Isaiah, Jesus, Mary)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

virgin, virginity, virgins

vision

Definitions:

The term "vision" refers to something that a person sees. It especially refers to something unusual or supernatural that God shows people in order to give them a message.

Translation Suggestion

(See also: dream)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

vision, visions

voice

Related Ideas:

rumbling, sound

Definition:

The term “voice” refers to sound that a person makes when speaking or singing. The term "voice" is often used figuratively to refer to speaking or communicating something.

(See also: call, preach, splendor)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

rumblings, sound, sounds, voice, voices

vow

Definition:

A vow is a promise that a person makes to God. The person promises to do a certain thing in order to specially honor God or to show devotion to him.

Translation Suggestions:

(See also: promise, oath)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

vow, vowed, vows

walk

Definition:

The term "walk" is often used in a figurative sense to mean "live."

Translation Suggestions:

(See also: Holy Spirit, honor)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

walk, walk around, walked, walking, walking around, walks

warrior

Related Ideas:

armed group, army, footmen, garrison, host, soldier, troop

Definitions:

The terms "warrior" and "soldier" both can refer to someone who fights in an army. But there are also some differences.

These ideas can also be used in figurative ways. * Yahweh is figuratively described as a "warrior." * The "host of heaven" is a metaphor that sees the stars in the sky as an army that rivals the army of Yahweh of hosts.

(See also: courage, crucify, Rome, tomb, Yahweh of hosts)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

armed group, armed groups, armies, army, army's, fellow soldier, footmen, garrison, garrisons, host, hosts, soldier, soldiers, soldiers', troop, troops, warrior, warriors

waste

Related Ideas:

lay waste, wasteland

Definition:

To "waste" something means to carelessly throw it away or to use it unwisely.

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

laid waste, lays waste, waste, waste away, wasted, wasteland, wastelands, wastes, wastes away, wasting

watch

Related Ideas:

keep watch, watch out, watchful, watchman

Definition:

The term "watch" means to look at something very closely and carefully. It also has several figurative meanings.

These ideas can also be used figuratively.

Translation Suggestions

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

keep ... watch, kept ... watch, watch, watch out, watched, watchful, watching, watchman, watchmen

watch (biblical time)

Definition:

In biblical times, a "watch" was a period of time at night during which a watchman or guard for a city would be on duty looking out for any danger from an enemy.

(See also: watch)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

watch (biblical time), watches

watchtower

Related Ideas:

tower

Definition:

The term "watchtower" refers to a tall structure built as a place from which guards could look out for any danger. These towers were often made of stone.

(See also: adversary, watch)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

tower, towers, watchtower, watchtowers

water

Definition:

In addition to its primary meaning, "water" also often refers to a body of water, such as an ocean, sea, lake, or river.

Translation Suggestions:

(See also: life, spirit, Holy Spirit, power)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

water, watered, watering, waters

week

Related Ideas:

sevens

Definition:

The term "week" literally refers to a period of time lasting seven days.

(See also: Pentecost)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

sevens, week, weeks

well

Related Ideas:

cistern

Definition:

The terms "well" and "cistern" refer to two different kinds of sources for water in Bible times.

Translation Suggestions:

(See also: Jeremiah, prison, strife)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

cistern, cisterns, well, wells

wheat

Definition:

Wheat is a type of grain that people grow for food. When the Bible mentions "grain" or "seeds," it is often talking about wheat grain or seeds.

(See also: barley, chaff, grain, seed, thresh, winnow)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

wheat

will of God

Related Ideas:

God's will, desire of God, he wishes, his will, will of my Father, will of our God and Father, will of the Lord

Definition:

The "will of God" refers to God's desires and plans.

Translation Suggestions:

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

God's will, desires of God, he desires, he wishes, his will, will of God, will of my Father, will of our God and Father, will of the Lord, will of your Father, you are willing, your will

wine

Related Ideas:

new wine, wineskin

Definition:

In the Bible, the term "wine" refers to a kind of fermented drink made from the juice of a fruit called grapes. Wine was stored in "wineskins," which were containers made out of animal skin.

Translation Suggestions:

(See also: grape, vine, vineyard, winepress)

Bible References:

smashed

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

new wine, wine, wines, wineskin, wineskins

winepress

Definition:

During Bible times, a "winepress" was a large container or open place where the juice of grapes was extracted in order to make wine.

(See also: grape, wrath)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

winepress, winepresses

winnow

Related Ideas:

sift

Definition:

The terms "winnow" and "sift" mean to separate grain from unwanted materials. In the Bible, both words are also used in a figurative sense to refer to separating or dividing people.

(See also: chaff, grain)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

sift, sifting, winnow, winnowed, winnowing, winnows

wise

Related Ideas:

wisdom, wisely, wiser, wisest

Definition:

The term "wise" describes someone who understands what is the right and moral thing to do and then does that. "Wisdom" is the understanding and practice of what is true and morally right.

Translation Suggestions:

(See also: obey, fruit)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

sound wisdom, wisdom, wise, wisely, wiser, wisest

wise men

Related Ideas:

educated men

Definitions:

In the Bible, the phrase "wise men" often refers to men who serve God and act wisely, not foolishly. The term "wise men" or "educated men" is also a special term that refers to men with unusual knowledge and abilities who served as part of a king's court.

Translation Suggestions:

(See also: Babylon, Daniel, divination, magic, Nebuchadnezzar, ruler, wise)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

educated men, wise men

woe

Definition:

The term "woe" refers to a feeling of great distress. It also gives a warning that someone will experience severe trouble.

Translation Suggestions:

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

woe

wolf

Related Ideas:

wild dogs

Definition:

A wolf is a fierce, meat-eating animal that is similar to a wild dog.

Translation Suggestion

(See also: evil, false prophet, sheep, teach)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

wild dogs, wolf, wolves

womb

Related Ideas:

pregnant

Definition:

The term "womb" refers to where a baby grows inside its mother.

Picture showing location of a Womb:

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

pregnant, womb, wombs

word

Definition:

A "word" refers to something that someone has said. In the Bible, it almost always refers to an entire message, not just one word.

Translation Suggestions:

(See also: word of God)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

word, words, message, messages

word of God

Related Ideas:

God's word, his words, my word, scripture, word of Yahweh, word of the Lord, word of truth, writings

Definition:

In the Bible, the term "word of God" refers to anything that God has communicated to people. This includes spoken and written messages. Jesus is also called "the Word of God."

The term "word of truth" is another way of referring to "God's word," which is his message or teaching. It does not refer to just one word.

Translation Suggestions:

(See also: prophet, true, word, Yahweh)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

God's word, God's words, his words, my word, scripture, scriptures, word of God, word of Yahweh, word of the Lord, word of truth, words of God, writings

work

Related Ideas:

act, deed, fellow worker

Definition:

In the Bible, the terms "work," "deed," and "act" are used to refer generally to things that God or people do.

Translation Suggestions:

(See also: fruit, Holy Spirit, miracle)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

act, action, actions, activities, acts, deed, deeds, fellow worker, fellow workers, work, works

world

Related Ideas:

universe, worldly

Definition:

The term "world" usually refers to the part of the universe where people live: the earth. The term "worldly" describes the evil values and behaviors of people living in this world.

Translation Suggestions:

(See also: corrupt, heaven, Rome, godly)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

universe, world, world's, worldly

worship

Related Ideas:

worshiper

Definition:

To "worship" means to honor, praise and obey someone, especially God.

Translation Suggestions:

(See also: sacrifice, praise, honor)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

worship, worshiped, worshiper's, worshipers, worshiping, worships

worthy

Related Ideas:

deserve, nullify, unworthy, worth, worthily, worthless, worthlessness, worthy

Definition:

The term "worthy" describes someone or something that deserves respect or honor. To "have worth" means to be valuable or important.

Translation Suggestions:

(See also: honor)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

deserve, deserved, deserves, deserving, nullify, unworthy, worth, worthily, worthless, worthlessness, worthy

wrath

Related Ideas:

furious, fury

Definition:

Wrath is an intense anger that is sometimes long-lasting. It especially refers to God's righteous judgment of sin and punishment of people who rebel against him.

Translation Suggestions:

(See also: judge, sin)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

furious, fury, wrath

wrong

Related Ideas:

defraud, hurt, mistreat, wrongdoer, wrongdoing

Definition:

To "wrong" someone means to treat that person unjustly and dishonestly.

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

defraud, hurt, hurting, hurts, mistreat, mistreated, wrong, wrongdoer, wrongdoing, wronged, wrongfully, wronging, wrongs

year

Definition:

When used literally, the term "year" in the Bible refers to a period of time lasting 354 days. This is according to the lunar calendar system which is based on the time it takes for the moon to go around the earth.

(See also: month)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

year, years

yeast

Related Ideas:

leaven, unleavened

Definition:

"Leaven" is a general term for a substance that causes bread dough to expand and rise. "Yeast" is a specific kind of leaven.

The ideas of "leaven" and "yeast" can also be used in figurative ways.

Translation Suggestions

(See also: Egypt, Passover, unleavened bread)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

leaven, leavened, leavens, unleavened, yeast

yoke

Definition:

A yoke is a piece of wood or metal attached to two or more animals to connect them for the purpose of pulling a plow or a cart. There are also several figurative meanings for this term.

(See also: bind, burden, oppress, persecute, servant)

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

yoke, yoked, yoked ... together, yokes

zeal

Related Ideas:

diligence, diligent, eager, eagerness, zealous, zealously

Definition:

The terms "zeal" and "zealous" refer to being strongly devoted to supporting a person or idea.

Translation Suggestions:

Bible References:

Word Data:

Forms Found in the English ULB:

diligence, diligent, eager, eagerness, making ... effort, zeal, zealous, zealously

Translation Words

آباء

اللفظ "آباء" في العهد القديم يشير الى الاباء المؤسسين للشعب اليهودي و خصوصا ابراهيم, اسحاق, و يعقوب. . و يمكن ان تشير ايضا الى ابناء يعقوب الاثنى عشر الذين اصبحوا 12 ابا ل 12 عشيرة من عشائر اسرائيل. . اللفظ "اب" له نفس المعنى ل "جد", لكن يشير بالاخص الى الجد الذكر الاكثر شهرة في قيادة جماعة الشعب.

آثم, إثم

اللفظ "آثم" يعني ان يكون خاطيء و فاسد اخلاقيا. "إثم" يشير الى خطية او الى حالة كونه مخطئا. . يشير هذين اللفظين بالخصوص الى العيش بطريقة تخالف تعاليم الله و وصاياه. . شعب آثم هم من يتصفون بأفعال وطريقة تفكير غير اخلاقية. . احيانا "الأثمة" يشير خصوصا الى الاشخاص الذين لا يؤمنون بيسوع.

اقتراحات الترجمة . قد يترجم هذا اللفظ ببساطة ب "غير صالح". . على حسب السياق, طرق اخرى لترجمة هذا اللفظ قد تشمل, "شرير" او "غير اخلاقي" او "الذين يتمردون ضد الله" او "خطاة". . العبارة "الأثمة" قد تترجم ب "اناس اثمة". . اللفظ "اثم" يمكن ان يترجم ب "خطية" او "افكار و افعال شريرة" او "شر". . اذا امكن, يكون افضل لو ترجم هذا اللفظ بطريقة تظهر علاقته ب "اثم" و "آثم".

آحاز

آحاز كان ملك شرير حكم مملكة يهوذا في الفترة ما بين 732 قبل الميلاد الى 716 قبل الميلاد. كان هذا قبل 140 سنة من الوقت الذي اخذ فيه جزء كبير من شعب اسرائيل يهوذا الي السبي البابلي.

. عندما كان يملك على يهوذا, آحاز بنى معابد لعبادة الهة اشور الوثنية, الشيء الذي تسبب في ارتداد الشعب و تحولهم عن عبادة الاله الحقيقي يهوه. . الملك آحاز كان ابن 20 سنة عندما اصبح ملكا على يهوذا, و ملك لمدة 16 سنة.

آخاب

آخاب كان ملك شرير جدا حكم الجزء الشمالي لمملكة اسرائيل في الفترة من 875 الى 854 قبل الميلاد. . الملك آخاب أثر على شعب اسرائيل لكي يعبوا الاوثان. النبي اليشع واجه اخاب و قال له انه سيكون جفاف شديد لمدة ثلاث سنوات ونصف كعقاب للخطيئة التي تسبب فيها آخاب و اخطأ بها بنو اسرائيل . . اخآب و زوجته ايزابل كان لديهم العديد من الاعمال الشيطانية الاخرى, بما في ذلك استعمال سلطتهما لقتل اشخاص ابرياء.

آدم

آدم هو اول إنسان خلقه الله . هو و زوجته حواء صنعا على صورة الله . . خلق الله آدم من التراب و نفخ فيه من روحه . . يبدو إسم آدم مشابها للكلمة العبرية " التراب الأحمر" او " الأرض" . . الإسم " آدم " هو نفسه الذي في العهد القديم لكلمة " البشرية" أو " بداية البشر" . . كل الشعوب هم منحدرون من آدم و حواء. . آدم و حواء عصيا الله . و هذا ما فصلهما عن الله و سبب دخول الخطية و الموت الى العالم .

آرام, آرامي, الارامية

"آرام" هو اسم لرجلين في العهد القديم. و هو كذلك اسم للمنطقة الشمالية من كنعان, التي تقع فيها سوريا في ايامنا هذه. . الشعب الساكن في آرام يعرف ب "الآراميون" و يتكلمون "الارامية". يسوع و يهود اخرون في ذلك الوقت تكلموا الارامية . واحد من ابناء سام كان اسمه آرام, رجل اخر اسمه آرام هو قريب رفقة. و من المحتمل ان منطقة ارام سميت على احد هذين الرجلين. . عرفت آرام فيما بعد بالاسم اليوناني, "سوريا" . اللفظ "فدان آرام" يعني "سهل آرام" و يقع في الجزء الشمالي من آرام. . بعض من اقارب ابراهيم عاشوا في مدينة حاران, التي تقع في " فدان آرام". . في العهد القديم, في بعض الاحيان اللفظ "آرام" و "فدان آرام" يشيران الى نفس المنطقة. . اللفظ " آرام النهرين" ممكن ان تعني " آرام فيه نهرين" هذه المنطقة تقع في الجزء الشمالي من بلاد ما بين النهرين والى الشرق من "فدان آرام".

آسا

آسا كان هو الملك الذي حكم مملكة يهوذا لمدة اربعين سنة, في الفترة بين 913 الى 873 ق م. . كان الملك آسا ملكا جيدا حيث هدم العديد من تماثيل الاوثان كان سببا في رجوع بني اسرائيل لعبادة الرب مرة اخرى. . منح الرب للملك آسا النجاح في حربه ضد الامم. . غير انه و في ما بعد و خلال فترة حكمه, الملك آسا توقف عن الثقة في الرب و اصابه مرض ادى الى وفاته.

آساف

آساف كان كاهن من اللاويئين و موهوب في الموسيقى و هو من ألف الموسيقى لمزامير الملك داود. و كذلك كتب بعض المزامير. . آساف نُصب من طرف الملك داود ليكون واحد من الثلاثة موسيقيين الموسؤولين لتحضير الاناشيد للعبادة في الهيكل. و البعض من هذه الاناشيد هي كذلك نبوءات. . آساف علم ابناءه الذين كانوا يحملون هذه المسؤولية, استعمال الالات الموسيقية و التنبؤ داخل الهيكل. . تشمل الالات الموسيقية العود, القيتار, البوق, الصنوج. . المزامير 50 و 73 الى 83 يقال انها لآساف. ومن الممكن ان تكون بعض من هذه المزامير مكتوبة من طرف احد افراد عائلته.

آسيا

في زمن الكتاب المقدس, " آسيا" كان اسم مستعمرة في الامبراطورية الرومانية. كانت تقع في الجزء الشرقي لما يسمى اليوم دولة تركيا. . سافر بولس الى اسيا و شارك برسالة الخلاص في العديد من المدن هناك. من بينها مدينة افسس و كولوسي. . لتجنب الخلط مع اسيا الحديثة, قد يكون من الضروري ترجمتها ب, "المستعمرة الرومانية القديمة التي تسمى آسيا" . . كل الكنائس المشار اليها في سفر الرؤيا كانت تقع في المستعمرة الرومانية لاسيا.

آشور, آشوري, الامبراطورية الآشورية

آشور كانت امة قوية خلال الفترة التي عاش فيها بنو اسرائيل في ارض كنعان. كانت الامبراطورية الاشورية مجموعة من الامم التي يحكمها الملك الاشوري. . كانت الامة الاشورية في المنطقة الواقعة حاليا بالجزء الشمالي من العراق. . حارب الاشوريون ضد اسرائيل في ازمنة مختلفة خلال تاريخهم. . في عام 722 ق غزا الاشوريون نهائيا مملكة اسرائيل و اجبروا بعض الاسرائيليين على الانتقال الى اشور. . الاسرائيليون المتبقون تزوجوا بالاجانب الذين جلبهم الاشوريون من السامرة. المنحدرون من هذا الزواج المختلط سموا فيما بعد بالسامريون.

آلام المخاض, يتمخض

المرأة التي "تتمخض" هي التي تعاني من الآلام التي ترافق ولادة الطفل. و هذا يسمى "آلام المخاض". . في رسالته الى اهل غلاطية, استخدم الرسول بولس هذا اللفظ مجازيا ليصف سعيه الشديد لمساعدة اتباعه المؤمنين ليكونوا اكثر تمثلا بيسوع. . التشبيه الجزئي بآلام المخاض اُستخدم ايضا في الكتاب المقدس ليصف ما سوف يحدث في الايام الاخيرة من الآلام التي سوف تزداد شدتها.

أبشالوم

أبشالوم هو الإبن الثالث للملك داوود. كان معروف بمظهره الوسيم و مزاجه الناري .

. لما أُغتُصبتْ ثامار اخت أبشالوم من طرف أخوهما غير الشقيق أمنون , أبشالوم وضع خطة للايقاع بأمنون وقتله . . بعد موت أمنون , هرب أبشالوم الى منطقة جشور( المكان الذي تنحدر منه امه معكة ) و بقي هناك ثلاث سنوات . بعد هذا بعث الملك داوود إليه لكي يرجع الى أورشليم , على أن لا يمثل أبشالوم في حضرته مدة سنتين . . إستمال أبشالوم بعض الشعب ضد الملك داوود , و قاد ثورة ضده . . جيش داوود حارب ضد أبشالوم و قتله . داوود كان حزينا جدا عندما حدث هذا .

أبناء, ابن

في الكتاب المقدس, اللفظ "طفل" يستخدم عادة للاشارة بصفة عامة الى شخص صغير في العمر, بما في ذلك الرضيع. اللفظ "أطفال" هو بصيغة الجمع و كذلك له العديد من الاستخدامات المجازية. . في الكتاب المقدس, التلاميذ او التابعين يدعون في بعض الاحيان "أولاد". . عادة االفظ "أولاد" يستخدم للاشارة الى ذرية الشخص. . العبارة "أبناء ال" ممكن ان تشير الى ان يصبح مميز بشيء ما. بعض الامثلة على ذلك: . ابناء النور . ابناء الطاعة . أبناء إبليس . هذا اللفظ يمكن ان يشير كذلك الى الاشخاص مثل الابناء الروحيون. مثل "أبناء الله" يشير الى الاشخاص الذين ينتمون الى الله من خلال الايمان بيسوع المسيح.

اقتراحات الترجمة . اللفظ "أبناء" ممكن ان يترجم ب "النسل" عندما يشير الى احفاد شخص ما او احفاد الاحفاد, إلخ. . على حسب السياق, "ابناء ال" ممكن ان تترجم ب, "الاشخاص الذين لديهم مميزات ال" او " الاشخاص الذين يتصرفون مثل ". . اذا امكن, العبارة, "أبناء الله" يجب ان تترجم حرفيا من حيث انه موضوع كتابي مهم ان يكون الله هو ابونا السماوي. الترجمة البديلة الممكنة, "الاشخاص الذين ينتمون الى الله" او "ابناء الله الروحيون". . عندما سمى يسوع تلاميذه "أبناء" هذا ممكن كذلك ان يترجم ب, "اصدقائي الأعزاء" او "تلاميذي الاحباء". . عندما يشير كل من بولس و يوحنا الى المؤمنين بيسوع ك "أبناء", ممكن ان يترجم هذا كذلك ب "المومنون الاتباع الأعزاء". . العبارة, "أبناء الوعد" ممكن ان تترجم ب "الاشخاص الذين نالوا ما وعد الله به".

أبنير

أبنير هو ابن عم الملك شاول في العهد القديم . . ابنير كان قائد الجيش لدى شاول , وهو الذي قدم الشاب داوود الى شاول بعدما قتل داوود جليات العملاق. . بعد موت الملك شاول , ابنير نصب اشبوشث ابن شاول كملك على اسرائيل , بينما نُصِّبَ داوود ملكا على يهوذا . . فيما بعد ابنيرقٌتِلَ غدرا على يد يوآب رئيس جيش داوود.

أثم, إثم

اللفظين "أثم"و "إثم" يشيران الى كسر الوصية, القاعدة, او القانون الاخلاقي. . رمزيا, "إثم" يمكن وصفه ايضا ب "انتهاك خط العبور", الذي هو تجاوز الحد او الحدود التي تم وضعها لصالح الشخص و الاخرين ايضا. . الالفاظ "إثم", "خطية", و "تعدي" كلهم يشملون معنى الفعل ضد ارادة الله و عصيان وصاياه.

اقتراحات الترجمة . "يأثم" يمكن ان تترجم ب "يخطيء" او "يعصي" او "يتمرد". . اذا استخدم النص او الاية لفظين بمعنى "خطيئة" او "إثم" او "تعدي", يكون مهما بقدر الامكان, استخدام طرق مختلفة لترجمة هذه الالفاظ. عندما يستخدم الكتاب المقدس كلمتين او اكثر بمعنى متشابه في نفس السياق, عادة ما يكون الغرض منه هو التأكيد على ما يقال او إظهار اهميته.

أدان, إدانة

اللفظ "أدان" و "إدانة" يشير الى الحكم على شخص ما لانه فعل شيء خاطيء. . غالبا الكلمة "أدان" تتضمن معاقبة هذا الشخص على فعله الخاطيء. . احيانا "أدان" يعني الاتهام الخاطيء لشخص ما او الحكم زورا على شخص ما. . اللفظ "ادانة" يشير الى فعل الحكم على او اتهام شخص ما.

اقتراحات الترجمة . على حسب السياق, هذا اللفظ ممكن ان يترجم ب "حكم عليه بشدة" او "انتقد زورا". . العبارة "يدينه" ممكن ان تترجم ب, "الحكم عليه بأنه مذنب" او "التصريح انه يجب ان يعاقب من اجل خطيئته". . اللفظ "إدانة" ممكن ان يترجم ب, "محاكمة قاسية" او "الاقرار بانه مذنب" او "عقوبة الذنب".

أدرك’ يدرك

اللفظ "ادرك" و "يدرك" يشير الى السيطرة على شخص ما او شيء ما. و عادة يتضمن فكرة ادراك شيء ما بعد ملاحقته. . عندما " تدرك" فرق الجيش العدو, هذا يعني انهم تغلبوا على هذا العدو في المعركة. . عندما يدرك الحيوان المفترس فريسته, هذا يعني انه لحق و امسك بفريسته. . اذا "ادركت " اللعنة شخصا ما , هذا يعني ان كل ما قيل في هذه اللعنة سوف يحدث لهذا الشخص. . تدرك البركات الشعب, هذا يعني ان هذا الشعب سوف يختبر اشياء مباركة. . على حسب السياق, "يدرك" قد تترجم ب, "يغزو" او "يقبض" او " يهزم" او "يقبض على" او "يؤثر تماما". . الفعل الماضي "ادرك", يمكن ان يترجم ب, "سبب الاذى ل". . عندما يستخدم كتحذير ان الظلمة او العقاب او الرعب سوف يدرك الناس بسبب خطاياهم, هذا يعني ان هؤلاء الناس سوف يختبرون هذه الاشياء السلبية اذا لم يتوبوا. . العبارة, "كلماتي ادركت اباءكم" يعني ان التعاليم التي اعطاها الرب الى اباءهم سوف يسبب لهم تحمل العقاب بسبب رفضوا طاعة هذه التعليمات.

أدونيا

أدوناي هو الإبن الرابع للملك داوود .

. أدوناي حاول ان يملك على إسرائيل بعد موت اخويه أبشالوم و أمنون.

. و مع ذلك الله وعد بعرش داوود لإبنه سليمان , يذلك فشلت مؤامرة أدونيا و سلم العرش إلى سليمان . . و عندما حاول أدوناي مرة ثانية أن يقيم له ملكا خاصا به , أسلمه سليمان الى الموت .

أذل, إذلال

اللفظ "أذل" يعني ان يجعل شخص ما يحس بالعار او الهوان. و هذا عادة يتم جهرا. الفعل بأن يذل شخصا ما يسمى"اذلال". . عندما يذل الله شخص ما هذا يعني ان يجعل شخص متكبر يختبر تجربة الفشل لمساعدته على التغلب على كبرياءه. و هذا يختلف عن اذلال شخص الذي عادة ما يفعل من اجل ايذاء هذا الشخص. . ان "يذل" ممكن ان تترجم ب "عار" او ان "يسبب له الاحساس بالعار" او "احراج". . على حسب السياق, طرق ترجمة "اذلال" ممكن ان تشمل, "عار" او "هوان" او "خزي".

أراراط

في الكتاب المقدس, "أراراط" هو الاسم الذي يطلق على ارض, مملكة, و سلسلة جبال. . "راض أراراط" من المحتمل انها تقع في الجزء الشمالي الشرقي من دولة تركيا في الوقت الحالي. . اراراط معروفة اكثر على انها اسم الجبال التي رسي عليها فلك نوح بعد ان بدأت مياه الطوفان العظيم بالانحسار. . في العصر الحديث, سمي الجبل ب "جبل اراراط" و هو ما يعتقد انه موقع "جبل أراراط" المذكور في الكتاب المقدس.

أرسل, ارسل الى, ارسلت

ان "يرسل" هو ان يجعل شخصا او شيئا يذهب الى مكان ما. ان "يرسل الى" شخص هو ان يقول لهذا الشخص ان يذهب في مهمة او مأمورية معينة. . عادة الشخص الذي "يُرسل الى" يكون مخصص لأداء مهمة معينة. . عبارة مثل "أرسل المطر" او "أرسل خراب" يعني "ان يجعل...يحدث". هذا النوع من التعبير عادة ما يستخدم للدلالة على الله عندما يجعل هذه الاشياء تحدث. . اللفظ "ارسل" يستخدم ايضا في تعبيرات مثل "ارسل كلمة" او "ارسل رسالة" و التي تعني ان يعطي رسالة لشخص ليوصلها الى شخص آخر. . ان "يرسل" شيئا "مع" شخص قد تعني ان "يعطي هذا الشيء لشخص آخر, عادة ما يقطع مسافة ليقدمه الى الشخص المتلقي. . في كثير من الاحيان استخدم يسوع هذه العبارة "الذي ارسلني" للاشارة الى الله الآب الذي "ارسله" الى الارض ليفدي و يخلص البشرية. قد يترجم هذا ايضا ب, "كلفني" او "جعلني آتي" او "عينني لأذهب".

أرشد, إرشاد

اللفظين "أرشد" و "إرشاد" يشير الى اعطاء توجيهات محددة بخصوص ما يُفعل. . ان "يقدم توجيهات" يعني ان يقول لشخص ما بالتحديد ما يُفترض به ان يفعل. . عندما قدم يسوع الخبز و السمك الى تلاميذه ليوزعوها على الجموع, اعطاهم توجيهات محددة بخصوص كيف يقومون بذلك. . على حسب السياق, اللفظ "أرشد" ممكن ايضا ان تترجم ب "قال" او "وجّه" او "علّم" او "اعطى توجيهات ل". . اللفظ "أرشادات" ممكن ان يترجم ب, "توجيهات" او "تفسيرات" او "ما قال له ان يعمله". . عندما يعطي الله توجيهات, هذا اللفظ يترجم في بعض الاحيان ب " اوامر" او "تعليمات".

أستير

استير هي امرأة يهودية اصبحت ملكة في مملكة فارس خلال فترة السبي البابلي لليهود. . سفر استير يحكي قصة استير وكيف اصبحت زوجة ملك بلاد فارس الملك احشيوروش و كيف استخدمها الله لانقاذ شعبها. . كانت استير يتيمة و تبناها ابن عمها القريب مردخاي. . طاعتها لابيها بالتبني ساعدتها لتكون مطيعة لله. . اطاعت استير الله و عرضت حياتها للخطر من اجل انقاذ شعبها, اليهود . قصة استير تصور سيطرة الله الكلية على احداث التاريخ, و خصوصا كيف يحمي شعبه و يعمل من خلال هؤلاء الذين يطيعونه.

أسد

الاسد هو حيوان بري كبير شبيه بالقط و له اسنان و اضافر قوية لقتل و تقطيع فريستها. . الاسود لها اجسام قوية و سرعة هائلة للانقضاض على فريستها. فروها قصير و لونه بني ذهبي. . لذكور الاسود لبد من الشعر تحيط برأسها. . تقتل الاسود الحيوانات الاخرى لتأكلها و قد تكون خطيرة على الكائنات البشرية. . عندما كان الملك داود شابا, قتل اسودا حاولوا الهجوم على اغنامه عندما كان يرعاها. . شمشون ايضا قتل اسد بإستخدام يديه فقط.

أسير, أسر

اللفظ "أسير" و "أسر" يشير الى القبض على الناس و اجبارهم على العيش في مكان ما لا يريدون العيش فيه, مثل بلاد اجنبي. . الاسرائيليون من مملكة يهوذا كانوا اسرى في مملكة بابل لمدة 70 سنة. . الأسير غالبا ما يُطلب منه ان يكون خادما للامة او للشعب الذي سباه. . دانيال و نحميا هم أسرى اسرائيليون يعملون لصالح ملك بابل. . التعبير "اُخذ الى السبي" هو طريقة اخرى للعبير عن أسر شخص ما. . التعبير"يأخذك الى الاسر" ممكن ان يترجم ب, "يجبرك على العيش كأسير" او "يأخذك بعيدا كسجين الى بلاد اخرى". . بالمعني المجازي, الرسول بولس قال للمسيحيين "إأسروا" كل فكر الى طاعة المسيح. . و تكلم كذلك عن كيف يمكن للشخص ان "يؤسر" بالخطية, الشيء الذي يعني انه "ان الخطية "تسيطر عليه".

أشدود, اشدود

اشدود هي احد اهم خمس مدن في فلسطين. كانت تقع في جنوب غرب كنعان بالقرب من البحر الابيض المتوسط, في منتصف الطريق بين غزة و يافا. . هيكل اله الفلسطينيين داجون الاله المزيف كان يقع في أشدود. . عاقب الله شعب اشدود عقابا شديدا عندما سرق الفلسطينيون ثابوت العهد و وضعوه في الهيكل الوثني في اشدود. . الاسم اليوناني لهذه المدينة هو .... كانت واحدة من المدن التي بشر فيها فيليبس برسالة الخلاص.

أشير

اشير هو الابن الثامن ليعقوب. ذريته تشكل واحدة من اسباط اسرائيل الاثني عشر التي تسمى كذلك بأشير. . ام اشير كانت زلفة, جارية ليئة. . معنى اسمه "سعيد" او , "مبارك". .أشير هو كذلك اسم الارض التي منحت لسبط اشير لما دخل بنو اسرائيل الى ارض الموعد.

أطفأ

اللفظ "أطفأ" يشير الى اخماد او وقف شيء يطالب بالرضا. . هذا اللفظ يستخدم عادة في سياق اخماد العطش و يعني ان يوقف عطشه بشربه شيء ما. . و قد يستخدم ايضا للاشارة الى اخماد النار. . كل من العطش و النار يتم اطفاءهما بالماء. . استخدم بولس هذا اللفظ "أخمد" بطريقة مجازية عندما امر المؤمنين ان لا "يطفؤوا الروح القدس". و هذا يعني ان لا يسببوا في تثبيط الاخرين عن طريق السماح للروح القدس بأن ينتج فيهم الثمر و المواهب الروحية. اطفاء الروح القدس يعني ان يقوم بفعل شيء يحول دون عمل الروح القدس بكل حرية لاظهار قوته و عمله وسط المؤمنين.

أعدّ, معدٌ

اللفظين "اعدّ" و "معد" يشيران الى اتخاذ القرار او التخطيط سلفا بأن هذا الشيء سوف يحدث. . هذا اللفظ يشير بالخصوص الى شعب الله المعد سلفا لنيل الحياة الابدية. . احيانا تستخدم الكلمة "قضى", و التي ايضا تعني اخذ القرار سلفا.

اقتراحات الترجمة . اللفظ "أعدّ" يمكن ايضا ان يترجم ب "يقرر سلفا" او "تقرر في وقت مبكر". . اللفظ "معد" يمكن ترجمته ب, "قرر منذ فترة طويلة" او "خطط في وقت مبكر" او "قُررت مسبقا". . عبارة مثل, "اعدنا" يمكن ترجمتها ب "قرر من زمن بعيد اننا" او "قرر بالفعل في وقت مبكر اننا". . ملاحظة ترجمة هذا اللفظ يجب ان تكون مختلفة عن ترجمة اللفظ "علم سابق".

أعرف, معرفة, تعرف

ان "اعرف" تعني ان افهم شيء ما ان يكون على بينة من حقيقة. التعبير "تعرف" هو تعبير يعني ان يقول معلومة. . اللفظ "معرفة" يشير الى معلومة يعرفها الناس. يمكن ان تنطبق على الاشياء المعروفة بكل من الكلمات المادية و الروحية. . ان "يعرف بخصوص" الله يعني ان يفهم الحقائق بخصوصه بسبب ما اعلنه لنا عن نفسه. . ان "يعرف" الله يعني يكون له علاقة به. و هذا ينطبق على المعرفة بين الاشخاص. . ان يعرف الله جدا يعني ان يكون على علم باوامره, او بفهم ما يريده من الشخص ان يعمله. . ان "يعرف الشريعة" يعني ان يكون على علم بما يأمر به الله او ان يفهم ما امر به الله في الشرائع التي اعطاها لموسى. . في بعض الاحيان "معرفة" تستخدم كمرادف ل "الحكمة", التي تتضمن العيش بطريقة تسر الله. . "معرفة الله" تستخدم في بعض الاحيان كمرادف ل "مخافة الرب".

اقتراحات الترجمة

. على حسب السياق, طرق ترجمة "اعرف" ممكن ان تشمل, "افهم" او "ان يكون مألوف ل" او "ان يكون على علم" او "ان يكون على اطلاع ب" او "ان يكون على علاقة ب". . بعض اللغات لها كلمتين مختلفتين ل "اعرف" اما ان تشير الى معرفة الحقائق او الى معرفة الشخص و الدخول معه في علاقة. . اللفظ "تعرف" ممكن ان تترجم ب "تسبب للناس في معرفة" او "يعلن" او "يخبر بخصوص" او "شرح". . ان "يعرف بخصوص" في بعض الاحيان ب "ان يكون على علم ب" او " ان يكون معروفا ل". . التعبير "يعرف كيف" يعني ان يفهم العملية او المنهجية للقيام بشيء ما. ممكن ان تترجم ب, "ان يكون قادرا على" او "ان يكون لديه المهارة ل". . اللفظ "معرفة" ممكن ان تترجم ب, "الشيء الذي يُعرف" او "حكمة" او " الفهم", على حسب السياق.

أعمال, أفعال, عمل, أعمال

في الكتاب المقدس, الالفاظ "أعمال" و "أفعال" تستخدم للاشارة بصفة عامة الى الاشياء التي يفعلها الله او الناس. . اللفظ "عمل" يشير الى القيام بالعمل او اي شيء يُفعل لخدمة الاخرين. . "اعمال" الله و "عمل يديه" هما تعبيران يشيران الى كل الاشياء التي فعلها و يفعلها الله, يشمل ذلك خلق العالم, خلاص الخطاة, تسديد احتياجات كل الخليقة, الحفاظ على الكون كله في مكانه. اللفظ "افعال" و "أعمال" تستخدم ايضا للاشارة الى معجزات الله في تعبير مثل, "اعمال قدرة" او "افعال عجيبة". . الافعال او الاعمال التي يعملها الشخص قد تكون اما صالحة او شريرة. . يقوي الروح القدس المؤمنين لفعل اعمال صالحة, التي تسمى ايضا "ثمار جيدة". . لا يخلص الناس بواسطة اعمالهم الصالحة, انهم يخلصون بواسطة الايمان بيسوع المسيح. . اعمال الشخص قد تكون ما يقوم به لكسب قوته او خدمة الله. يشير الكتاب المقدس ايضا الى "فعلة" الله.

اقتراحات الترجمة . طرق اخرى لترجمة "اعمال" او "افعال" قد تشمل, "افعال" او "الاشياء التي تُفعل". . عند الاشارة الى "اعمال" الله او "افعال" الله و "عمل يديه", قد تترجم هذه التعبيرات ب, "الاشياء التي فعلها الله" او "الغرائب التي فعلها الله" او "الاشياء العجيبة التي فعلها الله" او "كل شيء جيد اتمه الله". . اللفظ "عمل" يمكن ان يكون فقط الصيغة لمفردة ل "اعمال" كما في, "كل عمل صالح" او "كل فعل صالح". . اللفظ "عمل" قد يحمل معنى اوسع ل "خدمة" او "عمل الرب". على سبيل المثال, التعبير, "عملك في الرب" قد تترجم ايضا ب, "ما تفعله من اجل الرب". . التعبير, "افحص عملك" قد تترجم ب, "تأكد من ان ما تفعله هو ارادة الله" او "تأكد من ان ما تقوم يرضي الله". . العنبير "عمل الروح القدس" قد يترجم ب, "التعزيز الذي يأتي من الروح القدس" او "خدمة الروح القدس" او "الاشياء التي يفعلها الروح القدس".

أفود

الافود هو لباس يشبه المأزر يلبسه الكهنة الاسرائيليون. و له جزئين خلفي وامامي, تلتصقان مع بعض على الكتفين و تربط حول الخصر بحزام من القماش. . هناك نوع من الافود يصنع من الكتان العادي و يلبسه الكهنة العاديون. . الافود الذي يلبسه رئيس الكهنة يكون مزينا خصيصا بالخيط الذهبي و الازرق و الارجواني و الاحمر. . صدرة كبير الكهنة تعلق في الجهة الامامية للافود. خلف الصدرية تخفى الاوريم و التميم, التي تحتوي على حجارة تستخدم لسؤال الله عن مشيئته فيما يخص بعض المسائل. . صنع القاضي جدعون بحماقة افود من الذهب اصبح فيما بعد شيء يعبده الاسرائيليون كوثن.

أقام, نهض, اقام, نشأ, نشأت

اقام, و يرفع بصفة عامة يعني "ارتفاع" او "جعل اعلى". . العبارة المجازية, "اقام" يعني ان يجعل شيءما يأتي الى الوجود او يظهر. و قد يعني ايضا ان يخصص شخص ما لعمل شيء ما. . في بعض الاحيان "اقام" يعني "استعاد" او "رمم". . "أقام" لها معنى مخصص في العبارة, "أقام من بين الاموات". يعني ان يجعل شخص ميت يعود الى الحياة مجددا. . في بعض الاحيان "اقام" يعني ان "يمجد" شخص ما او شيء ما. . " اقام" "رفع" او "ترتفع" يعني ان "يذهب للاعلى" او "انتفض قائما". الالفاظ "اقام", "ارتفع", "نشأ" ألفاظ تستخدم للتعبير عن فعل ماضي. . عندما ينهض الشخص لكي يذهب لمكان ما, يعبرعن هذا في بعض الاحيان ب, "قام و ذهب" او "نهض و ذهب". . نقول عن شيء ما انه "اقيم" بمعنى انه "حدث" او "انه بدأ يحدث". . قال يسوع انه سوف "يقوم من بين الموتى". ثلاث ايام بعد موت يسوع, قال الملاك, "انه قام".

اقتراحات الترجمة . اللفظ "اقام" او "نهض" يمكن ان يترجم ب "يرفع" او "يجعله عاليا". . ان "يقيم" يمكن ان ترجم ب, "يجعله يظهر" او "يعين" او "يحضره للوجود". . ان "يرفع قوة اعدائك" يمكن ان تترجم ب, "يجعل اعداءك اكثر قوة". . العبارة "يقيم شخص من الموت", يمكن ان تترجم ب, "يجعل شخص يعود من الموت الى الحياة" او "يجعل شخص ما يعود الى الحياة". . على حسب السياق, "اقام" يمكن ان تترجم ب, "يزود" او "يخصص" او "يسبب ان يكون" او "يبني" او "يرمم" او "يعيد البناء". . العبارة "قام و ذهب" يمكن ان تترجم ب "نهض و ذهب" او "ذهب". . على حسب السياق, اللفظ "اقام" يمكن ان تترجم ب "بدأ" او "اخذ في" او "نهض" او "وقف".

أكيلا

كان أكيلا رجل يهودي مسيحي من امارة بنطس, منطقة ممتدة على طول الساحل الجنوبي للبحر الاسود. . اكيلا و برسكيلاعاشا في روما, ايطاليا لفترة من الوقت, لكن الامبراطور الروماني, كلوديوس ارغم كل اليهود على مغادرة روما. . بعد هذا اكيلا و برسكيلا سافرا الى كورنتوس, و هناك إلتقيا بالرسول بولس. . عملا في صناعة الخيام مع بولس, بالاضافة الى مساعدته في خدمته للرب. . كلاهما اكيلا و برسكيلا علما المؤمنين بالحق المختص بيسوع, واحد من هؤلاء المؤمنين كان المعلم الموهوب الذي يدعى أبولس.

أكّد, تأكيد

اللفظ "أكد" و "تأكيد" يشير عادة الى التصريح او الضمان بأن الشيء صحيح او اكيد او جدير بالثقة. . في العهد القديم, قال الله لشعبه انه سوف "يؤكد" عهده معهم. هذا يعني انه يبقي وفي لوعوده الذي وعد بها في هذا العهد. . عندما "يُصادق" على الملك هذا يعني ان قرار وضعه كملك اصبح مصادق عليه و مدعوم من طرف الشعب. . المصادقة على ما كتبه شخص ما يعني التصريح ان ما كُتب صحيح. . " تأكيد" البشارة يعني تعليم الناس حول الاخبار السارة عن يسوع بطريقة تظهر ان هذا التعليم صحيح. . ان تحلف "كتأكيد" يعني القول رسميا او القسم ان هذا الشيء صحيح او جدير بالثقة. . طرق لترجمة "أكد" ممكن تشمل على, "التصريح بصحة" او "إثبات انه جدير بالثقة" او "التصريح ب" او "يثبت" او "يعد", على حسب السياق.

أليشع

كان أليشع نبي في اسرائيل خلال فترة حكم العديد من ملوك اسرائيل: آخاب, أحزيا, يهورام, ياهو, يهوآحاز, و يهوآش. . امر الله النبي إيليا لكي يمسح أليشع ليكون نبي. . عندما أُخذ إيليا الى السماء في مركبة حديدة, اصبح أليشع نبيا لملوك اسرائيل. . عمل أليشع الكثير من المعجزات, تتضمن شفاء رجل من سوريا كان مصابا بالبرص و أقام ابن ارملة شنومية من الموت.

أليصابات

اليصابات هي ام يوحنا المعمدان. اسم زوجها زكريا. . زكريا و أليصابات لم يكن بمقدورهما انجاب اطفال, و لكن في سنهما المتقدم, وعد الله زكريا بأن أليصابات ستنجب له ابنا. . حفظ الله وعده, و اصبح بإمكان اليصابات ان تحبل, و وضعت ابنا, و اسميا الطفل يوحنا. . اليصابات كانت ايضا قريبة مريم, ام يسوع.

أليعازر

أليعازر هو اسم للعديد من الرجال في الكتاب المقدس. . أليعازر هو الابن الثالث لهارون اخو موسى. بعد موت هارون. اصبح أليعازر كبير الكهنة في اسرائيل. . أليعازر كان كذلك اسم احد "رجال داود المقربين". . أليعازر آخر كان الرجل الذي اقامه يسوع من الموت.

أمر, يوصي, وصية

اللفظ "يوصي" يعني ان يقوم بأمر شخص ما للقيام بشيء معين. "الامر" او " الوصية" هي ما أُمر الشخص بفعله. . بالرغم من ان كل هذه الالفاظ في الاساس لها نفس المعاني, "الوصية" غالبا ما تشير الى أوامر محددة من الله وهي ثابتة ودائمة, مثل "الوصايا العشر". . الامر ممكن ان يكون ايجابي (" اكرم والديك") او سلبي ("لا تسرق"). .ان "تتولى الامر" يعني ان "تسيطر" او " تتحمل مسؤولية" شيء ما او شخص ما.

اقتراحات الترجمة

. من الافضل ترجمة هذا اللفظ بشكل مختلف عن لفظ, "قانون". و كذلك مقارنته مع تعريف ال "مرسوم" و " تشريع". . قد تفضل بعض الترجمات ترجمة "امر" و "وصية" بنفس الكلمة في اللغة الخاصة بها. . و قد يفضل البعض الاخر استخدام كلمة معينة لوصية للاشارة الى الوصية الدائمة التي وضعها الله.

أممي

اللفظ "أممي" يشير الى اي شخص ليس يهودي. الامم هم الشعوب الغير منحدرين من يعقوب. . في الكتاب المقدس, اللفظ "غير مختون" ايضا يشير الى الامم لان الكثير منهم لا يختنون ابناءهم الذكور مثلما يفعل بني اسرائيل. . لان الله اختار اليهود ليكونوا شعبه الخاص, فقد ضنوا بأن الامم هم غرباء لا يمكنهم ابدا ان يصبحوا من شعب الله. . دعيَ اليهود ايضا "اسرائيليين" او "عبرانيين" عبر فترات مختلفة من التاريخ. و يشار الى اي شخص اخر ب "اممي". . اممي ممكن ان تترجم ايضا ب "ليس يهودي" او "غير يهودي" او "ليس اسرائيلي" (العهد القديم) او "ليس من اليهود". . حسب التقاليد, اليهود لا يمكن ان يأكلوا مع الامم او ان يجتمعوا معهم, الامر الذي سبب مشكلة في الكنيسة الاولى المبكرة.

أمين, أمانة

ان يكون "أمين" لله يعني ان يعيش باستمرار وفق تعاليم الله. يعني ان يكون وفي لله بطاعته. الحالة و الضروف لان يكون الشخص امينا هي "امانة". . الشخص الامين ممكن ان نثق فيه انه دائما ما يحفظ وعوده و دائما ما يكمل مسؤولياته اتجاه الاخرين. . الشخص الامين يثابر على اداء مهامه, حتى وان كانت طويلة الامد و صعبة. . الامانة لله هي الاستمرار في عمل ما يريد منا الله ان نعمله.

اقتراحات الترجمة

. في العديد من السياقات, "امين" ممكن ان تترجم ب "وفي" او "مُكرس" او "جدير بالثقة". . في سياقات اخرى, "امين" ممكن ان تترجم بكلمة او عبارة يكون معناها "الاستمرار في الايمان" او "المثابرة في الايمان والطاعة لله". . طرق يمكن بها ترجمة "الامانة" تتضمن, "المثابرة على الايمان" او "الوفاء" او "الثقة" او "الايمان والطاعة لله".

أمّة

الامة هي شعب كثير يحكم من طرف حكومة. الشعب الذي ينتمي للامة عادة ما يكون لهم نفس الاسلاف و اصل مشترك. . اللفظ "امة" عادة يتضمن فكرة ثقافة خاصة جدا و حدود اقليمية. . في الكتاب المقدس, "الامة" يمكن ان تكون بلد ( مثل مصر و اثيوبيا), و لكن عادة ما يكون اكثر شمولية و تشير الى شعب, و خصوصا اذا جاءت بصيغة الجمع. من المهم التأكد من السياق. . الامم في الكتاب المقدس تشمل, بني اسرائيل, الفلسطينيين, الاشوريين, البابليين, الكنعانيين, الرومانيين, و اليونانيين, بالاضافة الى الكثير من الامم الاخرى. . في بعض الاحيان كلمة "امة" تستخدم بطريقة مجازية للاشارة الى اسلاف بعض الشعوب,مثلما حدث عندما اخبر الله رفقة انها ستلد ولدين يخرج منهما "امتين" متعاديتين. و يمكن ترجمة هذا ب, "سيشكلان امتين" او "تنحدر منهما امتين". . الكلمة المستعملة لترجمة "امة" قد تستخدم احيانا للاشارة الى "الوثنيين" او الشعوب التي لا تعبد الرب. غالبا السياق يجعل المعنى اوضح.

اقتراحات الترجمة . على حسب السياق, الكلمة "امة" قد تترجم ب, "شعب" او "مجموعة من الناس" او "بلاد". . اذا كانت اللغة تحتوي على لفظ ل "امة" الذي يستخرج من الفاظ اخرى, يمكن ضم هذا اللفظ الى النص الكتابي, كلما كان ذلك طبيعي و مقبول في اي سياق. . صيغة الجمع "امم" يمكن ان تترجم ب "شعوب". . في بعض السياقات, هذا اللفظ قد يترجم ب "وثنيين" او غير اليهود".

أهّل, مؤهل

اللفظ "أهّل" تشير الى امتلاك الحق في الحصول على فوائد معينة او ان يكون معروفا بأنه يمتلك بعض المهارات. . الشخص "المؤهل" لعمل معين هو من يمتلك مهارات ضرورية و تدريب على هذا العمل. . في رسالته الى كنيسة اهل كولوسي, كتب الرسول بولس ان الله الآب جعل المؤمنين "مؤهلين" للمشاركة في ملكوته ملكوت النور. هذا ان الله اعطاهم كل ما يحتاجونه ليعيشوا حياة صالحة ترضي الله. . لا يمكن للمؤمن ان يكسب الحق ليصبح جزء من ملكوت الله. انه فقط مؤهل لان الله فداه بدم المسيح

اقتراحات الترجمة . على حسب السياق "مؤهل" يمكن ان تترجم ب, "مجهز" او "ماهر" او "ممكن". . ان "يؤهل" شخص ما يمكن ان تترجم بأن "يجهز" او "يمّكن" او "يقوي".

أوريا

اوريا هو رجل مستقيم و احد افضل جنود داود. يشار اليه عادة ب "اوريا الحثي". . كان لاوريا زوجة جميلة جدا اسمها بثشيبع. . ارتكب داود الزنى مع زوجة اوريا, و حملت بإبن داود. . لاخفاء هذه الخطية, جعل داود اوريا يقتل في المعركة. بعدها تزوج داود من بتشبع. . رجل اخر اسمه اوريا كان كاهنا خلال فترة حكم الملك آحاز.

أيقونية

أيقونية هي مدينة تقع جنوب وسط ما يسمى حاليا بتركيا. . بولس اثناء رحلته التبشيرية الاولى, ذهب هو و برنابا الى أيقونية بعد ان اجبرهم اليهود على الخروج من مدينة انطاكية. . ثم الغير المؤمنون من اليهود و الوثنيون في أيقونية رجموا بولس و مرافقيه, و لكنهم هربوا الى المدينة القريبة لسترة. . بعد هذا كل من اهل انطاكية و أيقونية جاؤوا الى ليسترة و اثاروا الشعب هناك ليرجموا بولس.

إبراهيم , أبرام

ابرام هو رجل كلداني من مدينة حور الذي اختير من طرف الله ليكون جدا للإسرائليين . الله غير اسمه الى "إبراهيم ".

. اسم "ابرام " يعني " اب لجمهور" . "ابراهيم" يعني , " اب لجماهير" . . الله وعد ابراهيم بان يكون اب لكثير من الابناء , و انه سيصبح امة عظيمة . . ابراهيم آمن بالله و أطاعه . قاد الله ابراهيم كي ينتقل من ارض الكلدانيين الى ارض كنعان . . بينما كان يعيش في أرض كنعان , و عندما كانا طاعنين في السن , إبراهيم و زوجته سارة انجبا ابن , إسحاق . .

إثم

اللفظ "إثم" هو كلمة شبيهة في المعنى للفظ "خطية". و لكن بأكثر دقة يشير الى أعمال واعية للاعتداء او شر عظيم. . الكلمة "إثم" المعنى الحرفي هو إلتواء او تشويه ( للشريعة). و يشير الى ظلم كبير. . "إثم" ممكن ان يوصف بأنه فعل مضر متعمد ضد الاخرين. . تعريفات اخرى للإثم تتضمن "فساد" و "فسق", و هما لفظان يصفان نتائج للخطية البغيضة.

اقتراحات الترجمة

. اللفظ "إثم" ممكن ان تترجم ب "شر" او "افعال منحرفة" او " افعال مضرة". . عادة, "إثم" تأتي في نفس النص مثل كلمة "خطية" و "معصية" فمن المهم ان يكون هناك طرق مختلفة لترجمة هذه الألفاظ

إحصاء

اللفظ "إحصاء" يشير الى الحساب الرسمي لعدد الشعب في الأمة او في الامبراطورية. . يسجل العهد القديم مرات مختلفة أمر فيها الله بأن يحصى رجال اسرائيل, مثلما حدث عندما غادر الاسرائيليون مصر, وايضا بعد ان دخلوا ارض كنعان. . غالبا ما تكون عملية الاحصاء بهدف معرفة عدد الناس الملزمين بدفع الضرائب. . مثلا, مرة في سفر الخروج احصي رجال اسرائيل وبهذا يكون على كل واحد دفع نصف شاقل للاعتناء بالهيكل. . عندما كان يسوع طفلا, الحكومة الرومانية امرت بإحصاء كل الشعب الذي يعيش في الامبراطورية, لكي تفرض عليهم دفع الضرائب.

اقتراحات الترجمة . طرق ممكنة لترجمة هذا اللفظ تتضمن, "تعداد الاسم" او "قائمة الاسماء" او " التسجيل". . العبارة "اخذ التعداد" ممكن ان تترجم ب, "تسجيل اسماء الناس" او "تسجيل الناس" او "كتابة اسماء الناس".

إستحسان(نعمة), مُرْضٍ, محاباة

اللفظ "نعمة" يشير الى عمل شيء ما يعتبر ايجابي لفائدة شخص ما. شيء "مرض" هو ايجابي, مصادق عليه, او مفيد. . اللفظ "محاباة" يعني ان يعمل بإنحياز اتجاه بعض الناس و لكن ليس لغيرهم. بإظهاره للناس الاغنياء و ذوي المقامات. . نما يسوع "في النعمة لدى" الله والناس. هذا يعني انهم موافقون على شخصيته و سلوكه. . التعبير "وجد إستحسانا" يعني ان شخصا ما تمت الموافقة عليه من طرف شخص اخر. . عندما يظهر الملك نعمة لشخص ما, فإن هذا عادة موافق على هذا الشخص و يمنحه إلتماسه.

اقتراحات الترجمة

. طرق اخرى لترجمة اللفظ "إستحسان" ممكن ان تشمل, "نعمة" او "فائدة". . "

إسحاق

اسحاق هو الابن الوحيد لابراهيم و سارة. وعد الله بأنه سيعطيهما ابنا رغم انهما كانا متقدمان جدا في السن. . الاسم "اسحاق" يعني "يضحك". عندما قال الله لابراهيم ان سارة ستنجب له ابنا, ضحك ابرايم لانهما كانا متقدمين جدا في السن. بعده بقليل, ضحكت سارة ايضا عند سماعها هذا الخبر. . لكن الله كان امينا في وعده و ولد اسحاق لابراهيم و سارة في سنهما المتقدمة. . قال الله لابراهيم ان العهد الذي ابرمه لابراهيم سوف يكون كذلك لاسحاق و نسله الى الابد. . عندما كبر اسحاق واصبح شابا, جرّب الله ايمان ابراهيم بأن طلب منه تقديم اسحاق ذبيحة له. . يعقوب ابن اسحاق انجب اثنى عشر ابنا اصبحوا فيما بعد العشائر الاثنى عشر لبني اسرائيل.

إقتدى, مقتدي

اللفظان "إقتدى" و "مقتدي" يشيران الى تقليد شخص اخر, و فعل ما يفعل هذا الشخص بالضبط. . المسيحيون مدعون ان يتمثلوا بيسوع المسيح في طاعة الله ومحبة بعضهم البعض, مثلما فعل يسوع. . طلب الرسول بولس من الكنيسة المبكرة ان تقتدي, مثلما يقتدي هو بالمسيح.

اقتراحات الترجمة

. اللفظ "اقتدى" ممكن ان تترجم ب, "فعل نفس الاشياء مثل" او "اتباع سيرته". . التعبير, "اقتدوا بالله" ممكن ان تترجم ب, "كونوا اناس يفعلون ما يفعله الله" او "كونوا اناسا يقومون بالاشياء التي يفعلها الله". . اصبحتم مقتدون بنا" ممكن ان تترجم ب, "انتم تتبعون سيرتنا" او "انتم تعملون نفس الاعمال الالهية التي رأيتمونا نعملها"

إقرار

المصطلح " اقرار" يعني إعطاء الإعتراف المناسب لشيء ما او لشخص ما . . ان نعترف بالله يتطلب ايضا التصرف بطريقة تبين ان ما يقوله صحيح .
. الشعب الذي يعترف بالله يظهر ذلك بالطاعة له , التي تجلب المجد لإسمه . . الإقرار بشيء ما يعني المصادقة على انه صحيح , حيث الأفعال و الكلمات تؤكد ذلك .

اقتراحات ترجمة

. في سياق الاقرار ان شيء ما صحيح , " الاقرار" يمكن ان يترجم ب " يعترف" او " يعلن" , او " يعترف بصحة" او " يؤمن" . . عند الاشارة الى الاعتراف بشخص ما , يمكن ترجمة هذا المصطلح على انه " مقبول" او" التعرف على قيمة " او "اخبر الاخرين بذلك" .

إلتقط, يلتقط

اللفظ "إلتقط" يعني السير عبر الحقل او البستان لجمع الحبوب المتبقية او الفاكهة التي تركها الحصادون وراءهم. . قال الله لبني اسرائيل ان يتركوا الارامل, الفقراء, و الاجانب يلتقطوا بقايا الحبوب بهدف ان يزودوا انفسهم بالطعام. . في بعض الاحيان صاحب الحقل يترك الملتقط يلتقط خلف الحصادين مباشرة, ليتمكن من جمع كمية اكبر من الحبوب. . مثال واضح على كيفية عمل هذا في قصة راعوث, التي سُمح لها ان تلتقط بكثرة خلف الحصادين في حقول قريبها بوعز. . طرق اخرى لترجمة "إلتقط" ممكن ان تكون, "رفع" او "جمع" او "تجميع".

إله زائف, إله أجنبي, إله, آلهة

الاله المزيف هو شيء يعبده الناس و كأنه إله حقيقي. اللفظ "آلهة" يشير على الخصوص الى انثى الإله المزيف. . هذه الالهة المزيفة غير موجودة. الرب فقط هو الاله الحي الحقيقي. . يصنع الناس في بعض الاحيان تماثيل اوثان لكي يعبدوها كرموز لآلهتهم المزيفة. . في الكتاب المقدس, في كثير من الاحيان شعب الله ابتعد عن طاعته لكي يعبد آلهة مزيفة. . عادة ما يخدع الشياطين الناس و يجعلنوهم يؤمنون بالالهة المزيفة و الاوثان هذه العبادة لديها سلطة. . بعل, داجون, و مولك هم ثلاثة من العديد من الالهة المزيفة التي عُبدت من طرف الشعوب في زمن الكتاب المقدس. . السواري و ارطاميس (ديانا) هما اثنان من الالهة التي عبدتها الشعوب القديمة.

اقتراحات الترجمة

. قد يكون هناك بالفعل كلمة ل "الله" او "اله مزيف" في اللغة او في اللغة الاقرب. . اللفظ "وثن" ممكن ان يستخدم للاشارة الى الالهة المزيفة. . في اللغة الانجليزية, الحرف الصغير "g" يستخدم للاشارة الى الالهة المزيفة, و الحرف الكبير "G" يستخدم للاشارة الى الله الحي الحقيقي. و هناك لغات اخرى تستخدم نفس الصيغة. . طريقة اخرى ممكن استخدام كلمة اخرى مخالفة تماما للكلمة التي تشير الى الالهة المزيفة. . بعض اللغات تستخدم كلمة خاصة للدلالة عما اذا كان الاله المزيف مؤنث او مذكر.

إلهي

اللفظ "إلهي" يشير الى اي شيء متعلق بالله. . بعض الطرق التي يستخدم فيها هذا اللفظ تتضمن, "سلطة إلهية", "قضاء إلهي", "طبيعة إلهية", "قوة إلهية", و "مجد إلهي". . في مقطع واحد فقط في الكتاب المقدس, اللفظ "إلهي" استخدم لوصف شيء خاص بإله مزيف.

اقتراحات الترجمة . طرق لترجمة اللفظ "إلهي" ممكن ان تشمل, "ل الله" او "من عند الله" او "متعلقة بالله" او "يتميز بها الله". . على سبيل المثال, " سلطة إلهية" ممكن ان تترجم ب "سلطة الله" او "السلطة التي تأتي من عند الله". . العبارة "مجد إلهي" ممكن ان تترجم ب "مجد الله" او "المجد الذي يملكه الله" او " المجد الذي يأتي من عند الله". . بعض الترجمات قد تفضل استخدام كلمات مختلفة لوصف شيء متعلق بإله مزيف.

إلياقيم

إلياقيم هو اسم رجلين من العهد القديم. . رجل اسمه إلياقيم كان مدير القصر تحت حكم الملك حزقيا. . رجل آخر اسمه إلياقيمكان ابن الملك حوزيا. و قد نصب ملكا على يهوذا من طرف فرعون مصر, نيشو. . غير نيشو اسم إلياقيم الى يهوياقيم.

إيزابل

ايزابل هي الزوجة الشريرة لاخاب ملك اسرائيل. . اثرت ايزابل على الملك اخاب و على بقية اسائيل لعبادة الاوثان. . و قتلت ايضا العديد من انبياء الله. . و تسببت ايزابل في موت رجل بريء اسمه نابوت ليتمكن اخاب من اخذ كرمه. . في النهاية قتلت نتيجة لكل الافعال الشريرة التي عملتها. تنبأ اليشع عن الطريقة التي ستقتل بها و قد تحقق تماما ما تنبأ به.

إيليا

إيليا كان واحد من اهم انبياء يهوذا. تنبأ إيليا خلال فترة حكم العديد من ملوك اسرائيل و يهوذا, بما فيهم الملك آخاب. . عمل الله الكثير من المعجزات على يد إيليا, من بينها إقامة شاب من الاموات و رجوع الحياة اليه. . وبّخ إيليا الملك آخاب لعبادته الاله لمزيف بعل. . و تحدى انبياء البعل بتجربة تثبت ان يهوه هو الاله الحي الحقيقي. . في نهاية حياة إيليا اخذه الله بطريقة معجزية الى السماء الذي لا يزال يعيش فيها الى الان. . بعد مئات السنين, تجلى ايليا مع موسى, و ظهروا مع يسوع على الجبل و تكلموا مع بعض حول آلام يسوع و موته في اورشليم.

ابتهج, مبتهج

اللفظين "ابتهج" و "مبتهج" يشير الى ان يكون سعيدا جدا بسبب نجاح او بركة خاصة. . ان "يبتهج" تتضمن الشعور بالاحتفال بشيء ما رائع. . اللفظ "مبتهج" ممكن ايضا ان يشمل ان يكون متفاخرا اثناء الاحساس بالسرور بسبب النجاح او الازدهار. . اللفظ "يبتهج" ممكن ان يترجم ايضا ب "يحتفل بسعادة تامة" او "يمدح بسعادة تامة". . على حسب السياق, اللفظ "مبتهج" ممكن ان يترجم ب, "مشيدا بإنتصار" او "الاحتفال مع المدح الذاتي" او "مغرور".

ابدي, سرمدي, الابدية

اللفظ "ابدي" و "سرمدي" لهما نفس المعنى و يشيران الى شيء ما موجود دائما او يبقى الى الابد. . اللفظ "ابدية" يشير الى كونه ليس له بداية ولا نهاية. ممكن ان يشير ايضا الى الحياة التي لا تنتهي ابدا. . بعد هذه الحياة الحالية على الارض, سوف يعيش البشر الى الابد اما في السماء مع الله او في الجحيم بعيدا عن الله. . اللفظين "حياة ابدية" و "حياة دائمة" استخدما في العهد الجديد للاشارة الى العيش الى الابد مع الله في السماء. . العبارة "من الازل و الى الابد" تحمل فكرة الزمن الذي لا ينتهي ابدا و تعبر عن ماذا تشبه الحياة الابدية.

اقتراحات الترجمة . طرق اخرى لترجمة "ابدي" او "سرمدي" ممكن ان تشمل, "بلا نهاية" او "لا تتوقف ابدا" او "مستمرة دائما". . اللفظين "حياة ابدية" و "حياة دائمة" ممكن ان تترجم ب "حياة لا تنتهي ابدا" او "حياة تستمر بدون توقف" او "قيامة اجسادنا لتحيا الى الابد". . على حسب السياق, طرق مختلفة لترجمة "ابدية" ممكن ان تشمل, "الوجود خارج الزمن" او "حياة غير منتهية" او "الحياة في السماء". . مع الاخذ بعين الاعتبار كيف ترجم هذا الفظ في الكتاب المقدس باللغة المحلية او اللغة الوطنية.

ابن, ابن ل

اللفظ "ابن" يشير الى علاقة الابن او الرجل بوالديه. و قد يشير اما الى نسل الشحص الذكر او الى الابن بالتبني. . "ابن" عادة ما يستخدم بشكل رمزي في الكتاب المقدس للاشارة الى اي نسل ذكر مثل الابن الاكبر او ابن الحفيد. . اللفظ "ابن" قد يستخدم كشكل من اشكال الاحترام عند مخاطبة الولد او الرجل الاصغر سنا. . في بعض الاحيان "ابناء الله" استخدمت في العهد الجديد للاشارة الى المؤمنين بيسوع. . دعى الله اسرائيل "ابنه البكر". و هذا يشير الى اختيار الله لامة اسرائيل لتكون شعبه الخاص. و من خلالهم اعلن فداء و خلاص الله, و نتيجة لذلك اصبحت العديد من الشعوب الاخرى ابناء الله الروحيين. . العبارة "ابن ل" عادة ما يكون لها معنى رمزي, "امتلاك صفاته" مثال على هذا يتضمن, "ابناء النور", "ابناء العصيان", "ابناء السلام", "ابني الرعد". . العبارة "ابن ل" تستخدم ايضا لتقول من هو ابو الشخص. تستخدم هذه العبارة في سلسلة الانساب و في اماكن اخرى عديدة. . استخدام العبارة "ابن ل" لإعطاء اسم الاب الذي عادة ما يستخدم للتمييز بين الاشخاص الذين يحملون نفس الاسم. مثال على ذلك, "احزيا ابن صادوق" و "احزيا ابن ناثان" في 1ملوك 4, و "احزيا ابن امصيا" في 2 ملوك 15 هم ثلاثة اشخاص مختلفون.

اقتراحات الترجمة . في الاستخدامات الاكثر شيوعا لهذا اللفظ, من الافضل ان يترجم "ابن" باستخدام اللفظ الحرفي في اللغة و الذي يشير الى ابن. . عند ترجمة اللفظ "ابن الله", في اللغة المستهدفة يجب استخدام اللفظ المشترك الذي يشير الى "ابن". . عندما تستخدم للاشارة الى النسل بدل الابن المباشر, يمكن استخدام اللفظ "نسل", مثل عندما تمت الاشارة الى يسوع على انه "نسل داود" او في سلسلة النسب اين يشار في بعض الاحيان ب "ابن" للدلالة على النسل الذكر, و ليس الابن الحالي. . احيانا "ابناء" يمكن ان تترجم ب "اولاد", عندما يُشار الى كل من الاناث و الذكور, على سبيل المثال, "ابناء الله" يمكن ان تترجم "اولاد الله" مادام هذا التعبير يشمل ايضا البنات و النساء. . التعبير الرمزي "ابن ل" يمكن ان يترجم ب "شخص لديه صفات شخص اخر" او "الشخص الذي يبدو مثل" او "الشخص الذي لديه" او "الشخص الذي يتصرف مثل".

ابن الانسان

اللقب, "ابن الانسان" تم استخدامه من طرف يسوع للاشارة الى نفسه. و هو عادة ما يستخدم هذا المصطلح بدلا من القول "انا". . في الكتاب المقدس, "ابن الانسان" يمكن ان يكون طريقة للاشارة او لمخاطبة الرجل. و يمكن ان يقصد بها ايضا "الكائن البشري". . في سفر العهد القديم حزقيال, في كل المرات كان الله يخاطب حزقيال ب "ابن الانسان". مثلا قال, "انت, يا ابن الانسان, تنبأ". . رأى النبي دانيال رؤيا ل "ابن انسان" آتيا في السحاب, اشارة الى مجيء المسيا. . يسوع ايضا قال ان ابن الانسان سوف يأتي يوما ما على السحاب. . هذه الاشارات الى ابن الاسان الآتي على السحاب تكشف ان يسوع المسيح هو الله.

اقتراحات الترجمة . اثناء استخدام يسوع اللفظ "ابن الانسان", يمكن ان يترجم هذا ب, "ذاك الذي اصبح كائنا بشريا" او "الانسان الآتي من السماء". . بعض الترجمات تضيف "انا" لهذا اللفظ.

ابن الله, الابن, ابن

اللفظ "ابن الله" يشير الى يسوع, الكلمة الذي جاء الى العالم كأنسان. و يشار اليه عادة ب "الابن". . ابن الله له نفس طبيعة الله الآب, و هو الله بالكامل. . الله الآب, الله الابن, الله الروح القدس كلهم جوهر واحد. . ليس كأبناء البشر, ابن الله كائن منذ الازل. . في البدء, كان ابن الله فعّالا في خلق العالم, مع الآب و الروح القدس. . لان يسوع هو ابن الله, يحب و يطيع الآب, و الآب يحبه.

اقتراحات الترجمة . بالنسبة لهذا اللفظ, " ابن الله", يكون افضل ترجمته "ابن" بنفس الكلمة التي تستخدم في اللغة المستهدفة للاشارة الى الابن البشري. . تأكد من الكلمة التي تستعمل لترجمة "ابن" تتماشى مع الكلمة التي تستخدم لترجمة "اب" و بأن هذين هما اللفظين الطبيعيين المستخدمان للتعبير عن علاقة الاب الابن في اللغة المستهدفة. . استخدام الحروف الكبيرة ل "ابن" قد تساعد لاظهار انه يقصد به الله. . العبارة "الابن" هو شكل مختصر ل "ابن الله", و خصوصا في نفس السياق ك "الآب".

ابناء الله

اللفظ"ابناء الله" هو تعبير رمزي يحمل العديد من المعاني المختلفة. . في العهد الجديد, اللفظ "ابناء الله" يشير الى كل المؤمنين بيسوع و عادة ما يترجم ب "اولاد الله" طالما يتضمن كل من الاناث و الذكور. . استخدام هذا اللفظ يتكلم عن العلاقة مع الله التي تشبه العلاقة بين الابن البشري و ابيه, بالاضافة الى كل الامتيازات المترتبة عن ذلك لوكنهم ابناء. . في سفر التكوين 6, بعضهم ترجم "ابناء الله" بالملائكة الساقطة, التي هي ارواح شريرة او شياطين. و اعتقد بعضهم الاخر انها قد تشير الى حكام سياسيين ذوي قوة او الى احفاد شيث. . اللقب, "ابن الله" هو لفظ مختلف, يشير الى يسوع, ابن الله الوحيد.

اقتراحات الترجمة . عندما يشير اللفظ "ابناء الله" الى المؤمنين بيسوع, يمكن ان يترجم ب, "اولاد الله". . طرق اخرى لترجمة "ابناء الله" يمكن ان تشمل, "ملائكة" او "كائنات روحية", او "شياطين", على حسب السياق.

ابولس

ابولس هو شخص يهودي من مدينة الاسكندرية في مصر الذي كان يملك مقدرة خاصة على تعليم الناس عن يسوع. . ابولس كان جد متعلم في الكتابات العبرية و كان متكلما موهوبا. . وكان قد تلقى توجيهات من عند اثنين من المسيحيين في افسس هما اكيلا و بريسكلا . اكد بولس انه هو و ابولس, و كذلك مبشرين اخرين و معلمين, جميعهم يعملون من اجل نفس الهدف و هو مساعدة الناس لكي يؤمنوا بيسوع.

ابيا

ابيا هو اسم ملك يهوذا الذي ملك في الفترة بين 915-913 ق م . و هو ابن الملك رحبعام . يوجد كذلك العديد من الاشخاص يحملون اسم ابيا في العهد القديم . . ابني صموئيل أبيا و يوئيل كانا قائدين على شعب اسرائيل في بئر سبع . و لان أبيا و اخيه كانا غير شريفين و جشعين , طلب الشعب من صموئيل ان ينصب لهم ملكا يحكمهم بدلا من ذلك . هناك ابيا آخر وهو احد كهنة الهيكل في فترة حكم الملك داوود . . ابيا كان اسم احد ابناء الملك يربعام . . ابيا كان كذلك اسم رئيس الكهنة الذي رجع مع زروبابل الى اورشليم من السبي البابلي .

ابياثار

ابياثار كان رئيس الكهنة لشعب اسرائيل خلال فترة حكم الملك داوود . . عندما قتل الملك شاول الكهنة , هرب ابياثار وإلتحق بداوود في البرية . . ابياثار و رئيس كهنة اخر اسمه صادوق خدما داوود بكل إخلاص طوال فترة ملكه . . بعد موت داوود, ابياثار ساعد ادونيا في محاولته ان يصبح ملكا بدل سليمان . . من اجل هذا , عزل الملك سليمان ابياثار من الكهنوت . ( انظر ايضا : صادوق .شاول (ع ق)

ابيمالك

ابيمالك كان ملك فلسطين في منطقة جرار خلال الفترة التي كان فيها ابراهيم و اسحاق يعيشان في ارض كنعان . . ابراهيم خدع الملك ابيمالك باخباره ان ساره هي اخته و ليست زوجته. . ابراهيم وابيمالك ابرما اتفاقية بشأن ملكية الآبار في بئرسبع. . سنوات قليلة فيما بعد اسحاق كذلك خدع ابيمالك و رجل آخر من جرار بقوله ان رفقة هي اخته و ليست زوجته . . الملك ابيمالك وبخ ابراهيم وكذلك اسحاق لانهما كذبا عليه . . رجل آخر يحمل اسم ابيمالك هو ابن جدعون و اخ يوثام . بعض الترجمات قد تستخدم تهجئة مختلفة عن اسمه وذلك للتمييز انه شخص آخر غير الملك ابيمالك .

اثم, آثم

اللفظ "اثم" يشير الى حقيقة فعل الخطيئة او ارتكاب جريمة. . ان "يكون آثما" يعني ان يعمل شيئا ما خاطيء اخلاقيا, و هذا, بعصيان الله. . عكس "آثم" هو "بريء".

اقتراحات الترجمة

. بعض اللغات ربما تترجم "إثم" ب "وزن الخطيئة" او "حساب الخطيئة". . طرق لترجمة "ان يكون آثما" ممكن ان تشمل كلمة او عبارة يكون معناها, "ان يكون في خطأ" او "عمل شيئا ما خاطيء اخلاقيا" او "ارتكبت خطية". . امثلة ULB : يزيل إثم خطيئتك, يزيل إثمك, ذبيحة إثم, يعاقب اثمك, اثم القتل لا يلتصق به,يحمل اثم نفسه, يمحو اثامه, يكون في اثم عظيم, اثامنا وصلت الى السماوات,

اثيوبيا, اثيوبي

اثيوبيا هي بلد في افريقيا تقع بالتحديد جنوب مصر, يحدها نهر النيل من الغرب و البحر الاحمر من الشرق. الشخص الذي ينحدر من اثيوبيا يدعى "اثيوبي". . اثيوبيا القديمة تقع جنوب مصر وتشمل الاراضي التي هي حاليا جزء من العديد من البلدان الافريقية, مثل السودان, اثيوبيا الحالية, الصومال, كينيا, اوغاندا, جمهورية افريقيا الوسطى, والتشاد. . في الكتاب المقدس, تسمى اثيوبيا احيانا ب "كوش" او "نوبيا". . دول اثيوبيا (كوش) و مصر عادة ما يتم ذكرهما مع بعض في الكتاب المقدس, ربما لانهما تقعان بجوار بعضهما و لدي شعبيهما نفس الاباء. . بعث الله فيليبس المبشر الى الصحراء اين شارك الاخبار السارة الخاصة بيسوع مع الخصي الحبشي.

اجتياح, اجتاح

اللفظين "اجتاح" و اجتياح" غالبا ما يشيران الى حركة واسعة لازالة الاوساخ باستخدام مكنسة او فرشاة. تستخدم هذه الالفاظ بطريقة رمزية ايضا. . اللفظ "اجتاح" يستخدم رمزيا ليصف كيف يهاجم جيش بحركات قوية, محددة. . على سبيل المثال, تنبأ حزقيال ان الاشوريون سوف "يجتاحون" مملكة يهوذا. هذا يعني سوف يدمرون يهوذا و يقومون بسبي سكانها. . اللفظ "اجتاح" قد يستخدم ايضا لوصف الطريقة التي تتدفق بها المياه بسرعة فتجر الاشياء و تدفعها بعيدا و بقوة. . ان " يجتاح" شيء ما الشخص يعني ان اشياء صعبة و تفوق الاحتمال حدثت له.

اجنبي, غريب, دخيل

اللفظ "اجنبي" يشير الى الشخص الذي يعيش في بلد ليس بلده. اسم أخر للاجنبي هو "الدخيل". . في العهد القديم, يشير هذا اللفظ بالخصوص الى اي شخص الذي ينحدر من شعب مختلف ليعيش وسط شعب اخر. . الاجنبي هو ايضا الشخص الذي لغته و ثقافته تختلف عن لغتك و ثقافتك. . على سبيل المثال, عندما سافرت نعمي هي وعائلتها الى موآب, و تغربوا هناك . و عندما رجعت نعمي مع كنتها راعوث فيما بعد الى اسرائيل, دعيت راعوث "اجنبية" هناك لانها لم تكن في الاصل من بني اسرائيل. . قال الرسول بولس لاهل افسس انهم قبل ان يعرفوا المسيح, كانوا غرباء عن عهود الله. .في بعض الاحيان "اجنبي" تترجم ب "غريب" , لكن لا يجب ان تشير الى شخص ليس من العائلة او مجهول.

احزيا

احزيا هو اسم يحمله ملكين: احدهما ملك على مملكة اسرائيل, و الاخر ملك على ممملكة يهوذا.

. ملك يهوذا احزيا كان ابن الملك يحورام. ملك لمدة سنة واحدة (841 ق م) و عندما قتل علي يد ياهو. اصبح ابن احزيا الصغير يوآش ملكا عوضا عن ابيه. . ملك اسرائيل احزيا كان ابن الملك اخاب. و ملك لمدة سنتين (850 ق م الى 849 ق م)ز توفي بعد ان عانى من الاصابات اثر سقوطه تاركا مكانه لاخوه يورام الذي اصبح ملك.

احشويروش

احشويروش هو الملك الذي حكم قديما مملكة فارس لمدة دامت عشرون سنة.

. حدث هذا خلال فترة سبي اليهود الذين عاشوا في بابل. التي كانت تحت الحكم الفارسي. .ممكن ان يكون لهذا الملك اسم اخر هو هركسوس. . بعد عزل زوجته الملكة في لحظة غضب, الملك احشويروش اختار فيما بعد فتاة يهودية اسمها استير لتكون زوجته الجديدة و الملكة في نفس الوقت.

احمق, جاهل, حماقة

اللفظ "احمق" يشير الى الشخص الذي عادة ما يقوم بإختيارات خاطئة, و خصوصا اختيار عدم الطاعة. اللفظ "احمق" يصف الشخص او السلوك الغير حكيم. . في الكتاب المقدس, اللفظ "جاهل" عادة يشير الى الشخص الذي لا يؤمن و لا يطيع الله. هذا عادة في مقابلة الشخص الحكيم, الذي يثق في الله و يطيعه. . في سفر المزامير, يصف داود الرجل الجاهل كشخص لا يؤمن بالله, الذي يتجاهل وجود الله رغم كل الادلة الموجودة في الخليقة. . سفر الامثال في الكتاب المقدس ايضا يقدم العديد من الاوصاف للجاهل, او الشخص الاحمق و كيف يبدو. . اللفظ "حماقة" يشير الى فعل ليس حكيم لانه ضد ارادة الله. عادة "حماقة" تتضمن كذلك معنى شيئا سخيفا و خطيرا.

اقتراحات الترجمة

. اللفظ "احمق" ممكن ان يترجم ب, "شخص احمق" او "شخص غير حكيم" او "شخص تافه" او "شخص فاجر". . طرق لترجمة "حماقة" ممكن ان تشمل, "الافتقارالى الفهم" او "عدم الحكمة" او "تفاهة".

اخ

اللفظ "اخ" عادة يشير الى الشخص الذكر الذي يتشارك مع شخص اخر في الابوين البيولوجيين. . في العهد القديم, اللفظ "اخوة"يستخدم كذلك بصفة عامة للاقارب, مثل اعضاء نفس العشيرة, الفرقة, الشعب. . في العهد الجديد,استخدم كذلك الرسل "اخوة" للاشارة الى الاتباع المسيحيين, يشمل كل من الرجال والنساء, لانهم مؤمنون بالمسيح فهم اعضاء في عائلة روحية واحدة, و الله هو ابوهم السماوي. . عدة مرات في العهد الجديد, استخدم الرسل اللفظ "الاخت" عند الاشارة بالخصوص الى مؤمنة تابعة امرأة, او للمصادقة على ان كل من الرجال و النساء سواء.مثلا, يعقوب يصادق على هذا عندما يتكلم الى كل المؤمنين و عندما يشير الى "الاخ او الاخت التي في احتياج للطعام و اللباس".

اقتراحات الترجمة . من الافضل ترجمة هذا اللفظ ترجمة حرفية بالكلمة المستخدمة في اللغة المستهدفة للاشارة الى الاخ الطبيعي او البيولوجي, ما عدا اذا كان يعطي معنى خاطيء. . بصفة خاصة في العهد القديم, عندما يستخدم اللفظ "اخوة" بصفة عامة يشير الى اعضاء نفس العائلة, العشيرة, او الشعب, كل الترجمات الممكنة تتضمن, "اقارب" او "اعضاء العشيرة" او "اخوانه الاسرائيليين". . في السياق الذي يشير الى المؤمنين الذين يتبعون المسيح, هذا اللفظ ممكن ان يترجم ب, "اخوة في المسيح" او " اخوة روحيين". . كلاهما الاناث و الذكور يمكن الاشارة اليهم "اخ" الذي يمكن ان يعطي معنى خاطيء, يمكن استخدام لفظ اكثر تقريبا للمعنى ويشمل كلاهما الاناث والذكور. . طرق اخرى لترجمة هذا اللفظ اذا كان يشير الى كل من الاناث والذكور من المؤمنين ممكن ان يكون, "المؤمنون الاتباع" او " الاخوة والاخوات في المسيح". . تأكد من فحص السياق للتعرف اذا كان يقصد فقط الرجال, او يقصد كلاهما الرجال والنساء مع بعض.

اخبار الايام

اللفظ "أخبار الايام" يشير الى كتابة سجل عن الاحداث خلال فترة زمنية. . اثنين من اسفار العهد القديم سميا "اخبار الايام الاول" و " اخبار الايام الثاني". . اسفار " اخبار الايام" تسجل جزء من تاريخ شعب اسرائيل, يبدأ بأسماء كل الاشخاص في كل جيل من الاجيال بداية من ادم. . سفر "اخبار الايام الاول" يسجل نهاية حياة الملك شاول و احداث حكم الملك داود. . سفر "اخبار الايام الثاني" يسجل فترة حكم الملك سليمان و العديد من الملوك الاخرين, بما فيه بناء الهيكل و انقسام المملكة الشمالية لاسرائيل عن المملكة الجنوبية يهوذا. . في نهاية السفرين يصف بداية السبي البابلي.

اخبار سارة, بِشارة

اللفظ "بِشارة" حرفيا يعني "اخبار طيبة" وتشير الى رسالة او اعلان يخبر الناس شيئا يهمهم و يجعلهم مسرورون. . في الكتاب المقدس, يشير هذا اللفظ عادة الى الرسالة الخاصة بخلاص الله للبشرية من خلال ذبيحة يسوع على الصليب. . في معظم الترجمات الانجليزية للكتاب المقدس, "الاخبار السارة" تترجم عادة ب "بِشارة" و تستخدم ايضا في جملة مثل, "بشارة يسوع المسيح", او "بشارة الله" و "بشارة الملكوت".

اقتراحات الترجمة

. طرق مختلفة لترجمة اللفظ يمكن ان تشمل, "رسالة سارة" او "اعلان سار" او "رسالة الله للخلاص" او "الاشياء السارة و التعاليم الخاصة بيسوع". . على حسب السياق, طرق ترجمة العبارة, "الاخبار السارة عن "ممكن ان تشمل, "اخبار سارة/رسالة بخصوص" او "اخبار سارة من عند" او "الاشياء السارة التي يخبرنا بها الله بخصوص" او "ما يقوله الله بخصوص كيفية خلاص البشر".

اخت

الاخت هي انثى تشترك مع شخص اخر في الابوين الطبيعيين. . في العهد الجديد, "اخت" تستخدم رمزيا للاشارة الى المرأة التي تؤمن بيسوع المسيح. . احيانا العبارة, "اخوة و اخوات" تستخدم للاشارة الى المؤمنين بالمسيح, كل من النساء و الرجال. . في سفر العهد القديم, نشيد الانشاد, "اخت" يشير الى الحبيبة او الزوجة.

اقتراحات الترجمة . من المستحسن ترجمة هذا اللفظ بالكلمة الحرفية التي تستخدم في اللغة المستهدفة للاشارة الى الاخت الطبيعة, ما لم يعطي معنى خاطيء. . طرق اخرى لترجمة هذا قد تشمل, "اخت في المسيح" او "اخت روحية" او "المرأة التي تؤمن بالمسيح" او "المراة المؤمنة". . يكون افضل لو استخدم اللفظ المعتاد داخل الاسرة. . اذا كانت اللغة تحتوي على لفظ في صيغة المؤنث ل "مؤمنة", قد يكون طريقة ممكنة لترجمة هذا اللفظ. . عندما يشير الى الحبيبة او الزوجة, يمكن ترجمة هذا بإستخدام صيغة المؤنث ل "الحبيبة" او "العزيزة".

اختبار

اللفظ "اختبار" يشير الى التجربة الصعبة و المؤلمة التي تكشف عن مواطن القوة و الضعف لشخص ما. . يختبر الله الناس, لكن لا يجربهم. بينما يجرب الشيطان الناس لكي يخطؤوا. . يستخدم الله الاختبارات في بعض الاحيان ليكشف خطية الناس. الاختبار يساعد الشخص ان يبتعد عن الخطية و ان يقترب الى الله. . الذهب و المعادن الاخرى تختبر بالنار لمعرفة مدى نقاءها و قوتها. و هي صورة عن كيفية استخدام الله للضروف المؤلمة لاختبار شعبه. . "يختبر" قد تعني, "يتحدى شيئا او شخصا ليثبت قيمته". . في سياق وضع الله في الاختبار, تعني البقاء على عصيانه, و الاستفادة من رحمته. . قال يسوع للشيطان من الخطأ ان تختبر الله. هو القدير القدوس المتسلط على كل شيء و كل شخص.

اقتراحات الترجمة . اللفظ "يختبر" يمكن ان يترجم ب, "يتحدى" او "يسبب اختبار صعوبات" او "يجرّب". . طرق لترجمة "اختبار" قد تشمل, "تحدي" او "تجربة صعبة". . ان "يضع في تجربة" يمكن ان تترجم ب "يختبر" او "ان يقيم تحديا" او "يُرغم على اثبات ذاته". . في سياق اختبار الله, قد يترجم هذا ب, "محاولة اجبار الله على اثبات حبه". . في بعض السياقات, اللفظ "اختبار" قد يعني "جرّب".

ادوم, ادومي, ادومية

ادوم هو الاسم الاخر لعيسو. المنطقة التي عاش فيها اصبحت معروفة ايضا بإسم "ادوم" فيما بعد اصبحت " ادومية" ال "ادوميون " هم ذريته. . عبر الزمن غيرت منطقة ادوم موقعها. و تومقعت اكثر في منطقة شرق اسرائيل ثم بعد ذلك امتدت الى شرق يهوذا. . خلال زمن العهد الجديد, غطت ادوم نصف الجزء الشرقي لملكة يهوذا. و سماها اليونانيون "ادومية". . الاسم "ادوم" يعني "احمر", الذي من الممكن انه يشير الى حقيقة ان عيسو كان مغطى بشعر احمر عند ولادته. او قد يشير الى العدس الاحمر الذي باع عيسو بكوريته من اجله. . في العهد القديم, بلاد ادوم ذُكرت على انها عدو لاسرائيل. . سفر عوبديا بأكمله يدور حول خراب ادوم. انبياء اخرون في العهد القديم ايضا تنبأوا بنبوؤات سلبية ضد ادوم.

ارادة الله

"ارادة الله" تشير الى رغبات الله و خططه. . تتعلق ارادة الله بشكل خاص بتفاعلاته مع الناس و كيف يريد ان يستجيب له الناس. . و هي ايضا تشير الى خططه او رغباته لكل خليقته. . اللفظ "يريد" يعني "يحدد" او "يرغب".

اقتراحات الترجمة . "ارادة الله" يمكن ان تترجم ب, "مايرغب فيه الله" او "ما خططه الله" او "ما قصده" او " ماهو مرضي لديه".

اراقة الدماء

اللفظ "اراقة الدماء" يشير الى موت الكائنات البشرية بسبب القتل, الحرب, او اي فعل اخر عنيف. . هذا اللفظ لغويا يعني "سفك الدم", الذي يشيرالى خروج الدم من جسم شخص عن طريق جرح مفتوح. . اللفظ "اراقة الدماء" غالبا ما تستعمل للاشارة الى قتل كثير للناس. . و يستعمل كذلك بصفة عامة للاشارة الى خطيئة القتل.

اقتراحات الترجمة

. " اراقة الدماء" ممكن ان تترجم ب, "قتل الناس"او "الكثير من الناس الذين قتلوا". . "من خلال اراقة الدماء" ممكن ان تترجم ب, "بقتل الناس". . "اراقة دم بريء" ممكن ان تترجم ب, "قتل اناس ابرياء". . "اراقة الدماء يتبعها اراقة الدماء" ممكن ان تترجم ب, "استمروا في قتل الناس" او "قتل الناس يطول ويطول" او "لقد قتلوا الكثير من الناس و لا زالوا يفعلون ذلك" او " الناس مستمرون في قتل اناس اخرين". .استعمال مجازي اخر, "اراقة الدماء سوف تلاحقك" ممكن ان تترجم ب, "ان شعبك سوف يستمر في اختبار سفك الدماء" او "شعبك سوف يستمر بالقتل" او "سوف يستمر شعبك في الحرب مع امم اخرى و ان شعبك سيستمر في الموت".

ارتحششتا

ارتحششتا هو الملك الذي حكم الامبراطورية الفارسية في الفترة ما بين 464 الى 424 ق م . . خلال حكم ارتحششتا اخذ بني اسرائيل من يهوذا الى السبي البابلي, التي كانت تحت السيطرة الفارسية انذاك. . ارتحششتا سمح لعزرا الكاهن و بعض القادة اليهود الاخرين ان يتركوا بابل ويرجعوا الى اورشليم لكي يعلموا بني اسرائيل شريعة الله. . خلال هذا الوقت ارتحششتا سمح كذلك لحامل كأسه نحميا بالرجوع الى اورشليم ليقود اليهود في بناء الاسوار التي تحيط بالمدينة. . و لان بابل كانت تحت حكم فارس, في بعض الاحيان ارتحششتا كان يلقب ب "ملك بابل". . ملاحظة ان ارتحششتا ليس هو نفس الشخص المسمى زركسيس (احشيوروش).

ارتعش

اللفظ "ارتعش" يعني الزعزعة او الارتعاش من الخوف او من الحزن الشديد. . يستخدم هذا اللفظ ايضا بطريقة رمزية ليقصد به "يكون خائفا جدا". . في بعض الاحيان الكلمة "يرتعش" تشير الى اهتزاز الارض بسبب الضوضاء العالية جدا. . يقول الكتاب المقدس ان الارض ترتعش من حضور الرب. قد يعني هذا ان سكان الارض سوف يهتزون خوفا من الله حتى ان الارض نفسها ستهتز. . يمكن ان يترجم هذا اللفظ ب, "خشي" او "خوف الله" او "اهتزاز"و على حسب السياق.

ارجواني

اللفظ "ارجواني" هو اسم اللون الذي ينتج من مزج اللونين الازرق و الاحمر. . في العصور القديمة, كان الارجوان نادرا و ثمينا و هو لون صبغة تستخدم لتلوين لباس الملوك و غيرهم من الضباط ذوي المكانة. . و لانه مكلف و يستغرق الكثير من الوقت لانتاج هذه الصبغة, تعتبر الملابس القرمزية كرمز للثراء, التميز, و الملَكية. . الارجواني هو احد الالوان التي استخدمت لستائر خيمة الاجتماع و الهيكل, و كذلك للافود الذي يلبسه الكهنة. . يستخرج صبغ الارجوان من نوع من القواقع البحرية اما عن طريق سحق او غلي القواقع او عن طريق اطلاق الصبغة بينما لا تزال القواقع حية. و هي عملية مكلفة. . البس الجنود الرومان يسوع رداءا ارجوانيا قبل صلبه بقليل, و سخروا منه و لقبوه بملك اليهود. . ليديا من مدينة فيليبي كانت امرأة تكسب معيشتها من خلال بيع الملابس الارجوانية.

ارض, ارضي

اللفظ "ارض" يشير الى العالم الذي يعيش عليه البشر, بالاضافة الى كل الاشكال الاخرى للحياة. . "الارض" ممكن ان تشير ايضا الى سطح الارض او التربة التي تغطي الارض. . هذا اللفظ عادة يستخدم مجازيا للاشارة الى الاشخاص الذين يعيشون على سطح الارض. . التعبيرات, "لتبتهج الارض" او "سوف يدين الارض" هما مثالان على الاستعمال المجازي لهذين اللفظين. . اللفظ "ارضي" عادة يشير الى الاشياء المادية في المقابلة مع الاشياء الروحية.

اقتراحات الترجمة . هذا اللفظ ممكن ان يترجم بكلمة او عبارة في اللغة المحلية او اللغة الوطنية الاقرب تستخدم للاشارة لكوكب الارض الذي نعيش عليه. . على حسب السياق, "ارض" ممكن ان تترجم ب, "عالم" او "بلاد" او "تراب" او "تربة". . عندما تستخدم مجازيا, "ارض" ممكن ان تترجم ب, "الناس الذين في الارض" او " الناس الذين يعيشون على الارض" او "كل شيء على الارض". . طرق لترجمة "ارضي" ممكن ان تشمل, "مادي" او "الاشياء التي في الارض" او "مرئي".

ارض الموعد

اللفظ "ارض الموعد" يوجد فقط في قصص الكتاب المقدس و ليس في النص الكتابي. و هي طريقة بديلة عن الاشارة الى ارض كنعان التي وعد الله ان يعطيها لابراهيم و نسله. . عندما كان ابرام يسكن في مدينة اور, طلب الله منه ان يذهب و يسكن في ارض كنعان. هو و نسله , بني اسرائيل, عاشوا هناك لسنوات طويلة. . و عندما حدثت مجاعة واصبح الطعام قليلا هناك, انتقل بنو اسرائيل الى مصر. . بعد اربعمئة سنة, انقذ الله بني اسرائيل من العبودية في مصر و اعادهم مرة اخرى الى كنعان, الارض التي وعد الله ان يعطيها لهم.

اقتراحات الترجمة . اللفظ "ارض الموعد" يمكن ترجمته ب "الارض التي قال الله انه سيعطيها لابراهيم" او " الارض التي وعد الله بها ابراهيم" او "الارض التي وعد بها الله شعبه" او "ارض كنعان". . في النص الكتابي في الكتاب المقدس, يوجد هذا اللفظ في بعض الاشكال ل, "الارض التي وعد بها الله".

ارميا

ارميا هو نبي الله في مملكة يهوذا. سفر العهد القديم ارميا يحتوي على نبوؤاته. . مثل اغلبية الانبياء, حذر ارميا شعب اسرائيل بأن الله سوف يعاقبهم من اجل خطاياهم. . تنبأ ارميا بأن البابليين سوف تستولي على اورشليم, الشيء الذي اغضب شعب يهوذا. لهذا قاموا برميه في بئر مظلم عميق و تركوه هناك ليموت. لكن ملك يهوذا امر خدامه بإخراج ارميا من البئر. . كتب ارميا انه تمنى لو كانت عيناه "ينبوع ماء" ليعبر عن حزنه العميق على تمرد شعبه و معاناته.

اريحا

اريحا هي المدينة القوية في بلاد كنعان. و تقع بالضبط غرب نهر الاردن و شمال بحر الملح. . مثل كل الكنعانيين, شعب اريحا عبد الالهة الزائفة. . اريحا كانت اول ارض من بلاد كنعان التي طلب الله من الاسرائيليين غزوها. . عندما قاد يشوع الاسرائيليين ضد اريحا, عمل الله معجزة عظيمة لمساعدتهم للتغلب على المدينة.

ازدرى, ازدراء

اللفظ "ازدرى" يشير الى احتقار عميق و عدم تقدير الذي يظهر نحو شيء ما او شخص ما. الشيء الذي يحتقر الى حد كبير يسمى "مزدرى". . الشخص او السلوك الذي يظهر عدم احترام نحو الله ايضا يدعى "مزدرى" و ممكن ان يترجم ب "عدم احترام الى حد كبير" او "عدم التقدير الكلي" او "يستحق الاحتقار". . "تمسك بإحتقار" يعني اعتبار شخص ما اقل قيمة او ان يحكم على شخص ما بإعتباره اقل قيمة من نفسه. . التعبيرات التالية لها نفس المعنى: "عنده ازدراء ل" او "يظهر إزدراء ل" او "هو في إزدراء ل" او "يعامل بإزدراء". كل هذا يعني "عدم الاحترام الشديد" او "الاحتقار الشديد" لشيء ما او لشخص ما بما يقوله او بما يفعله. . عندما اخطأ الملك داود بارتكابه الزنى و القتل, قال الله بأن داود ""قد اظهر ازدراءا ل " الرب. هذا يعني انه لم يحترم الرب و احتقره بفعله هذا.

ازدهر, ازدهار, مزدهر

اللفظ "ازدهر" يشير عموما الى العيش بشكل جيد و قد يشير الى الازدهار الجسدي او الروحي. عندما تكون الشعوب او البلدان "مزدهرة", هذا يعني انهم اثرياء و لديهم كل مقومات النجاح. انهم يختبرون "الازدهار". . اللفظ "مزدهر" عادة ما يشير الى النجاح في امتلاك المال و الممتلكات او في انتاج كل ما يحتاجه الناس لكي يعيشوا معيشة جيدة. . في الكتاب المقدس, اللفظ "مزدهر" يتضمن ايضا الصحة الجيدة و ان يكون مباركا بانجاب البنون. . مدينة او بلد "مزدهر" هي تلك التي فيها الكثير من الناس, و انتاج جيد للطعام, و تجارة تجلب مالا وفيرا. . يعلم الكتاب المقدس ان الانسان يكون مزدهرا روحيا عندما يطيع وصايا الله و يسلك حسب طرقه. . على حسب السياق, اللفظ "مزدهر" يمكن ان يترجم ب "ناجح روحيا" او "ان يكون مباركا من الله" او "يختبر اشياء جيدة" او "يعيش معيشة جيدة". . اللفظ "مزدهر" يمكن ان تترجم ب "ناجح" او "ثري" او مثمر روحيا". . "ازدهار" يمكن ان تترجم ب, "رفاهية" او "ثروة" او "نجاح" او "بركات وفيرة".

اساس, أسس

الفعل "أسس" يعني ان يكون مبني فوق او مرتكز على شيء ما. الاساس هو القاعدة التي يُبنى عليها شيء ما. . اساس البيت او البناية يجب ان تكون قوية و متينة بهدف احتمال البناء كله. . اللفظ "اساس" ممكن ان يشير ايضا الى بداية شيء ما او الى الوقت الذي تكون فيه شيء ما اول مرة. . في المعنى المجازي, المؤمنون بالمسيح يشبهوا بالبناء المؤسس على تعاليم الرسل و الانبياء, بالمسيح نفسه الذي هو حجر الزاوية في البناء. . "حجر الاساس" هو الحجر الذي وُضع كجزء من الاساس. هذه الحجارة التي تم التأكد من قوتها لكي تكون قادرة على تحمل البناء كاملا.

اقتراحات الترجمة

. العبارة "قبل تأسيس العالم" ممكن ان تترجم ب "قبل خلق العالم" او " قبل الزمن الذي تكون فيه العالم اول مرة" او "قبل ان يتكون اي شيء في البداية". . اللفظ "مؤسس على" ممكن ان يترجم ب "مبني بشكل آمن على" او "مؤسس قطعا على". . على حسب السياق, "اساس" ممكن ان تترجم ب "قاعدة قوية" او "حامل متين" او "بداية" او "خلق".

استعبد, في العبودية

"استعبد" شخصا ما يعني اجبار هذا الشخص على خدمة السيد او حاكم البلاد. ان "يستعبد" او "يؤخذ للعبودية" يعني ان يكون تحت سيطرة شيء ما او شخص ما. . الشخص المستعبد او الذي في عبودية هو الذي يخدم الاخرين بدون اي اجر, انه ليس حر لكي يعمل ما يريد. . ان "يستعبد" ايضا تعني ان تسلب منه حريته. . بالمعنى المجازي, البشر هم "عبيد" للخطية الى ان حررهم يسوع من سيطرتها عليهم و قوتها. . عندما ينال الشخص الحياة الجديدة في المسيح, يتوقف عن كونه عبد للخطية و يصبح عبد للصلاح.

اقتراحات الترجمة . اللفظ "استعبد" ممكن ان يترجم ب "يجعله غير حر" او "يجبره على خدمة الاخرين" او "يضعه تحت سيطرة الاخرين". . العبارة "مستعبد ل" او "في عبودية ل "ممكن ان تترجم ب "مجبر ان يكون عبد ل" او " مجبر على خدمة" او "تحت سيطرة كذا".

استعلم

اللفظ "استعلم" يعني ان يسأل شخصا ما عن معلومة. التعبير "يستعلم عن" عادة تستخدم للاشارة عن طلب الحكمة او المساعدة من الله. . يسجل العهد القديم العديد من الامثلة اين يستعلم الناس من الله. . اللفظ قد يستخدم ايضا لملك او حكومة رسمية تعمل بحث من خلال سجل رسمي مكتوب. . على حسب السياق, "استعلم" ممكن ان تترجم ب "سأل" او "سأل من اجل معلومة". . التعبير "استعلم من الرب" ممكن ان تترجم ب "سأل توجيه من عند الرب" او "يسأل الرب عن ماذا يفعل". . "ان يستعلم حول" شيء ما ممكن ان يترجم ب "يسأل سؤال بخصوص" او " يسأل عن معلومة بخصوص". . عندما يقول الرب, " لن تستعلم مني" هذا ممكن ان يترجم ب, "لن اسمح لك ان تسألني عن معلومات" او "لن يكون مسموحا لك ان تطلب مني المساعدة".

استفز

اللفظ "استفز" يعني ان يتسبب لشخص ما في اختبار ردة فعل او احساس سلبي. . ان يستفز غضب شخص ما يعني ان يفعل شيء يتسبب لهذا الشخص في الغضب.قد يترجم هذا ب "يجعله غاضبا" او "يُغضب". . عندما تستخدم في عبارة مثل, "لا تستفزه", يمكن ترجمة هذا ب, "لا تغضبه" او "لا تثير غضبه" او "لا تجعله يغضب منك".

استقامة

اللفظ "استقامة" يشير الى ان يكون نزيه, مع مباديء اخلاقية و سلوك اخلاقي. . ان يسلك بأستقامة ايضا يعني اختيار القيام بما هو نزيه و حق حتى وان لم يكن يراه احد. . بعض الشخصيات في الكتاب المقدس, مثل يوسف ودانيال, اختاروا الاستقامة عندما رفضوا ان يقوموا بأشياء شريرة و اختاروا ان يطيعوا الله. . سفر الامثال بقول انه من الافضل ان يكون فقير و يملك استقامة من ان يكون غني و فاسد او غير امين.

اقتراحات الترجمة

. اللفظ "استقامة" ممكن ان يترجم ايضا ب, "نزاهة" او "استقامة اخلاق" او "السلوك بالحق" او "جدير بالثقة, بطريقة صادقة".

استهلك

اللفظ "استهلك" حرفيا يعني استخدام شيء ما. و له العديد من المعاني المجازية. . في الكتاب المقدس, الكلمة "استهلك" عادة ما تشير الى إبادة الاشياء او الشعوب. . نقول ان النار تلتهم الاشياء, بالمعنى انها تدمرها بالحرق. . وُصف الله على انه "نار آكلة" الذي هو وصف لغضبه ضد الخطية. يتنج عن غضبه عقاب رهيب للخطاة الذين لم يتوبوا. . استهلاك الطعام يعني اكل او شرب شيء ما. . العبارة, "تستهلك الارض" ممكن ان تترجم ب "دمر الارض".

اقتراحات الترجمة
. في سياق استهلاك الارض او الشعب, هذا اللفظ ممكن ان يترجم ب "تدمير". . عندما يُشار الى النار, انها "تستهلك" ممكن ان يترجم ب "يحرق". . العليقة المشتعلة التي رآها موسى "لم تكن تشتعل" ممكن ان تترجم ب, "لم تكن تحترق" او "لم تحترق". . عندما يشار الى الاكل, "يستهلك" ممكن ان تترجم ب "اكل" او "إلتهم". . اذا ما "استهلكت" قوة شخص ما, هذا يعني ان قوته "تم استخدامها" او "ذهبت قوته". . العبارة, "الله هو نار آكلة" ممكن ان تترجم ب, "الله هو مثل النار التي تحرق الاشياء" او "الله غاضب ضد الخطية وسوف يدمر الخطاة مثل النار".

استولى

اللفظ "استولى" يعني ان يأخذ او يأسر شخصا او شيئا بالقوة. و قد يعني ايضا الهيمنة و السيطرة على شخص ما. . عندما تؤخذ مدينة من طرف قوة عسكرية, هذا يعني ان الجنود استولوا على الممتلكات الثمينة للشعب الذي تم غزوه. . عندما تستخدم بشكل رمزي, يمكن وصف شخص أنه "استولى عليه الخوف". مما يعني ان هذا الشخص اصبح "الخوف يسيطر عليه" فجأة. و يمكن ترجمتها ايضا ب, "فجأة اصبح خائفا جدا". . في سياق آلام المخاض الذي "يستولى" على المرأة, المعنى هو ان هذه الآلام مفاجئة و مهيمنة. قد يترجم هذا ب, "داهمت" او "حدثت فجأة". . يمكن ان يترجم هذا اللفظ ايضا ب, "سيطر على" او "اخذه فجأة" او "داهم". . التعبير, "قهرها و اضطجع معها" يمكن ان تترجم ب , "اجبر نفسه عليها" او "انتهك حرمتها" او "اغتصبها". تأكد من ان ترجمة هذا المفهوم تكون مقبولة.

استيفانوس

اكثر ما يعرف به استيفانوس انه اول شهيد مسيحي, هذا لانه اول شخص قُتل بسبب ايمانه بيسوع. حقائق تخص حياته و موته مسجلة في سفر اعمال الرسل. . تم تعيين استيفانوس من طرف الكنيسة الاولى لخدمة المؤمنين كشماس لتوفير الطعام للارامل و للمؤمنين الذين هم في احتياج. . اتهم بعض اليهود استيفانوس باطلا بأنه جدّف ضد الله و ضد شريعة موسى. . تكلم استيفانوس بكل جرأة عن يسوع المسيح, مبتدئا من تاريخ علاقة الله بشعب اسرائيل. . غضب قادة اليهود و اعدموا استيفانوس برجمه بالحجارة خارج المدينة. . شهد على اعدامه شاول الطرسوسي, الذي اصبح فيما بعد الرسول بولس. . اشتهر استفانوس ايضا بكلماته الاخيرة التي قالها قبل استشهاده: "يا رب, لا تقم لهم هذه الخطية", التي تبين حبه للاخرين.

اسرائيل, اسرائيلين, امة اسرائيل

اللفظ "اسرائيل" هو الاسم الذي اعطاه الله ليعقوب. و يعني, "المتصارع مع الله". . نسل يعقوب اصبحوا يعرفون ب "شعب اسرائيل", "امة اسرائيل" او "الاسرائيليون". . عمل الله عهده مع شعب اسرائيل. لقد كانوا شعبه المختار. . امة اسرائيل مكونة من العشائر الاثنى عشر. . بعد موت الملك سليمان بقليل, انقسمت اسرائيل الى مملكتين: المملكة الجنوبية, و تدعى "يهوذا" و المملكة الشمالية وتدعى "اسرائيل". . عادة اللفظ "اسرائيل" ممكن ان يترجم ب, "شعب اسرائيل" او "امة اسرائيل", على حسب السياق.

اسم

في الكتاب المقدس, كلمة "اسم" تستخدم بطرق مجازية عديدة. . في بعض السياقات, "اسم" قد تشير الى سلوك الشخص, مثلما جاء في, "دعنا نصنع لانفسنا اسما". . اللفظ "اسم" قد يشير ايضا الى ذكرى شيء ما. على سبيل المثال, "قطع اسماء الاوثان" يعني تحطيم هذه الاوثان وبهذا لن يتذكرها الناس فيما بعد او يعبودوها. . التكلم "بإسم الله" يعني التكلم بقوته و سلطته, او كممثل له. . "اسم" شخص ما يشير الى الشخص نفسه مثلما جاء في, "لا يوجد اسم اخر تحت السماء به ينبغي ان نخلص"

اقتراحات الترجمة . تعبير مثل, "اسمه الجيد" يمكن ان تترجم ب "سلوكه الجيد". . فعل شيءما "بإسم "قد تترجم ب, "بسلطان" او "بإذن من" او "كممثل ل" هذا الشخص. . التعبير, "نصنع اسما لانفسنا" قد يترجم ب, "نجعل العديد من الناس يعرفون عنا" او "نجعل الناس يفكرون بأننا جد مهمين". . التعبير, "ندعو بإسمه" قد تترجم ب, "نسميه" او "نعطيه اسما". . التعبير, "الذين يحبون اسمك" قد تترجم ب, "الذين يحبونك". . التعبير, "يقطع اسم الاوثان" قد تترجم ب "نتخلص من الاوثان حتى لا يتم ذكرها ابدا" او "نجعل الناس يتوقفون عن عبادة الاوثان" او " التحطيم الكامل للاوثان حتى لا يتذكرها الناس ابدا".

اسماعيل

اسماعيل هو ابن ابراهيم من الجارية المصرية هاجر. و يوجد ايضا العديد من الرجال في العهد القديم اسمهم اسماعيل. . الاسم "اسماعيل" يعني, "الله يسمع". . وعد الله ان يبارك اسماعيل ابن ابراهيم, و لكنه لم يكن الابن الموعود به من الله لكي يثبت عهده معه. . انقذ الله هاجر و ابنها اسماعيل عندما ارسلوا الى الصحراء. . عندما كان اسماعيل يسكن في صحراء فاران, تزوج من امرأة مصرية. . ابن اسماعيل ناثانيا كان قائد جيش من يهوذا و الذي قاد مجموعة من الرجال لقتل الملك الذي تم تعيينه من طرف الملك البابلي, نبوخذناصر. . هناك ايضا اربعة رجال في العهد القديم يحملون اسم اسماعيل .

اشعياء

اشعياء هو نبي الله الذي تنبأ خلال فترة ملك اربع من ملوك يهوذا: عزيا, يوثام, آحاز, و حزقيا. . عاش في اورشليم خلال الفترة التي غزى فيها الاشوريون المدينة, خلال فترة ملك حزقيا. . سفر العهد القديم اشعياء هو واحد من اكبرالكتب في الكتاب المقدس. . كتب اشعياء العديد من النبوؤات التي تحققت اثناء حياته. . يعرف اشعياء على انه النبي الذي كتب نبوؤات حول المسيح التي تحققت بعد 700 سنة عندما جاء المسيح الى الارض. . يسوع وتلاميذه اقتبسوا من نبوؤات اشعياء ليعلموا الناس عن المسيا.

اشكلون

في زمن الكتاب المقدس, اشكلون كانت اكبر مدينة فلسطينية واقعة على ساحل البحر الابيض المتوسط. ومازالت موجودة الى يومنا هذا في اسرائيل. . كانت اشكلون واحدة من اهم خمس مدن فلسطينية, مع اشدود, عقرون, جث,و غزة. . الاسرائيليون لم يغزو شعب اشكلون بالكامل, بالرغم من ان مملكة يهوذا سيطرت على اغلب الاراضي. . بقيت اشكلون تحت السيطرة الفلسطينية لمئات السنين.

اضطجع, عرف, مضاجعة

في الكتاب المقدس, هذه الالفاظ الملطفة التي تشير الى الجماع الجنسي. . ان "يضطجع مع" شخص هو طريقة مشتركة للاشارة الى القيام بعلاقة جنسية. صيغة الماضي هي, "اضطجع مع". . في سفر العهد القديم, "نشيد الانشاد" لسليمان ترجمة ULB تستخدم لفظ "مضاجعة" لترجمة الكلمة "حب", و التي تشير في هذا السياق الى القيام بعلاقة جنسية. و هي مرتبطة بالعبارة, "مارس الجنس".

اقتراحات الترجمة . قد تستخدم بعض اللغات تعبيرات مختلفة لهذا اللفظ في سياقات مختلفة, على حسب ما اذا كان يقصد به الزوج و زوجته او بخصوص بعض العلاقات الاخرى. من المهم التأكد ان ترجمة هذا اللفظ تحمل المعنى الصحيح المقصود في السياق. . على حسب لسياق, تعبيرات مثل هذه قد تستخدم لترجمة "نام مع": "جامع" او "مارس الجنس ل" او "في حميمية مع". . اللفظ "مضاجعة" قد يترجم ايضا ب, "حب" او "حميمية". او قد يكون تعبيرا بطريقة طبيعية لترجمة هذا اللفظ في اللغة المستهدفة. . من المهم التأكد من ان ترجمة هذه الالفاظ في محتوى مقبول للاشخاص الذين يستخدمون ترجمة الكتاب المقدس.

اضطراب, اضطرابات, مضطرب

اللفظ "اضطراب" يشير الى اختبارات صعبة جدا و مؤلمة في الحياة. ان يكون "مضطربا" يعني ان يحس بالانزعاج او الحزن بسبب شيء ما. . قد تكون الاضطرابات اشياء جسدية, عاطفية, او روحية التي تؤذي الشخص. . في الكتاب المقدس, عادة ما تكون الاضطرابات ازمنة تجارب يستخدمها الله ليساعد المؤمنين على النضج و النمو في ايمانهم. . يستخدم العهد القديم "اضطراب" ايضا ليشير الى الدينونة التي تأتي على الشعوب التي رفضت الله بأعمالها الغير أخلاقية. . الفعل, يجعل شخصا "يضطرب" يعني "ان يزعج" هذا الشخص او يسبب له الحزن.

اقتراحات الترجمة . اللفظ "اضطراب" او "اضطرابات" يمكن ايضا ان تترجم ب, "اشياء خطيرة او محزنة قد حدثت" او "اضطهاد" او "تجارب صعبة" او "حزن". . اللفظ "يضطرب" يمكن ان يترجم بكلمة او عبارة يكون معناها, "يمر بضيق" او "يحس بحزن رهيب" او "قلق" او "مهموم" او "حزين" او "مذعور" او "منزعج". . "لا تزعجها" يمكن ان تترجم ب, "لا تقلقها" او "لا تنتقدها". . العبارة "يوم اضطراب" او "زمن اضطراب" يمكن ان تترجم ب, "عندما تختبرون الحزن" او "عندما تحدث لكم اشياء صعبة" او "عندما يسمح الله بحدوث اشياء محزنة" او "تنتج صعوبات" او "يجعلهم يختبرون اشياء صعبة جدا".

اضظهد, اضطهاد

اللفظين "اضطهد" و "اضطهاد" يشيران الى الاستمرار في معاملة الشخص او بعض المجموعات من الناس بطريقة قاسية تسبب لهم الاذى. . قد يكون الاضطهاد ضد شخص واحد او الكثير من الناس و يتضمن عادة هجومات متكررة و مستمرة. . تم اضطهاد بني اسرائيل من طرف العديد من الشعوب الذين قاموا بالهجوم عليهم, و سبيهم و سرقة ممتلكاتهم. . عادة ما يضطهد الناس الذين يختلفون عنهم في الديانة و المعتقدات و غيرهم من الضعفاء. . اضطهد قادة اليهود الدينيون يسوع لانهم لم يحبوا تعاليمه. . بعدما صعد يسوع الى السماء, اضطهد قادة اليهود الدينيون و الرومان اتباعه. . اللفظ "اضطهد" قد يترجم ايضا ب "يمارس ضغطا" او "يعامل بقسوة" او "سوء معاملة مستمر". . طرق لترجمة "اضطهاد" يمكن ان تشمل, "معاملة قاسية" او "ضغط" او "المعاملة بضغط شديد".

اطاع, مطيع, طاعة

اللفظ "اطاع" يقصد به القيام بماهو مطلوب او ما اُمر به. اللفظ "مطيع" تصف مميزات الشخص الذي يطيع. احيانا يكون المطلوب بخصوص عدم فعل بعض الاشياء, مثل, "لا تسرق". . عادة اللفظ "اطاع" يستخدم في سياق طاعة الوصايا و الشرائع التي يضعها شخص ما في موقع سلطة. . على سبيل المثال,يطيع الناس الشرائع الموضوعة من طرف قائد الدولة, المملكة, او اي منظمة اخرى. . يطيع الاطفال والديهم, يطيع الخدم اسيادهم, يطيع الناس الله, و يطيع المواطنون القوانين الخاصة ببلدهم. . عندما يأمر شخص في موقع سلطة الناس بعدم فعل شيء ما, فهم يطيعون بعدم فعله. . طرق ترجمة هذا اللفظ قد تشمل كلمة او عبارة يكون معناها, " يفعل ما يُطلب منه" او "يتبع القوانين" او "يفعل ما يطلب الله فعله". . اللفظ "مطيع" يمكن ان يترجم ب, "فعل ما هو مطلوب" او "اتباع الاوامر" او "عمل ما يأمر به الله".

اعترف, اعتراف

ان يعترف يعني التسليم او الجزم بأن شيء ما صحيح. " الاعتراف" هو الاقرار او التسليم بأن شيء ما صحيح. . اللفظ "يعترف" ممكن ان يشير الى التكلم بجرأة عن الحق المتعلق بالله. ممكن ايضا ان يشير قبول بأننا أخطأنا. . الكتاب المقدس يقول هذا بأنه اذا اعترف الناس بخطاياهم الى الله, سوف يغفر لهم. . كتب الرسول يعقوب في رسالته بأنه عندما يعترف المؤمنون لبعضهم البعض بخطاياهم, فإن هذا يجلب الشفاء الروحي. . كتب الرسول بولس الى اهل فيليبي بأنه يوما كل شخص سوف يعترف او يعلن ان يسوع هو الرب. . بولس ايضا قال هذا انه ان اعترف الناس ان يسوع رب وامنوا بأن الله اقامه من بين الاموات, سوف يخلصون.

اقتراحات الترجمة . على حسب السياق, طرق ترجمة "اعترف"ممكن ان تشمل, "سلم" او "شهد" او "اعلن" او "الاقرار"او "يؤكد". . طرق مختلفة لترجمة "اعتراف" ممكن ان تكون, "الاعلان" او "الشهادة" او " تصريح عن ايماننا"او "الاقرار بالخطأ".

اعلن, اعلان

اللفظ "اعلن" يعني ان يجعل شيئا ما معروفا. ال"اعلان" هو الشيء الذي يصبح معروفا. . في الكتاب المقدس, اللفظ "اعلن" عادة ما يشير الى وصف الكيفية التي يجعل بها الله نفسه معروفا لدى الناس. . اعلن الله عن نفسه من خلال كل شيء خلقه و من خلال تواصله مع الناس عن طريق الكلام او رسائل مكتوبة. . يعلن الله كذلك عن نفسه من خلال الاحلام و الرؤى. . عندما قال بولس انه تلقى البشارة من خلال "اعلان من يسوع المسيح," كان يقصد ان يسوع نفسه شرح البشارة له. . سفر العهد الجديد "رؤية" هو كتاب بخصوص اعلان عن احداث سوف تتم في نهاية الازمنة. اعلن عن هذا للرسول يوحنا من خلال رؤى.

اقتراحات الترجمة . طرق اخرى لترجمة "اعلن" قد تشمل, "يجعله يعرفه" او "يكشف" او "يبين بوضوح". . على حسب السياق, طرق ممكنة لترجمة "اعلان" قد تكون, "تواصل من الله" او "اشياء اعلنها الله" او "تعليم عن الله". من الافضل الاحتفاظ بمعنى "اعلن" بهذه الكلمة. . العبارة, "عندما لا تكون رؤيا" يمكن ان تترجم ب, "عندما لا يعلن عن نفسه للشعب" او "حين لا يتكلم الله الى الشعب" او "بين الناس الذين لم يتواصل الله معهم".

اعلن, اعلان

ان يعلن هو ان يخبر او ان يصرح بشيء ما على الملأ و بصوت عالي. . عادة في الكتاب المقدس, "اعن" تحمل معنى الاخبار بشيء امر به الله على الملأ , او ان يقول للاخرين عن الله و عن عظمته. . في العهد الجديد, اعلن الرسل الاخبار السارة الخاصة بيسوع الى الكثير من الشعوب في مختلف المدن و المناطق. . اللفظ "اعلن" قد يستخدم ايضا للمراسيم المشرعة من طرف الملوك او لكشف الشرير بطريقة علنية. . طرق اخرى لترجمة "اعلن" يمكن ان تشمل "اخبر" او "وعظ بإنفتاح" او "اعلن جهارا". . اللفظ "اعلان" يمكن ان يترجم ب, "إخبار" او "الوعظ مجاهرة".

اعلن, اعلان

الالفاظ "اعلن" و "اعلان" يشير الى وضع بيان رسمي او عام, عادة التأكيد على شيء ما. . ال "اعلان" ليس فقط التأكيد على ما اُعلن عليه, و لكن هو كذلك لفت الانتباه الى الذي عمل الاعلان. . على سبيل المثال, في العهد القديم, غالبا ما يسبق رسالة من الله ب, "اعلان الرب" او "هذا ما اعلنه الرب". هذا التعبير يؤكد على ان يهوه الرب نفسه الذي قال هذا. حقيقة ان هذه الرسالة جاءت من عند الرب تبين مدى اهمية الرسالة.

اقتراحات الترجمة . على حسب السياق, "اعلن" ممكن ان تترجم ب "صرّح" او "حالة عامة" او "قول قوي" او "حالة مؤكدة" . اللفظ "اعلان" ممكن ان يترجم ب, "بيان" او "تصريح". . العبارة, هذه اعلانات الرب" ممكن ان تترجم ب, "هذا ما يعلنه الرب" او "هذا ما يقوله الرب".

اغلف, غرلة

اللفظين "اغلف" و "غرلة" يشيران الى الذكر الغير مختون في جسده. يستخدم هذين اللفظين ايضا بطريقة مجازية. . كانت مصر امة تتطلب الختان أيضا. لهذا فإن الله عندما قال ان مصر سوف تهزم من طرف "الغير مختونين", كان يشير الى الناس الذين احتقرهم المصريون لعدم ختانهم. . يشير الكتاب المقدس الى الذين "قلوبهم غير مختونة" او "الغير مختونين في قلوبهم". هذه طريقة رمزية للقول ان هؤلاء الناس هم ليسوا من شعب الله, و هم معاندون في عصيانهم.

اقتراحات الترجمة

. اذا كانت كلمة ختان تستعمل و معروفة في اللغة المستهدفة, "غير مختون" قد تترجم ب "ليس مختونا". . التعبير, "عدم الختان" يمكن ان يترجم ب "الشعوب الغير مختونة" او "الشعوب التي لا تنتمي الى شعب الله", على حسب السياق. . طرق اخرى لترجمة المعاني الرمزية لهذا اللفظ قد تشمل, "ليسوا شعب الرب" او " متمردون مثل اولئك الذين لا ينتمون الى الله" او "الناس الذين لا يحملون علامة الانتماء الى الله". . التعبير "غير مختونين في قلوبهم" يمكن ان تترجم ب, "متمردون معاندون" او "يرفضون الايمان". و مع ذلك, يكون من الافضل و ان امكن ترك التعبير او التعبير المشابه له لان الختان الروحي هو مفهوم مهم.

افتدى, فداء, فادي

اللفظان "افتدى" و "فداء" يشيران الى استرداد شيء مملوك سابقا او تم اسره. ال "فادي" هو الشخص الذي يفدي شيئا ما او شخصا ما. . اعطى الله شرائع لبني اسرائيل عن كيفية افتداء الاشخاص او الاشياء. . على سبيل المثال, يمكن لاحدهم ان يفتدي شخصا ما من العبودية بدفع الثمن حينها يمكن للعبد ان يذهب حرا. الكلمة "فدية" كذلك تشير الى هذه العملية. . اذا تم بيع ارض شخص ما, يمكن لقريب هذا الشخص ان "يفتدي" او "يعيد شراء" هذه الارض و بهذا تبقى ملك للعائلة. . هذه الممارسات تبين كبف يفدي الله الناس الذين هم في عبودية للخطية. عندما مات على خشبة الصليب, دفع يسوع الثمن كاملا من اجل خطايا البشر و حرر كل الذين امنوا به للخلاص. الناس الذين تم فداءهم من طرف الله يبقون احرارا من الخطية و من العقاب.

اقتراحات الترجمة . على حسب السياق, اللفظ "افتدى" يمكن ان يترجم ب "اعادة شراء" او "دفع ليحرر".

افترى, مفتري

ان يفتري يعني ان يقول اشياء سلبية, و تشهر بشخص آخر. . يمكن للافتراء ان يقدم اتهاما صحيحا او خاطئا, و لكن تأثيره يجعل الاخرين يفكرون بأشياء سلبية عن الشخص المفترى عليه. . بعض الكلمات التي تترجم ب "افترى" تعني: "يتكلم ضد" او "أشاع تقريرا لئيما" او "شوه سمعة". . المفتري يدعى ايضا "نمام" او "ناقل اشاعة".

افراتة, افراتي

افراتة هو اسم لمدينة ومنطقة في الجزء الشمالي من اسرائيل. مدينة افراتة سميت فيما بعد "بيت لحم" او "بيت لحم افراتة". . افراتة كان اسم واحد من ابناء كالب. مدينة افراتة من المحتمل انها سميت فيما بعد عليه. . الشخص الذي ينحدر من مدينة افراتة يدعى "افراتي". . بوعز الجد الاكبر لداود, كان افراتي.

افرايم

افرايم هو الابن الثاني ليوسف. ذريته هم بنو افرايم, التي هي واحدة من عشائر بني اسرائيل الاثنى عشر. . عشيرة افرايم هي واحدة من عشائر اسرائيل العشرة الذين تموقعوا في الجزء الشمالي من اسرائيل. . احيانا الاسم افرايم في الكتاب المقدس يشير الى كامل الجزء الشمالي لمملكة اسرائيل. see: synecdoche . على ما يبدو ان افرايم هي منطقة كثيرة الجبال ة التلال, ترتكز على هذه الاشارة "افرايم بلد التلال" او "جبال افرايم".

افسس

افسس هي مدينة يونانية قديمة في الساحل الغربي لما يسمى الان دولة تركيا. . في زمن المسيحية المبكرة, افسس كانت عاصمة اسيا, التي كانت مقاطعة رومانية صغيرة في ذلك الوقت. . بسبب موقعها كانت هذه المدينة مركز مهم للتجارة والسفر. . هيكل الاله الوثني المشهور ارتاميس (ديانا) كان يقع في افسس. . عاش بولس وخدم في افسس لاكثر من سنتين ثم بعد ذلك عين تيموتاوس ليقود المؤمنين الجدد هناك. . سفر افسس في العهد الجديد هو عبارة عن رسالة كتبها بولس للمؤمنين في افسس.

اقليم, اقليمي

الاقليم هو قسم او جزء من دولة او امبراطورية. اللفظ " اقليمي " يصف شيء مرتبط بالاقليم, مثل حاكم اقليمي . , على سبيل المثال, كانت امبراطورية فارس القديمة مقسمة الى العديد من الاقاليم كإقليم مادي, اقليم فارس, اقليم سوريا, و مصر. . خلال زمن العهد الجديد, كان الامبراطورية الرومانية مقسمة الى اقاليم مثل اقليم مقدونية, اسيا, يهوذا, السامرة, الجليل, و غلاطية. . لكل اقليم حاكم خاص به و له سلطة عليه, و الذي بدوره يخضع للملك او حاكم الامبراطورية. هذا الحاكم يسمى في بعض الاحيان "حاكم اقليمي" او "ضابط اقليمي". . اللفظين "اقليم" و "اقليمي" يمكن ايضا ان تترجم ب "مقاطعة"

الابن البكر

اللفظ "الابن البكر" يشير الى اول مولود من نسل الانسان او الحيوانات, قبل ولادة بقية النسل. عادة هو البكر. . في الكتاب المقدس, "البكر" عادة ما يشير الى اول مولود ذكر. . في زمن الكتاب المقدس, المولود البكر يحصل على مكانة بارزة و يأخذ ضعف حصة ميراث عائلته مما يأخذه بقية الابناء. . عادة ما يُقدَم المولود البكر الذكر من الحيوان كقربان لله. . هذا المفهوم يمكن ان يستخدم ايضا مجازيا. على سبيل المثال, تدعى امة اسرائيل الابن البكر لدى الله لان الله اعطاها امتيازات خاصة عن كل الامم الاخرى. . يسوع, ابن الله يسمى بكر الله بسبب اهميته و سلطته على اي شيء اخر.

اقتراحات الترجمة . عندما يكون ذكر "البكر" وحده في النص, ممكن ايضا ان يترجم ب "البكر الذكر" او "الابن البكر", لان هذا ما ينطوي عليه.

الاثنى عشر, الاحدى عشر

اللفظ "الاثنى عشر" يشير الى الاثنى عشر رجلا الذين اختارهم يسوع ليكونوا تلاميذه او رسله المقربين. بعد انتحار يهوذا, اصبحوا يدعون "الاحدى عشر". . يسوع لديه الكثير من التلاميذ الاخرين, لكن اللقب "الاثنى عشر" يميز هؤلاء الذين اتبعوه خلال سنوات خدمته الثلاث. . قائمة اسماء الاثنى عشر مذكورة في انجيل متى 10, و انجيل مرقس 3, و انجيل لوقا 6. . وقت قليل بعد صعود يسوع الى السماء, اختار "الاحدى عشر" تلميذا اخر اسمه متياس ليأخذ مكان يهوذا. هكذا اصبحوا يدعون "الاثنى عشر" مرة اخرى.

اقتراحات الترجمة . بالنسبة للعديد من اللغات ربما يكون اكثر و ضوحا عند اضافة الاسم و القول, "الرسل الاثنى عشر" او "تلاميذ يسوع الاثنى عشر المقربين". . "الاحدى عشر" يمكن ان تترجم ايضا ب, "تلاميذ يسوع الاحدى عشر المتبقين". . قد تفضل بعض الترجمات تكبير الحرف الاول لاظهار ان هذا لقب يخص "الاثنى عشر" و "الاحدى عشر".

الاختطاف, حاصر ب

اللفظ "اختطاف" غالبا يشير الى الله لما يرفع شخص بشكل مفاجيء الى السماء, بطريقة معجزية. . العبارة " تخطى " تشير الى الخروج خلف شخص ما و التعجل في الوصول اليه. اللفظ له نفس المعنى ل "تجاوز". . الرسول بولس تكلم عن كونه "اختطف" الى السماء الثالثة. ممكن ان يترجم هذا ايضا ب "أُخذ". . بولس قال هذا عند المجيء الثاني ليسوع, ان المسيحيين سوف "يُختطفون" معا ليكونوا معه في الهواء. . المعنى المجازي, "ان خطاياي تحاصرني " ممكن ان يترجم كذلك ب, "انا اتلقى عواقب خطاياي" او "انا أتألم بسبب خطاياي" او " خطاياي تسبب لي الاضطراب".

الاموريون

الاموريون هم جماعة من الناس اقوياء و هم المنحدرون من كنعان الابن الاكبر لنوح. . معنى اسمهم "الشخص المرتفع" الذي من الممكن ان يشير الى جبال المنطقة التي يعيشون فيها او الى حقيقة انهم معروفون بطول قامتهم. . الاموريون يعيشون في مناطق على ضفتي نهر الاردن. عاي كانت مدينة يسكنها الاموريين. . يشير الله الى "خطيئة الاموريين" التي تتضمن عبادهم للالهة المزيفة و الى ممارساتهم الشنيعة المرتبطة بذلك . . قاد يشوع بني اسرائيل الى تدمير الاموريين, مثلما امرهم الله ان يفعلوا.

البحر, البحر الكبير, البحر الغربي, البحر الابيض المتوسط

في الكتاب المقدس, "البحر الكبير" او "البحر الغربي" يشير الى ما يسمى حاليا ب "البحر الابيض المتوسط", و هو تجمع كبير للمياه معروف لدي الشعوب خلال ازمنة الكتاب المقدس. . البحر الابيض المتوسط يحده: اسرائيل(شرقا), اوروبا (شمالاو غربا), و افريقيا (جنوبا). . كان هذا البحر مهما جدا في الازمنة الغابرة للتجارة و الاسفارو هذا لانه يحد الكثير من الدول. المدن و الشعوب التي تطل على سواحل هذا البحر مزدهرة جدا لانه من السهل لها ادخال الثروات من الدول الاخرى عن طريق السفن. . بما ان البحر الكبير يقع غرب اسرائيل, كان يشار اليه في بعض الاحيان ب "البحر الغربي"

البخور

البخور هو من التوابل العطرية التي تستخرج من شجرة الراتنج. ويستخدم لصناعة العطور و البخور. . في زمن الكتاب المقدس, كان البخور من التوابل المهمة التي يستخدم لتحضير جسد الميت و اعداده للدفن. . و له ايضا خصائص علاجية ومهدئة. . عندما جاء المجوس من الشرق لرؤية الطفل يسوع في بيت لحم, كان البخور واحد من الهدايا الثلاثة التي احضروها معهم.

التقويم الكتابي: الاسبوع

اللفظ "اسبوع" حرفيا يشير الى فترة زمنية تطول سبعة ايام. . في النظام اليهودي لحساب الوقت, الاسبوع يبدأ من غروب شمس يوم السبت و ينتهي عند شروق السبت الموالي. . في الكتاب المقدس اللفظ "اسبوع" يستعمل احيانا مجازيا للاشارة الى مجموعة من سبع وحدات زمنية, مثل سبعة اعوام. . "عيد الاسابيع" هو احتفال الحصاد و يجري بعد سبعة اسابيع من عيد الفصح. و يسمى كذلك "عيد الخمسين".

التقويم الكتابي: المناوبة

في التقويم الكتابي, ال "مناوبة" هي الفترة الزمنية الليلية التي يقوم فيها الحارس او المراقب بمهمة حراسة المدينة من خطر الاعداء. . في العهد القديم, كان للاسرائيليين ثلاثة نوبات التي يطلق عليها: "البداية" (من شروق الشمس ال 10 مساءا), "الوسط" (من 10مساءا الى 2 سباحا), و "الصباح" (من 2 صباحا الى شروق الشمس). . في العهد الجديد, اتبع اليهود النظام الروماني الذي يحتوي على اربع نوبات, يطلق عليها ببساطة "الاولى" (من غروب الشمس الى 9 مساءا), "الثانية" ( من 9 مساءا الى منتصف الليل), "الثالثة" ( من 12 ليلا الى 3 صباحا), و "الرابعة" ( من 3 مساءا الى شروق الشمس). . من الممكن ان نترجم هذا بتعبير اكثر شمولية مثل " وقت متأخر من المساء" او "منتصف الليل", حسب المناوبة المشار اليها.

التقويم الكتابي: ساعة

اللفظ "ساعة" غالبا ما تستعمل في الكتاب المقدس للدلالة على اي وقت من النهار حدثت بعض الاحداث. و استعملت كذلك مجازيا لتدل على "وقت" او "لحظة". .يقسم اليهود ساعات ضوء النهار بداية من شروق الشمس ( حوالي 6 صباحا). مثلا, "الساعة التاسعة" تعني " الثالثة بعد الظهر". . ساعات الليل تقسم ابتداءا من ( الساعة السادسة مساءا). مثلا "الساعة الثالثة ليلا" يعني "حوالي التاسعة مساءا" في نظام توقيتنا الحالي. . منذ الاشارة الى ان الوقت في الكتاب المقدس لا يتوافق بالضبط مع نظام التوقيت الحالي, من الممكن ان نستعمل عبارة مثل "حوالي التاسعة" او " نحو الساعة السادسة". . بعض الترجمات ربما تضيف عبارات مثل "في المساء" او "في الصباح" او"ظهرا" و ذلك لتوضيح اي وقت من النهارالذي نتحدث عنه. . العبارة, "في هذه الساعة" ممكن ان تترجم ب, " في هذا الوقت" او "في الحال". . في اشارة الى يسوع, العبارة "ان ساعته قد جاءت" ممكن ان تترجم ب, " جاء الوقت بالنسبة له ل " او " اقترب الوقت المحدد الخاص به".

التقويم الكتابي: سنة

عندما يستعمل حرفيا, هذا اللفظ "سنة" في الكتاب المقدس يشير الى فترة زمنية تمتد الى 354 يوم. و هذا مرتبط بنظام الرزنامة القمرية الذي يعتمد على الزمن الذي يقضيه القمر ليدور حول الارض. . السنة بالتوقيت الشمسي المعاصر تحتوي على 365 يوم مقسمة الى 12 شهرا, تعتمد على المدة الزمنية التي تقضيها الارض لتدور حول الشمس. . في كل من الرزنامتين العام يحتوي على 12 شهرا. لكن هناك شهرا اخر يضاف في بعض الاحيان الى السنة في الرزنامة القمرية للتعويض لان السنة القمرية تنقص 11يوما عن السنة الشمسية. و هذا ما يسمح بالتوافق بين كلا الرزنامتين. . في الكتاب المقدس, اللفظ "سنة" يستعمل كذلك بتعبير مجازي للاشارة الى وقت عام وقت حدوث حدث معين. امثلة على هذا تتضمن, "سنة الرب" او "في سنة القحط" او " السنة المفضلة عند الرب". في هذه السياقات, "سنة" ممكن ان تترجم ب "وقت" او "موسم" او "فترة زمن".

التقويم الكتابي: شهر

اللفظ "شهر" يشير الى فترة من الزمن تدوم اربعة اسابيع. نختلف عدد ايام الشهر حسب نوع الرزنامة التي نستعملها قمرية كانت او شمسية. . في الرزنامة القمرية, يعتمد طول كل شهر على مقدار الوقت الذي يقضيه القمر ليدور حول الارض, نحو 29 يوما. في هذا النظام هناك 12 أو 13 شهرا في السنة. بالرغم من ان السنة تحتوي على 12 او 13 شهرا, فإن الشهر الاول دائما يحمل نفس الاسم حتى وان اختلف الموسم. . ال "قمر الجديد", او بداية وجه القمربهلال من الضوء, يكون البداية لكل شهر في الرزنامة القمرية. . اسماء كل الاشهر المشار اليها في الكتاب المقدس هي اشهر الرزنامة القمرية النظام الذي طالما استخدمه بنو اسرائيل. و لازال اليهود حاليا يستخدمون هذه الرزنامة لاغراض دينية. . اليوم الحالي حسب الرزنامة الشمسية يعتمد على مقدار الوقت الذي تقضيه الارض لتدور حول الشمس ( حوالي 365 يوم). في هذا النظام, دائما ما تكون السنة مقسمة الى 12 شهرا, و يتراوح طول الشهر من 28 الى 31 يوما.

التقويم الكتابي: يوم

اللفظ "يوم" حرفيا يشير الى الفترة الزمنية المعادلة ل 24 ساعة ابتداءا من غروب الشمس. تستعمل كذلك مجازيا. . بالنسبة للاسرائيلين و اليهود, يبدأ اليوم من شروق شمس يوم و ينتهي عند شروق شمس اليوم الموالي. . في بعض الاحيان اللفظ "يوم" يستعمل مجازيا للاشارة الى فترة زمنية طويلة, مثل "يوم الرب" او "الايام الاخيرة". . بعض اللغات تستعمل تعابير مختلفة لترجمة هذه الاستعمالات المجازية او تترجم "يوم" دون التعبير المجازي. . ترجمات اخرى ل "يوم" ممكن ان تتضمن, "فترة" او "موسم" او "مناسبة " او "حدث", على حسب السياق.

الثقة, واثق

اللفظ "ثقة" يشير الى كونه واثق من ان هذا الشيء صحيح او انه سيحدث حتما لا محالة. . في الكتاب المقدس, اللفظ "رجاء" يعني عادة الانتظار المتوقع لشيء ما حصوله اكيد. في ترجمة ulb عادة ما تترجم ب "ثقة" او " الثقة من جهة المستقبل" او "الثقة المستقبلية" و خصوصا عندما يقصد ان يكون متأكد من حصوله على اتمام الوعود التي وعد بها الله المؤمنين بيسوع. . عادة اللفظ "ثقة" يشير بشكل خاص الى التأكيد الذي يملكه المؤمنون بيسوع بأنهم سيكونون مع الله في السماء الى الأبد. . العبارة " له ثقة في الله" يعني يتوقع تماما حصول و اختبار ما وعد به الله. . ان يكون "واثق" يعني الايمان بوعود الله و التصرف بضمان ان الله سوف يعمل ما وعد به. ممكن ايضا ان يقصد بهذا اللفظ التصرف بجرأة و شجاعة.

اقتراحات الترجمة . اللفظ "واثق" ممكن ان يترجم ب "مؤكد" او "اكيد جدا". . العبارة "كن واثق" ممكن ان تترجم ايضا ب " تمام الثقة" او " كن واثق ثقة كاملة من جهة" او "اعلم يقينا". . اللفظ "ثقة" ممكن ان يترجم ب "جرأة" او " بيقين". . على حسب السياق, طرق ترجمة "ثقة" ممكن ان تشمل, "ثقة كاملة" او "توقع أكيد" او "بالتأكيد".

الحُوِيون

الحوّيون هم واحد من اكثر سبعة شعوب سكنوا ارض كنعان. . مثل كل هذة الشعوب, انحدر الحوّيون من كنعان, الابن الاكبر لنوح. . شكيم الحوي اغتصب دينة ابنة يعقوب, و قتل اخوتها الكثير من الحويين انتقاما لها. . عندما قاد يشوع بني اسرائيل لامتلاك ارض كنعان, انخدع الاسرائيليون بعمل معاهدة مع الحويين بدلا من قهرهم.

الخصم, العدو

"الخصم" هو شخص او مجموعة من الاشخاص التي تبدي المعارضة لشخص ما او لشيء ما. المصطلح "العدو" له نفس المعنى.

. الخصم ممكن ان يكون الشخص الذي يحاول ان يعارضك او يؤذيك. . ممكن ان تدعى امة ب "الخصم" عندما تحارب "امة" اخرى. . في الكتاب المقدس, الشيطان يمثل بالنسبة لنا "الخصم" و "العدو". . خصم ممكن ان تترجم "مقاوم"او "عدو" , لكنه يشير الى شكل قوي من المعارضة.

الرامة

الرامة هي مدينة اسرائيلية قديمة و تقع على بعد 8 كلم من اورشليم. في المنطقة التي تسكنها عشيرة بنيامين. . الرامة هي المكان الذي ماتت فيه راحيل بعد ان وضعت ابنها بنيامين. . عندما اخذ بني اسرائيل للسبي الى بابل, نقلوا اولا الى الرامة قبل الانتقال الى بابل. . الرامة هي المكان الذي يوجد فيه بيت والدي صموئيل.

الرجال المتعلمين, المجوس

في قصة متى عن ميلاد المسيح, هؤلاء "المتعلمين" او "المثقفين" كانوا "رجال حكماء" احضروا هدايا ليسوع في بيت لحم بعض الوقت من ميلاده هناك. ربما هم "علماء فلك", من الاشخاص الذين يدرسون النجوم. . سافر هؤلاء الرجال طريقا طويلا من بلادهم في الشرق الى اسرائيل. و لا يُعرف بالتحديد المكان الذي جاؤوا منه و لا من هم. و لكن من الملاحظ انهم كانوا علماء يدرسون النجوم. . ربما هم من نسل الرجال الحكماء الذين خدموا ملوك بابل في زمن دانيال و الذين تدربوا على الكثير من الاشياء, بما في ذلك دراسة النجوم و تفسير الاحلام. . تقليديا يقال انهم كانوا ثلاثة رجال حكماء او متعلمين لان هناك ثلاث هدايا قدمت ليسوع. و مع ذلك فإن الكتاب المقدس لا يقول كم كان عددهم.

الروح القدس, روح الله, روح الرب

هذه الالفاظ كلها تشير الى الروح القدس, الذي هو الله. الاله الحي الحقيقي الواحد الموجود منذ الازل آب, و ابن, و روح قدس. . الروح القدس يشار اليه ايضا ب, "الروح" او "روح الرب" او "روح الحق". . لان الروح القدس هو الله, هو قدوس بشكل مطلق, طاهر بشكل ابدي, و كامل اخلاقيا في كل جوهره وفي كل ما يقوم به. . بالاضافة الى الآب و الابن, الروح القدس كان فعّالا في خلق العالم. . عندما رجع الله الابن الى السماء, يسوع, ارسل الله الروح القدس الى شعبه لكي يقودهم, و يعلمهم, و يعزيهم, و يمكنهم من عمل مشيئة الله. . قاد الروح القدس يسوع و يقود المؤمنين بيسوع.

اقتراحات الترجمة . اللفظ ممكن ان يترجم ببساطة بالكلمات التي تستخدم لترجمة "قدوس" و "روح". . طرق ترجمة هذا اللفظ ممكن ان تشمل, "روح طاهر" او "روح القدوس" او "الله الروح".

السنط

اللفظ " سنط" هو اسم شجيرة او شجرة شائعة تنمو في ارض كنعان في العصور الماضية , و هي موجودة بكثرة في هذه المنطقة اليوم . . الخشب البرتقالي المائل الى البني لشجرة السنط القوي والدائم يجعل منها اداة مفيدة للبناء . . هذا الخشب مقاوم جيد للتآكل لانه كثيف جدا بحيث يحفظ الماء بداخله و له مواد طبيعية تحميه من الحشرات
المدمرة . . في الكتاب المقدس , خشب السنط استعمل في بناء الهيكل و ثابوت العهد.

السواري, اعمدة السواري, عشتاروث

السواري كان اسم الالهة التي كانت تعبد من طرف اقطاب الشعب الكنعاني في العهد القديم. "عشتاروث" ممكن ان يكون الاسم الاخر ل "...." او من الممكن ان يكون اسم الهة اخرى كانت تشبهها كثيرا. . اللفظ "اعمدة السواري" يشير الى منحوتة خشبية او صور او اشجار منحوتة التي تصنع للتمثيل هذه الالهة. . اعمدة السواري غالبا ما كانت توضع بالقرب من مذابح الاله الوثني بعل, الذي كان يعتبر زوجها. بعض المجموعات من الناس يعبدون بعل كاله الشمس واشيرا كالهة القمر. . الله امر بني اسرائيل لكي بهدموا كل منحوتات الصور للالهة اشيرا. . بعض قضاة بني اسرائيل مثل جدعون, الملك آسا, و الملك يوشيا اطاعوا اللهو قادوا الشعب لتدمير هذه الاوثان. . و لكن البعض الاخر من قادة بني اسرائيل مثل سليمان الملك, و الملك منسا, و الملك آخاب لم يتخلصوا من اعمدة السواري و اثروا على الشعب عبادة هذه الاوثان.

السيد الرب, الله الرب

في العهد القديم, "السيد الرب" في كثير من الاحيان يستخدم للاشارة الى الاله الحي الحقيقي. . اللفظ "سيد" هو لقب الاهي و "الرب" هو الاسم الشخصي لله. . "الرب" ايضا عادة ما يجمع مع اللفظ "الله" ليكونا "الله الرب".

اقتراحات الترجمة

. اذا تم استخدام بعض اشكال اللفظ "الرب" لترجمة الاسم الشخصي لله, هذه الالفاظ "السيد الرب" و "الرب الاله" يمكن ترجمتها حرفيا. مع الاخذ بعين الاعتبار كيف تمت ترجمة اللفظ "سيد" في سياقات اخرى عندما تشير الى الله. . بعض اللغات تضع ألقاب بعد الاسم و يترجم هذا ب "السيد الرب". مع الاخذ بعين الاعتبار المألوف و الطبيعي في اللغة المستهدفة: ان كان يجب ان يأتي اللقب"سيد" قبل او بعد "الرب"؟ . "الرب الاله" يمكن ابضا ان تفسر ب "الله الذي يدعى الرب" او "الله الذي هو الاله الحي" او "انا هو, الله". . في الترجمة اتبع التفسير "الرب" ب "السيد", اللفظ "السيد الرب" ممكن ان يترجم ب, "الرب الاله" او "الله الرب". ترجمات اخرى ممكنة منها, "الرب السيد" او "الله السيد". . اللفظ "السيد الرب"لا يجب ان تفسر ب "رب الرب" لان القاريء قد لا يلاحظ الفرق بين حجم الحروف التي تستخدم عادة للتمييز بين اللفظين.

الشعير

اللفظ "شعير" يشير الى نوع من البذور التي تستعمل لصناعة الخبز. . نبات الشعير لديه ساق طويلة تنتهي برأس اين تنمو البذور او الحبوب. . يكون الشعير وافرا في الطقس الدافيء لذا غالبا ما يتم حصاده في الربيع او الصيف. . عندما يسحق الشعير, تفصل البذور الصالحة للاكل عن القشور. . تطحن بذرة الشعير, و تخلط بالماء او الزيت لصنع الخبز. . اذا كان الشعير غير معروف, ممكن ان يترجم ب "بذرة تسمي الشعير" او "بذرة الشعير".

العريس

في حفل الزفاف, العريس هو الرجل الذي سيتزوج من العروس. . في الثقافة اليهودية خلال زمن الكتاب المقدس, يتمحور الحفل حول العريس الذي يأتي ليأخذ عروسه. . في الكتاب المقدس, يدعى يسوع رمزيا ال "عريس" الذي يأتي يوما ما من أجل "عروسه" الكنيسة. . شبه يسوع تلاميذه بأصدقاء العريس الذين يحتفلون معه, و الذين سوف يحزنون عندما يذهب عنهم.

العلي

اللفظ "العلي" هو احد القاب الله. و يشير الى عظمته و سلطانه. . معنى هذا اللفظ شبيه بمعنى "ذو السيادة" او "الاعلى". . الكلمة "العلي" في هذا اللقب لا تشير الى العلو المادي او المسافة بل تشير الى العظمة.

اقتراحات الترجمة

. هذا اللفظ يمكن ايضا ترحمته ب, "الله العلي" او "الكائن الاسمى" او"الله تعالى" او "العظيم" او "ذو السيادة" او "الله, العلي على كل شيء". . اذا تم استخدام كلمة مثل "العلي", تأكد من انها لا تشير الى العلو المادي او الطول.

القائد, قيادة

اللفظ "قائد" يشير الى رئيس جيش مسؤول عن قيادة و رئاسة مجموعة معينة من الجنود. . ان "يقود" جيش يعني ان يرأس و ان يكون مسؤول عن الجيش. . القائد يجب ان يكون مسؤول عن مجموعة صغيرة او كبيرة من الجنود, مثل الف رجل. . يستخدم هذا اللفظ كذلك للاشارة الى الرب كقائد لجيوش الملائكة. . طريقة اخرى لترجمة "قائد" ممكن ان تشمل, "رئيس" او "قبطان" او "ضابط". . اللفظ "يقود" جيش ممكن ان تترجم ب "يترأس" او "ان يكون مسؤول عن".

القدير

المصطلح " القدير" لغويا يعني " الكلي القدرة", في الكتاب المقدس, هذا اللفظ يشير دائما الى الله.

. الالفاظ " القدير" او " القدير وحده" يشير الى الله و يظهر ان له كامل القوة و السلطة على كل شيء. . هذا المصطلح يستعمل ايضا لوصف الله في العناوين, " الله القدير" او " قدرة الله" او " الرب القدير" او " قدرة الرب الاله".

اقتراحات الترجمة . هذا المصطلح ممكن ان يترجم كذلك ب "الكلي القدرة" او " الكامل القدرة". طرق لترجمة الجملة "الرب الاله القدير" ممكن ان تشمل, "الله, الحاكم القوي" او "الاله صاحب السيادة القوي" او " الاله القدير المتسلط على كل شيء".

القش

القش هو الغلاف الجاف الذي يحمي بذور الحبوب. القش ليس جيد للاكل لهذا يفصله الناس عن الحبوب و يرمونه بعيدا. . غالبا, يفصل القش عن الحبوب عن طريق رمي رؤوس الحبوب في الهواء. تنقل الرياح القش بعيدا وتقع الحبوب في الارض تسمى هذه العملية ب "الغربلة". . في الكتاب المقدس, يستخدم هذا اللفظ بصورة مجازية للاشارة الى الناس الاشرار و الشر, و الاشياء الباطلة.

القوس و السهم

انه نوع من السلاح الذي يعتمد على رمي السهام من قوس وترية. في زمن الكتاب المقدس كانت تستعمل للقتال ضد الاعداء و لصيد الحيوانات من اجل الغذاء. . القوس يُصنع من الخشب, العضم, المعدن او اي مواد اخري صلبة, مثل قرن الوعل. لها شكل منحني و مشدودة بإحكام بواسطة وتر, او حبل. . السهم هو رمح رقيق مع رأس حاد في احد نهايتيه. في العصور الماضية, الرمح ممكن ان يصنع من مواد مختلفة مثل الخشب, العضام, الحجارة, او المعدن. .الرمح و السهم تستخدم عادة من قبل الصيادين و المحاربين. . اللفظ "رمح" يستعمل كذلك في بعض الاحيان مجازيا في الكتاب المقدس للاشارة الى هجومات العدو او دينونة الاهية.

الكريتيون

الكريتيون هم الشعب الذي كان على الارجح جزء من الفلسطينيين. . "الكريتيون و الفلسطينيون" كانوا مجموعة خاصة من الجنود في جيش الملك داود الذين كرسوا كحراس شخصيين له. . بنايا بن يوياداع, واحد من قادة حرس الملك داود, كان قائدا للكريتيين و الفلتيين. . الكريتيون بقوا مع داود عندم هروبه من اورشليم بسبب ثورة ابشالوم.

الله

في الكتاب المقدس, اللفظ "الله" يشير الى الكائن الازلي الذي خلق الكون من لاشيء. الله موجود كآب, ابن, و روح قدس. الاسم الشخصي لله هو "يهوه". . الله دائم الوجود, قبل ان يوجد اي شيء اخر, و سيستمر في الوجود الى الابد. . هو الاله الحق وحده و له السلطة على كل شيء في الوجود. . الله هو كلي الصلاح, كلي الحكمة, قدوس, بار, عادل, رحيم, و محب. . هو الاله حافظ العهد, الذي يتمم وعوده دائما. . خُلق الناس لكي يعبدوه و هو الوحيد المستحق العبادة. . اعلن الله ان اسمه "يهوه" الذي معناه, "الذي هو" او "انا هو" او "الذي هو موجود دائما". . يعلم الكتاب المقدس ايضا عن الالهة المزيفة التي هي اوثان لا حياة لها و التي يعبدها الناس عن طريق الخطأ.

اقتراحات الترجمة . طرق لترجمة "الله" ممكن ان تشمل, "اله" او "الخالق" او "الكائن الاسمى". . طرق اخرى لترجمة "الله" ممكن ان تكون, "الخالق الاسمى" او "السيد ذو السيادة المطلقة" او "الكائن الاعلى الازلي". . الاخذ بعين الاعتبار كيف يُشار الى الله في اللغة المحلية الوطنية. قد يكون هناك ايضا بالفعل كلمة ل "الله " في اللغة المستهدفة, اذا وجد, من المهم ان تتأكد من ان هذا اللفظ يتناسب مع صفات الاله الواحد الحي الحقيقي كما هو موضح اعلاه. . العديد من اللغات تكتب الحرف الاول بشكل كبير للاشارة الى الله الحي الحقيقي, و ذلك لتمييزه عن الكلمة التي تشير الى الالهة المزيفة. . طريقة اخرى للتمييز بينهما ممكن ان تستخدم كلمتين مختلفتين ل "الله" بالحرف الكبير و "الله "بالحرف العادي. . العبارة," سوف اكون لهم الها و سيكونون لي شعبا" ممكن ان تترجم ب, "انا, الله, سوف املك على هذا الشعب و هم سوف يعبدونني".

الله الآب, الآب السماوي, آب

الالفاظ, "الله الآب" و "الآب السماوي" تشير الى الرب, الاله الحي الحقيقي. هذا اللفظ ايضا يبين ب "آب", و خصوصا عندما يشير اليه يسوع. . الله يوجد هكذا: الله الآب, الله الابن, الله الروح القدس.و كل منهم هو الله بالكامل, و كلهم اله واحد. و هذا احد الاسرار الالهية التي لا يمكن للبشر ان يفهموها بشكل تام. . ارسل الله الآب الله الابن (يسوع) الى العالم و هو ارسل الروح القدس الى شعبه. . كل من يؤمن بالله الابن يصبح ابن لله الآب, و الله الروح القدس يأتي ليسكن في هذا الشخص. و هذا سر الهي اخر لا يمكن للبشر ان يفهموه بشكل تام.

اقتراحات الترجمة . في العبارة "الله الآب", من الافضل ترجمتها "الآب" بنفس الكلمة التي تستخدمها اللغة بشكل طبيعي و التي تشير الى الاب البشري. . اللفظ "الاب السماوي" ممكن ان تترجم ب "الآب الساكن في السماء" او "الله الآب الذي يسكن في السماء" او "الله ابونا الذي من السماء". . عادة "آب" تكتب بتكبير الحرف الاول, لاظهار ان الكلمة تشير الى الله.

المختار, اختار, الشعب المختار, المختار, المختارون

اللفظ "المختارون" حرفيا تعني "الاشخاص المختارون" او "الشعب المختار" و يشير الى اولئك الذين عينهم الله و خصصهم ليكونوا شعبه. "الشخص المختار" او "المختار من الله" هو لقب يشير الى يسوع, الذي هو المسيا المختار. . اللفظ "اختار" يعني تحديد شيء ما او شخص ما ليقرر شيء ما. و هو عادة ما يستخدم للاشارة الى اختيار الله اناس ينتمون اليه و يخدمونه. . ان يكون "مختار" يعني ان يكون "معين" او "محدد" ليكون او ليعمل شيء ما. . اختار الله اناسا ليكونوا مقدسين, ليكونوا مفرزين جانبا من طرفه لغرض ان يأتوا بثمر روحي جيد. لهذا السبب يدعون "المختارون" او "المدعوون". . اللفظ "المختار" في بعض الاحيان يستخدم في الكتاب المقدس للاشارة الى بعض الاشخاص مثل موسى و الملك داود الذي عينهم الله لقيادة شعبه. و ايضا تستخدم للاشارة الى امة بني اسرائيل كشعب الله المختار. . العبارة "المختارون" هي كلمة قديمة تعني حرفيا "الاشخاص المختارون" او "الشعب المختار". هذه العبارة هي في اللغة الاصلية تأتي جمعا عندما تشير الى المؤمنين بالمسيح. . في الترجمة القديمة الانجليزية للكتاب المقدس, اللفظ "مختارون" يستخدم في كلا العهدين الجديد و القديم, للاشارة الى الشعب الذي سيخلص بالايمان بيسوع المسيح. في مكان اخر من نص الكتاب المقدس, ترجموا هذه الكلمة اكثر حرفية ب "الاشخاص المختارون".

اقترحات الترجمة

. من الافضل ترجمة "المختارون" بكلمة او عبارة يكون معناها "الاشخاص المختارون" او "الشعب المختار". هذا ممكن ايضا ان يترجم ب "الشعب الذي اختاره الله" او "الاشخاص الذين خصصهم الله ليكونوا شعبه". . العبارة, "الذين هم مختارون" ممكن ان تترجم ايضا ب "الذين تم تعيينهم" او "الذين تم تحديدهم" او "الذين اختارهم الله" . انا اخترتك" ممكن ان تترجم ب, "انا عينتك" او "انا خصصتك". . للاشارة الى يسوع, "المختار" ممكن ان تترجم ب, "الله اختار شخصا" او "عين الله المسيا بالتحديد" او "الشخص الذي عينه الله".

المصفاة

المصفة هو اسم للعديد من المدن التي ذكرت في العهد القديم. و معنى الاسم "نقطة المراقبة" او "برج المراقبة". . عندما كان داود مطاردا من طرف شاول, ترك والداه في المصفاة تحت حماية ملك موآب. . مدينة تدعى المصفاة كانت تقع على الحدود بين مملكتي يهوذا و اسرائيل. و كانت مركز عسكري ضخم.

الميثاق

الميثاق هو الاتفاق ملزم و رسمي بين طرفين او عدة اطراف يجب تتميمه. . هذا الاتفاق ممكن ان يكون بين الاشخاص, بين الشعوب, او بين الله و الشعب. . عندما يصنع الناس ميثاقا بينهم, هم يعدون بانهم سيقومون بشيء ما و منه يجب القيام به فعلا. . امثلة عن المواثيق البشرية تتضمن ميثاق الزواج, اتقاقيات العمل, و المعاهدات بين الدول. . عبر الكتاب المقدس, صنع الله عهود عديدة ومختلفة مع شعبه. . في بعض من هذه العهود, وعد الله ان يحقق الجزء الخاص به بدون اي شروط. مثال على ذلك عندما حفظ الله عهده مع البشرية, و وعد بعدم تدمير الارض مرة اخرى بالطوفان, هذا العهد ليس به شروط واجبة على الناس القيام بها. . في عهود اخرى, وعد الله ان يحقق الجزء الخاص به فقط عندما يطيع الناس ويحققوا الجزء الخاص بهم في العهد.

اقتراحات الترجمة . على حسب السياق, طرق ترجمة هذا اللفظ ممكن ان تتضمن, "اتفاق ملزم" او "إلتزام رسمي" او "تعهد" او "عقد". . بعض اللغات تحتوي على عدة كلمات للفظ ميثاق اذا ما كان متعلقا بطرف واحد او عدة اطراف الذين وضعوا وعود و عليهم اتمامها. اذا كان هذا الميثاق من طرف واحد ممكن ان يترجم ب "وعد" او "تعهد". . تأكد خلال ترجمة هذا اللفظ انه لا يوحي بأن الناس هم الذين يقترحون الميثاق. في كل حالات العهود بين الله و الناس, ان الله هو الذي يبادر بالعهد.

الوصايا العشر

"الوصايا العشر" هي الوصايا التي اعطاها الله لموسى على جبل سيناء في الفترة التي سكن فيها بنو اسرائيل في الصحراء اثناء ارتحالهم الى ارض كنعان. كتب الله هذه الوصايا على لوحين حجريين. . اعطى الله لبني ايرائيل الكثير من الوصايا لكي يطيعوها, لكن الوصايا العشر هي وصايا خاصة تساعد بني اسرائيل ان يحبوا و الله و يعبدوه و ان يحبوا بعضهم بعضا. . هذه الوصايا هي ايضا جزء من عهد الله مع شعبه. بطاعة ما امرهم بفعله, يظهر بنو اسرائيل بأنهم يحبون الله و ينتمون إليه. . حفظ اللوحان الذان كتبت عليهما الوصايا العشر داخل ثابوت العهد الذي يحفظ داخل قدس الاقداس في خيمة الشهادة و من ثم في الهيكل.

الى الابد

في الكتاب المقدس, اللفظ "الى الابد" يشير الى الزمن الذي لا ينتهي ابدا. احيانا تستخدم مجازيا ليقصد بها, "زمن طويل جدا". . اللفظ "من الابد و الى الزل" يأكد ان شيئا ما سيكون موجود دائما. . العبارة "من الازل و الى الابد" هي طريقة للتعبير عن الابدية او عن الحياة الابدية. و ايضا تشمل فكرة الزمن الذي لا ينتهي ابدا. . قال الله ان عرش داود سيدوم "الى الابد". هذا يشير الى حقيقة ان نسل داود الذي هو يسوع سيملك الى الابد.

اقتراحات الترجمة

. هذا اللفظ ممكن ان يترجم ايضا ب "دائما" او "لا ينتهي ابدا". . العبارة, "سوف يدوم الى الابد" ممكن ان تترجم ب "موجود دائما" او "سوف لن يتوقف ابدا" او "سوف يستمر دائما". . العبارة المؤكدة, "من الابد و الى الازل" ممكن ان تترجم ب, "دائما ودائما" او "لا تنتهي ابدا" او "بلا نهاية ابدا". . عرش داود باق الى الابد ممكن ان تترجم ب, "نسل داود سوف يملك الى الابد" او "نسله سوف يملك دائما".

اليهودية

اللفظ "اليهودية" يشير الى منطقة من الارض في اسرائيل القديمة. تستخدم احيانا بمعنى ضيق و في احيان اخرى تستخدم بمعنى اوسع. . تستخدم "اليهودية" احيانا بالمعنى الضيق للاشارة فقط الى المقاطعة التي تقع في الجزء الحنوبي من اسرائيل القديمة بالضبط شرق البحر الميت. بعض المترجمين يسمون هذه المقاطعة "يهوذا". . في احيان اخرى "يهوذا" لها معنى اوسع يشير الى كل مقاطعات اسرائيل, و تشمل الجليل, السامرة, بيرية, ادومية و يهوذا (اليهودية). . اذا اراد المترجمون ان يكون التمييز واضح, المعنى الواسع ( مثل لوقا1: 5) ممكن ان تترجم ب "بلاد اليهودية" و المعنى الضيق ( مثل لوقا1: 39) ممكن ان تترجم ب "مقاطعة اليهودية" بما ان هذا الجزء من الارض في اسرائيل القديمة هو المكان الذي كانت تسكنه عشيرة يهوذا في الاصل.

اليوم الاخير, الايام الاخيرة, آخر الايام

اللفظ "الايام الاخيرة" او "آخر الايام" يشير بصفة عامة الى الفترة الزمنية التي تأتي عند نهاية العصر الحالي. . هذه الفترة الزمنية لا يُعلم كم تطول مدتها. . ال "ايام الاخيرة" هي زمن محاكمة مفتوح لهؤلاء الذين تحولوا بعيدا عن الله.

اقتراحات الترجمة

. اللفظ, "الايام الاخيرة" ممكن ان يترجم ايضا ب "الايام النهائية" او "نهاية الازمنة". . في بعض السياقات, يمكن ترجمة هذا ب, "نهاية العالم" او " عندما ينتهي هذا العالم".

اليونان

خلال زمن العهد الجديد, كانت اليونان مقاطعة في الامبراطورية الرومانية. . مثل دولة اليونان الحالية, تقع اليونان في شبه الجزيرة التي يحدها البحر الابيض المتوسط, بحر ايجه, و البحر الايوني. . زار الرسول بولس العديد من المدن في اليونان و اقام كنيسة في مدن كورينتوس, تسالونيكي, و فيليبي و مدن اخرى. . الناس الذين هم من اليونان يسمون "يونانيون" و لغتهم هي "اليونانية" الناس من المقاطعات الرومانية الاخرى يتكلمون ايضا اليونانية, بما فيهم اليهود. . في بعض الاحيان اللفظ "يونان" يستخدم لكي يشير الى الوثنيين.

امصيا

اصبح امصيا ملكا على مملكة يهوذا عندما قتل والده الملك يوآش.

. ملك امصيا الملك على يهوذا لمدة تسعة و عشرين عاما, من 796 ق م الى 767 ق م . لقد كان ملكا جيدا, و لكنه لم يطهر الاماكن المقدسة من عبادة الاوثان. . امصيا في النهاية امر بقتل كل الرجال الذين تسببوا في مقتل ابيه. . اخضع المتمردين الادوميين و وضعهم تحت انتداب مملكة يهوذا. . تحدى الملك يهوآش ملك اسرائيل لخوض معركة, و لكنه خسر. و تهدم جزء من سور اورشليم و نهبت اواني النحاس و الذهب من الهيكل. . بعد عدة سنوات الملك امصيا ارتد عن الرب و تآمر بعض الرجال من اورشليم عليه و قتلوه.

امنون

امنون هو الابن الاكبر للملك داود و زوجته اخينوعم. . امنون اغتصب اخته من ابيه ثامار, التي كانت كذلك اخت ابشالوم. . و نتيجة لهذا, تآمر ابشالوم ضد امنون و قتله.

اموص

اموص هو اب النبي اشعياء. . المرة الوحيدة التي أُشير فيها اليه في الكتاب المقدس هي لما عُرف بإشعياء على انه "ابن اموص". . هذا الاسم يختلف على اسم النبي عاموس و يجب ان يُكتب بطريقة مختلفة.

امين, حقا

اللفظ " امين" هي كلمة تستعمل للمصادقة او لفت الانتباه الى ما قاله الشخص. غالبا ما تستعمل في نهاية الصلاة. في بعض الاحيان تترجم ب "حقا". . عندما تستعمل في نهاية الصلاة, "امين" ترتبط بالموافقة على الصلاة او تفسر الرغبة في ان تكون الصلاة مستجابة. . في تعليمه, استعمل يسوع كلمة "امين" للمصادقة على الحق الذي يقوله. و هو عادة ما يتبع هذا ب "و اقول لكم" لكي يقدم تعليم اخر مرتبط بالتعليم السابق. . عندما يستعمل يسوع "امين" بهذه الطريقة, في بعض الترجمات الانجليزية (و ULB) تترجم ب "الحق" او " حقا". . كلمة اخرى تعني "حقا" في بعض الاحيان تترجم ب "بالتآكيد" او " طبعا" و كذلك تستعمل للمصادقة على الشيء الذي يقوله الشخص.

اقتراحات الترجمة . الاخذ بعين الاعتبار ما اذا كانت اللغة المترجم اليها تحتوي على كلمات خاصة او جمل تستعمل للمصادقة على شيء ما قد قيل. . عندما تستعمل في نهاية الصلاة او للتأكيد على شيء ما, "أمين" ممكن ان تترجم ب, "فليكن كذلك" او "اجعل هذا ممكن الحدوث" او " هذا صحيح". . عندما قال يسوع, "الحق اقول لكم", ممكن ان يترجم هذا ب, "نعم, اقول لكم هذا بإخلاص" او "هذا صحيح, و انا ايضا اقوله لكم". . الجملة, "الحق, الحق اقول لكم" ممكن ان تترجم ب" اقول لكم هذا بإخلاص تام" او " اقول لكم هذا بكل إخلاص" او "الشيء الذي اقوله لكم هو الحق". .

انا, الرب؛ انا هو, الرب

في كثير من الاحيان في العهد القديم, عندما يتكلم الله عن نفسه, يستخدم اسمه بدلا من ضمير المتكلم. . على سبيل المثال, بدلا من القول, "اكرموني", يقول, "اكرموا الرب". . لجعلها اكثر وضوحا بأن الله يتكلم عن نفسه, ULB عادة تترجم هذا بإضافة ضمير المتكلم مثل ما جاء في, "اكرموني انا, الرب" او "انا, يقول الرب". . بإضافة الضمير "انا" او "انا هو", ULB تشير الى القاريء ان المتكلم هو الله.

اقتراحات الترجمة

. قد يقرر بعض المترجمين انه من الواضح و الطبيعي في لغتهم ان يتبعوا ببساطة النص الحرفي و استخدام "يهوه"بدون اضافة ضمير المتكلم. . قد يقرر اخرون استخدام الضمير مع الرب فقط في بعض الحالات في بداية النص, ولكن يتخلون عن الضمير في بقية الجزء. مثال من ULB في تثنية 5: 9_16. . يكون من الافضل هذا لو امكن ترك الرب عندما تكون الحرفية في النص, و لكن قد يختار بعض المترجمين استخدام الضمير فقط في بعض المواقع, و ذلك لجعل النص طبيعي و اكثر وضوحا. . هناك ملخص لمختلف الطرق الممكنة لترجمة "الرب" عندما يتكلم الله عن نفسه: . "يهوه".

انتفاخ

اللفظ "انتفاخ" هو تعبير تصويري يشير الى التكبر او الغرور. . الشخص المنتفخ لديه موقف شعور بأنه افضل من الاخرين. . علم بولس ان معرفة الكثير من المعلومات و الحصول على الخبرات الدينية يمكن ان يقود الى "الانتفاخ" او التكبر. . لغات اخرى قد يكون لديها تعبير مشابه او مختلف يحمل هذا المعنى, مثل "لديه رأس كبير". . هذا يمكن ان يترجم ب, "متكبر جدا" او "مترفع عن الاخرين" او "متغطرس" او "يعتقد انه افضل من الاخرين".

انتقم, انتقام, ثأر

ال "انتقام" او "الاخذ بالثأر" او "تنفيذ الانتقام" هي معاقبة شخص ما و جعله يدفع مقابل الضرر الذي فعله. ان فعل الانتقام او الاخذ بالثأر هو "الانتقام". . عادة "انتقم" يتضمن في قصده ان يرى العدالة تتحقق او تصحيح الخطأ. . عندما تشير الى الشعب, التعبير "اخذ بالثأر" او " انتقم" عادة هي الرغبة في الانتقام من الشخص الذي تسبب في الاذى. . عندما "ينتقم" الله او " ينفذ الانتقام" فهو يتصرف ببر لانه يعاقب الخطيئة و التمرد. اقتراحات الترجمة . التعبير, "انتقم ل " شخص ما ممكن ان تترجم ب, "تصحيح الخطأ" او "تحقيق العدالة ل". . عندما يتعلق بالكائنات البشرية, ال "اخذ بالثأر" ممكن ان تترجم "تسديد الدين" او "الالم من اجل المعاقبة" او "يرجع له". . على حسب السياق, "الانتقام" ممكن ان تترجم ب, "المعاقبة" او "عقاب الخطيئة" او " دفع ثمن الخطأ المرتكب" اذا كانت الكلمة المستعملة تعني "ثأر", هذا ينطبق فقط على الكائنات البشرية. . عندما يقول الله, "سآخذ بثأري" ممكن ان يترجم هذا ب, " اعاقبهم على افعالهم الخاطئة ضدي" . عندما يتعلق الامر بالانتقام الالهي, تأكد من ان الله عادل في عقابه للخطيئة.

اندراوس

اندراوس هو واحد من الاثني عشر رجل الذين اختارهم يسوع لكي يكونوا اقرب تلاميذه ( الذين دعيوا فيما بعد بالرسل). . اخو اندراوس هو سمعان بطرس. كلاهما كانا صيادان. . بطرس و اندراوس كان يصيدان السمك في بحر الجليل عندما دعاهما يسوع لكي يكونوا تلاميذه. . قبل ان يتبع بطرس و اندراوس يسوع, كانا تلميذين ليوحنا المعمدان.

انذار, يضطرب

الانذار هو شيء يحذر الشعب من شيء ممكن ان يسبب لهم ضرر. ال " انذار" هو ان يكون قلق جدا و خائف من شيء خطير او يشكل تهديد.

. الملك يهوشافاط اضطرب عندما سمع ان الموآبيين يخططون للهجوم على يهوذا. . يسوع اخبر تلاميذه ان لا يضطربوا عندما يسمعون بالضيقات التي ستحدث في آخر الايام. . التعبير " صوت انذار" يعني ان يعطي التحذير. في القديم, هناك شخص يطلق انذار عن طريق احداث ضوضاء او شيء من هذا القبيل.

اقتراحات الترجمة

. تقديم " التحذير لشخص " يعني ان " تسبب القلق لشخص". . ان "يضطرب" ممكن ان تترجم هكذا " يكون قلقا" او " يكون خائفا" او "ان يكون مغتما جدا" . التعبير " صوت انذار" ممكن ان تترجم ب, " تحذير علني" او " اعلان ان هناك خطر قادم" او "النفخ في البوق للتحذير من الخطر" .

انطاكية

انطاكية هو اسم لمدينتين في العهد الجديد. واحدة في سوريا, بالقرب من ساحل البحر الابيض المتوسط. و الاخرى في الامارة الرومانية في بيسيدية, بالقرب من مدينة كولوسي. . الكنيسة المحلية في انطاكية هي اول مكان دعي فيه المؤمنون بالمسيح ب "المسيحيين". و الكنيسة هناك نشطة و ترسل مبشرين الى الوثنيين. . القادة في كنيسة اورشليم بعثوا برسالة الى المؤمنين في كنيسة انطاكية في سوريا لمساعدتهم واعلامهم انه لا يجب عليهم التقيد بالشرائع اليهودية لكي يصبحوا مسيحيين. . بولس, و برنابا و يوحنا ومرقس سافروا الى انطاكية بيسيدية للمشاركة بالانجيل. بعض اليهود من مدن اخرى جاؤوا واحدثوا اضطرابا و حاولوا قتل بولس. و لكن الكثير من الناس الاخرين, من يهود و وثنيين, سمعوا التعليم و امنوا بالمسيح.

انوش

انوش هو اسم لرجلين من العهد القديم. . رجل اسمه انوش و هو منحدر من ذرية شيث. و هو الجد الاكبر لنوح. . هذا الرجل كانت له علاقة شخصية مقربة مع الله و عندما بلغ 365 سنة من عمره, رفعه الله الى السماء دون ان يموت. . رجل اخر اسمه انوش كان ابن قايين.

اهانة, شائن

اللفظ "اهانة" يعني ان يعمل شيء ما غير محترم لشخص ما. مما قد يسبب ايضا لهذا الشخص الخجل او الخزي. . اللفظ "شائن" تصف فعل يُخجل او يسبب لشخص ما الاهانة. . في بعض الاحيان " شائن" تستخدم للاشارة الى اشياء لا تستعمل في اي شيء مهم. . اُمر الابناء لتكريم وطاعة والديهم. عندما لا يطيع الابناء, فهم يهينون والديهم. انهم يعاملون آباءهم بطريقة لا تكرمهم. . اهان الاسرائليون الرب عندما عبدوا الاوثان و مارسوا سلوكات غير اخلاقية. . اهان اليهود يسوع عندما قالوا انه يخرج الشياطين بواسطة الشيطان. . هذا ممكن ان يترجم ب "لايكرم" او "يعامل بدون احترام". . الاسم, "اهانة" ممكن ان يترجم ب "ازدراء" او "غياب الاحترام" . على حسب السياق, "شائن" ممكن ان تترجم ب "ليس مشرف" او "مخجل جدا" او "عديم الشأن" او "عديم القيمة".

اهل بيت

اللفظ "اهل بيت" تشير الى الناس الذين يسكنون مع بعض في بيت, يتضمن اعضاء العائلة و كل العبيد الذين يمتلكونهم. . اذا كان شخص ما يدير بيت, فإن ذلك ينطوي على توجيه الخدم والعناية بكل الممتلكات. . في بعض الاحيان "اهل بيت" قد تشير مجازيا الى كل العائلة المنحدرة من نسل شخص واحد, و خصوصا احفاده.

اهيشع

اهيشع هو اسم لعدة رجال من العهد القديم. و فيما يلي بعض من هؤلاء الرجال:

. اهيشع هو اسم كاهن في عهد شاول. . رجل اسمه اهيشع كان النواب في فترة حكم الملك سليمان. . اهيشع هو اسم نبي من شيلوه الذي تنبأ على انقسام مملكة اسرائيل الى مملكتين. . اب الملك بعشا من اسرائيل كان اسمه اهيشع.

اور

اور هي مدينة مهمة تقع عى طول نهر الفرات في منطقة كلدان القديمة, و التي هي جزء من بلاد ما بين النهرين. تقع هذه المنطقة في ما يسمى حاليا العراق. . ابراهيم من مدينة اور و من هناك دعاه الله ان يترك ارضه و يسافر الى بلاد كنعان. . هاران, اخو ابراهيم و ابو لوط, مات في اور. و ربما كان هذا سبب جعل لوط يترك اور و يرحل مع ابراهيم.

اورشليم

اورشليم كانت في الاصل مدينة كنعانية و اصبحت فيما بعد اهم مدينة في اسرائيل. و تقع على بعد 34 كيلومتر شرق بحر الملح و بالضبط شمال بيت لحم. و هي حاليا عاصمة اسرائيل. . الاسم, "اورشليم" ذكر اول مرة في سفر يشوع. اسماء اخرى في العهد القديم لهذه المدينة من بينها "ساليم", "مدينة يبوس", و "صهيون". كل من "اورشليم" و "ساليم" لهما اصل المعنى "سلام". . كانت اورشليم في الاصل غابة يبوسية اسمها "صهيون" التي استولى عليها الملك داود و جعلها عاصمة له. . ابن داود الملك سليمان بنى اول هيكل في اورشليم, في جبل المريا, الجبل الذي صعد اليه ابراهيم ليقدم ابنه اسحاق الى الله. تمت اعادة بناء الهيكل بعد ان هدم من طرف البابليين. . و لان الهيكل كان موقعه في اورشليم, فانه يتم الاحتفال باكبر عيد يهودي هناك. . من العادة ان يشير الناس انهم "يصعدون" الى اورشليم و هذا لانها تقع على الجبل.

ايمان

بصفة عامة, اللفظ "ايمان" يشير الى تصديق, ثقة في شخص ما او شيء ما. . ان "يكون له ايمان" في شخص ما هو ان يصدق ان كل ما يقوله و يفعله هو صحيح و محل ثقة. . ان "يكون له ايمان بيسوع" يعني يصدق كل تعاليم الله عن يسوع. و يعني خصوصا ان يثق الناس في يسوع و في ذبيحته التي تطهرهم من خطاياهم و تخلصهم من العقاب الذي كانوا يستحقونه بسبب خطاياهم. . الايمان الحقيقي او التصديق بيسوع يدفع الشخص بان يكون له ثمر روحي جيد بسبب الروح القدس الذي يعيش فيه. . في بعض الاحيان "الايمان" يشير عامة الى التعليم الخاص بيسوع, مثل التعبير, "حقائق الايمان". . سياق مثل "احفظ الايمان" او "تخلى عن الايمان", اللفظ "ايمان" يشير الى الحالة او الشرط للايمان بكل التعاليم الخاصة بيسوع.

اقتراحات الترجمة

. في بعض السياقات, "ايمان" ممكن ان تترجم ب "تصديق" او "قناعة" او "ثقة". . في بعض اللغات هذه الالفاظ تترجم باستخدام اشكال الفعل "صدق".

ايوب

ايوب هو رجل يوصف في الكتاب المقدس على انه تقي و كامل امام الله. و هو معروف جدا بصبره و ايمانه بالله خلال اوقات المعاناة الصعبة. . سكن ايوب في ارض عوص, التي تقع في مكان ما شرق ارض كنعان, قد تكون قرب منطقة الادوميين. . و يعتقد انه عاش في نفس فترة عيسو و يعقوب. لان واحد من اصدقاء ايوب كان "تيماني", و هم شعب سمي بعد الابن الاكبر لعيسو. . سفر العهد القديم ايوب يخبرنا كيف تجاوب ايوب و اخرون مع الالم. و ايضا يقدم وجهة نظر الله ذو السيادة والخالق المهيمن على كل ما في الكون. . بعد كل الكوارث, الله في النهاية شفى ايوب و باركه بالمزيد من الابناء و الثروة. . يخبرنا سفرايوب ان ايوب قد شبع من الايام و توفي بعد عمر طويل,

بئر, حوض

اللفظان "بئر" و "حوض" يشيران الى نوعين مختلفين من مصادر الماء في زمن الكتاب المقدس. . البئر هو حفرة عميقة تحفر في الارض بحيث يمكن للمياه الجوفية ان تتجمع داخلها. . الحوض هو حفرة عميقة في الصخر تستخدم كخزان لحفظ مياه الامطار. . الخزانات عادة ما تنحت في الصخور م تغلف بالصمغ لتحفظ الماء داخلها. "الخزان المشقق" يحدث عندما بتشقق الصمغ و يتدفق منه الماء. . توضع الاحواض عادة في فناءات البيوت لجمع مياه الامطار المنحدرة من السطح. . تكون الابار عادة في الاماكن التي تتجمع فيها العديد من العائلات او كل القبيلة. . لان الماء مهم لكل من البشر و الماشية, فإن حق استعمال الماء عادة ما يكون سبب صراع و نزاع. . كل من الابار و الخزانات تغطى عادة بحجر كبير لمنع اي شيء من السقوط داخلها. عادة ما يربط حبل و معه دلو او وعاء بجانبها لاخراج الماء الى السطح. . احيانا ما تستخدم الابار الجافة كمكان لسجن شخص ما, مثلما حدث مع يوسف و ارميا.

اقتراحات الترجمة . طرق لترجمة "بئر" قد تشمل, "حفرة ماء عميقة" او "حفرة عميقة لجمع الماء" او "حفرة عميقة لوضع الماء". . اللفظ "خزان" يمكن ان يترجم ب "حفرة مياه حجرية" او "حفرة عميقة و ضيقة للماء" او "خزان تحت الارض" او "خزان تحت الارض لتخزين الماء". . هذين اللفظين متشابهين في المعنى. الفرق الرئيسي هو ان البئر يتلقى الماء بأستمرار من الينابيع السفلية, في حين ان الخزان هو مكان لتخزين الماء الذي يأتي عادة من المطر.

بئر سبع

في زمن العهد القديم, بئر سبع كانت مدينة تقع على بعد 45 ميلا جنوب شرق اورشليم في المنطقة الصحراوية المعروفة باسم النجف. . الصحراء المحيطة ببئر سبع هي البرية التي ارتحلت فيها هاجر و اسماعيل بعد ان ابعدهم ابراهيم بعيدا عن مكان اقامته. .اسم المدينة يعني "حلف جيد". اُعطي لها هذا الاسم عندما حلف ابراهيم انه لن يؤذي رجال الملك ابيمالك الذين استولوا على احد ابارالماء التي حفرها ابراهيم.

بابل, بابلية

مدينة بابل كانت عاصمة منطقة بابل القديمة, و التي كانت كذلك جزء من الامبراطورية البابلية. . تقع بابل على طول نهر الفرات, في نفس المنطقة التي بنيت فيها بابل قبل مئات السنين. . في بعض الاحيان الكلمة "بابل" تشير الى كل الامبراطورية الرومانية. مثلا, "ملك بابل" يحكم كل الامبراطورية, وليس فقط المدينة. . البابليون هم شعب قوي هاجم مملكة يهوذا و اخذوا شعبها الى السبي الى بابل لمدة 70 سنة. . جزء من هذه المنطقة كان يدعى "كلدان" و الشعب الساكن فيها يدعون "الكلدانيين". و نتيجة لذلك, اللفظ "كلدان" يستعمل غالبا للاشارة الى بابل. . في العهد الجديد, اللفظ"بابل"في بعض الاحيان يستعمل كاستعارة للاشارة الى الاماكن, الاشخاص, انماط تفكير مرتبطة بعبادة الاوثان و ممارسات اخرى خاطئة. . العبارة "بابل العظيمة" او "المدينة العظيمة بابل" تشير استعارة الى مدينة او امة, كبيرة, غنية, و خاطئة, تماما مثل ما كانت المدينة القديمة بابل.

بابل

بابل هي المدينة الرئيسية في المنطقة المسماة شنعار في الجزء الشمالي من بلاد ما بين النهرين. شنعار سميت فيما بعد بابل. . تأسست مدينة بابل على يد نمرود حفيد حام, الذي حكم منطقة شنعار. . شعب شنعاراصبح متكبر و قرر بناء مدينة تصل الى عنان السماء. التي عرفت فيما بعد ب "برج بابل". . لان الشعب بنى البرج رفض وصية الله في الانتشار. بلبل الله السنتهم ولم يستطيع ان يفهم احدهم الاخر. الشيء الذي اجبرهم على الانتقال و العيش في اماكن مختلفة حول الارض. . المعنى الاصلي لكلمة "بابل" هو "ارتباك", سميت عندما اربك الله لغة الشعب .

بار, بر

اللفظان "بر" و "بار" يشيران الى كرم,عدالة, امانة, محبة الله المطلقة, لان الله بار فهو يدين الخطية. . يستخدم هاذان اللفظان ايضا لوصف الشخص الذي يطيع الله و لديه سيرة طيبة. . و مع ذلك, و من اجل ان الجميع اخطأوا, ليس احد بار ماعدا الله فهو كلي الصلاح. . امثلة عن اناس دعاهم الكتاب المقدس "ابرارا" يشمل كل من نوح, ايوب, ابراهيم, زكريا, و الصابات. .عندما يؤمن الناس بيسوع للخلاص, يمحوالله خطاياهم و بهذا يصبحون ابرارا بناءا على بر يسوع.

اقتراحات الترجمة . عندما يُشار به الى الله اللفظ "بار" يمكن ان يترجم ب "جيد جدا و عادل" او "يتصرف دائما ببر". . بر الله يمكن ان تترجم ب, "امانة و صلاح تام". . عندما تشير الى الاشخاص الذين يطيعون الله, اللفظ "بار" يمكن ان يترجم ب "متخلق جدا" او "عادل" او "يعيش حياة ترضي الله". . العبارة, "الابرار" يمكن ان تترجم ب, "اناس ابرار"او "اناس يخافون الله". . على حسب السياق "بر"يمكن ان تترجم بكلمة او عبارة يكون معناها, "صلاح" او "يكون كاملا امام الله" او "يتصرف بطريقة صحيحة بطاعته لله" او "يفعل الصلاح الكامل". . احيانا "الابرار" تستخدم بطريقة مجازية للاشارة الى "الاشخاص الذين يعتقدون انهم صالحين" او "الاشخاص الذين يبدو وكأنهم ابرارا".

باراباس

باراباس كان سجين في اورشليم في الوقت الذي قُبض فيه على يسوع. . كان باراباس مجرما قام بجرائم قتل و تمرد ضد الحاكم الروماني. . عندما كان بيلاطس البنطي بصدد الافراج عن باراباس او يسوع, الشعب اختار باراباس. . اذا بيلاطس اطلق باراباس للحرية, و حكم على يسوع بالموت.

بارك, مبارك, بركة

ان "تبارك" شخص او شيء يعني ان تتسبب في حدوث الاشياء الجيدة و المفيدة للشخص او الشيء الذي اصبح مباركا. . مباركة شخص ما كذلك يعني التعبير عن الرغبة في حدوث الاشياء الايجابية و المفيدة لهذا الشخص. . في زمن الكتاب المقدس, الاب غالبا ما ينطق ببركات على ابنائه. . عندما "يبارك" الشعب الله او يعبر عن رغبته بأن يكون الله مباركا, هذا يعني انهم يسبحونه. . اللفظ "بارك" في بعض الاحيان يستعمل لتقديس الطعام قبل تناوله, او من اجل شكر و حمد الله على الاكل. \من تعليق ادناه: من المهم عدم تعريف, و عدم التركيز , و ان لا يكون مقيد بتطبيقات جذر الكلمة "بارك" الذي يوحي في المقام الاول الى الازدهار او الغنى في الاشياء المادية او الصحة البدنية. و النظر الى التعاليم الواسعة النطاق عن محبة, رحمة, نعمة الله التي لم تكن فقط في القديم لكنها مستمرة دائما. النظر الى الرعاية, الحماية, و حضور روح الله. و بالنسبة لنا نبارك الله, يمكننا ان نقدم له شكر, تقدير, فهم, كما نتعلم منه و نتبعه (نطيعه) .\

اقتراحات الترجمة
. "بارك" ممكن ان تترجم ب, "اعطى بسخاء ل" او " ان يكون كريما جدا و متاحا تجاه". . "الله جلب بركة عظيمة ل" ممكن ان تترجم ب, "الله اعطى الكثير من الاشياء الجيدة ل" او "الله اعطى بسخاء ل" او " الله سمح بحدوث العديد من الاشياء الجيدة ل". . "انه مبارك" ممكن ان تترجم ب, "سوف يستفيد كثيرا" او "سوف يختبر اشياء جيدة" او "سيسمح له الله بان يزدهر" . "مبارك الرجل الذي" ممكن ان تترجم ب, "كم هو جيد للرجل الذي". . تعابير مثل, "مبارك الرب" ممكن ان تترجم ب, "نرجو ان يُسبح الرب" او "اسبح الرب". . في سياق مباركة الطعام, ممكن ان تترجم ب, "شكر الله من اجل الطعام" او "نحمد الله من اجل اعطائهم الطعام" او " نقديس الطعام بحمد الله من اجله"

باروخ

بورش هو اسم العديد من الرجال في العهد القديم. . احدهم بورش ( ابن زاباي) الذي عمل مع نحميا على ترميم اسوار اورشليم. . كذلك في زمن نحميا, باروخ اخر (ابن كل حوزي) كان واحد من القادة الذين استقروا في اورشليم بعد ان رممت اسوارها. . باروخ اخر ( ابن نيريا) كان غلام للنبي ارميا الذي ساعده في العديد المهام العملية مثل كتابة رسالة الله الى النبي ارميا و قراءتها على مسامع الشعب.

باشان

باشان كانت هي المنطقة الواقعة الى شرق بحر الجليل. تغطي هذه المنطقة جزء من سوريا ومرتفعات الجولان حاليا. . في العهد القديم احد مدن الملجأ تدعى "جولان" تقع في منطقة باشان. . كانت باشان منطقة جد خصبة معروفة باشجار البلوط و رعي الاغنام. . في سفر التكوين 14 سُجل هذا : ان باشان كانت موقع الحرب بين عدة ملوك و شعوبهم. . اثناء توهان بني اسرائيل في البرية بعد خروجهم من مصر, استولوا على جزء من منطقة باشان. . بعد عدة سنوات, الملك سليمان تحصل على امدادات من هذه المنطقة.

باكورة المحاصيل

اللفظ "باكورة المحاصيل" يشير الى الجزء الاول من محصول الفاكهة و الخضروات التي تجنى خلال اي موسم للحصاد. . يقدم الاسرائيليون هذه المحاصيل الاولى لله كقربان تقدمة. . يستخدم هذا اللفظ مجازيا في الكتاب المقدس ليشير الى الابن البكر على انه اول ثمار العائلة. هذا لانه اول ابن يولد في هذه العائلة, انه هو الذي يحمل اسم و شرف العائلة. .لان يسوع قام من بين الاموات, فهو يسمى "باكورة" كل المؤمنين به الذين ماتوا ولكنهم يوما ما سوف يعودون الى الحياة. . المؤمنون بيسوع المسيح يدعون ايضا "باكورة" كل الخليقة, مما يدل على الامتياز الخاص و المكانة للذين فداهم و دعاهم لكي يكونوا شعبه.

اقتراحات الترجمة . الاستعمال الحرفي لهذا اللفظ ممكن ان يترجم ب "الجزء الاول"

بتوئيل

بتوئيل هو ابن ناحور اخ ابراهيم . . بتوئيل هو ابو رفقة و لابان. .هناك ايضا مدينة تدعى بتوئيل, من الممكن انها كانت تقع شمال يهوذا, غير بعيد عن مدينة بئر سبع.

بثشبع

بثشبع كانت زوجة اوريا, الذي كان جندي في صفوف جيش داود الملك. بعد موت اوريا اصبحت زوجة لداود, و ام سليمان. . ارتكب داود خطية الزنى مع بثشبع عندما كانت زوجة لاوريا. .عندما كانت بثشبع حامل بطفل داود, تسبب داود في مقتل اوريا في المعركة. . و عندها تزوج داود بثشبع و انجبت ابنهما. . عاقب الله داود على خطيته و ذلك بموت ابنه ايام عديدة بعد ولادته. . فيما بعد, انجبت بثشبع طفل اخر, سليمان, الذي كبر و اصبح ملكا بعد داود.

بحر الجليل, بحر كنروت, بحيرة جنيسارت, بحر طبرية

"بحر الجليل" هو اسم البحيرة التي تقع شرق اسرائيل. و كانت تسمى في العهد القديم ب "بحر كنروت". . تجري مياه هذه البحيرة جنوبا عبر نهر الاردن و تصب في بحر الملح. . كفرناحوم, بيت صيدا, جنيسارت, و طبرية هي بعض المدن المحيطة ببحر الجليل خلال زمن العهد الجديد. . جرت الكثير من احداث حياة يسوع في او قرب بحرالجليل. . يشار الى بحر الجليل ايضا ب "بحر طبرية" و "بحيرة جنيسارت". . يمكن ترجمة هذا اللفظ ب, "البحيرة التي في منطقة الجليل" او "بحيرة الجليل" او "البحيرة التي قرب طبرية (جنيسارت)".

بحر القصب, البحر الاحمر

"بحر القصب" هو اسم المنطقة المائية الواقعة بين مصر و العربية.و يسمى الان ب, "البحر الاحمر". . البحر الاحمر طويل و ضيق. انه اكبر من البحيرة او النهر, لكنه اصغر بكثير من المحيط. . عبر بنو اسرائيل البحر الاحمر عندما هربوا من مصر.عمل الله معجزة و جعل مياه البحر تنفلق الى قسمين حيث استطاع الشعب الاجتياز في ارض يابسة. . تقع ارض كنعان شمال هذا البحر. . و يمكن ان يترجم ايضا ب, "بحر القصب".

بحر الملح, البحر الميت

بحر الملح (يسمى ايضا البحر الميت) يقع بين جنوب شرق اسرائيل و غرب موآب. . يصب نهر الاردن جنوبا في بحر الملح. . لانه اصغر من اغلبية البحار, يمكن تسميته ب "بحيرة الملح". . لهذا البحر تركيز عالي من المعادن (او الاملاح) مما يعني انه لا يمكن للكائنات العيش في مياهه. و من هذا المنطلق جاءت التسمية "البحر الميت". . في العهد القديم, كان يطلق على هذا البحر "بحر العقبة" و "بحر النجف" بسبب موقعه القريب من العربة و النجف.

بخور

اللفظ "بخور" يشير الى مزيج من عطور التوابل التي تحرق لتعطي دخانا له رائحة طيبة. . طلب الله من بني اسرائيل ان يحرقوا البخور كتقدمة له. . يصنع البخور بمزج كميات متساوية من خمس توابل خاصة, تماما مثلما امرهم الله, و لا يمكن استخدامه في اية اغراض اخرى. . "مذبح البخور" هو مذبح خاص يستخدم فقط لاحراق البخور. . يقدم البخور على الاقل اربع مرّات يوميا, في كل ساعة صلاة. و يقدم ايضا في كل مرة عند تقديم ذبيحة المحرقة. . احراق البخور يمثل الصلاة و العبادة المقدمة لله من طرف شعبه. . طرق اخرى لترجمة "بخور" ممكن ان تشمل, "توابل عطرية" او "رائحة النباتات الطيبة".

بذرة, زرع

البذرة هي الجزء الذي يجعل النبات عندما ينمو ينتج عدد اكثر من نفس نوعه. و لديها العديد من المعاني الرمزية. . اللفظ "بذرة"يستخدم بطريقة مجازية استعارية للاشارة الى خلايا صغيرة جدا داخل الرجل او المرأة التي تتحد لتشكل جنينا ينمو داخل رحم المرأة, و هذا يسمى زرع. .بالارتباط مع هذا ايضا, "زرع" يستخدم ايضا للاشارة الى ذرية او نسل الشخص. . عادة ما تحمل هذه الكلمة معنى الجمع, للاشارة الى اكثر من بذرة واحدة او نسل واحد. . في مثل الزارع الذي يزرع البذور, قارن يسوع البذور بكلمة الله التي تنمو في قلوب الناس بهدف انتاج ثمر روحي جيد. . استخدم الرسول بولس لفظ "بذرة" للاشارة الى كلمة الله.

اقتراحات الترجمة . بالنسبة للمعنى اللغوي الحرفي, من الافضل استخدام اللفظ الحرفي "بذرة" الذي يستخدم في اللغة المستهدفة للدلالة على ما يقوم الفلاح بزرعه في الحقل. . يجب استخدام اللفظ الحرفي ايضا في سياق الاشارة بشكل رمزي الى كلمة الله. . بالنسبة للاستخدامات الرمزية التي تشير الى اشخاص من نفس سلسلة نسب العائلة, قد يكون اوضح اذا استخدم اللفظ "احفاد" بدل بذرة. قد يكون لبعض اللغات كلمة تعني "اولاد و احفاد". . بالنسبة ل "زرع" الرجل او المرأة, يفضل مراعاة كيف يُعبر عنه في اللغة المستهدفة بطريقة لا تسيء و لا تحرج الاخرين.

بذور

اللفظ "بذور" عادة يشير الى بذرة ثمرة النبات مثل القمح, الشعير, الذرة, الزوان, الارز. و يمكن ان يشير الى النبات بأكمله. . في الكتاب المقدس, انواع الحبوب المذكورة هي القمح و الشعير. . البرعم هو الجزء من النبات الذي تنمو عليه البذور. . ملاحظة ان بعض الترجمات القديمة للكتاب المقدس تستخدم الكلمة "حبوب" التي تشير الى البذور بصفة عامة. و مع ذلك فإنه في الانجليزية المعاصرة, "حبوب" تشير الى نوع واحد من البذور.

برتلماوس

برتلماوس كان واحد من رسل المسيح الاثنى عشر. . مع الرسل الاخرين, برتلماوس ارسل لكي ينقل بشارة الانجيل و كان يعمل معجزات باسم يسوع. . كان كذلك واحد من الذين شاهدوا المسيح يصعد الى السماء. . بضع اسابيع فيما بعد, كان مع بقية التلاميذ في اورشليم عندما حل عليهم الروح القدس.

برج مراقبة, برج

اللفظ "برج المراقبة" يشير الى بناء طويل و هو مكان يستطيع الحارس من خلاله ان يراقب بحذر للانتباه من كل خطر. عادة ما تبنى هذه الابراج من الحجارة. . يبني احيانا اصحاب الاراضي ابراج مراقبة لحراسة محاصيلهم و حمايتها من السرقة. . تشمل الابراج عادة غرف يعيش فيها الحارس مع عائلته, و لهذا فهم يقومون بحراسة المحاصيل نهارا وليلا. . ابراج مراقبة المدن تكون مبانيها اعلى من اسوار المدينة بهذا يمكن للحارس ان يرى الاعداء عندما يحاولون الهجوم على المدينة. . اللفظ "برج مراقبة" يستخدم ايضا كرمز للحماية من الاعداء.

برر

اللفظ "برر" يعني الاعلان رسميا ان شخصا ما غير مذنب بسلوك غير أخلاقي او غير قانوني كان قد اتهم به . . أستعمل هذا المصطلح في الكتاب المقدس في بعض الأحيان للدلالة على غفران الخطايا . . غالبا ما يدور السياق حول أشخاص خطاة و أشرار أخطأوا و تمردوا على الله . . يمكن أن يترجم ب , " اصبح بريء" او " حوكم انه غير مذنب" .

برر, تبرير

اللفظين "برر" و "يبرر" يشير الى جعل شخص مذنب شخصا صالحا وحده الله يستطيع حقا ان يبرر الناس. . عندما يبرر الله الناس, فإنه يغفر ذنوبهم و يجعلهم و كأنهم لم يخطؤوا ابدا. انه يبرر المذنبين الذين يتوبون و يثقون في يسوع انه سيخلصهم من خطاياهم. . "التبرير" يشير الى ما يعمله عندما يغفر خطايا شخص ما و اعلانه ان هذا الشخص اصبح بارا في نظره.

اقتراحات الترجمة

. طرق اخرى لترجمة "برر" ممكن ان تشمل, "اعلان ان الشخص اصبح بارا".

برص, أبرص, مجذوم

اللفظ "برص" يستخدم في الكتاب المقدس للاشارة الى العديد من الامراض الجلدية. "الابرص" هو الشخص المصاب بالبرص. اللفظ "مجذوم" يصف شخص او جزء من الجسم مصاب بالبرص. . بعض انواع البرص تجعل الجلد يشوه ببقع بيضاء اللون, مثل البرص الذي اصاب مريم ونعمان. . في العصر الحديث, يتسبب البرص في تشويه و تلف الايادي, الارجل, و اجزاء اخرى من الجسم. . بحسب التعليمات التي اعطاها الله لبني اسرائيل, عندما يكون شخص مصاب بالبرص, فانه يعتبر "نجس" و يجب عليه البقاء بعيدا عن الاخرين لكي لا يتنجسوا بهذا المرض. . على الابرص ان ينادي بصوت عالي "نجس" لكي ينتبه الاخرون و لا يقتربوا منه. . شفى يسوع الكثير من البرص, بالاضافة الى عدة امراض اخرى.

اقتراحات الترجمة

. اللفظ "برص" في الكتاب المقدس يمكن ترجمته ب "مرض جلدي" او "مرض جلدي مريع". . طرق لترجمة "ابرص", يمكن ان تشمل, "مملوء بالبرص" او "مصاب بمرض جلدي" او "مغطى بتقرحات جلدية".

برنابا

برننابا هو واحد من المؤمنين الاوائل الذي اش في زمن الرسل. . برنابا كان من اسرائيلي من عشيرة لاوي و كان من جزيرة قبرص. . غندما اصبح (شاول) بولس مسيحي, حث برنابابقية المؤمنين على قبوله كتلميذ مؤمن. . برنابا و بولس سافرا للعديد من المدن معا للتبشير بالاخبار السارة عن يسوع. . كا ناسمه يوسف, لكن اصبح يدعى "برنابا", الذي معناه "ابن التشجيع".

برونز

اللفظ "برونز" يشير ال نوع من المعدن الناتج عن تذويب هذه المعادن مع بعضها, النحاس و القصدير. له لون بني غامق, احمر قليلا. . البرونز يقاوم تآكل الماء و يعتبر ناقل للحرارة. . في العصور القديمة, كان البرونز يستخدم لصناعة, الادوات, الاسلحة, المذابح, اوعية الطبخ, و عدة الجنود, بالاضافة الى العديد من الاشياء الاخرى. .العديد من مواد البناء في الهيكل و ثابوت العهد مصنوعة من البرونز. . التماثيل و الالهة الوثنية كذلك صنعت من معدن البرونز. . الاشياء البرونزية تصنع اولا بتذويب معدن البرونز مع سائل و مع القصدير ثم سكبها في قوالب. تسمى هذه العملية "الصب".

بريء

اللفظ "بريء" ان لا يكون مذنبا بجريمة او اي فعل اخر خاطيء. و قد يشير ايضا بصفة عامة الاشخاص الغير منغمسين في الافعال الشريرة. . الشخص الذي يتهم بفعل شيء خاطيء يكون بريء اذا لم يقم بهذا الفعل الخاطيء. . في بعض الاحيان اللفظ "بريء" يستخدم للاشارة الى الاشخاص الذين لم يفعلوا اي شيء خاطيء ليستحقوا تلقي معاملة سيئة عنه, مثل جيش العدو يهاجم "اناس ابرياء".

اقتراحات الترجمة

. في اغلبية النصوص, اللفظ "بريء" ممكن ان يترجم ب "غير مذنب" او "غير مسؤول" او " لا يستحق التوبيخ" لشيء ما. . عندما يشير بصفة عامة الى اناس ابرياء, هذا اللفظ ممكن ان يترجم ب, "الذين لم يفعلوا شيئا خاطئا". او "الغير منغمسين في الشر". . التعبير الشائع المتداول, "دم بريء" ممكن ان يترجم ب, "الناس الذين لم يعملوا اي شيء خاطيء لكي يستحقوا القتل". . التعبير "سفك دم بريء" ممكن ان تترجم ب, "قتل اناس ابرياء" او " قتل اشخاص لم يفعلوا اي شيء خاطيء يستحق القتل". . في سياق شخص سيتم قتله, "بريء من دمه" ممكن ان تترجم ب, "غير مذنب بموته". . عندما نتكلم عن الناس الذين لم يقبلوا الاخبار السارة الخاصة بيسوع و لم يؤمنوا به, " ابرياء من دم" ممكن ان تترجم ب "غير مسؤولين عنهم سواء بقوا في الموت الروحي ام لا" او "غير مسؤولين عما اذا كانوا يقبلون هذه الرسالة". . عندما قال يهوذا, "أسلمت دما بريئا" كان يقصد, "لقد اسلمت رجلا بريئا لم يفعل اي شيء خاطيء" او "لقد تسببت في موت رجل غير خاطيء". . عندما قال بيلاطس عن يسوع, "انا بريء من دم هذا الرجل البريء", هذا ممكن ان يترجم ب, "انا غير مسؤول عن قتل هذا الرجل الذي لم يفعل اي شيء خاطيء يستحق القتل لأجله".

بريسكلا

بريسكلا و زوجها اكيلا هما مسيحيين من اصل يهودي يعملان مع الرسول بولس في عمله التبشيري. . ترك اكيلا و بريسكلا روما بسبب الامبراطور الذي اجبر المسيحيين على مغادرة روما. . تقابل بولس مع اكيلا و برسكيلا في كورنتوس. و كانا صانعي خيام و عمل معهما لانهما كانا من اهل حرفته. . عندما ترك بولس كورنتوس متوجها الى سوريا, ذهب معه اكيلا و بريسكلا. . من سوريا غادر ثلاثتهم الى افسس. و عندما ترك بولس افسس بقي اكيلا و بريسكلا و اكملا خدمة التبشير هناك. . و خصوصا قاما بتعليم رجل يدعى أبولس في افسس الذي امن بالمسيح و كان يمتلك موهبة الوعظ و التعليم.

برَد

هذا اللفظ عادة يشير الى كتل صغيرة كانت او كبيرة من المياه المتجمدة التي تسقط من السماء. كلمة اخرى مختلفة, "حيا" التي تستخدم لتحية شخص ما و قد تعني, "مرحبا" او "تحية طيبة لك". . البرد الذي ينزل من السماء على شكل كرات او حبّات من الثلج يسمى "حبّات البرَد". . عادة حبات البرد تكون صغيرة ( بعرض سنتيمترات قليلة), لكن في بعض الاحيان تكون حبات البرد كبيرة بعرض 20 سنتيمترا و قد تزن اكثر من كيلوغراما. . سفر الرؤيا في العهد الجديد يصف حبات برد ضخمة تزن 50 كيلوغراما التي سوف يجعلها الله تمطر على الارض عندما يدين الناس من اجل معاصيهم في نهاية الازمنة. . الكلمة "حيا" التي تعتبر تحية رسمية في الادب الانجليزي القديم تعني "نبتهج" و ممكن ان تترجم ب "تحية طيبة!" او "مرحبا".

بطرس, سمعان بطرس, صفّا

بطرس هو واحد من تلاميذ يسوع الاثنى عشر. و كان قائدا مهما في الكنيسة الاولى. . قبل ان يدعوه يسوع ليكون تلميذا له, كان اسم بطرس سمعان. . فيما بعد, سماه يسوع ايضا "صفّا", و الذي معناه "صخرة" او "حجر" باللغة الارامية. الاسم بطرس يعني ايضا "صخرة" او "حجر" باللغة اليونانية. . عمل الله من خلال بطرس لشفاء الناس و لنشر الاخبار السارة بخصوص يسوع. . سفرين من العهد الجديد هما رسالتان كتبهما بطرس لتشجيع و تعليم المؤمنين.

بطل, باطل

اللفظ" بطل" يصف شيئا بدون فائدة او بدون غرض. الاشياء الباطلة فارغة و لا قيمة لها. . الللفظ "باطل" يشير الى عدم القيمة و الفراغ. قد يشير ايضا الى الكبرياء او التفاخر. . في العهد القديم, توصف الاوثان على انها اشياء باطلة لا تستطيع ان تحرر او تخلص. انها عديمة القيمة و ليس لها اي استخدام او غرض. . اذا كان شيء ما " باطل", هذا يعني انه لا يرجى منه نتيجة ذات فائدة, الجهد او العمل لم يحقق اي شيء. . "يعتقد عبثا" يعني ان يصدق شيئا ليس هو الحق و لا يقدم اي رجاء.

اقتراحات الترجمة . على حسب السياق, اللفظ "باطل" يمكن ان يترجم ب "فارغ" او "عديم الفائدة" او "عديم الرجاء" او "عديم القيمة" او "عديم المعنى". . العبارة "باطلا" يمكن ان تترجم ب, "بدون نتيجة" او "بلا نتيجة" او "بلا سبب" او "بلا غرض". . اللفظ "باطل" يمكن ان تترجم ب, "متفاخر" او "لا شيء يستحق العناء" او "يأس".

بعشا

بعشا هو احد ملوك اسرائيل الاشرار, الذي اثر على بني اسرائيل لعبادة الاوثان. . بعشا كان ثالث ملك لاسرائيل و حكم لمدة اربع و عشرون سنة, في الفترة التي كان فيها آىسا ملكا على يهوذا. . كان قائدا عسكريا و اصبح ملكا عندما قتل الملك الذي سبقه ناداب. . خلال فترة حكم بعشا كان هناك العديد من الحروب بين مملكة اسرائيل و مملكة يهوذا, و خصوصا مع الملك آسا ملك يهوذا. . نتيجة لخطايا بعشا الكثيرة ازاحه الله من منصبه بموته.

بعل

"بعل" يعني "رب" او "سيد" و كان اسم الاله الوثني الرئيسي الذي عبده الكنعانيون. . و يوجد كذلك الهة وثنية "بعل"هو جزء من اسماءها, مثل "بعل فغور". في بعض الاحيان كل هذه الالهة مجتمعة تشير الى "البعل". . بعض الاشخاص اسماءهم تتضمن الكلمة "بعل". . عبادة البعل تشتمل على ممارسات شيطانية كتقديم الاطفال كقرابين و استعمال الدعارة. .على فترات مختلفة من تاريخهم, بنو اسرائيل اصبحوا منغمسين في عبادة البعل, متبعين مثال الامم المحيطة بهم. .خلال فترة حكم الملك آخاب, نبي الله اليشع قام باختبار ليثبت للشعب بان البعل غير موجود و ان الرب هو الاله الحقيقي الوحيد. و نتيجة لذلك, تمت ابادة انبياء البعل و بدأ الشعب في عبادة الرب من جديد.

بعل زبول

بعل زبول هو اسم اخر للشيطان, او ابليس. و هو كذلك في بعض الاحيان يدعى, "بعل زبوب". . لغويا هذا الاسم يعني "رئيس الذباب", "الحاكم على الشياطين". لكن من الافضل ان يترجم هذا اللفظ مثلما هو في تهجئته الاصلية افضل من ترجمة المعنى. . ممكن ان يترجم كذلك ب, "بعل زبول الشيطان" لكي يكون واضح الى من يشير. . هذا الاسم مرتبط باسم الاله الوثني "بعل زبوب" في عقرون.

بقرة,عجل, ثور, ماشية

اللفظ, "ماشية" يشير الى عدد كبير من حيوانات المزرعة ذوات الاربع ارجل التي تتغذى على الاعشاب و التي تربى من اجل الاستفادة من لحمها و حليبها. . انثى هذا النوع من الحيوان تسمى ال "بقرة". الذكر هو ال "ثور", و صغيرها هو ال "العجل". . في بعض الاحيان اللفظ "بقرة" يستخدم بطريقة عامة للاشارة الى كل انواع الماشية. . في بعض الثقافات, تقايض الماشية بالبضائع. و في بعض الاحيان تستخدم كهدايا تقدم لاولياء الفتاة الشابة من طرف الشاب الذي يرغب في الزواج. . في الكتاب المقدس, استخدم الشعب اليهودي الماشية للتقدمات, و بالخصوص نوع يدعى العجلة الحمراء. . "العجلة" هي بقرة ما زالت لم تلد بعد. . ال "ثور" هو نوع خاص من الثيران الذي يستخدم في الاعمال الزراعية, مثل سحب المحراث.

بقية

اللفظ "بقية" لغويا يشير الى الناس او الاشياء"المتبقية" او "المتروكة" بعد كمية كبيرة من مجموعة ما. . عادة "بقية" تشير الى الناس المتبقين على قيد الحياة بعد وقوع امر مهدد او الذين بقوا على امانتهم لله اثناء الاضطهاد القاسي. . اشار اشعياء الى جماعة بني اسرائيل على انهم بقية نجوا من هجمات الغرباء و عاشوا لكي يعودوا الى ارض الموعد في كنعان. . تكلم بولس عن "بقية" الشعب الذين تم اختيارهم من طرف الله للحصول على نعمته. . اللفظ "بقية" يتضمن ان هناك اناس اخرين لم يبقوا على امانتهم او لم يبقوا على قيد الحياة او لم يتم اختيارهم.

اقتراحات الترجمة . عبارة مثل, "بقية من شعبه" يمكن ان تترجم ب "الباقين من هذا الشعب" او "الذين بقوا على امانتهم" او "الذين تبقوا". . "كل بقية الشعب" يمكن ان تترجم ب "كل الذين تبقوا من الشعب" او "الشعب المتبقي".

بلا لوم

اللفظ "بلا لوم" لغويا يعني "بدون لوم". تستعمل للاشارة الى شخص يطيع الله باخلاص, و لكن لا يعني ان هذا الشخص بلا خطيئة. . ابراهيم و نوح اعتبرا انهما بلا لوم امام الله. . الشخص الذي لديه الرغبة بأن يكون "بلا لوم" يسلك بطريقة تكرم الله. . وفقا لآية واحدة, الشخص الذي بلا لوم هو " الذي يخاف الله و يبتعد عن الشر". اقتراحات الترجمة . ممكن ان يترجم هذا اللفظ ب, "بدون عيب في شخصه" او "كامل الطاعة لله" او " تفادي الخطيئة" او " الابتعاد عن الشر".

بلاد ما بين النهرين, ارام النهرين

بلاد ما بين النهرين هي المنطقة الواقعة بين نهري دجلة و الفرات. و هي منطقة العراق الحالية. . في العهد القديم, سميت هذه المنطقة "آرام النهرين". . الكلمة "ما بين النهرين" تعني "المنطقة المحصورة بين نهرين". العبارة "آرام النهرين" تعني "آرام التي تقع بين نهرين". . عاش ابراهيم في بلاد ما بين النهرين في كل من مدينتي حور و حاران قبل ان ينتقل الى ارض كنعان. . بابل هي مدينة اخرى مهمة في بلاد ما بين النهرين. . المنطقة المسماة "كلديا" هي ايضا جزء من بلاد ما بين النهرين.

بلعام

بلعام هو النبي الوثني الذي استأجره الملك بالاق لكي يلعن بني اسرائيل الذين كانوا يخيمون في نهر الاردن في شمال موآب, مستعدين لدخول ارض كنعان. . بلعام كان من مدينة فتور, التي تقع في المنطقة المحيطة بنهر افراتة, على بعد 400 ميل من بلاد موآب. . ملك المديانيين, بالاق, كان خائفا من قوة و عدد بني اسرائيل, لهذا استأجر بلعام لكي يلعنهم. . وعندما كان بلعام مسافرا باتجاه اسرائيل, وقف ملاك من عند الرب في طريقه, لهذا توقفت اتان بلعام. و كذلك اعطى الرب للاتان القدرة على الكلام لبلعام. . الله لم يسمح لبلعام بأن يلعن بني اسرائيل و امره ان يباركهم بدلا من ذلك. . هذا وفي وقت لاحق, جلب بلعام الشر على بني اسرائيل عندما أثر عليهم لعبادة الاله الوثني بعل فغور.

بلوطة

البلوطة هي شجرة ظل كبيرة ذات جذع كبير و فروع منتشرة. . خشب اشجار البلوط قوي و صلب يستخدم لبناء السفن و صناعة المحاريث الزراعية, و نير الثيران و العكاكيز لكبار السن. . بذور شجرة البلوط تدعى البلوط. . قد يصل محيط بعض اشجار البلوط الى 6 امتار. . اشجار البلوط هي رمز للحياة الطويلة و لها معاني روحية اخرى. في الكتاب المقدس, دائما ما ترتبط شجرة البلوط بالاماكن المقدسة.

اقتراحات الترجمة . العديد من الترجمات تستخدم "شجرة البلوط" بدل "بلوطة". . اذا كانت اشجار البلوط غير معروفة في محيط اللغة المستهدفة, يمكن ترجمتها ب "بلوطة, و هي شجرة ظل كبيرة تشبه..." و تضع اسم شجرة محلية تكون شبيهة لها. . انظر:[ كيفية ترجمة المجاهيل]

بناياهو

بنايا كان اسم للعديد من الرجال في العهد القديم. . بناياهو ابن يهوياداع كان واحد من رجال داود الجبابرة. كان محارب ماهر وٌضعت تحت مسؤوليته حراسة الملك داود. . عندما اصبح سليمان ملكا, ساعده بناياهو على اسقاط اعدائه. و اخيرا اصبح قائد الجيش الاسرائيلي. . رجال اخرين من العهد القديم يدعون بناياهو من ضمنهم ثلاثة لاوئين: كاهن, و موسيقي, و واحد من حفدة آساف.

بنت صهيون

"بنت صهيون" هو طريقة رمزية للاشارة الى شعب اسرائيل. و هو غالبا ما يستخدم استخداما نبويا. . في العهد القديم, "صهيون" هو الاسم الاخر الذي يستخدم لمدينة اورشليم. . كل من "صهيون" و "اورشليم" يستخدما ايضا للاشارة الى اسرائيل. . اللفظ "بنت" هو لفظ تحبب و مودة. انه استعارة لصبر الله و عنايته بشعبه.

اقتراحات الترجمة . طرق ترجمة هذا اللفظ ممكن ان تتضمن, "ابنتي اسرائيل, من صهيون" او "الشعب الذي من صهيون, الذي هو مثل ابنة لي" او "صهيون, شعبي العزيز اسرائيل". . من الافضل المحفاظة على اللفظ "صهيون" لانه استخدم في الكثير من المرات في الكتاب المقدس. ملاحظة ممكن ان تشتمل في الترجمة شرح معناه الرمزي او استخدامه النبوي. . انه ايضا من الافضل المحافظة على لفظ "ابنة" في ترجمة هذا التعبير طالما انه يفهم فهما صحيحا.

بنطس

بنطس هي مقاطعة رومانية في عصر الامبراطورية الرومانية و الكنيسة الاولى. و تقع على طول ساحل البحر الاسود, في الجزء الشمالي لتركيا المعاصرة. . كما هو مسجل في سفر اعمال الرسل, ذهب اناس من بنطس الى اورشليم عندما حل الروح القدس اولا على الرسل في يوم الخمسين. . مؤمن اسمه اكيلا كان من بنطس. . عندما كتب بولس الى المؤمنين المشتتين في مختلف المناطق, كانت بنطس واحدة من المناطق التي ذكرها.

بنيامين

بنيامين هو اصغر ابن وُلد ليعقوب و زوجته راحيل. معنى اسمه, "ابن يمين بري". . انجبته امه راحيل هو و اخوك الاكبر منه يوسف, التي توفيت بعد ولادة بنيامين. . ذرية بنيامين اصبحت واحدة من عشائر بني اسرائيل الاثني عشر. . الملك شاول كان عشيرة بنيامين. . الرسول بولس كان كذلك من عشيرة بنيامين.

بهجة

ال "بهجة" هي شيء يسر شخصا ما كثيرا و يسبب له الكثير من الفرح. . ان "ابتهج ب" شيء ما يعني ان "افرح ب" او "اكون سعيد بشأن" هذا الشيء. . عندما يكون هناك شيء رائع او سارفإنه يسمى "مبهج". . اذا كانت بهجة الشخص في شيء ما هذا يعنى ان هذا يفرحه كثيرا. . التعبير, "بهجتي في شريعة الرب" ممكن ان تترجم ب "شريعة الرب تعطيني فرحة عظيمة" او "احب ان اطيع شرائع الرب" او "انا سعيد عندما اطيع وصايا الرب". . العبارات "لا تبتهج ب "و "لا تكن مبتهج ب" ممكن ان تترجم ب "لا يكن كل سرورك ب" او "لا تفرح ب". . العبارة "بهجة نفسه ب" يعني "انه فرحان بفعل" شيء ما او "انه جد سعيد بشأن " شيء ما او شخص ما. . اللفظ "لذّات" يشير الى لاشياء التي تفرح الشخص. هذا ممكن ان يترجم ب "مسرات" او "الاشياء التي تجلب الفرحة". . تعبير مثل, " سررت ان افعل مشيئتك" ممكن ان يترجم ب, "انا استمتع بعمل ارادتك" او " انا سعيد جدا عندما اطيعك"

بوابة, حاجز البوابة

ال "بوابة" هي حاجز معلق عند نقطة دخول في سياج او في جدار محيط بمنزل او بمدينة. "حاجز البوابة" يشير الى الشريط الخشبي او المعدني الذي يتحرك في مكانه ليغلق البوابة. . بوابة المدينة يمكن ان تفتح لعبور الناس, الحيوانات, الحمولة للدخول والخروج من المدينة. . لحماية المدينة, تكون جدرانها وبوباتها متينة وقوية. تغلق البوابات وتحرس بواسطة حواجز خشبية او معدنية لمنع جنود العدو من الدخول اليها. . بوابة المدينة هي عادة مركز اجتماعي لاخبار المدينة. و هي ايضا المكان الذي تجرى فيه المعاملات التجارية و المحاكمات, لان بوابات المدينة سميكة بما يكفي لتقدم ظلا باردا عند اشتداد حرارة الشمس. يجد المواطنون متعة في الجلوس في الظل هناك ليديروا تجارتهم و حتى للقضاء في المسائل القانونية.

اقتراحات الترجمة

. على حسب السياق, طرق اخرى لترجمة "بوابة" ممكن ان تكون, "باب" او "جدار مفتوح" او حاجز" او "مدخل". . العبارة, "حواجز البوابة" ممكن ان تترجم ب, "مزلاج البوابة" او "ذراع خشبية لغلق البوابة" او "قضيب حديدي لغلق البوابة".

بوعز

بوعز كان رجلا اسرائيلي و كان زوج راعوث, الجد الاكبر للملك داود, و واحد من أسلاف المسيح يسوع. . عاش بوعز في زمن قضاة بني اسرائيل. . كان قريب امرأة اسرائيلية اسمها نعمي التي رجعت الى اسرائيل بعد ان مات زوجها وابناها في موآب. . بوعز "افتدى" كنة نعمي الارملة, راعوث بأن تزوجها و صنع لها مستقبلا بأن قدم لها زوجا و ابنا. . ينظر اليه على انه صورة يسوع المخلص الذي افتدانا من الخطية.

بوق

اللفظ "بوق" يشير الى أداة لانتاج الموسيقى او مناداة الناس لجمعهم مع بعضهم البعض لاعلان شيء او للاجتماع. . يصنع البوق عادة اما من المعدن, الصدف, او قرن حيوان. . ينفخ عادة في الابواق لمناداة الناس و جمعهم مع بعضهم للحرب , و لاجتماعات بني اسرائيل العامة. . يصف سفر الرؤيا مشهد في نهاية الازمنة حيث ينفخ فيه الملائكة بالابواق لاعلان تدفق غضب الله على الارض.

بولس,شاول

بولس هو قائد للكنيسة الاولى اُرسل من طرف يسوع لكي ينقل الاخبار السارة الى الامم. . كان بولس يهودي وُلد في روما في مدينة طرسوس, و لهذا يعتبر مواطنا رومانيا. . كان بولس في الاصل يدعى بإسمه اليهودي, شاول. . اصبح شاول قائدا دينيا يهوديا و قبض على اليهود الذين امنوا بالمسيح لانه كان يعتقد انهم يهينون الله بإيمانهم بيسوع. . اظهر يسوع نفسه لشاول في نور يعمي الابصار و طلب منه التوقف عن ايذاء المسيحيين. . امن شاول بالمسيح و ابتدأ يعلم اتباعه من اليهود عنه. . في ما بعد, ارسل الله شاول لكي يعلم غير اليهود عن يسوع و يكوّن كنائس في مختلف المدن و المقاطعات في الامبراطورية الرومانية. في هذه الاثناء بدأ الناس يدعونه بإسمه الروماني "بولس". . كتب كذلك بولس العديد من الرسائل لتشجيع و تعليم المسيحيين في الكنائس التي اسسها في تلك المدن. العديد من هذه الرسائل تشكل جزءا من العهد الجديد.

بيت

اللفظ "بيت" عادة يستخدم بفي الكتاب المقدس بطريقة مجازية. . في بعض الاحيان تعني "اهل بيت", و تشير الى الناس الذين يسكنون مع بعض في بيت واحد. . عادة "بيت" يشير الى احفاد شخص ما او اقاربه الاخرين. على سبيل المثال, العبارة "بيت داود" يشير الى كل احفاد الملك داود. . اللفظين "مسكن الله" او "مسكن الرب" يشير الى خيمة الاجتماع او الهيكل. هذين التعبيرين ممكن ان يشيرا ايضا بصفة عامة الى اين يوجد الله او اين يسكن. . في عبرانيين 3, "مسكن الله" تستخدم كإستعارة للاشارة الى شعب الله او اكثر عموما, و الى كل شيء متعلق بالله. . العبارة "بيت اسرائيل" ممكن ان تشير بصفة عامة الى كل امة اسرائيل او بأكثر خصوصا الى العشائر التي في شمال مملكة اسرائيل.

اقتراحات الترجمة

. على حسب السياق, "بيت" ممكن ان تترجم ب, "اهل بيت" او "شعب" او "عائلة" او "احفاد" او "هيكل" او "مكان السكن". . العبارة "بيت داود" ممكن ان تترجم ب, "عشيرة داود" او "عائلة داود" او "احفاد داود". عبارات مشابهة ممكن ان تترجم بنفس الطريقة. . طرق مختلفة لترجمة "بيت اسرائيل" ممكن ان تشمل, "شعب اسرائيل" او "احفاد اسرائيل" او "اسرائيليين". . العبارة "مسكن الرب" ممكن ان تترجم ب"هيكل الرب" او "المكان الذي يعبد فيه الرب" او "المكان الذي يلتقي فيه الرب بشعبه" او "اين يسكن الرب". ."مسكن الله" ممكن ان تترجم بنفس الطريقة.

بيت ايل

بيت ايل هي المدينة الواقعة شمال اورشليم في ارض كنعان. كانت سابقا تدعى "لوز". . في البداية وبعد تلقيه وعود الله, ابرام (ابراهيم) بنى مذبحا لله بالقرب من بيت ايل. و لم يكن اسمها هو الاسم الحالي, لكن عادة ما يُشار بها الينا ب "بيت ايل" لانها الاكثر شهرة. . عندما هرب من اخيه الاكبر عيسو, يعقوب قضى ليلة باكملها بالقرب من هذه المدينة و نام في العراء على الارض هناك. و عندما كان نائما, رأى حلما, شاهد الملائكة تصعد و تنزل سلما يصل الى السماء. . هذه المدينة وقتها لم تكن تسمى "بيت ايل" حتى سماها يعقوب كذلك. لتوضيح ذلك, بعض الترجمات ممكن تكون قد ترجمتها ب "لوز(فيما بعد سميت بيت ايل)" في المقطع الذي يتكلم عن ابراهيم, في الاول طالما يعقوب جاء هنا ( قبل ان يتغير اسمها). . بيت ايل مذكورة غالبا في العهد القديم و كانت المكان الذي حدثت فيه الكثير من الاحداث المهمة.

بيت داود

التعبير "بيت داود" تشير الى عائلة او احفاد الملك داود. . قد يترجم هذا ب "احفاد داود" او "عائلة داود" او "عشيرة الملك داود". . لان يسوع جاء من سلالة داود, هو جزء من "بيت داود". . احيانا "بيت داود" او " اهل بيت داود" يشير الى الناس الذين من عائلة داود الذين لا زالوا على قيد الحياة. . في اوقات اخرى يكون اكثر عمومية و يشير الى كل احفاده, يشمل حتى اولئك الذين قد ماتوا.

بيت شمس

بيت شمس كان اسم مدينة كنعانية تقع تقريبا على بعد 30 كيلومتر غرب اورشليم. . استولى الاسرائليون على بيت شمس في الفترة التي كا ن فيها يشوع قائدا. . بيت شمس كانت تقع في قسم الارض الذي كان مخصصا للكهنة اللاوئين للعيش فيه. . عندما اخذ الفلسطينيون ثابوت العهد و ارجعوه الى اورشليم, كانت بيت شمس هي اول مدينة توقف عندها.

بيت عنيا

مدينة بيت عنيا تقع في قاعدة المنحدر الشرقي لجبل الزيتون, على بعد 2 ميل شرق اورشليم. . بيت عنيا كانت قريبة من الطريق الرابط بين اورشليم و اريحا. . عادة ما كان يسوع يزور بيت عنيا اين يسكن اصدقاؤه المقربون لعازر, مرثا, و مريم. . بيت عنيا معروفة بوجه خاص بأنها المكان الذي اقام فيه يسوع لعازرمن الموت.

بيت لحم افراتة

بيت لحم كانت مدينة صغيرة في ارض اسرائيل, تقع بالقرب من اورشليم. و كانت معروفة كذلك ب "افراتة", الذي يحتمل ان يكون هو اسمها الاصلي. . بيت لحم سميت "مدينة داود", لان الملك داود وُلد هناك. . النبي ميخا قال ان المسيا سوف يأتي من "بيت لحم افراتة". . تتميما لهذه النبوءة, ولد يسوع في بيت لحم, بعد سنوات عديدة. . الاسم "بيت لحم" يعني "بيت الخبز" او "بيت الطعام".

بيرية

في زمن العهد الجديد, بيرية ( او بيروية) كانت مدينة يونانية مزدهرة تقع في الجنوب الشرقي من مقدونية, على بعد 80 كيلومتر جنوب تسالونيكي. . بولس و سيلا هربا من بيرية بعد ان ساعدهم بعض اتباعهم من المسيحيين في الهروب من مجموعة من اليهود الذين احدثوا اضطرابا بسببهم في تسالونيكي. . عندما سمع اهل بيرية وعظ بولس, بحثوا في الكتابات ليتأكدوا من صحة ما قاله لهم.

بيلاطس

بيلاطس هو حاكم للمقاطعة الرومانية يهوذا و هو الذي حكم على يسوع بالموت. . لان بيلاطس كان حاكما, كان يمتلك سلطة الحكم على المجرمين بالاعدام. . طلب قادة اليهود الدينيون من بيلاطس ان يصلب يسوع, لهذا فقد كذبوا وقالوا ان يسوع كان مجرما. . تحقق بيلاطس ان يسوع لم يكن مذنبا, لكنه كان خائفا من الجموع و اراد ان يرضيهم, لهذا امر جنودة بصلب يسوع.

تأديب, الانضباط الذاتي

اللفظ "تأديب" يشير الى تدريب الناس على طاعة مجموعة من الارشادات من اجل سلوك اخلاقي. . يؤدب الآباء اولادهم بتوفير الارشاد الاخلاقي و التوجيه وتعليمهم عن الطاعة. . بالمثل, الله يؤدب ابناءه لكي يساعدهم على انتاج ثمر روحي جيد في حياتهم, مثل الفرح, المحبة, الصبر. . التأديب يتضمن على تعليمات بخصوص كيفية العيش لارضاء الله, فضلا عن العقاب على السلوك الذي هو ضد ارادة الله. . الانضباط الذاتي عملية تطبيق مباديء اخلاقية وروحية في حياتنا الخاصة.

اقتراحات الترجمة

. على حسب السياق, "تأديب" ممكن ان تترجم ب, "درّب و ارشد" او "قاد اخلاقيا" او "عاقب على فعل الخطأ". . الاسم "أدب" ممكن ان يترجم ب "تدريب أخلاقي" او "عقاب" او "تصحيح اخلاقي" او "توجيه اخلاقي و ارشاد".

تألم, آلام

اللفظين "تألم" و "آلام" يشيران الى اختبار شيء غير سار للغاية, مثل المرض, الالم, و مصاعب اخرى. . عندما يُضطهد الناس او يمرضون, فهم يتألمون. . يتألم الناس احيانا بسبب اشياء خاطئة قاموا بفعلها, و احيانا اخرى يتألمون بسبب الخطية و المرض في العالم. . يمكن للآلام ان تكون جسدية, مثل الاحساس بالألم او المرض. و قد تكون ايضا عاطفية مثل الاحساس بالخوف, الحزن, و الوحدة. . العبارة "أئذن لي" تعني "تحملي" او "استمع لي" او "اسمع بصبر".

اقتراحات الترجمة

. اللفظ "تألم" يمكن ان يترجم ب "يحس بالألم" او "تحمل صعوبة" او "اختبر صعوبات" او "مر بتجارب صعبة و مؤلمة". . على حسب السياق, "آلام" يمكن ان تترجم ب "ضروف صعبة للغاية" او "زمن اختبارات مؤلمة". . العبارة "يعاني من العطش" يمكن ان تترجم ب, "يختبر العطش" او "يعاني من العطش". . "يعاني من العنف" يمكن ان تترجم ب "يتعرض للعنف" او "تضرر من اعمال العنف".

تأمل

اللفظ "تأمل" يعني قضاء وقت في التفكير في شيئ ما بهدوء و عمق. . هذا اللفظ يستخدم عادة في الكتاب المقدس للاشارة الى التفكير في الله و في تعاليمه. . المزمور الاول يقول ان الشخص الذي يتأمل في شريعة الله "نهارا وليلا" يتبارك بغزارة.

اقتراحات الترجمة . ان "يتأمل في" ممكن ان تترجم ب "ان يفكر بعمق وهدوء في" او "النظر بعناية في" او "التفكير كثيرا في". . صيغة الاسم هي "تأَملٌ" و يمكن ان تترجم ب, "تفكير عميق". عبارة مثل, "التأمل من قلبي" ممكن ان يترجم ب, "ما افكر فيه بعمق" او "ما افكر به عادة بخصوص".

تأوه

اللفظ "تأوه" تشير الى التنهد بعمق, بصوت منخفض يسببه حزن جسدي او عاطفي. عادة التأوه لا يكون مرفوقا بالكلمات. . يستطيع الشخص ان يتنهد بسبب الشعور بالحزن. . التأوه يمكن ان يحدث بسبب الاحساس بالاضطراب, حمل جائر. . طرق اخرى لترجمة "تأوه" ممكن ان تشمل, "اطلاق صرخة منخفضة من الالم" او "حزين بعمق". . كإسم, هذا ممكن ان يترجم ب, "صرخة حزن منخفضة" او "نفخة عميقة من الالم".

تاب, توبة

اللفظين "تاب" و "توبة" يشيران التراجع عن الخطية و العودة الى الله. . ان "يتوب" حرفيا يعني ان "يغير تفكيره". . في الكتاب المقدس, "تاب" عادة ما تعني التراجع عن التفكير و العمل بحسب التفكير البشري الخاطيء, و الرجوع الى التفكير و العمل حسب طرق الله. . عندما يتوب الناس حقيقة عن خطاياهم, يغفر الله لهم و يساعدهم لكي يبدأوا حياة الطاعة.

اقتراحات الترجمة . اللفظ "تاب" يمكن ان يترجم بكلمة او عبارة يكون معناها, "الرجوع".

تاج, يتوج

التاج هو حلقة دائرية مزخرفة توضع على رأس الحكام مثل الملوك و الملكات. اللفظ "توج" تعني ان يضع التاج على رأس شخص ما, مجازيا يعني, "يُكرم". . تصنع التيجان عادة من الذهب او الفضة, و ترصع بالجواهر الثمينة مثل الزمرد و الياقوت. . التاج يقصد به ان يكون رمز لقوة و ثروة الملك. . على عكس ذلك, التاج المصنوع من الاشواك و الذي وضعه جنود الرومان على رأس يسوع كان من اجل ان يسخروا منه و يؤذونه. . في العصور القديمة, الفائزون في المسابقات الرياضية يمنحون تاجا مصنوعا من أغصان الزيتون. أشار الرسول بولس الى هذا التاج في رسالته الثانية الى تيموتاوس. . يستخدم مجازيا, "يتوج" يعني ان يكرم شخصا ما. نحن نكرم الله بطاعته و تبجيله على الاخرين. هذا مثل وضع تاج عليه و الاعتراف بأنه ملك. . سمى بولس اتباعه من المؤمنين ب "فرحته وتاجه". في هذا التعبير, "التاج" استخدم مجازيا ليقصد به ان بولس اصبح مباركا و مكرما جدا بكيفية تمسك هؤلاء المؤمنين بملء الايمان في خدمة الله. . عندما يستخدم مجازيا, "تاج" ممكن ان يترجم ب "جائزة" او "فخر" او "مكافأة". . الاستخدام المجازي ل "يتوج" ممكن ان تترجم ب "يكرم" او "يزين". . اذا "تُوج" الشخص ممكن ان تترجم ب "وُضع تاج على رأسه". . التعبير, "انه تُوج بالمجد و الكرامة" ممكن ان يترجم ب, "المجد و الكرامة حلّا عليه" او "اُعطي له المجد و الكرامة" او "وُهب له المجد و الكرامة".

تارح

تارح هو حفيد ابن نوح, سام. و هو ابو ابراهيم, ناحور, و هاران. . ترك تارح موطنه في اور بهدف الذهاب الى ارض كنعان مع ابنه ابرام, و حفيده لوط, و ساراي زوجة ابرام. . في الطريق الى كنعان, تارح و عائلته عاشوا سنوات عديدة في مدينة حاران في بلاد ما بين النهرين. مات تارح في حاران عندما كان عمره 205 سنة.

تبَني

المصطلح " تبني " يشير الى العملية التي من خلالها يصبح الشخص بطريقة قانونية إبن للشعب الذي لا ينتمي إليه لأبويه البيولوجيين. . يستعمل الكتاب المقدس " تبني" و "تبنى" لكي يصور الطريقة التي بها اعطى الله للشعب لكي يكونوا جزء من عائلته , جاعلا إياهم أبناءه و بناته الروحيون . . كأولاد متبنون , المؤمنون هم شركاء مع يسوع المسيح , و لهم الحق في كل الامتيازات كأبناء و بنات الله .

اقتراحات الترجمة

. هذا المصطلح يمكن ان يترجم بكلمة تستعمل في لغة الترجمة لوصف العلاقة الخاصة اب - طفل . مع التأكيد ان هذا يصورالمعنى الروحي . . العبارة , " اختبار التبني كإبن" ممكن ترجمتها ب " أصبح متبني من طرف الله مثل ابنه " أو يصبح ابن الله " .

تجديف, جدّف, مجدّف

في الكتاب المقدس, اللفظ "تجديف" يشير الى التكلم بطريقة تظهر عمق عدم الاحترام لله او الناس. "جدّف" على شخص ما هو ان يتكلم ضد هذا الشخص حتى يعتقد الاخرون عنه اشياء خاطئة او سيئة. . في غالب الاحيان, التجديف على الله يعني الافتراء عليه و اهانته بقول اشياء غير صحيحة عليه او التصرف بطريقة غير اخلاقية تهينه. . انه تجديف من البشر ادعاءهم انهم الهة او ان يدعون وجود اله اخر غير الله الحقيقي الواحد. . بعض الترجمات الانجليزية تترجم هذا اللفظ ب "افتراء" عندما تشير الى تجديف الناس. اقتراحات الترجمة . "جدّف" ممكن ان تترجم ب, " قول اشياء شريرة ضد" او "اهانة الله" او ال" افتراء". . طرق ترجمة "تجديف" ممكن ان تتضمن, " التكلم بالاكاذيب على الاخرين" او " افتراء" او "نشر اشاعات كاذبة".

تحبل, حمل

اللفظ "تحبل" و "حمل" عادة يشيرالى ان تصبح حاملا بطفل. و ممكن ان يستخدم للحيوانات التي تصبح حبلى. . العبارة "تحمل طفل"ممكن ان يترجم ب, "اصبحت حبلى" او بعض الالفاظ الاخرى ممكن ان تكون طريقة مقبولة للاشارة الى هذا. . الكلمة ذات الصلة "حمل" ممكن ان تترجم ب, "بداية الحمل" او "لحظة الحمل". . هذه الالفاظ ممكن ان تشير كذلك الى خلق شيء ما او التفكير بشيء ما مثل فكرة, خطة , او مهمة. طرق لترجمة هذا ممكن ان تشمل على, "تصور ل "او "مخطط" او "خلق" على حسب السياق. . قد يستخدم هذا اللفظ في بعض الاحيان بصورة رمزية مثل, "اذا حبلت الخطيئة" الذي يعني "اذا كانت الخطيئة اول الفكر ل" او "في البداية الاولى للخطيئة" او "عندما بدأت الخطيئة في الاول".

تحمل, احتمال

اللفظ "احتمل" يعني البقاء لوقت طويل او تحمل شيء صعب بصبر. . ايضا يعني البقاء ثابتا عندما يأتي وقت التجربة, دون استسلام. . اللفظ "احتمال" ممكن ان يعني "صبر", "التحمل في فترة التجربة", او "المثابرة وقت الاضطهاد". . تشجيع المسيحيين لكي "يحتملوا حتى النهاية" هو حثهم على طاعة يسوع, حتى وان كان هذا يسبب لهم المعاناة. . "احتمال الالم" ممكن ايضا ان يعني "اختبار المعاناة".

اقتراحات الترجمة . طرق لترجمة هذا اللفظ "احتمل" ممكن ان تشمل, "ثابر" او "الحفاظ على الايمان" او "الاستمرار في عمل ما امرك الله بفعله" او "البقاء ثابتا". . في بعض السياقات, "احتمل" ممكن ان تترجم ب, "اختبر" او "يمر عبر". . بالاضافة الى معني البقاء لمدة طويلة, اللفظ "يحتمل" ممكن ايضا ان يترجم ب "يدوم" او "يستمر". العبارة, "لا يحتمل" ممكن ان تترجم ب, "لن يدوم" او "لن يستمر في العيش". . طرق لترجمة "احتمال" مكن ان تشمل, "مثابرة" او "استمرار الايمان" او "البقاء مؤمنا".

تحول, ابتعد, تراجع

ان "يتحول" يعني جسديا تغيير الاتجاه او جعل شيء اخر يغير الاتجاه. . اللفظ "تحول " قد يعني ايضا "الالتفاف حول" للنظر وراء او لمقابلة اتجاه مختلف. . ان "يتراجع" او "يبتعد" يعني "يذهب" او "ينصرف" او "يجعل يذهب بعيدا". . ان "يبتعد عن" قد تعني "يتوقف" عن فعل شيء ما او يرفض شخصا ما. . ان "يتجه نحو" شيء ما يعني ان ينظر مباشرة الى هذا الشخص. . "استدار و غادر" او "أدار ظهره ليغادر" تعني "يذهب بعيدا". ."تراجع" يعني ان "يتوقف عن فعل شيء ما".

اقتراحات الترجمة . على حسب السياق, "تحول" قد تترجم ب "غير الاتجاه" او "ذهب" او "تحرك". . في بعض السياقات, "تحول" قد تترجم ب, "سبب".

تذكاري, تقدمة التذكرة

اللفظ "تذكاري" يشير الى فعل او شيء يسبب تذكر شخص ما او شيء ما. . يستخدم هذا اللفظ ايضا كصفة لوصف شيء ما لتذكر شيء معين, مثل "تقدمة التذكرة", "جزء تذكاري" من ذبيحة او "حجارة تذكارية". . في العهد القديم تقدمة التذكرة تعمل لكي يتذكر بنو اسرائيل ما فعله الله لهم. . طلب الله من الكهنة الاسرائيليين ان يلبسوا ملابس خاصة تعلق عليها احجار تذكارية. وهذه الاحجار يوضع عليها اسماء عشائر بني اسرائيل الاثنى عشر. و هذا لتذكيرهم بأمانة الله نحوهم. . في العهد الجديد, كرّم الله رجل اسمه كرنيليوس بسبب افعال الخير التي يقوم بها للفقراء. هذه الافعال سوف تكون "تذكار" امام الله.

اقتراحات الترجمة

. قد يترجم هذا ب, "تذكير دائم". . "حجر التذكار" يمكن ان يترجم ب, "حجر لكي يذكرهم".

ترشيش

ترشيش هو اسم رجلين من العهد القديم, و هو كذلك اسم مدينة. . احد احفاد يافث اسمه ترشيش. . ترشيش هو ايضا اسم واحد من رجال الملك احشيوروش الحكماء. . مدينة ترشيش كانت مدينة ساحلية مزدهرة جدا تحمل االسفن ‘ليها منتجات قيمة للبيع او الشراء او التجارة. . ارتبطت هذه المدينة بصور و يعتقد انها كانت مدينة فينيقية بعيدة بعض الشيءعن اسرائيل, ربما في الساحل الجنوبي من اسبانيا. . نبي العهد القديم يونان استقل سفينة متجهة الى ترشيش بدلا من طاعة امر الله بالذهاب لدعوة نينوى الى التوبة.

ترصة

ترصة هي مدينة كنعانية مهمة تم احتلالها من طرف بني اسرائيل. و هو ايضا اسم ابنة جلعاد حفيد منسى. . تقع مدينة ترصة في المنطقة التي تسكن فيها عشيرة منسى. و يعتقد انها تقع على بعد 10 اميال شمال مدينة شكيم. . سنوات بعد ذلك, اصبحت ترصة عاصمة المملكة الشمالية اسرائيل, خلال فترة حكم اربعة ملوك من اسرائيل. . ترصة هو ايضا اسم لحفيدة منسى التي طلبت ان يعطى لها نصيب من الارض, لانها لا تملك اخوة ذكورا ليرثوا كما جرت العادة.

ترواس

مدينة ترواس هي ميناء بحري تقع شمال شرق ساحل المقاطعة الرومانية القديمة آسيا. . زار بولس ترواس على الاقل ثلاث مرات خلال رحلاته الى مناطق مختلفة للتبشير بالكلمة. . في احد المناسبات في ترواس, وعظ بولس الى وقت متأخر من الليل, شاب اسمه افتيخوس غلب عليه النوم عندما كان يستمع لبولس. لانه كان جالسا قرب نافذة مفتوحة, سقط افتيخوس و مات. من خلال قوة الله, أقام بولس الشاب وأعاده الى الحياة. . عندما كان بولس في روما, طلب من تيموتاوس ان يحضر له كتبه و معطفه, الذي تركه في ترواس.

تسالونيكيا, تسالونيكيين

في عصور العهد الجديد, كانت تسالونيكي عاصمة مقدونيا في الامبراطورية الرومانية القديمة. يسمى سكان هذه المدينة بالتسالونيكيين. . لمدينة تسالونيكي ميناء مهم و تقع ايضا على طول الطريق الرئيسي الذي يربط روما بالجزء الشرقي من الامبراطورية الرومانية. . دائما ما كان بولس و سيلا و تيموتاوس, يزورون تسالونيكي خلال رحلته التبشيرية الثانية و نتج من ذلك,تأسيس كنيسة هناك. فيما بعد زار ايضا بولس هذه المدينة خلال رحلته التبشيرية الثالثة. . كتب بولس رسالتين الى المؤمنين في تسالونيكي. هما ("رسالة تسالونيكي1 و رسالة تسالونيكي2") في العهد الجديد.

تصالح, مصالحة

اللفظان "تصالح" و "مصالحة" يشيران الى "صنع السلام" بين الناس الذين لهم عداوة رسمية بين بعضهم البعض. . في الكتاب المقدس, هذا اللفظ يشير الى مصالحة الله نفسه مع الناس من خلال الذبيحة الكفارية لابنه يسوع المسيح. . بسبب الخطية, اصبح كل الجنس البشري في عداء مع الله, و بسبب حبه الرؤوف, أعد الله طريقة ليصالح البشر مع نفسه من خلال يسوع. . من خلال الايمان بذبيحة يسوع كثمن للخطيئة, يمكن للناس الحصول على الغفران و السلام مع الله.

اقتراحات الترجمة . اللفظ "تصالح" يمكن ان يترجم ب, "يصنع السلام" او "يعيد بناء علاقات جيدة" او "يجعلهم اصدقاء". . اللفظ "مصالحة" يمكن ان يترجم ب "بناء علاقات جيدة" او "صنع السلام" او "يجعل ارتباط سلمي".

تضرع

اللفظ "تضرع" يعني طلب شيء ما على وجه السرعة من شخص ما. و هو عادة ما يشير الى طلب المال, لكن عادة يستعمل للاشارة الى التوسل من اجل شيء ما. . عادة الناس يتضرعون او يتوسلون عندما يكونوا في احتياج شديد لشيء ما, و لكن لا يعلمون ما اذا كان الشخص الاخر سوف يعطيهم ما يطلبونه او لا. . " المستعطي" هو شخص يقف او يجلس في مكان عام بصفة منتظمة لكي يطلب المال من الناس. . على حسب السياق, هذا اللفظ ممكن ان يترجم ب, "استعطى" او "طلب بشدة" او "طلب المال" او "طلب المال بصفة منتظمة".

تضرع, تضرعٌ, إلتماس

اللفظين "تضرعَ" و "تضرعٌ" يشيران الى طلب بشكل عاجل من شخص ما ان يفعل شيئا ما. "الإلتماس" هو الطلب العاجل. . التضرع غالبا ما يعني ان هذا الشخص يشعر بإحتياج كبير و رغبة شديدة لطلب المساعدة. . يمكن للناس ان يتضرعوا او يقوموا بنداء مستعجل الى الله من اجل طلب الرحمة او لكي يطلبوا منه ان يمنحهم شيئا ما, سواء لانفسهم او لغيرهم. . طرق اخرى لترجمة هذا اللفظ قد تشمل "إلتمس" او "ناشد" او "يطلب على وجه السرعة". . اللفظ "إلتماس" يمكن ان يترجم ايضا ب "طلب مستعجل" او "حث قوي". . تأكد ان يكون واضح من السياق ان هذا اللفظ لا يشير الى طلب المال.

تعثر

اللفظ "تعثر" يعني "قارب على السقوط" اثناء المشي او الجري.غالبا ما يتضمن التعثر في شيء ما. . رمزيا, "التعثر" قد يعني " يخطأ" او "يتعثر" في الايمان. . قد يشير هذا اللفظ كذلك الى الترنح او اظهار الضعف عند خوض معركة او عند الاضطهاد او العقاب.

اقتراحات الترجمة
. في السياقات التي فيها اللفظ "تعثر" يعني فيها يكبو جسديا على شيء ما, يجب ان يترجم بلفظ يكون معناه "وشيك السقوط" او "كبا فوق". . هذا المعنى الحرفي قد يستخدم ايضا في سياق رمزي, اذا كان يؤدي المعنى الصحيح في هذا السياق. . بالنسبة للاستعمالات الرمزية قد لا يكون المعنى الحرفي مفهوما في اللغة المستهدفة, "تعثر" يمكن ان تترجم ب, "اخطأ" او "توقف عن الايمان" او "كبا" او "اصبح ضعيفا", حسب السياق.

تعدي

"التعدي" هو كسر القانون او اغتصاب حقوق شخص اخر. . التعدي قد يكون اغتصاب قانون مدني او اخلاقي او خطيئة ترتكب ضد شخص اخر. . هذا اللفظ مرتبط باللفظ "خطيئة", و خصوصا اذا تعلق الامر بعصيان الله. . كل الخطايا هي تعدي ضد الله.

اقتراحات الترجمة . على حسب السياق, " التعدي ضد" يمكن ان يترجم "ان يخطيء ضد" او "ان يكسر القاعدة". . قد يكون لبعض اللغات تعبير مثل "تجاوز الحد" قد تستخدم لترجمة "تعدي". . ضع في اعتبارك كيف يتناسب هذا اللفظ مع معنى النص في الكتاب المقدس المحيط و مقارنته بالالفاظ الاخرى التي لها نفس المعنى مثل "إثم" و "خطيئة".

تعهَد,ملتزم, تعهد

الالفاظ "تَعَهد" و "تعهدٌ" تشير الى اخذ قرار او وعد لفعل شيء ما. . كما يوصف الشخص الذي يعد بالقيام بشيء ما بأنه ملتزم به. . ان "تعهد" لشخص ما بمهمة معينة يعني تعيين تلك المهمة لذلك الشخص. مثال, في 2 كورنتوس قال بولس هذا ان الله "عهد" (او "اعطانا") إلينا بخدمة مساعدة الناس ليتصالحوا مع الله. . اللفظ "تعهد" او "ملتزم" عادة يشير الى عمل بعض الافعال الخاطئة مثل "ارتكاب الخطية" او " ارتكاب الزنى" او " ارتكاب القتل". . التعبير "تهعد اليه بمهمة" ممكن ان تترجم كذلك ب "أعطاه مهمة" او "أوكل ايه مهمة" او "عين له مهمة". . اللفظ "تعهدٌ" ممكن ان يترجم ب, "المهمة التي اُعطيت" او " العهد الذي اعطيَ".

تعيين, معين

اللفظ " تعيين" او " معين" تشير الى تخصيص شخص ما للقيام بمهمة محددة. . النبي صموئيل تنبأ بأن الملك شاول "سوف يُعين" خيرة شباب بني اسرائيل للخدمة في التجنيد. . موسى "عيّن" لكل عشائر بني اسرائيل الاثنى عشر نصيبهم في ارض كنعان الذي سوف يعيشون فيه. . تحت شريعة العهد القديم, بعض من عشائر بني اسرائيل عُينت للخدمة ك كهنة, فنانون, مغنون, و بناؤون. . على حسب السياق, " تعيين" ممكن ان تترجم ب "اعطاء" او "تخصيص" او " مختار للمهمة كذا".

تفاخر, مفتخر

اللفظ "تفاخر" يعني التكلم بافتخار على شيء ما او شخص ما. غالبا يعني التباهي بنفسه. . الشخص "المتباهي" يتكلم عن نفسه بإفتخار. . الله وبّخ الاسرائيليين من اجل " التباهي ب" اوثانهم. لقد عبدوا بغرور الالهة الغريبة بدلا من الله الحي. . الكتاب المقدس كذلك يتكلم عن اناس يتفاخرون باشياء مثل ثروتهم, قوتهم, حقولهم المثمرة, شريعتهم. هذا يعني انهم فخورون بهذه الاشياء و لا يعترفون بأن الله هو الذي يعطي هذه الاشياء. . حث الله الاسرائيليين بدلا من ذلك على "التفاخر" و التباهي حول حقيقة انهم يعرفونه هو. . الرسول, بولس تكلم ايضا على التفاخر بالرب, الذي يعني ان يكون مسرورا وشاكرا لله على كل ما فعله من اجله .

اقتراحات الترجمة . طرق اخرى لترجمة "تفاخر" ممكن ان تتضمن "تكلم بتكبر" او "تكبر". . اللفظ "مفتخر" ممكن ان يترجم بكلمة او عبارة تعني, "مليء بكلام التكبر" او "متكبر" او "يتكلم يتكبر عن نفسه". . في سياق التفاخر فيما يخص معرفة الله, هذا ممكن ان يترجم ب " نفتخر في" او " نمجد" او "اكون مسرور جدا ب" او "تقديم الشكر لله من اجل". . بعض اللغات تحتوي على كلمتين لل "التكبر": احدهم سلبي, بالمعنى ان يصبح مغرور, والمعنى الاخر ايجابي, بالمعنى الفخر بعمل ما, عائلة, او بلد.

تقدمة الحبوب

تقدمة الحبوب هي تقدمة من دقيق القمح او الشعير التي تقدم الى الله, عادة بعد تقدمة المحرقة. . الحبوب التي تستخدم لتقدمة الحبوب يجب ان تكون كاملة. احيانا تطبخ قبل تقديمها, و في احيان اخرى تترك غير مطبوخة. . يضاف الزيت و الملح الى الدقيق, و لكن لا يسمح بالخميرة او العسل. . جزء من تقدمة الدقيق يحرق و جزء يُأكل من طرف الكهنة.

تقدمة الدقيق, تقدمة الحبوب

"تقدمة الدقيق" او "تقدمة الحبوب" هي تقدمة تقدم الى الله على شكل حبوب او خبز مصنوع من طحين الحبوب. . اللفظ "دقيق" تشير الى الحبوب التي تطحن الى ان تصبح دقيقا. . يمزج الطحين بالماء او الزيت ليصنع منه خبزا مسطحا. في بعض الاحيان يوضع الزيت على سطح الخبز. . هذا النوع من التقدمة يقدم عادة مع تقدمة المحرقة.

تقدمة الشراب

تقدمة الشراب هي تقدمة لله و التي تتضمن سكب الخمر على المذبح. و هي عادة تقدم مع تقدمة المحرقة وتقدمة الحبوب. . اشار بولس الى ان حياته بدأت تنسكب مثل تقدمة الشراب. هذا يعني انه وهب نفسه بالكامل لخدمة الله و إخبار الاخرين عن يسوع, بالرغم من انه يعلم لنه يجب ان يتألم و من المحتمل ان يموت من اجل هذا. . موت يسوع على الصليب كان تقدمة السكيب النهائية, دمه المسكوب على الصليب من اجل الخطايا.

اقتراحات الترجمة . طريقة اخرى لترجمة هذا اللفظ ممكن ان تكون, "تقدمة خمر العنب". . عندما قال بولس انه سوف "سينسكب مثل تقدمة" هذا ممكن ان يرجم ب, "انا ملتزم إلتزاما كاملا بتعليم رسالة الله للاخرين, تماما مثل تقدمة الخمر الذي يسكب بالكامل على المذبح".

تقدمة طوعية

التقدمة الطوعية هي نوع من التقدمات لله الغير لم تتطلبها شريعة موسى. والتي يختار الشخص طوعا ان يقدمها. . اذا كانت التقدمة الطوعية من الحيوان الذي يقدم للذبيحة, يسمح ان يكون للحيوان عيوب طفيفة لانه تقدمة طوعية. . يأكل الاسرائيليون الحيوان المذبوح للتقدمة كجزء من احتفال العيد. . عندما تقدم التقدمة الطوعية, تكون سبب فرح للاسرائيليين لان هذا يبين ان الحصاد كان جيدا و انه سيكون لدى الشعب وفرة من الطعام. . سفر عزرا يصف مختلف انواع التقدمات الطوعية التي احضرت لترميم الهيكل. هذه التقدمات هي ذهب و فضة و مال, اضافة الى الاواني و بعض الاشياء الاخرى المصنوعة من الذهب والفضة.

تقليد

اللفظ "تقليد" يشير الى العادات و الممارسات التي تم حفظها عبر الزمن و التي انتقلت من الناس قديما الى الاجيال التي بعدها. . عادة في الكتاب المقدس الكلمة "تقليد" تشير الى تعاليم و ممارسات يفعلها الناس, و ليست هي شريعة الله. التعبير, "تقليد الناس" او " تقليد بشري" يوضح هذا. . عبارة مثل "تقليد الشيوخ" او "تقاليد آباءي" يشير بالخصوص الى عادات و ممارسات يهودية يمارسها قادة اليهود اضافوها عبر الزمن الى شريعة الله التي اعطاها لبني اسرائيل من خلال موسى. عادة من خلال هذه التقاليد المضافة و التي لم تكن من عند الله, اعتقد الناس انه يجب طاعتها بهدف التقوى. . استخدم الرسول بولس ايضا اللفظ "تقليد" بطرق مختلفة للاشارة الى تعاليم عن المسيحية التي تأتي من الله و هذا ما يعلم به هو و الرسل الاخرين. . في العصور الحالية, هناك العديد من التقاليد المسيحية التي لم يتم تعليمها في الكتاب المقدس, و لكنها جاءت كنتيجة الى عادات و ممارسات قبلت عبر التاريخ. هذه التقاليد يجب ان تفحص دائما على ضوء ما يعلمه الله في الكتاب المقدس.

تقي, تقوى

اللفظ "تقي"يستخدم للاشارة الى الشخص الذي يسلك بطريقة تمجد الله و تظهر كيف يكون الله. "تقوى" هي الصفات الشخصية لتمجيد الله بعمل ارادته. . الشخص الذي يعتبر تقي هو الذي يظهر ثمر الروح القدس, مثل المحبة, الفرح, السلام, الصبر, اللطف, وضبط النفس. . مميزات التقوى تظهر ان هذا الشخص ممتلىء من الروح القدس و يطيعه.

اقتراحات الترجمة

العبارة, "اتقياء" ممكن ان تترجم ب, "اناس اتقياء" او "الاشخاص الذين يطيعون الله".

تكاثر

اللفظ "تكاثر" يعني الزيادة الكثيرة في العدد. و قد تعني ايضا التسبب في زيادة الكمية, مثل التسبب في تكثير الالم. . امر الله الكائنات من حيوان و انسان ب "التكاثر" و ملء الارض. و هذه وصية لانتاج عدد اكثر من نوعهم. . ضاعف يسوع الخبز و السمك بهدف اطعام 5000 شخص. استمرت كمية الطعام في الزيادة الى ان اصبح الطعام كاف للجميع. . على حسب السياق, هذا اللفظ يمكن ترجمته ايضا ب, "زيادة" او "تسبب في زيادة" او "زيادة كبيرة في العدد" او "اصبح كثير العدد" او "اصبح اكثر كثيرا". . العبارة "اكثر تكثيرا اوجاعك" يمكن ان تترجم ب, "اجعل آلامك تصبح اكثر صعوبة" او "اجعلك تختبر اكثر بكثير". . "اكثار الخيول" يعني "الطمع في الحصول على خيول اكثر" او "الحصول على اكبر عدد من الخيول".

تلقى

اللفظ "تلقى" غالبا ما يعني ان يعطى او ان يتسلم شيئا ممنوحا, مهدى, او مقدما. . ان "يتلقى" قد يعني ايضا ان يتألم او ان يختبر شيئا, مثل القول "تلقى عقاب ما فعله". . و له معنى خاص فيما قد "يتلقاه "الشخص. على سبيل المثال, "استقبال" الضيوف او الزوار يعني الترحيب بهم و معاملتهم بكرم بهدف بناء علاقات معهم. . ان "تتلقون هبة الروح القدس" يعني ان يعطى لنا الروح القدس وان نرحب به لكي يعمل فينا و من خلال حياتنا. . ان "يقبل يسوع" يعني ان يقبل عطية الخلاص من عند الله من خلال يسوع المسيح. . عندما "يتلقى" شخص اعمى بصره هذا يعني ان الله شفاه و اعطاه القدرة كي يبصر.

اقتراحات الترجمة . على حسب السياق, "تلقى" يمكن ان تترجم ب, "تقبل" او "رحّب" او "اختبر" او "يُعطى". . التعبير, "سوف تتلقى قوة" يمكن ان تترجم ب, "سوف تعطى لك قوة" او "تمنح لك قوة".

تلميذ

اللفظ "تلميذ" يشير الى الشخص الذي يقضي وقت طويل مع المعلم. يتعلم من سلوك و تعليم المعلم. . الناس الذين تبعوا يسوع هنا وهناك, يستمعون الى تعاليمه و يطيعونها, سموا "تلاميذه". . يوحنا المعمدان كان له هو الاخر تلاميذ. . خلال فترة خدمة يسوع, كان هناك الكثير من التلاميذ الذين يتبعونه و يسمعون تعليمه. . إختار يسوع اثنى عشر تلميذ ليكونوا تلاميذه المقربين, اصبح هؤلاء الرجال "رسله". . عُرف رسل يسوع الاثنى عشر على انهم "تلاميذه" او "الاثنى عشر". . قبل ان يصعد يسوع الى السماء بقليل طلب من تلاميذه ان يعلموا الآخرين كذلك عن الكيفية التي يكونوا بها تلاميذ ليسوع. . اي واحد يؤمن بيسوع و يطيع تعاليمه يسمى تلميذ ليسوع.

اقتراحات الترجمة

. اللفظ "تلميذ" ممكن ان يترجم بكلمة او عبارة يكون معناها "تابع" او "طالب" او "متعلم". . تأكد من ان ترجمة هذا اللفظ لا تشير الى الطالب الذي يدرس في قسم المدرسة. . ترجمة هذا اللفظ يجب ان تكون ايضا مختلفة عن ترجمة "رسول".

تمرد, متمرد, تمردٌ

اللفظ "تمرد" يعني ان يرفض الخضوع لشخص ذو سلطة. ال "متمرد" هو الذي دائما ما يعصي الاوامر و يفعل اشياء شريرة. هذا النوع من الاشخاص يدعى "متمرد". . يكون الشخص متمردا عندما يفعل شيء يتنافى مع ما اُمر به من طرف السلطة الاعلى منه. . يمكن ايضا ان يتمرد الشخص برفضه فعل ما أُمر به من طرف السلطة الاعلى منه. . يتمرد الناس احيانا ضد حكوماتهم او ضد حكامهم الذين يحكمونهم. . اللفظ "يتمرد" يمكن ان يترجم ب "يعصي" او "يثور" على حسب السياق. . "متمرد" يمكن ان يترجم ايضا ب "يستمر في عصيانه" او "يرفض الطاعة". . اللفظ "متمردٌ" يعني "رافض للطاعة" او "عاصي" او "مخالف للشريعة". . العبارة "المتمرد" او "متمرد" يمكن ايضا ان تشير الى مجموعة منظمة من الناس التي تجاهر بعصيانها ضد السلطات الحاكمة بمخالفة القوانين و مهاجمة القادة و الاخرين. عادة ما يحاولون جذب اناس اخرين للانضمام اليهم في عصيانهم. :( انظر ايضا" سلطة.حاكم)

تملّك, امتلاك

اللفظين "تملك" و "إمتلاك" عادة ما يشيران الى إمتلاك شيء ما. و يمكن ان يحملا معنى وجود السيطرة على شيء ما او احتلال ارض ما. . في العهد القديم, يستخدم هذا اللفظ عادة في سياق "إمتلاك" او "حيازة" مساحة من الارض. . عندما امر الرب بني اسرائيل " بإمتلاك" ارض كنعان, هذا يعني انه عليهم الذهاب الى هذه الارض و العيش هناك. و هذا يتضمن اولا طرد الشعوب الكنعانية التي تسكن هناك. . قال الله لبني اسرائيل انه سوف يعطيهم ارض كنعان "ملكا لهم". يمكن ترجمة هذا ايضا ب, "مكانهم الصحيح للعيش فيه". . دعي كذلك بنو اسرائيل "ملكية خاصة" للرب. هذا يعني انهم ينتمون إليه كشعبه الذي دعي خصيصا لكي يعبده و يخدمه.

اقتراحات الترجمة . اللفظ "تملّك" يمكن ايضا ان يترجم ب, "ملك" او "لديه" او "لديه مسؤولية على". . العبارة, "تملّك على" يمكن ان تترجم ب "خذ السلطة على" او "اهتم" او "اسكن في", على حسب السياق. . عندما تشير الى الاشياء التي يمتلكها الناس, "ملكية" يمكن ان تترجم ب, "امتعة" او "الاشياء الخاصة" او "الاشياء التي تخصهم". . عندما دعى الرب بني اسرائيل, "ملكا لي" يمكن ان يترجم هذا ايضا ب "شعبي الخاص بي" او "الشعب الذي ينتمي لي" او "شعبي الذي احبه و املك عليه". . الجملة, "تصبح مُلكا لهم" عندما تشير الى الارض, تعني "انهم سوف يحتلون الارض" او "الارض ستكون ملكا لهم". . التعبير, "وجدت في حوزته" يمكن ان تترجم ب, "كشيء تملكه" او "الذي كان معه". . العبارة "كملك لك" يمكن ان يترجم ب, "كشيء ينتمي إليك"

تنور

التنور هو فرن كبير جدا يستخدم لتسخين الاشياء في درجة حرارة عالية. . في الاومنة الغابرة, معظم التنور كانت تستخدم لصهر المعادن لصنع ادوات مثل ادوات الطبخ, مجوهرات, اسلحة, و تماثيل. . يستخدم التنور ايضا لتجفيف الفخار. . في بعض الاحيان يشار الى التنور مجازيا ليعبر عن شيء ساخن جدا.

توبال

هناك العديد من الرجال في العهد القديم يحملون اسم "توبال". . احد الرجال اسمه توبال و هو احد ابناء يافث. . رجل اسمه "توبال قايين" هو ابن لامك و حفيد قايين. . توبال هو ايضا اسم شعب ذكر من طرف النبي اشعياء و حزقيال.

توبيخ

التوبيخ هو ان يعطي لشخص ما تقويم شفوي صارم, عادة بهدف مساعدة هذا الشخص للرجوع عن الخطية. . يحث العهد الجديد المؤمنين بالمسيح على توبيخ كل من لا يطيع الله. . يعلم سفر الامثال الآباء ان يوبخوا ابناءهم عندما يكونوا غير طائعين. . عادة ما يحول التوبيخ الممنوح للشخص الذي ارتكب الخطأ دون الانغماس اكثر في الخطيئة. . هذا يمكن ان يترجم ب, "تصحيح بشدة" او "عتاب". . العبارة "التوبيخ" يمكن ان تترجم ب, "تقويم صارم" او "انتقاد قوي". . بدون توبيخ" يمكن ان تترجم ب, "بدون عتاب" او "بدون نقد".

توما

توما هو احد الرجال الاثني عشر الذين اختارهم يسوع ليكونوا تلاميذه و فيما بعد رسله. كان يعرف ايضا ب "التوأم"عندما قاربت نهاية حياة يسوع على الارض, قال لتلاميذه انه سوف يذهب ليكون مع الآب و انه سيعد لهم مكانا ليكونوا معه. سأل توما يسوع كيف يعرفون الطريق المؤدي الى هناك مالم يعرفوا الى اين سيذهب. . بعد موت يسوع و قيامته, قال توما انه لن يؤمن بأن يسوع عاد الى الحياة مرة اخرى ما لم يرى و يلمس الجروح التي اصيب بها يسوع.

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تيخيكس

تيخيكس هو احد اتباع بولس من خدماته التبشيرية. . رافق تيخيكس بولس خلال رحتله التبشيرية الاخيرة الى آسيا. . وصفه بولس بأنه "المحبوب" و "الامين". . تيخكس هو الذي اوصل رسائل بولس الى افسس و كولوسي.

تيطس

تيطس هو رجل وثني اصبح مؤمنا بالمسيح من خلال خدمة الرسول بولس. و دُرب من طرف بولس ليكون قائدا للكنيسة الاولى. . كتبت رسالة الى تيطس من طرف بولس و هي واحدة من اسفار العهد الجديد. . في هذه الرسالة اعطى بولس تعليمات لتيطس لكي يعين شيوخا للكنائس في جزيرة كريت. . في بعض رسائله الاخرى الى المؤمنين, ذكر بولس تيطس كأحد مشجعيه و جالبي السعادة الى نفسه.

تيموتاوس

تيموتاوس هو شاب من لسترة اصبح مؤمنا بالمسيح نتيجة لخدمة بولس في مدينته. إلتحق ببولس فيما بعد خلال العديد من الرحلات التبشيرية و ساعده على تأسيس كنائس جديدة. . كان والده يوناني, لكن كل من جدته لوئيس و امه افنيكي كانتا من اليهود الذين آمنوا بالمسيح يسوع. . بولس و الشيوخ عينوا رسميا تيموتاوس للخدمة بوضع ايديهم عليه و الصلاة من اجله. . سفرين من العهد الجديد ( تيموتاوس1 , و تيموتاوس2) هما رسالتان كتبهما بولس, يوفر فيهما توجيها لتيموتاوس كقائد شاب للكنائس المحلية.

تين

التين هو فاكهة صغيرة, ناعمة, حلوة تنمو في اشجار, عندما تنضج , هذه الفاكهة ممكن ان تكون بألوان مختلفة, منها البني, الاصفر, او البنفسجي. . شجرة التين ممكن ان تنمو لتصل الى طول 6 امتار لها اوراق كبيرة توفر ظل لطيف. يكون طول الفاكهة بين 3 و5 سنتيمتر. . ادم و حواء استخدما اوراق التين ليصنعا ألبسة لانفسهما بعد ان أخطآ. . يؤكل التين طازجا, مطبوخا, او مجففا. كذلك يقطعه الناس الى قطع صغيرة و يضغطونه على شكل اقراص ليؤكل فيما بعد. . في زمن الكتاب المقدس, كان التين يعتبر مصدرا مهما للطعام و الدخل. . ذكر اشجار التين المثمرة عادة ما يشار اليه في الكتاب المقدس كرمز للازدهار. . في العديد من المرات استخدم يسوع التين كمثال ليعلم تلاميذه حقائق روحية.

ثابر, مثابرة

اللفظين "ثابر" و "مثابرة"يشيران الى الاستمرار في فعل شيء ما حتى و ان كان يبدو صعبا و يستغرق الكثير من الوقت. . ان يثابر قد يعني ايضا الحفاظ على التمثل بحياة المسيح حتى اثناء الاجتياز في مصاعب و ضروف قاسية. . شخص لديه "مثابرة" هذا يعني ان لديه القدرة على الاستمرار في القيام بما يجب عليه فعله حتى و ان كان ذلك مؤلما او صعبا. . استمرار الايمان بما يعلمه الله يتطلب مثابرة, و خصوصا في مواجهة التعاليم الخاطئة. . كن حذرا من استعمال كلمة مثل "عنيد" التي غالبا تحمل معنى سلبي.

ثابوت

اللفظ, "ثابوت" لغويا يشير الى صندوق خشبي مستطيل صنع للاحتفاظ بشيء ما اولحماية شيء ما. الثابوت ممكن ان يكون كبير او صغير الحجم حسب الغرض الذي صنع من اجله. . في الكتاب المقدس الانجليزي, كلمة "ثابوت" استعملت اولا للاشارة الى الفلك الخشبي المستطيل و الكبير الذي بناه نوح للنجاة من الطوفان الكبير. الثابوت كان له قاع مسطح و سقف و جدران. . طرق ترجمة هذا اللفظ ممكن ان تشمل, "قارب كبير جدا" , او "بارجة" او "سفينة شحن", او "قارب مربع الشكل". . الكلمة في اللغة العبرية تستعمل للاشارة الى القارب الضخم و هي نفس الكلمة التي تستعمل ل السلة او الصندوق الذي حمل الطفل موسى عندما وضعته امه في نهر النيل لاخفاءه. و هو عادة ما يترجم الى "سلة". . في العبارة "ثابوت العهد" كلمات عبرية مختلفة اسنعملت للكلمة "ثابوت". ممكن ان تترجم ب"صندوق" او "اناء". . عند اختيار لفظ لترجمة "ثابوت", من المهم ان ان نلاحظ في اي سياق و اي قياس هو و في ماذا سيستعمل.

ثابوت العهد,ثابوت مراسيم العهد, ثابوت الرب

تشير هذه الكلمات الى صندوق خشبي خاص, مغلف بالذهب, و يحتوي بداخله على لوحي الشريعة التي كتبت عليهما الوصايا العشر. و يحتوي كذلك على عصا هارون و وعاء من المن. . اللفظ "ثابوت" هنا ممكن ان يترجم ب "صندوق" او "علبة" او " وعاء". . الاشياء الموضوعة في هذا الصندوق تذكر بني اسرائيل بعهد الله معهم. . ثابوت العهد كان يوضع في "قدس الاقداس". . حضور الله كان يخيم على ثابوت العهد في قدس الاقداس في خيمة الاجتماع, اين كان يتكلم لموسى نيابة عن بني اسرائيل. . خلال ذلك الوقت كان ثابوت العهد في قدس الاقداس, و كان الكبير الكهنة هو الشخص الوحيد الذي بامكانه ان يقترب من الثابوت, مرة واحدة في العام في يوم الغفران. . العديد من الترجمات الانجليزية تترجم هذا اللفظ "مراسيم العهد" لغويا ب "شهادة". وتشير الى حقيقة ان الوصايا العشر كانت شهادة تشهد على عهد الله مع شعبه. و كذلك ترجمت ب "شريعة العهد".

ثامار

ثامار هو اسم العديد من نساء العهد القديم. و هو كذلك اسم العديد من المدن او اماكن اخرى في العهد القديم. . ثامار هي كنة يهوذا. و قد انجبت فارص الذي جاء من نسله المسيح يسوع. . واحدة من بنات الملك داود كان اسمها ثامار, و كانت اخت ابشالوم. و اخوها غير الشقيق امنون اغتصبها و هجرها. . أبشالوم ايضا لديه ابنة اسمها ثامار. . المدينة المسماة "حزيزن ثامار" هي نفسها مدينة عين جدي الواقعة على الشاطيء الغربي لبحر الملح. و هناك ايضا "بعل ثامار". و هناك اشارات عامة لاماكن تسمى "ثامار" التي قد تكون اماكن مختلفة عن هذه المدن.

ثقة, جدير بالثقة

اللفظ "ثقة" يشير الى الايمان بأن شخص ما او شيء ما هو حق او جدير بالثقة. شخص "جدير بالثقة" يمكن ان يعتمد عليه لفعل او لقول ما هو حق و صدق. . الثقة قريبة الارتباط بالايمان. اذا كنا نثق بشخص ما’ فإننا نؤمن بأن هذا الشخص يفعل ما وعد بفعله. . ان يكون لدينا ثقة في شخص ما يعني ايضا الاعتماد على هذا الشخص. . ان "نثق "بيسوع يعني ان نؤمن انه هو الله و انه مات على الصليب ليدفع ثمن خطايانا, و ان تعتمد عليه ليخلصنا. . "قول جدير بالثقة" يشير الى شيء يقال و يمكن الاعتماد عليه ليكون صحيحا.

اقتراحات الترجمة . طرق لترجمة "ثقة" يمكن ان تشمل, "تصديق" او "لديه ايمان" او "لديه ثقة" او "يعتمد على". . العبارة "ضع ثقتك في" شبيهة جدا بالقول "ثق في". . اللفظ "جدير بالثقة" يمكن ان يترجم ب, "يعتمد عليه" او "موثوق فيه" او "يمكن دائما ان يكون موثوق به".

ثلج

اللفظ "ثلج" يشير الى الرقائق البيضاء من المياه المتجمدة التي تتساقط من الغيوم في الاماكن التي تكون درجة الحرارة فيها منخفضة. . يسقط الثلج في الاماكن المرتفعة في اسرائيل, و لكن لا يبقى كثيرا على الارض قبل ان يذوب. و لكنه يدوم لفترة اطول على قمم الجبال. ذكر مثال على هذا من الكتاب المقدس للثلج على جبل لبنان. . عندما يكون الشيء ابيضا فهو عادة ما يُقارن بلون الثلج, مثلما وُصفت ملابس يسوع و شعره على انه "ابيض كالثلج". . بياض الثلج يرمز ايضا للطهارة و النقاء. على سبيل المثال, التصريح بأن "خطايانا ستكون بيضاء كالثلج" يعني ان الله سوف يطهر شعبه من خطاياهم بشكل نهائي. . ربما تشير بعض اللغات الى الثلج ب "مطر متجمد" او "رقائق الجليد" او "رقائق متجمدة". . "مياه الثلج" تشير الى المياه الناتجة من ذوبان الثلج.

ثمر, مثمر

اللفظ "ثمر" حرفيا يشير الى الجزء من النبات الذي يمكن اكله. يكون شيء ما "مثمرا" اي لديه الكثير من الثمر. هذه الالفاظ لها استخدامات مجازية في الكتاب المقدس. . يستخدم الكتاب المقدس عادة "ثمر" للاشارة الى افعال وافكار الشخص. مثل الثمر الذي على الشجرة الذي يظهر اي نوع من الشجر هي, بنفس الطريقة اقوال الشخص وافعاله تظهر شكل شخصيته. . يستطيع الشخص ان ينتج ثمرا روحيا جيدا او سيئا, لكن اللفظ "مثمر" دائما ما يحمل المعنى الايجابي لانتاج الكثير من الثمر الجيد. . اللفظ "مثمر" يستخدم كذلك مجازيا ليقصد به "مزدهر". هذا عادة يشير الى الكثير من الابناء والاحفاد, بالاضافة الى الوفرة في الغذاء و الممتلكات الاخرى. . بصفة عامة, التعبير "ثمر ال" يشير الى اي شيء نتج من او صدر من شيء اخر. على سبيل المثال, "ثمر الحكمة" يشير الى الاشياء الجيدة التي تأتي من كونه حكيما. . التعبير "ثمار الارض" يشير بصفة عامة الى كل الاشياء التي تنتجها الارض للناس لكي يأكلوها. هذا لا يتضمن فقط الثمار مثل العنب او التمور, و لكن كذلك الخضروات, الجوز, و الحبوب. . التعبير المجازي "ثمر الروح" يشير الى الصفات الجيدة التي ينتجها الروح القدس في حياة الناس الذين يطيعونه. . التعبير, "ثمرة الرحم" يشير الى ما ينتجه الرحم, "الذي هو الابناء".

اقتراحات الترجمة

. من الافضل ترجمة هذا اللفظ بإستخدام الكلمة العامة ل "ثمر" التي تستخدم بشكل مألوف في اللغة المستهدفة و التي تشير الى فاكهة صالحة للاكل او فاكهة الشجر. في العديد من اللغات قد يكون مألوفا اكثر استخدام صيغة الجمع. . على حسب السياق, اللفظ "مثمر"ممكن ان يترجم ب, "ينتج الكثير من الثمر الروحي" او "يمتلك العديد من الابناء" او "مزدهر". . التعبير, "ثمار الارض" ممكن ان يترجم ب, "الطعام الذي تنتجه الارض" او "محاصيل الطعام التي تنمو في تلك المنطقة". . عندما خلق الله الحيوانات و الانسان, امرهم ان يكونوا "يثمروا ويتكاثروا", الذي يشير الى وجود ذرية كثيرة. هذا من الممكن ان يترجم ب,"وجود نسل كثير" او "وجود الكثير من الابناء و الاحفاد" او "وجود الكثير من الابناء الذي به يصبح لك الكثير من الاحفاد". . التعبير "ثمرة الرحم" ممكن ان تترجم ب "الذي ينتج من الرحم" او "الابناء الذين تنجبهم المرأة" او فقط "الابناء". عندما قالت اليصابات لمريم, "مباركة ثمرة بطنك" قصدت, "مبارك الابن الذي سوف تنجبينه". اللغة المستهدفة قد يكون لديها تعبيرات مختلفة لهذا. .تعبير اخر, "ثمر الكرمة" ممكن ان يترجم ب "ثمار الكرمة" او "عنب". . على حسب السياق, التعبير "سيثمر اكثر" ممكن ان يترجم ب, "سوف ينتج المزيد من الثمر" او "سوف يكون له المزيد من الابناء" او "سوف يكون مزدهرا". . تعبير الرسول بولس, "عمل مثمر" ممكن ان يترجم ب, "العمل الذي يأتي بنتائج جيدة" او "الجهد الذي تظهر نتيجته في الكثير من المؤمنين بيسوع". . "ثمر الروح القدس" ممكن ان تترجم ب "الاعمال التي ينتجها الروح القدس" او "الاقوال والافعال التي تظهر ان الروح القدس عمل فيك".

ثمل, سكير

اللفظ "ثمل" يعني ان يكون مخمورا بشربه كمية كبيرة من المشروبات الكحولية. . ال "سكير" هو الشخص الذي يسكر عادة.هذا النوع من الاشخاص ممكن ان يُشار له ب "مدمن كحول". . يقول الكتاب المقدس للمؤمنين ان لا بسكروا بالخمر, بل ان يكونوا مملوؤون بالروح القدس. . يعلم الكتاب المقدس ان السكر يؤثر على الشخص و يجعله غير حكيم لارتكاب الخطية بطرق اخرى. . طرق اخرى لترجمة "سكير" ممكن ان تتضمن, "ثمل" او "مخمور" او "وجود الكثير من الحكول" او "مملوء بمشروب الخمر"

ثمين

اللفظ "ثمين" يصف الناس او الاشياء التي تعتبر ذات قيمة عالية. . اللفظ "حجارة ثمينة" او "جواهر ثمينة" يشير الى حجارة و معادن ملونة او لديها مميزات اخرى تجعلها جميلة و مفيدة. . امثلة على الحجارة الثمينة يتضمن الماس, الياقوت, و الزمرد. . الذهب و الفضة تسمى "معادن ثمينة". . قال الرب عن شعبه انه "ثمين" في نظره (1 بط 3: 4). . يمكن ان يترجم ها اللفظ ايضا ب, "ذو قيمة" او "عزيز جدا" او "عزيز" او "ذو قيمة عالية".

ثور, ثيران

"الثور" يشير الى نوع من الماشية المدربة خصوصا للقيام بنوع من الاعمال الفلاحية. جمع ثور هو " ثيران". عادة ما تكون الثيران ذكور تم اخصاؤها. . عبر الكتاب المقدس, صورت الثيران على انها حيوانات تربط مع بعضها بواسطة نير لجر عربة او محراث. . تعمل الثيران معا تحت نير مثل كحالة مشتركة في الكتاب المقدس العبارة يكون تحت نير" يصبح استعارة للعمل الشاق. . الفحل هو ايضا نوع من ذكر الماشية, و لكن لم يتم اخصاؤه و لا يعامل مثلما يعامل الحيوان الذي يتم استخدامه في عمل الفلاحة.

جابي ضرائب

"جابي الضرائب" هو موظف حكومي مهمته جمع المال الواجب على الناس دفعه الى الحكومة على شكل ضرائب. . في زمن يسوع و الرسل, كانت الحكومة الرومانية تجمع الضرائب من كل شخص يعيش داخل الامبراطورية الرومانية, بما في ذلك اليهود. . الاشخاص الذين يجمعون المال للحكومة الرومانية يطلبون من الناس عادة المزيد من المال اكثر مما تفرضه الحكومة. يحتفظ جامعو الضرائب بهذا الفائض لانفسهم. . لأن جامعي الضرائب يخدعون الناس بهذه الطريقة, يعتبرهم اليهود ضمن فئة الخطاة. . يعتبر اليهود جامعي الضرائب من اليهود خونة لشعبهم لانهم يعملون لدى الحكومة الرومانية المعادية للشعب اليهودي. . العبارة, "جباة الضرائب و الخطاة" هو تعبير شائع في العهد الجديد, يبين كم يحتقر اليهود جباة الضرائب.

جاد

جاد اسم احد ابناء يعقوب, الذي هو اسرائيل. . اصبحت عائلة جاد واحدة من عشائر بني اسرائيل الاثني عشر. . رجل اخر في الكتاب المقدس اسمه جاد كان النبي الذي واجه الملك داود بخطيئة احصاءه لشعب اسرائيل. . المدن, بعلجاد و مجدلجاد هما كلمتان في النص الاصلي و في بعض الاحيان تكتبان هكذا, "بعل جاد" و "مجدل جاد".

جاسان

جاسان هو اسم المنطقة الخصبة من الارض التي تقع على طول نهر النيل في الجزء الشمالي من مصر. . عندما ملك يوسف على مصر, ابوه و اخوته و عائلاتهم جاؤوا ليسكنوا في جاسان هربا من المجاعة في كنعان. . هم و ذرياتهم اقاموا في جاسان لمدة 400 سنة, و بعد هذا اجبروا على العبودية من طرف فرعون مصر. . اخيرا بعث الله موسى لمساعدة شعب اسرائيل للخروج من ارض جاسان و التخلص من العبودية.

جبرائيل

جبرائيل هو اسم احد ملائكة الله. الذي ذكر بالاسم في العديد من المرات, في كل من العهد القديم و الجديد. . بعث الله جبرائيل ليقول للنبي دانيال معنى الحلم الذي رآه. . مرة اخرى, عندما كان دانيال يصلي, ظهر له الملاك جبرائيل و اخبره بنبؤات عما سوف يحدث في المستقبل. وصفه دانيال انه يشبه "رجل". . في العهد الجديد مذكور ان جبرائيل جاء الى زكريا بنبوءة عن زوجته اليصابات التي ستنجب طفلا, يوحنا. . بعد ستة اشهر, اُرسل جبرائيل الى مريم ليقول لها ان الله سيجعلها تحمل بطريقة معجزية بطفل سوف يكون هو "ابن الله". قال جبرائيل لمريم ان تسمي طفلها, "يسوع".

جبعة

جبعة هو اسم مدينة تقع شمال اورشليم و جنوب بيت ايل. . جبعة كانت تقع في اقليم عشيرة بنيامين. . كانت موقعا لمعركة كبيرة بين البنيامينيين و اسرائيل.

جبعون, جبعونيون

جبعون هي مدينة تقع على بعد 13 كيلومتر شمال غرب اورشليم. الناس الذين يسكنون في جبعون هم الجبعونيون. . عندما سمع الجبعونيون عن الاسرائيلين و كيف استولوا على مدينة اريحا و عاي, ارتعبوا خوفا. . فجاء الجبعونيون للقاء قادة اسرائيل في الجلجال و تظاهروا انهم اناس من بلاد بعيدة. . انخدع قادة اليهود و قطعوا عهدا مع الجبعونيين بان يقدموا لهم الحماية وان لا يقضوا عليهم.

جبل الزيتون

جبل الزيتون هو تل كبير يقع قرب الجهة الشرقية لمدينة اورشليم. . في العهد القديم, يشار الى هذا الجبل احيانا "الجبل الواقع شرق اورشليم". . يسجل العهد الجديد العديد من المناسبات التي قصد فيها يسوع و تلاميذه جبل الزيتون للصلاة و الراحة. . تم القبض على يسوع في بستان جتسيماني, الذي يقع في جبل الزيتون. . يمكن ترجمته ايضا ب "تل الزيتون" او "جبل اشجار الزيتون".

جبل حرمون

جبل حرمون هو اسم اعلى جبل في اسرائيل في الجهة الجنوبية لسلسلة جبال لبنان. . يقع شمال بحر الجليل, الى الحدود الشمالية بين اسرائيل و سوريا. . اطلقت العديد من الاسماء على جبل حرمون من طرف شعوب اخرى مثل "جبل سيريون" و "جبل سينير". . لجبل حرمون ثلاث قمم كبيرة. اكبر قمة تبلغ حوالي 2800 متر طولا.

جث

جث هي احد المدن الكبرى لفلسطين. تقع شمال عقرون و شرق اشدود واشقلون. . المقاتل الفلسطيني جليات كان من جث. . خلال الفترة التي عاش فيها صموئيل, استولى الفلسطينيون على ثابوت العهد من اسرائيل و اخذوه الى معبد الههم الوثني في اشدود. ثم نقلوه الى جث و لاحقا الى عقرون. لكن الله عاقب شعب هذه المدن بالمرض, لهذا قاموا بإرساله مجددا الى اسرائيل. . عندما هرب داود من الملك شاول, هرب الى جث و عاش هناك لفترة مع زوجتيه و رجاله الستمائة الذين كانوا اتباعه المخلصين.

جثسيماني

جثسيماني هو حقل من شجر الزيتون يقع شرق اورشليم وراء وادي قدرون قرب جبل الزيتون. . حقل جثسيماني هو المكان الذي كان يذهب اليه يسوع وتلاميذه ليكونوا وحدهم وليأخذوا قسطا من الراحة, بعيدا عن الجموع. . في جثسيماني اين صلى يسوع بحزن عميق, قبل ان يقبض عليه من طرف قادة اليهود.

جحيم, بحيرة النار

الجحيم هو مكان النهائي للعذاب و المعاناة الابدية الذي اعده الله لاي شخص تمرد عليه ورفض خطته للخلاص من خلال ذبيحة يسوع الكفارية. و يشار لها ايضا ب "بحيرة النار". . يوصف الجحيم على انه مكان النار و العذاب الشديد. . الشيطان و الارواح الشريرة الذين يتبعونه سوف يرمون في الجحيم من اجل العقاب الابدي. . الناس الذين لا يؤمنون بذبيحة يسوع الكفارية من اجل خطاياهم, و لا يثقون بخلاصه لهم, سوف يعاقبون الى الابد في الجحيم.

اقتراحات الترجمة

. هذه الالفاظ يجب ان تترجم مختلفة لانها تحدث في سياقات مختلفة. . بعض اللغات لا تستطيع استعمال "بحيرة" في عبارة" بحيرة النار" لانها تشير الى الماء. . اللفظ "جحيم" ممكن ان يترجم ب, " مكان العذاب" او "المكان النهائي للظلام و الالم". . اللفظ "بحيرة النار" ممكن ان يترجم كذلك ب, "بحر النار" او "النار الضخمة".

جدعون

جدعون هو رجل اسرائيلي اقامه الله لكي يحرر بني اسرائيل من اعدائهم. . في الفترة التي عاش فيها جدعون, شعب يدعى المديانيين هاجم الاسرائيليين و دمروا محاصيله. . بالرغم من ان جدعون كان خائفا, الا ان الله استخدمه ليقود بني اسرائيل لمحاربة المديانيين و هزيمتهم. . جدعون اطاع الله بأن هدم مذابح الالهة الغريبة بعل و السواري. . هو لم يقد الشعب فقط لهزيمة اعدائهم و لكنه ايضا شجعهم لكي يطيعوا الرب و يعبدونه, هو الاله الحي الحقيقي.

جراد

اللفظ "جراد" يشير الى نوع كبير من الجندب الطائر الذي يطير في بعض الاحيان في اسراب و هو مدمر جدا, و يأكل كل النباتات في طريقه. . الجراد و انواع اخرى من الجنادب هي حشرات مجنحة كبيرة مستقيمة لها ارجل طويلة مفصلية التي تعطيها القدرة على القفز طويلا. . في العهد القديم, تشير اسراب الجراد مجازيا كرمز او كصورة للدمار الشامل الذي يأتي كنتيجة لعدم طاعة بني اسرائيل. . ارسل الله الجراد في واحدة من الضربات العشر التي ضرب بها المصريين. . جاء في العهد الجديد ان الجراد كان مصدر الغذاء الاساسي ليوحنا المعمدان عندما كان يعيش في الصحراء.

جرار

جرار هي المدينة و المنطقة التي تقع في ارض كنعان, تقع جنوب شرق حبرون و شمال شرق بئر سبع. . الملك ابيمالك حكم جرار عندما كان ابراهيم و سارة مستقرين هناك. . سيطر الفلسطينيون على منطقة جرار خلال الفترة التي كان الاسرائيليين يعيشون في كنعان.

جرجاشيون

الجرجاشيون هم الشعب الذي سكن قرب بحر لجليل في بلاد كنعان. . و هم المنحدرون من كنعان ابن حام و هم واحد من الشعوب الذين يعرفون ايضا بال "كنعانيين". . وعد الله بني اسرائيل انه سوف يساعدهم ليتغلبوا على الجرجاشيين و الشعوب الكنعانية الاخرى. . مثل كل الشعوب الكنعانية الاخرى, الجرجاشيون يعبدون الالهة المزيفة و يقومون بأشياء غير اخلاقية كجزء من العبادة.

جريء, جرأة, جسارة

كل هذه الكلمات تشير الى امتلاك الشجاعة و الثقة لقول الحقيقة و عمل الصواب حتى عندما يكون ذلك صعبا او خطيرا. . الشخص ال "جريء" لا يخاف ان يقول وان يفعل الصواب والحق, يتضمن ذلك الدفاع عن الناس المستضعفين. هذا ممكن ان يترجم ب "شجاع" او "لا يعرف الخوف". . في العهد الجديد, التلاميذ استمروا "بجرأة" يبشرون بالمسيح في الاماكن العامة, على الرغم من خطر السجن او القتل. . من الممكن ان يترجم ب " بثقة" او "بشجاعة عظيمة" او "بشجاعة". . "جرأة" التلاميذ الاوائل في التكلم عن الاخبار السارة التي تخص موت المسيح الكفاري على الصليب انتج انتشار البشارة في كل اسرائيل و البلدان المجاورة, و في الاخير الى كل العالم. " الجسارة" ممكن ان تترجم كذلك ب "ثقة شجاعة".

جريمة, مجرم

اللفظ "جريمة" غالبا يشير اي خطية التي تتضمن كسر قانون بلد او دولة. اللفظ "مجرم" يشير الى الشخص الذي ارتكب الجريمة. . انواع الجريمة تشمل اشياء مثل قتل شخص او سرقة ممتلكات شخص ما. . غالبا ما يُقبض على المجرم و يترك في احد اشكال الحجز مثل السجن. . في زمن الكتاب المقدس, بعض المجرمين يصبحون لاجئين, هاربين من مكان الى اخر لكي ينجو من الاشخاص الذين تسببوا لهم في الضرر خوفا من الانتقام منهم بسبب جرائمهم.

جرّب, مجرّب

ان يُجرب شخصا ما هو جعل هذا الشخص يقوم بشيء خاطيء. . التجربة هي شيء تجعل الشخص يريد فعل شيء خاطيء. . يجرب الناس من طرف الطبيعة الخاطئة التي فيهم او من طرف الاخرين. . يحاول الشيطان ايضا ان يجرب الناس اكي يتمردوا على الله و يرتكبوا الخطية بفعل اشياء خاطئة. . جرب الشيطان يسوع و حاول ان يجعله يفعل شيئا خاطئا, لكن يسوع قاوم كل تجارب الشيطان و لم يخطيء ابدا. . اللفظ "جرّب" يستخدم ايضا للاشارة الى تجربة الله, و الذي يعني انه يستمر على عصيانه لدرجة انه يجب ان يرد عليه بمعاقبة هذا العصيان. و هذا ما يسمى ايضا "يجرب" الله.

اقتراحات الترجمة . اللفظ "جرّب" يمكن ان يترجم ب, "محاولة جعله يخطيء" او "إغراء" او "جعله يرغب في الخطية". . طرق لترجمة "تجربة" يمكن ان تشمل, "الاشياء التي تجرب" او "الاشياء التي تغري الشخص لكي يخطيء" او "الاشياء التي تسبب الرغبة في عمل شيء خاطيء". . في سياق تجربة الله, قد يترجم هذا ب, "وضع الله في اختبار" او "اختبار الله" او "يجرب صبر الله" او "يجعل الله يعاقب" او "عصيان الله بعناد".

جزاء

اللفظ "جزاء"يشير الى ما يحصل عليه الشخص مقابل شيء قام به, سواءا كان جيدا او سيئا. ان "يجازي" شخصا ما هو ان يعطيه شيئا يستحقه. . الجزاء قد يكون شيئا جيدا ايجابيا يحصل عليه الشخص بسبب شيء جيد قام به او بسبب طاعته لله. . قد يشير الجزاء في بعض الاحيان الى اشياء سلبية جاءت نتيجة سلوك سيء, مثل ما جاء في العبارة, "جزاء الاشرار". في هذا السياق "جزاء" يشير الى العقاب او النتائج السلبية للافعال الخاطئة.

اقتراحات الترجمة . على حسب السياق, اللفظ "جزاء"يمكن ان يترجم ب "مكافأة" او "شيء مستحق" او "عقاب". . "يجازي" شخصا ما يمكن ان تترجم ب "ان يكافيء" او "يعاقب" او "يعطيه ما يستحقه". . تأكد من ان ترجمة هذا اللفظ لا تشير الى اجرة. الجزاء ليس بالتحديد كسب المال كجزء من العمل.

جزية

اللفظ "جزية" يشير الى هدية من حاكم الى حاكم اخر, لغرض الحماية و تحسين العلاقات بين بلديهما. . قد تكون الجزية ايضا الدفع الذي يتلقاه الحاكم او الحكومة من الشعب, مثل الرسوم او الضرائب. . خلال عصور الكتاب المقدس, قد تدفع وفود الملوك او الحكام المسافرة الجزية لملك المنطقة التي عبروا من خلالها ليتأكدوا من انهم سوف ينالون الحماية و الامان. . عادة ما تشمل الجزية اشياء اخرى بالاضافة الى المال, مثل الطعام, التوابل, ملابس ثمينة, و معادن ثمينة مثل الذهب.

اقتراحات الترجمة . على حسب السياق, "جزية" يمكن ان تترجم ب "هدية رسمية" او "ضريبة خاصة" او "الدفع المطلوب".

جسد

اللفظ "جسد" لغويا يشير الى الجسم المادي للشخص او للحيوان. هذا اللفظ يستعمل كذلك مجازيا للاشارة الى شيء او مجموعة كاملة من الافراد الاعضاء. . غالبا اللفظ "جسد" يشير الى شخص او حيوان ميت. في بعض الاحيان يشير الى " جسد ميت" او "جثة". . عندما قال يسوع لتلاميذه في العشاء الاخير. "هذا (الخبز) هو جسدي". كان يشير الى جسده المادي الذي س "يكسر" (يُقتل) لكي يدفع ثمن خطاياهم. . في الكتاب المقدس, المسيحيون كجماعة يشار اليهم ب"جسد المسيح". . و مثلما للجسد المادي العديد من الاعضاء, فإن "جسد المسيح" له العديد من الاعضاء. . كل مؤمن بمفرده له عمل خاص في جسد المسيح لمساعدة كل الجماعة للعمل مع بعض لخدمة الله و جلب المجد له. . يشار الى يسوع ايضا على انه "الرأس"(القائد) لهذا "الجسد" المتكون من المؤمنين به. و مثلما هو الحال بالنسبة لنا الرأس يقول لجسده ماذا يفعل, ايضا يسوع يقود و يوجه الاعضاء المسيحيين في "جسده".

اقتراحات الترجمة . افضل طريقة لترجمة هذا اللفظ ممكن ان يكون بكلمة الاكثر شيوعا التي تستعمل للاشارة الى الجسد المادي في اللغة المستهدفة. تأكد من ان الكلمة المستعملة ليست مهينة. . عندما يشير الى جماعة التلاميذ, بالنسبة لبعض اللغات طبيعي و دقيق ان نقول, "جسد المسيح الروحي". . عندما قال يسوع, "هذا جسدي" من الافضل ترجمة هذا حرفيا, مع اضافة ملاحظة للشرح اذا تطلب الامر. . ممكن ان يكون في بعض اللغات كلمة اخرى للاشارة الى الجسد الميت, مثل "جثة" بالنسبة للشخص او "هيكل" بالنسبة للحيوان. تأكد بأن الكلمة المستعملة في الترجمة تعطي معنى مقبول في السياق.

جسد

في الكتاب المقدس, اللفظ "جسد" حرفيا يشير الى الانسجة الرخوة للجسم المادي للكائن البشري او الحيوان. . يستخدم الكتاب المقدس ايضا اللفظ "جسد" بطريقة مجازية ليشير الى كل الكائنات البشرية او الى كل المخلوقات الحية. . في العهد الجديد, اللفظ "جسد" يستخدم للاشارة الى الطبيعة الخاطئة للبشر. هذا عادة ما يستخدم بالمقابلة مع الطبيعة الروحية. . التعبير, "لحمنا ودمنا" تشير الى شخص ما مرتبط بيولوجيا بشخص آخر, مثل الاباء, الاشقاء, الابناء, او الاحفاد. . التعبير " لحم و دم" ممكن ايضا ان تشير الى اباء شخص ما او ذريته. . التعبير, "جسد واحد" يشير الى الوحدة المادية للمرأة و الرجل في الزواج.

اقتراحات الترجمة

. في سياق جسم الحيوان, "جسد" ممكن ان تترجم ب "جسد" او "جلد" او "لحم". .عندما يشير بصفة عامة الى كل المخلوقات الحية, هذا اللفظ ممكن ان يترجم ب "الكائنات الحية" او "كل شيء على قيد الحياة". . عندما يشير بصفة عامة الى كل البشر, هذا اللفظ ممكن ان يترجم ب "البشر" او "الكائنات البشرية" او "كل كائن حي" . التعبير, "لحم ودم" ممكن ان تترجم ب "اقارب" او "عائلة" او "اهل" او "عشيرة العائلة". قد يكون في السياق اين يمكن ان تترجم ب "اسلاف" او "احفاد". . قد يكون لدى بعض اللغت تعبير شبيه بمعنى "لحم ودم". . التعبير, "يصبحان جسدا واحدا" ممكن ان تترجم ب, "وحدة جنسية" او "يصبحان كجسد واحد" او "يصبحان مثل شخص واحد في الجسد و الروح". ترجمة هذا التعبير يجب التحقق منها للتأكد انها مقبولة في اللغة المستهدفة و في الثقافة الخاصة بها.

جشّور

خلال زمن الملك داود, اشور كانت امارة صغيرة تقع في الجهة الشرقية من بحر الجليل, بين دولتي اسرائيل و آرام. . تزوج الملك داود معكة, بنت ملك جشّور و ولدت له ابنا, هو ابشالوم. . بعد ان قتل اخوه غير الشقيق امنون, هرب ابشالوم الى شمال شرق اورشليم الى جشّور, على بعد88 ميلا. و بقي هناك ثلاثة اعوام.

جلجال

اللفظ "جلجال" هو مدينة تقع شرق اريحا و هي اول منطقة خيم فيها بنو اسرائيل بعد ان عبروا نهر الاردن لكي يدخلوا الى كنعان. . في الجلجال, نصب يشوع اثنى عشر حجر اُخذوا من قاع نهر الاردن عندما جف و عندما كانو يعبرون فيه. . الجلجال كان المدينة التي عاش فيها أليشع و إيليا و اجتازا الاردن عندما اُخذ ايليا الى السماء. . هناك ايضا العديد من الاماكن الاخرى تسمى "جلجال" في العهد القديم. . كلمة "جلجال" تعني "دائرة من الحجارة", ممكن ان تشير الى مكان بنيت فيه مذابح دائرية. . في العهد القديم, هذا الاسم دائما ما يذكر ب "الجلجال". قد لا يشير هذا الى مكان محدد لكن بدلا من ذلك قد يكون وصف لبعض انواع الاماكن.

جلجثة

اللفظ "جلجثة" هو اسم المكان الذي صلب فيه يسوع. و جاء من الكلمة الارامية التي تعني, "جمجمة" او "موضع الجمجمة". . تقع الجلجثة خارج اسوار مدينة اورشليم, في مكان قريب من هناك. و من الممكن انها تقع في منحدر جبل الزيتون. . في بعض الترجمات الانجليزية القديمة للكتاب المقدس, ترجمت كلمة الجلجثة ب "جمجمة", التي تأتي من الاصل اللاتيني لكلمة "جمجمة". . الكثير من ترجمات الكتاب المقدس تستخدم الكلمة التي تشبه او تنطق مثل كلمة "جلجثة", بما ان معناها مفسر في النص الكتابي. انظر ايضا الى الرابط الخاص بترجمة الاسماء في الكتاب المقدس.

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جلعاد

جلعاد هو اسم منطقة الجبال التي تقع شرق نهر الاردن, المكان الذي يسكنه سبط جاد, و منسى. . هذه المنطقة يشار اليها ايضا ب "تلة بلاد جلعاد". . "جلعاد" هو ايضا اسم للعديد من الرجال في العهد القديم. واحد منهم هو حفيد منسى. منسى اخر هو ابو يفتاح.

جليات

جليات هو جندي طويل جدا وكبير جدا في جيش الفلسطينيين الذي قتل من طرف داود. . كان طول جليات بين المترين و الثلاثة امتار. و يشار اليه عادة بالعملاق لان حجمه كبير. . بالرغم من ان جليات يملك افضل سلاح و كان اكبر من داود بكثير, الا ان الله امد داود بالقوة و القدرة لكي يهزم داود. . اعلن الاسرائيليون النصر على الفلسطينيين كنتيجة لانتصار داود على جليات.

جليل, جليلي

الجليل هو معظم المنطقة الشمالية لاسرائيل, بالضبط شمال السامرة. ال" جليلي" هو الشخص الذي عاش في الجليل. .الجليل, السامرة, ويهوذا هم ثلاثة مقاطعات اساسية في زمن العهد الجديد. . الجليل محدود من الجهة الشرقية ببحيرة كبيرة تدعى "بحر الجليل". . كبر يسوع و عاش في مدينة الناصرة في الجليل. . معظم معجزات و لتعليم يسوع حدثا في منطقة الجليل.

جماعة الشعب, الشعوب, الناس, شعب

اللفظ "شعوب" او "جماعة الشعب" يشير الى جماعة من الناس يتشاركون في اللغة و الثقافة. العبارة "الناس" عادة تشير الى جمع من الناس في مكان ما او حدث ما. . عندما افرز الله لنفسه "شعبا", هذا يعني انه اختار شعب معين لكي ينتمي له و يخدمه. . في عصور الكتاب المقدس, اعضاء جماعة الشعب يكون لهم نفس الآباء و يعيشون مع بعض في دولة او ارض معينة. . على حسب السياق, عبارة مثل "شعبك" قد تعني "جماعة شعبك" او "عائلتك" او "اقرباءك". . اللفظ "شعوب" عادة ما يستخدم للاشارة الى كل جماعات الشعوب على كل الارض. و احيانا يشير بوجه خاص الى شعب اخر غير الشعب الاسرائيلي او الذين لا يخدمون الرب. في بعض الترجمات الانجليزية اللفظ "امم" يستخدم ايضا بنفس هذه الطريقة.

اقتراحات الترجمة

. اللفظ "جماعة الشعب" يمكن ان تترجم بكلمة او عبارة يكون معناها "جماعة العائلة الكبيرة" او "قبيلة" او "مجموعة عرقية". . عبارة مثل "شعبي" يمكن ان تترجم ب "اقاربي" او "اتباعي الاسرائيليين" او "عائلتي" او "جماعة شعبي", على حسب السياق. . التعبير "اشتتكم بين الشعوب" يمكن ان تترجم ب "اجعلكم تذهبون و تعيشون بين مختلف الشعوب الاخرى" او " اجعلكم تتفرقون عن بعضكم البعض و تذهبون للعيش في مناطق مختلفة من العالم" او "جماعة الشعوب", على حسب السياق. . العبارة, "شعب ال" يمكن ان تترجم ب, "الشعب الذي يسكن في "او " الشعب المنحدر من" او "عائلة فلان" على حسب ما يتبعها سواءا كان اسما او مكانا او شخصا. . "كل شعوب الارض" يمكن ان تترجم ب, "كل شخص يعيش على سطح الارض" او "كل شخص في العالم" او " كل الناس". . العبارة "أناس" يمكن ان تترجم ب, "مجموعة من الناس" او "بعض الناس" او "جماعة من الناس" او "عائلة من الناس".

جمجمة

اللفظ "جمجمة" تشير الى الهيكل العظمي لرأس الشخص او الحيوان. . احيانا اللفظ "جمجمة" يعني "رأس" مثلما جاء في العبارة, "احلق رأسك". . اللفظ "مكان الجلجثة" هو اسم آخر للجلجثة اين صلب يسوع. . هذا اللفظ يمكن ان يترجم ب, "رأس" او "عظم الرأس".

جمل

الجمل هو حيوان كبير ذو اربع اطراف و ذو حدبة او حدبتين على ظهره.

جنة, سماء, السماوات, سماوي

اللفظ الذي يترجم ب "جنة" يشير الى المكان الذي يسكن فيه الله. نفس الكلمة قد تعني ايضا "سماء", على حسب السياق. . اللفظ "سماوات" يشير الى اي شيء نراه اعلى الارض, يشمل الشمس, القمر, النجوم. ايضا يشمل الاجسام السماوية, مثل الكواكب البعيدة, التي لا نستطيع ان نراها مباشرة من الارض. . اللفظ "سماء" يشير الى الفضاء الازرق اعلى الارض الذي به غيوم و الهواء الذي نتنفسه. عادة الشمس و القمر ايضا يقال عنها "في السماء". . في بعض السياقات في الكتاب المقدس, الكلمة "سماء" ممكن ان تشير اما الى السماء او الى المكان الذي يسكنه الله. . عندما تستخدم "جنة" مجازيا, هي طريقة للاشارة الى الله. مثلا, عندما كتب متى "ملكوت السماء" كان يشير الى ملكوت الله.

اقتراحات الترجمة

. اذا استخدمت "سماء" مجازيا, ممكن ان تترجم ب "الله". . بالنسبة ل "ملكوت السماء" في سفر متى, من الافضل ترك الكلمة "سماء" لان هذا يميز بشارة متى. . اللفظ "سماوات" او "اجسام سماوية" ممكن ايضا ان يترجم ب, "شمس, قمر, و نجوم" او " كل النجوم في الكون". . العبارة, "نجوم السماء" ممكن ان تترجم ب "النجوم التي في السماء" او "النجوم في الفضاء" او "النجوم في الكون".

جيل

اللفظ "جيل" يشير الى مجموعة من الناس الذين ولدوا خلال نفس الفترة الزمنية. . جيل ممكن ايضا ان تشير الى فترة زمنية. في ازمنة الكتاب المقدس, الجيل هو عادة ما يعتبر حوالي 40 سنة. . الاباء وابناءهم يعتبرون من جيلين مختلفين. . في الكتاب المقدس, اللفظ "جيل" يستخدم ايضا مجازيا للاشارة بصفة عامة الى الناس الذين يتشاركون في نفس المميزات.

اقتراحات الترجمة

. العبارة "هذا الجيل" او "اولاد هذا الجيل" ممكن ان تترجم ب, "الناس الذين يعيشون الان" او "انتم ايها الناس". . "هذا الجيل الشرير" ممكن ان تترجم ب, "هؤلاء الناس الخطاة الذين يعيشون الان". . التعبير"من جيل الى جيل" او " من جيل الى اخر" ممكن ان تترجم ب, "الناس الذين يعيشون الان, وكذلك ابناءهم و احفادهم" او "الناس في كل الفترات الزمنية" او "الناس في هذه الفترة الزمنية و في الفترات المستقبلية" او " كل الناس وذرياتهم". . "سوف يأتي جيل يخدمه, و سوف يخبرون الجيل الأتي عن الرب" ممكن ان يترجم ب "الكثير من الناس سوف يخدمون الرب في المستقبل و سوف يخبرون اولادهم و احفادهم عنه".

حادس, هاوية

اللفظ "حادس" و "هاوية" تستخدم في الكتاب المقدس للاشارة الى الموت و المكان الذي تذهب اليه ارواح الناس عندما يموتون. و هما متشابهان في المعنى. . اللفظ العبري "هاوية" يستخدم عادة في العهد القديم للاشارة بصفة عامة الى مكان الموت. . في العهد الجديد, اللفظ اليوناني "حادس" يشير الى مكان ارواح الناس الذين تمردوا ضد الله. يشار الى هذه الارواح انها سوف "تنزل" الى حادس في بعض المرات التي يقابل فيها مع اللفظ "يصعد" الى السماء, المكان الذي تسكن فيه ارواح المؤمنين بيسوع. . اللفظ "حادس" يضاف اليه اللفظ "موت" في سفر الرؤيا. في نهاية الازمنة, كل من الموت و حادس سوف يرمون في بحيرة النار, التي هي الجحيم.

اقتراحات الترجمة

. لفظ العهد القديم "هاوية" ممكن ان تترجم ب "مكان الموت" او "مكان الارواح الميتة" بعض الترجمات استخدمت هذا اللفظ "الحفرة" او "الموت" على حسب السياق. . لفظ العهد الجديد "حادس" ممكن ان يترجم ب "مكان ارواح الغير مؤمنين" او "مكان عذاب الموتى" او "مكان ارواح موتى غير المؤمنين". . بعض الترجمات تحتفظ بالكلمة "هاوية", او "حادس", لتتناسب تهجئتها مع انماط النطق في اللغة المستهدفة.

حافر, مشقوقة, حوافر

تشير هذه الالفاظ الى المادة الصلبة التي تغلف كعب قدم بعض الحيوانات مثل الجمال, الماشية, الغزلان, الاحصنة, الاحمرة, الخنازير, الثيران,الخراف, و الماعز. . حوافر الحيوان تحمي قدميه عندما يمشي. . بعض الحيوانات لها حوافر مشقوقة الى جزئين و بعضها لديها حوافرعادية. . قال الله لبني اسرائيل ان الحيوانات التي تملك حوافر مشقوقة و التي تجتر تعتبر طاهرة للاكل. و هذا يشمل الماشية, الخراف, الغزلان, و الثيران.

حافظ عهد الامانة, حافظ عهد الوفاء, محب الاحسان, حب لا ينضب

هذه الالفاظ تستخدم لوصف إلتزامات الله لإتمام الوعود التي وعد بها شعبه. . وعد الله بني اسرائيل بإتفاقات رسمية تسمى "العهود". . الرب "حافظ العهد" او "حافظ الامانة" تشير الى حقيقة انه يتمم وعوده لشعبه. . الله مخلص ليحقق عهده الذي وعد به كتعبير عن نعمته اتجاه شعبه. . اللفظ "وفاء" هو كلمة اخرى تشير الى كونه ملتزم و يكمن الاعتماد عليه للقيام بما وعد به لصالح الشخص الاخر.

اقتراحات الترجمة . طريقة ترجمة هذا اللفظ ترتبط كذلك بكيفية ترجمة الالفاظ "عهد" و "اخلاص". . طرق اخرى لترجمة هذا اللفظ ممكن ان تشمل, "المحبة المخلصة" او "الحب الوفي" او "الحب الجدير بالثقة".

حاكم, حَكَمَ, والي, حكومة

ال "حاكم" هو الشخص الذي يحكم على مقاطعة, منطقة, او اقليم. الكلمة "يحكم" يعني ان يقود, يسير, او يدبر امر الشعب. . اللفظ "وال" هو اللقب الاكثر تدقيقا للحاكم الذي يحكم المقاطعة الرومانية. . في زمن الكتاب المقدس, ينصب الحكام من طرف الملك او الامبراطور و يكونون تحت سلطته. . ال "حكومة" تتكون من كل الحكام الذين يحكمون بلادا ما او امبراطورية ما. هؤلاء الحكام يضعون القوانين التي تسير سلوك مواطنيها و يكون سلام, امان, و ازدهار لكل الناس في ذلك الوطن.

اقتراحات الترجمة

. الكلمة "حاكم" ممكن ايضا ان تترجم ب "محافظ" او "مشرف" او "قائد محلي" او "الذي يحكم على اقليم صغير". . على حسب السياق, اللفظ "يحكم" ممكن ان تترجم ب, "يحكم على" او "يدير" او "يشرف". . اللفظ "حاكم" ممكن ان تترجم بطريقة مختلفة عن الالفاظ الخاصة بملك او امبراطور, لان الحاكم اقل قوة و هو تحت سلطتهم. . اللفظ "وال" ممكن ان تترجم ب, "حاكم روماني" او "حاكم مقاطعة روماني".

حاكم, حكّام, حكم

اللفظ "حاكم" يشير بصفة عامة الى الشخص الذي لديه السلطة على شعب اخر, مثل قائد الدولة, المملكة, او مجموعة دينية. . في العهد القديم, يّشار الى الملك ايضا بالمصطلح العام "حاكم" مثل ما جاء في العبارة, "نصبه حاكما على اسرائيل". . يشار الى الله على انه الحاكم , الذي يملك على كل الحكام الاخرين. . في العهد الجديد. يدعى قائد مجلس الشيوخ ب "الحاكم". . نوع اخر من الحكام في العهد الجديد هو "والي". . على حسب السياق, "حاكم" يمكن ان تترجم ب "قائد" او "الشخص الذي لديه السلطة على". . الفعل "يحكم" يعني "يقود" او "يملك السلطة على". و لها نفس المعنى ل"يملك" عندما تشير الى حكم ملك.

حام

حام هو ثاني ابناء نوح الثلاثة. . اثناء الطوفان العظيم الذي غطى كل الارض, حام واخوته كانوا مع نوح في الفلك, الى جانب زوجاتهم. . بعد الطوفان, حدث ان حام قلل من احترام ابيه نوح, كثيرا, و نتيجة لذلك لعن نوح كنعان ذرية نوح و كل نسله, الذين اصبحوا معروفين بالكنعانيين.

حبرون

حبرون هي مدينة تقع اعلى الجبال الصخرية عل بعد 20 ميلا جنوب اورشليم. بنت المدينة حوالي 2000 سنة ق م. خلال زمن ابراهيم. و ذكرت عدة مرات في التقارير التاريخية المسجلة في العهد القديم. . كان لحبرون دور مهم في حياة الملك داود. العديد من ابناءه, بمن فيهم ابشالوم, ولدوا هناك. . دمرت المدينة حوالي 70 م على يد الرومان.

حبقوق

حبقوق هو نبي من العهد القديم عاش خلال فترة حكم الملك يهوياقيم على يهوذا. النبي ارميا عاش ايضا خلال هذه الفترة. . كتب النبي سفر حبقوق خلال 600 قبل الميلاد عندما استولى البابليون على اورشليم واخذوا الكثير من شعب يهوذا الى السبي.
. اعطى الرب لحبقوق نبوؤات عن "الكلدانيين"(البابليين) انهم قادمون لغزو شعب يهوذا. . احد اشهر الايات من سفر حبقوق هي : "البار بإيمانه يحيا".

حبيب

اللفظ "حبيب" هو تعبير عن المحبة التي تصف شخصا ما انه محبوب و عزيز على شخص اخر. . اللفظ "حبيب" يعني "شخص محبوب" او "الشخص الذي يُحب" . اشار الله الى يسوع على انه "ابنه الحبيب". . في رسائلهم الى الكنائس المسيحية, يخاطب الرسل في كثير من الاحيان اخوانهم المؤمنين ب "الاحباء".

اقتراحات الترجمة . هذا اللفظ ممكن ان يترجم كذلك ب, "محبوب" او " المحبوب" او "المحبوب جدا" او " عزيز جدا". . في سياق التكلم عن الصديق المقرب, ممكن ان يترجم هذا ب, "صديقي العزيز" او " صديقي المقرب". بالانجليزية من الطبيعي ان نقول, "صديقي العزيز,بولس" او "بولس, الذي هو صديقي العزيز". في لغات اخرى من الممكن ان يكون طبيعي لو نقول هذا بطريقة مختلفة. . ملاحظة كلمة "حبيب" جاءت من الكلمة محبة الله.الغير مشروطة, الغير انانية, و المضحية.

حبيب

اللفظ "حبيب" لغويا يعني "الشخص الذي يحب". و عادة ما يصف الاشخاص الذين تربطهم علاقات جنسية فيما بينهم. . عندما يستخدم اللفظ "حبيب" في الكتاب المقدس, فإنه عادة ما يشير الى الشخص الذي تربطه علاقة جنسية مع شخص غير متزوج. . هذه العلاقة الجنسية الخاطئة دائما ما تشير في الكتاب المقدس الى عصيان بني اسرائيل لله بعبادتهم للاوثان. اذا اللفظ "عشاق" يستخدم ايضا بالمعنى المجازي للاشارة الى الاوثان التي عبدها بنو اسرائيل. في هذه السياقات, هذا اللفظ يمكن ان يترجم ب, "شركاء غير اخلاقيين" او "شركاء في الزنى" او "اوثان" (انظر الاستعارة) . ال "محب" للمال هو الشخص الذي يعطي اهمية كبيرة لجمع المال لكي يصبح غنيا. . في سفر نشيد الانشاد في العهد القديم, اللفظ "حبيب" استخدم بطريقة ايجابية.

حثيون

الحثيون هم احفاد حام المنحدرين من ابنه كنعان. الذين اصبحوا مستعمرة كبيرة تقع فيما يسمى حاليا تركيا و شمال فلسطين. . اشترى ابراهيم قطعة ارض من عفرون الحثي لكي يدفن زوجته المتوفاة سارة في مغارة هناك. فيما بعد ابراهيم و عدد من احفاده دفنوا هم كذلك في تلك المغارة. . حزن والدا عيسو عندما تزوج من امرأتين حثيتين. . واحد من رجال داود الاقوياء اسمه اوريا الحثي. . تزوج الملك سليمان بعض من النساء الاجنبيات و كن حثيات. هؤلاء النسوة الاجنبيات ابعدن قلب سليمان عن الله بسبب الهاتهم المزيفة اللاتي يعبدنها. . عادة ما كان الحثيون يشكلون تهديدا على بني اسرائيل, سواءا جسديا او روحيا.

حجاب

اللفظ "حجاب" عادة ما يشير الى قطعة قماش رفيعة تستخدم كغطاء للرأس, تغطي الرأس او الوجه لكي لا يُرى. . غطى موسى وجهه بحجاب بعد ان كان في حضور الرب, لكي يخفي اللمعان الصادر من وجهه عن الشعب. . في الكتاب المقدس, ارتدت النساء الحجاب لتغطية رؤوسهن, و غالبا وجوههن كذلك, عندما يكن في الاماكن العامة او في حضور رجال. . الفعل "حجب" يعني ان يغطي شيئا ما بواسطة حجاب. . في بعض الترجمات الانجليزية, الكلمة "حجاب" تستخدم للاشارة الى ستار سميك يغطي المدخل الى قدس الاقداس. لكن "ستار" هي الكلمة الاكثر شيوعا في هذا السياق, لانها تشير الى قطعة قماش ثقيلة و سميكة.

اقتراحات الترجمة . اللفظ "حجاب" يمكن ان يترجم ب, "غطاء قماشي, رفيع" او "قماش للتغطية" او "غطاء رأس". . في بعض الثقافات, قد يكون بالفعل هذا الفظ لحجاب المرأة. قد يكون من الضروري ايجاد كلمة مختلفة عندما يستخدم لموسى.

حجر, الرجم بالحجارة

الحجر هو صخرة صغيرة. اللفظ "رجم" يشير الى رمي الحجارة و الصخور الكبيرة على الشخص بهدف قتله. . في العصور القديمة, الرجم هو طريقة شائعة لاعدام الاشخاص كعقاب لهم على الجرائم التي ارتكبوها. . امر الله قادة بني اسرائيل برجم الاشخاص الذين يرتكبون خطايا معينة, مثل الزنا. . يحكي العهد الجديد عن قصة المرأة التي سامحها يسوع عندما امسكت في ذات الفعل و منع الناس من رجمها. . استيفانوس, الذي كان اول شخص في الكتاب المقدس قُتل بسبب شهادته عن يسوع, و قد رُجم حتى الموت. . في مدينة ليسترة, رُجم الرسول بولس, جُرح كثيرا لكنه لم يمت.

حجر الزاوية

اللفظ "حجر الزاوية" يشير الى حجر كبير يقص خصيصا ويوضع في زاوية أساس البناء. . جميع حجارة البناء الاخرى تقاس و توضع على حسب حجر الزاوية. . هو مهم جدا من اجل قوة وثبات المبنى بأكمله. . في العهد الجديد, تشبه جماعة المؤمنين تشبيها مجازيا بالمبنى حيث يسوع هو "رأس الزاوية". . بنفس الطريقة رأس زاوية المبنى تتحمل وتحدد وضعية كل المبنى, كذلك يسوع المسيح هو رأس الزاوية لكل جماعة المؤمنين في أساسها و دعمها.

اقتراحات الترجمة

. اللفظ "رأس الزاوية" ممكن ان يترجم ايضا ب "حجر البناء الرئيسي" او "حجر الاساس". . النظر في ما اذا كان في اللغة المستهدفة لفظ خاص لأساس البناءالذي يحمل معنى الدعم. و الا ممكن ان تستعمل هذا اللفظ عينه. . طريقة اخرى لترجمة هذا اللفظ ب, "حجر الأساس الذي يستعمل في زاوية البناء". . انه من المهم ان تحافظ على حقيقة ان هذا الحجر هو حجر كبير, يستعمل كمادة صلبة وآمنة في البناء. اذا لم تكن تستخدم الحجارة في تجهيز البنايات, ممكن ان نجد كلمة اخرى تستخدم بهذا المعنى "حجر كبير".

حجر عثرة, صخرة عثرة

اللفظ "حجر عثرة" او "صخرة عثرة" يشير الى شيء مادي يتسبب للشخص في التعثر و السقوط. . في العهد الجديد, يشير اللفظ حرفيا الى عصا او شيء اخر من شأنه ان يؤدي الى فخ او كمين مخفي للاغلاق على حيوان تعثر فوقه. . حجر العثرة الرمزي هي اي شيء يسبب للشخص السقوط بمعنى روحي او اخلاقي. . ايضا و بطريقة رمزية, "حجر العثرة" او "صخرة عثرة" يمكن ان تكون شيئا يحول دون الايمان بيسوع المسيح او يتسبب في عدم النمو الروحي لشخص ما. . عادة ما تكون الخطية مثل حجر عثرة للشخص نفسه او للاخرين. . في بعض الاحيان يضع الله حجر عثرة في طريق الاشخاص المتمردين ضده.

اقتراحات الترجمة . اذا كانت اللغة المستهدفة تحتوي على لفظ لشيء يعيق السير, يمكن ان يستخدم لترجمة هذا اللفظ. . يمكن ترجمة هذا اللفظ ايضا ب, "الحجر الذي يسبب التعثر" او "شيء يكون سببا لعدم ايمان الشخص" او "العائق الذي يسبب الشك" او "عائق للايمان" او "شيء يسبب لشخص الوقوع في الخطية".

حجي

حجي هو نبي ليهوذا خلال الفترة التي رجع فيها اليهود من السبي البابلي الى الديار. . في الفترة الزمنية التي كان حجي يتنبأ خلالها, كان عزيا ملكا على يهوذا. . كان النبي زكريا ايضا يتنبأ خلال هذه الفترة. . حجي و زكريا حثا اليهود على اعادة بناء الهيكل, الذي دمر من طرف البابليين تحت حكم الملك نبوخذناصر.

حر, حرية, عتق

اللفظين "حر" و "حرية" يشيران الى عدم الوجود في حالة عبودية, او اي نوع اخر من القيد. كلمة اخرى ل "حرية" هي "عتق". . التعبير, "ان يعتق شخصا ما" او "ان يحرر شخصا ما" يعني اعداد الطريق لشخص ما لكي لا يبقى في العبودية او في الاسر. . في الكتاب المقدس, هذه الالفاظ عادة ما تستخدم مجازيا للاشارة الى كيف ان المؤمن بيسوع لم يعد تحت قوة الخطية. . الحصول على "العتق" او "الحرية" ممكن ايضا ان يشير الى انه لم يعد مطالبا بطاعة شريعة موسى, لاننه اصبح حر لكي يعيش بتعاليم وقيادة الروح القدس.

اقتراحات الترجمة

. اللفظ "حر" ممكن ان يترجم بكلمة او عبارة يكون معناها, "غير مقيد" او "ليس عبد" او "ليس في عبودية" او "ليس في قيد". . اللفظ "حرية" او "عتق" ممكن ان يترجم بكلمة او بعبارة يكون معناها, "الحالة التي يكون فيها حرا" او " الضروف التي لا يكون فيها عبد" او "لا يكون مقيد". . التعبير "ان يبقى حرا" ممكن ان تترجم ب, "ان يجعله حرا" او "ان يعتقه من العبودية" او "او ان يحرره من القيد". . الشخص الذي "اصبح حرا" هو "محرر" او "اعتق من" القيد او العبودية.

حرس, حارس

اللفظ "حرس" يعني ان ينظر الى شيء ما عن قرب و بحذر. و له العديد من المعاني الرمزية. "حارس" هو الشخص الذي يعمل على مراقبة المدينة بالنظر بحذر الى كل ما يحيط بها من اي خطراو اي شيء يشكل تهديدا لسكانها. . الوصية "راقب نفسك و التعليم" تعني ان يكون حذرا للعيش بحكمة وان لا يصدق التعاليم الكاذبة. . "احترس" هو تحذيرا ليكون حذرا لتجنب الخطر و التأثير المؤذي. . "اسهر" او "اسهروا" يعني ان يكون دائما في حالة تأهب و مراقبة ضد الخطية و الشر. و قد تعني ايضا "كن مستعدا". ."اسهر على" او "راقب عن كثب" قد تعني ان يحرس, يحمي او يهتم بشخص ما او شيئ ما. . طرق اخرى لترجمة "حرس" قد تشمل, "اعر انتباهك جيدا" او "كن مجتهدا" او "كن حذرا" او "كن على استعداد". . كلمات اخرى ل "حارس" هي "خفير" او "مراقب".

حزقيا

حزقيا هو الملك ال 13 على مملكة يهوذا. و كان ملكا يثق في الله و يطيعه. . ليس كأبيه آحاز الذي كان ملكا شريرا, كان الملك حزقيا ملكا جيدا قضى على كل معابد الاوثان في يهوذا. . في احد المرات عندما كان حزقيا مريضا جدا و على وشك الموت, صلى الى الله بلجاجة لكي يطيل عمره. استجاب له الله و شفاه و اضاف الى حياته 15 سنة اضافية. . و كعلامة تبين ان هذا سوف يتحقق لحزقيا, صنع الله معجزة و جعل الوقت يتوقف لمدة معينة. . استجاب الله ايضا صلاة حزقيا بإنقاذ شعبه من ملك سنحاريب الاشوري, الذي قام بغزوهم.

حزقيال

حزقيال كان نبيا لله خلال فترة السبي عندما اُخذ الكثير من اليهود الى بابل. . كان حزقيال كاهن عاش في مملكة يهوذا عندما تم سبيه هو والعديد من اليهود الاخرين من طرف الجيش البابلي. . على مدى عشرون سنة, عاش هو و زوجته بالقرب من النهر, و كان اليهود ياتون إليه هناك ليسمعوه يتكلم عن رسائل من عند الله. . من بين اشياء اخرى, حزقيال تنبأ عن دمار واعادة بناء اورشليم و الهيكل. . و تنبأ كذلك عن مملكة المسيا المستقبلية.

حصاد

اللفظ "حصاد" يشير الى جمع الثمار الناضجة او الخضروات من النباتات التي نضجت. . وقت الحصاد عادة يحدث عند نهاية موسم النضوج. . يقوم الاسرائيليين ب "عيد الحصاد" او "عيد التجميع" للاحتفال بجني محاصيل الطعام. امر الله بني اسرائيل ان يقدموا باكورة محاصيلهم تقدمة له. . بالمعنى المجازي, كلمة "حصاد" يمكن ان تشير الى الناس الذين امنوا بيسوع ويمكن ان تصف النمو الروحي للاشخاص. . فكرة حصاد المحاصيل الروحية تتناسب مع الصورة المجازية للثمار كونها تمثل صورة محاسن الشخصية الجيدة.

اقتراحات الترجمة . من الافضل ترجمة هذا اللفظ بالكلمة الشائعة المستخدمة في اللغة التي تشير الى حصاد المحاصيل. . حدث الحصاد ممكن ان يترجم ب, "وقت الحصاد" او "وقت جمع المحصول" او "وقت قطف الثمار". . الفعل "يحصد" ممكن ان يترجم ب, "يجمع " او "يجني" او "تجميع".

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حصار, حاصر

اللفظ "حصار" يشير الى الاحاطة بالمدينة اثناء هجوم عسكري و منع دخول اي مساعدات من الغذاء و الماء. ان "يحاصر" مدينة يعني ان يجعل هذه المدينة تحت الحصار. . عندما جاء البابليون للهجوم على اسرائيل, استخدموا خطة الحصار على اورشليم لاضعاف الشعب داخل المدينة. . غالبا اثناء الحصار, يتم بناء سلالم من الاتربة لتمكين الجيش المهاجم من تسلق الاسوار و الدخول الى المدينة. . التعبير "وضع حصار" يعني تنفيذ حصار. و له نفس معنى "حاصر". . اللفظ "محاصر" يحمل نفس معنى التعبير "تحت الحصار". كلا التعبيرين يصفان جيش من الاعداء يحيط بمدينة و يحاصرها.

حصان

الحصان هو حيوان كبير, ذو اربع اطراف الذي كان يستخدم في زمن الكتاب المقدس في اعمال الزراعة و نقل الاشخاص. . بعض الاحصنة تستخدم لجر المركبات او العربات, في حين تستخدم البعض الاخر لحمل الفرسان. . عادة ما يوضع اللجام على رؤوس الاحصنة للتمكن من قيادتها. . في الكتاب المقدس, تعد الاحصنة ممتلكات ذات قيمة و مقياس للغنى, لانها اساسا تستخدم في الحرب. على سبيل المثال, جزء من ثروة الملك سليمان العظيمة كانت آلاف الاحصنة و العربات التي كان يمتلكها. . حيوانات شبيهة بالاحصنة هي الاحمرة و البغال.

حصد, حصاد

اللفظ "حصد" يعني جني المحاصيل مثل الحبوب. "الحاصد" هو الشخص الذي يجني المحصول. . عادة ما يقطف الحصادون المحصول بواسطة اليد, يلتقطون النباتات او يقطعونها بواسطة آلة قطع حادة. . فكرة حصاد المحصول عادة ما تستخدم مجازيا للاشارة الى اخبار الناس بخصوص الاخبار السارة المتعلقة بيسوع و انضمامهم الى عائلة الله. . يستخدم هذا اللفظ ايضا للاشارة الى النتائج التي تتعقب افعال الشخص, مثل ما جاء في القول "ما يزرعه الانسان إياه يحصد". . طرق اخرى لترجمة "يحصد" و "حاصد" يمكن ان تشمل "يقطف" او "قاطف" او (الشخص الذي يقطف).(انظر الرابط الخاص ب "حصد" صفحة المزيد من اقتراحات الترجمة.)

حصن, قلعة, حصين

اللفظان "قلعة" و "حصن" كلاهما يشيران الى اماكن محمية جيدا من هجمات جنود العدو. اللفظ "حصين" يصف مدينة او مكان اخر يكون في مأمن من الهجومات. . عادة, ما يبني الانسان الحصون و القلاع بأسوار للحماية. و قد تكون ايضا ذات حواجز طبيعية حامية مثل المنحدرات الصخرية او الجبال العالية. . يعزز الناس الحصون ببناء اسوار سميكة او هياكل اخرى تجعل من الصعب على العدو اختراقها. . "الحصن" او "القلعة" يمكن ان يترجم ب "مكان قوي آمن" او "مكان محمي بشدة". . اللفظ "مدينة حصينة" يمكن ان يترجم ب "مدينة محمية و آمنة" او "مدينة بنيت بقوة". . يستخدم هذا اللفظ ايضا بطريقة رمزية للاشارة الى الله على انه حصن وقلعة للذين يؤمنون به. . معنى رمزي آخر للفظ "حصن" يشير الى شيء ما يثق فيه الشخص عن طريق الخطأ من اجل ايجاد الحماية. مثل الالهة المزيفة او اشياء اخرى يتم عبادتها بدلا من عبادة الرب. قد يترجم هذا ب, "حصون مزيفة". . يجب ان يترجم هذا اللفظ بطريقة مختلفة عن "ملجأ", الذي تؤكد على ان يكون آمنا اكثر من فكرة ان يكون محصنا.

حفرة

الحفرة هي فجوة عميقة يتم حفرها في الارض. . يحفر الناس الحفر بهدف صيد الحيوانات او البحث عن المياه. . يمكن ان تستخدم الحفرة ايضا كمكان مؤقت لربط السجين. . احيانا العبارة "الحفرة" تشير الى القبر او الجحيم. احيانا قد تشير الى "الهاوية". . الحفرة العميقة جدا يمكن ان تسمى "حوض". . اللفظ "حفرة" له استخدامات مجازية مثل في العبارة, "حفرة الهلاك" التي تصف كونه محاصرا بأوضاع كارثية او ان يكون منغمسا بشدة في النجاسة, و ممارسات مدمرة.

حق, حقيقة, يتحقق

اللفظين "حق" و "حقيقة" يشيران الى المفاهيم الحقيقية, الوقائع التي حدثت بالفعل, و الاقوال التي قيلت فعلا. . الاشياء الحقيقية, صحيحة, صادقة, فعلية, عادلة, شرعية, واقعية. . الحقيقة هي فهم, ايمان, حق, او تصريح على انه صحيح. . التعبير"تحقق" او "يتحقق" هو تعبير يقصد به بأن النبوءة حدثت بالفعل كما كان متوقعا. . الحق يتضمن مفهوم الفعل بطريقة موثوقة و امينة. . اعلن يسوع عن الحق الالهي في الكلمات التي تكلم بها. . كلمة الله هي حق. فهي تكلمنا عن اشياء حدثت بالفعل و تعلمنا الحقيقة المتعلقة بالله و بكل شيء خلقه.

اقتراحات الترجمة . على حسب السياق و ما يتم وصفه, اللفظ "حق" يمكن ايضا ان يترجم ب, "حقيقي" او "فعلي" او "صحيح" او "صح" او "اكيد" او "صادق". . طرق ترجمة اللفظ "حق" قد تشمل, "ماهو حقيقي" او "حقيقة" او "تأكيد" او "يقين" او "مبدأ". . التعبير "يتحقق" يمكن ان يترجم ب, "حدث فعلا" او "اصبح محققا" او "حدث كما قيل". . التعبير "قل الحق" او "تكلم بالحق" يمكن ان يترجم ب, "قل ما هو حقيقي" او "قل ما حدث بالفعل" او "قل اشياء جديرة بالثقة". . ان "يقبل الحق" يمكن ان تترجم ب, "امن بما هو حق بخصوص الله". . تعبير مثل, "اعبد الله بالروح و بالحق", التعبير "بالحق" يمكن ان يترجم ب, "نطيع بأمانة ما قاله الله لنا".

حق البكورية

اللفظ " حق البكورية" في الكتاب المقدس يشير الى الشرف و, اسم العائلة, والثروة المادية التي عادة توهب للمولود الاول الابن في العائلة. . حق البكورية للابن البكر يتضمن ضعف حصة من ميراث الاب. . الابن البكر للملك هو عادة من يمنح حق البكورية في الحكم بعد وفاة الاب. . تنازل عيسو عن حق البكورية لاخيه يعقوب. و نتيجة لذلك, ورث يعقوب بركة الابن البكر بدل عيسو. . حق البكورية يتضمن كذلك شرف وجود احفاد من خلال وجود الابن البكر في سلسلة النسب. اقتراحات الترجمة .طرق ممكنة لترجمة "حق البكورية" ممكن ان تتضمن, " حقوق و ثروة الابن البكر" او "شرف العائلة" او "امتياز و ميراث الابن البكر".

حقق

اللفظ "حقق" يعني ان يكمل او يتم شيء ما كان متوقعا. . عندما تتحقق النبوءة, هذا يعني ان الله جعل الشيء الذي قيل في النبوءة يتحقق. . اذا حقق شخص ما وعد او نذر, هذا يعني انه فعل ما وعد به.
. الوفاء بالمسؤولية يعني ان يفعل المهمة المعينة او المطلوبة.

اقتراحات الترجمة . على حسب السياق, "حقق" ممكن ان تترجم ب "اتمام" او "اكمل" او "جعله يحدث" او "اطاع" او "نفّذ". . العبارة "تحققت" ممكن ان تترجم ب, " انها صحيحة" او "حدثت" او "اتخذت مكانا". . طرق ترجمة "حقق" مثل "حقق خدمتك" ممكن ان تشمل, "اكمل" او "نفذ" او "طبق" او "اخدم الاخرين مثلما دعاك الله ان تفعل".

حقوين

اللفظ "حقوين" يشير الى جزء من جسم الانسان او الحيوان الذي يقع بين الاضلاع السفلية و عظام الورك و المعروفة ايضا بإسم اسفل البطن. . التعبير "منطق حقويه" يشير الى الاستعداد للعمل الجاد. و جاء من عادة وضع الجزء السفلي من رداء واحد في حزام حول الخصر من اجل التحرك بسهولة. . اللفظ "حقوين" عادة ما يستخدم في الكتاب المقدس للاشارة الى الجزء السفلي الخلفي للحيوان المقدم للذبيحة. . في الكتاب المقدس, اللفظ "حقوين" عادة ما يشير مجازيا و تصويريا الى الاعضاء التناسلية للانسان كمصدر لنسله. . التعبير "سوف يأتي من حقويك" ممكن ان تترجم ب, "سوف يكون من نسلك" او "سوف يولد من صلبك" او "سيجعل الله هذا يأتي منك". . عندما يشير الى جزء من الجسم, ممكن يترجم ايضا ب "بطن" او "الفخذين" او "الخصر", على حسب السياق.

حكيم, حكمة

اللفظ "حكيم" يصف شخص يفهم الشيء الحق و الصحيح اخلاقيا الذي يجب ان يفعل و من ثم يقوم به. "الحكمة" هي فهم و تطبيق لما هو حق و صحيح اخلاقيا. . ان يكون حكيما يتضمن القدرة على اخذ قرارات صحيحة, و خصوصا اختيار فعل ما يرضي الله. . في الكتاب المقدس, اللفظ "حكمة ارضية" هو طريقة رمزية للاشارة الى ما يعتبره اهل العالم حكمة, و الذي هو في الحقيقة جهالة. . يصبح الناس حكماء بالاستماع الى الله و طاعة ارادته بكل تواضع. . الشخص الحكيم هو الذي يظهر ثمر الروح القدس في حياته, مثل الفرح, اللطف, المحبة و الصبر.

اقتراحات الترجمة . على حسب السياق, طرق اخرى لترجمة "حكيم" قد تشمل "مطيع لله" او "متعقل و مطيع" او "الخوف من الله". . "حكمة" يمكن ان تترجم بكلمة او عبارة يكون معناها, "يحيا حياة حكيمة" او "يعيش في تعقل و طاعة"او "حكم صائب". . من الافضل ترجمة "حكيم" و "حكمة" بطريقة تبين انهما لفظين مختلفين عن الكلمات المفتاحية الاخرى مثل صالح و مطيع.

حلف, اقسم, اقسم ب

في الكتاب المقدس, الحلف هو وعد رسمي بأداء شيء معين. الشخص الذي يحلف يكون مطالبا بإتمام ما وعد به. يتضمن الحلف الالتزام بأن يكون مخلصا و صادقا. . عادة, و على حسب الشريعة, يقدم الشاهد قسما بأن يكون كل ما يقوله صادقا و مطابقا للواقع. . في الكتاب المقدس, اللفظ "اقسم" يعني ان يقول حلفا. . اللفظ "اقسم ب" يعني استخدام اسم شيء او شخص كأساس او قوة لهذا الحلف الذي تم القسم به. . احيانا تستخدم هذه الالفاظ مع بعضها مثل ما جاء في , "حلف بقسم". . طلب ابراهيم من خادمه ان يقسم (وعد رسمي) بأن يجد زوجة لاسحاق من اقارب ابراهيم. . الله ايضا يقدم حلفا حين يقدم وعوده لشعبه.

اقتراحات الترجمة . على حسب السياق, "الحلف" قد يترجم ايضا ب "التعهد" او "وعد رسمي". . "يقسم" قد تترجم ب "ان يعد رسميا" او " ان يتعهد" او " ان يلتزم بفعل شيء ما". . طرق اخرى لترجمة "اقسم بإسمي" قد تشمل, "اقدم وعدا و استخدم اسمي لـتأكيده". . "ان يحلف بالسماء و الارض" قد تترجم ب, "يعد ان يقوم بشيء ما, و يعلن ان السماء و الارض تثبته". . تأكد من ان ترجمة "قسم" او " حلف" لا تشير الى اللعن. في الكتاب المقدس ليس هذا هو المقصود.

حلقيا

حلقيا هو اسم رئيس الكهنة خلال فترة حكم الملك يوشيا. . عندما كان الهيكل في صدد الترميم, وجد حلقيا رئيس الكهنة كتاب الشريعة و امر بإحضارره للملك يوشيا. . بعدما قرا كتاب الشريعة على مسامعه, حزن يوشيا و اعاد شعب يهوذا لعبادة الرب و طاعة شريعته. . رجل اخر اسمه حلقيا هو ابن إلياقيم الذي خدم في القصر الملكي خلال فترة حكم الملك حزقيا.

حلم

الحلم هو شيء يراه الناس او يختبرونه في فكرهم عندما يكونون نياما. . تظهر الاحلام على انها حدثت حقيقة, لكنها لم تحدث. . يتسبب الله في بعض الاحيان للناس في رؤية حلم يخص شيء ما يمكنهم التعلم منه. و يستطيع ايضا ان يتكلم للناس مباشرة في احلامهم. . في الكتاب المقدس, اعطى الله احلاما خاصة لبعض الاشخاص لكي يقدم لهم رسالة, عادة بخصوص شيء ما سيحدث في المستقبل. . الحلم يختلف عن الرؤيا. الاحلام تحدث عندما يكون الشخص نائم, و لكن الرؤيا غالبا ما تحدث عندما يكون الشخص مستيقظا.

حماة, ليبو حماة, حميون

حماة هي مدينة مهمة في شمال سوريا, شمال ارض كنعان. الحميون هم ذرية نوح من ابنه, كنعان. . الاسم "ليبو حماة" من الارجح انه يشير الى الممر الجبلي قرب مدينة حماة. . بعض اصدارات الكتاب المقدس تترجم "ليبو حماة" ب "مدخل حماة". . هزم الملك داود اعداء تو ملك حماة, الشيء الذي سبب صداقة بينهما. . حماة كانت واحدة من مخازن سليمان اين تحفظ المخصصات. . بلاد حماة هي المكان الذي قتل فيه الملك حزقيا على يد الملك نبوخذناصر و هي المكان الذي اسر فيه الملك يهواحاز من طرف فرعون مصر. . اللفظ "حميون" ممكن ايضا ان تترجم ب "الشعب من حماة".

حمار, بغل

الحمار هو حيوان عمل ذو اربعة اطراف, يشبه الحصان, لكنه اصغر حجما و اطول آذانا. . البغل هو الحيوان الهجين بين ذكر الحمار و انثى الحصان. . البغال هي حيوانات قوية جدا لذا فهي ذات قيمة كحيوانات عمل. . كل من الاحمرة و البغال تستخدم لحمل الاحمال و البشر عندما يسافرون. . في زمن الكتاب المقدس, كان الملوك يركبون الحمار في زمن السلم, بدلا من الحصان الذي كان يستخدم للحرب. . دخل يسوع الى اورشليم راكبا على جحش ابن اتان قبل اسبوع من صلبه هناك.

حماس, متحمس

اللفظان "حماس" و "متحمس" يشيران الى قوة مكرسة لدعم الشخص او الفكرة. . الحماسة لديها رغبة قوية و افعال تعمل على تعزيز سبب وجيه. تستخدم عادة لوصف شخص يطيع الله بإخلاص و يعلم الاخرين ان يفعلوا مثله. . ان يكون متحمسا تتضمن وضع جهد كبير في فعل شيء ما و الاستمرار في المثابرة على هذا الجهد. . "غيرة الرب" او "غيرة يهوه" تشير الى افعال الله القوية و المستمرة لمباركة شعبه او ليرى العدالة تتحقق.

اقتراحات الترجمة . ان "يكون غيور" يمكن ان تترجم ب, "ان يكون مجتهدا بقوة" او "يبذل جهدا كبيرا". . اللفظ "غيرة" يمكن ان يترجم ب "التفاني النشيط". او "تصميم حريص" او "حماس صالح". . العبارة, " الغيرة على بيتك" يمكن ان تترجم ب, "تمجيد قوي لهيكلك" او "رغبة متقدة للاهتمام ببيتك".

حمامة, يمامة

الحمام و اليمام, هما نوعان متشابهان من الطيور الصغيرة ذات اللون البني الرمادي. الحمامة عادة تكون اخف لونا, يميل تقريبا الى الابيض. . في بعض اللغات يكون لهما اسمان مختلفان, و البعض الاخر تستخدم نفس الاسم لكليهما. . الحمام و اليمام استخدمتا كتقدمة لله, و خصوصا من طرف الاشخاص الذين لا يستطيعون شراء حيوان اكبر. . احضرت الحمامة غصنا من شجرة الزيتون الى نوح عندما انخفظت مياه الطوفان. . يرمز الحمام في بعض الاحيان الى النقاء, البراءة, او السلام. . عندما يكون الحمام او اليمام غير معروف في اللغة المستهدفة في الترجمة, هذا اللفظ ممكن ان يترحم ب "طائر صغير بني رمادي يسمى حمامة" او " طائر صغير رمادي او بني, يشبه (اسم طائر محلي). . اذا ذُكر كلا من الحمامة واليمامة في نفس الاية, من الافضل استعمال كلمتين مختلفتين لهاذين الطائرين, اذا كان ممكنا.

حمد

ان يحمد شخص ما هو التعبيرعن الاعجاب و التكريم لهذا الشخص. . يسبح الناس الله لعظمته و من اجل كل الاعمال العجيبة التي يفعلها كخالق و مخلص لهذا العالم. . تسبيح الله عادة يتضمن ان يكون شاكرا لاجل ما فعله. . الموسيقى و الغناء عادة ما تستخدم كطريقة لتسبيح الله. . تسبيح الله هو جزء لما يقصد به تأدية العبادة له. . اللفظ "يسبح" يمكن ان تترجم ب, "التكلم بشكل جيد عن" او "يعطيه شرف كثير بواسطة الكلمات" او "ان يقول اشياء جيدة عن". . الاسم "حمد" يمكن ان يترجم ب, "شرف الكلام" او "كلام تكريم" او "قول اشياء جيدة عن".

حمل, حمل الله

اللفظ "حمل" يشير الى صغير الكباش. الكباش هي حيوانات ذات اربعة اطراف و لها جلد سميك من الصوف, تستخدم لتقديم الذبائح لله. يدعى يسوع "حمل الله" لانه قدم نفسه ليدفع عن الناس خطاياهم. . هذه الحيوانات يمكن ان تضيع بسهولة و تحتاج للحماية. يقارن الله البشر بالاغنام. . امر الله الشعب ان يقدموا له ذبائح سليمة من الاغنام و الحملان. . دعي يسوع ب "حمل الله" الذي قدم نفسه ليدفع عن الناس خطاياهم. انه ذبيحة كاملة لا يشوبها عيب لانه بدون اي خطية.

اقتراحات الترجمة

. اذا كانت الاغنام معروفة في اللغة المتداولة في المنطقة, يجب استخدام اسم صغيرها لترجمة لفظ "حمل" و "حمل الله".

حمل

اللفظ "يحمل "يعني لغويا "رفع" شيئا ما. و يوجد كذلك العديد من الاستعمالات المجازية لهذا اللفظ. . عندما نتكلم على المرأة التي ستلد طفلا, هذا يعني, "تعطي حياة ل" الطفل. . "تحمل عبئا" يعني "تجربة اشياء صعبة". هذه الاشياء الصعبة ممكن ان تكون جسدية او آلام عاطفية. . تعبير مشترك في الكتاب المقدس هو "يحمل ثمرا" او "يكون مثمرا". . التعبير "يحمل شهادة" يعني "يشهد" او " الاخبار بالشيء الذي رآه و اختبره". . التصريح بأن "الابن لن يتحمل اثم ابيه" هذا يعني "لن يكون مسؤولا على" او " لن يتعاقب ب" آثام ابيه. . بصفة عامة,هذا اللفظ ممكن ان يترجم ب, "يرفع" او " يكون مسؤولا على" او " ليحقق" او "ليملك" او "لتحمل", على حسب السياق.

حمور

حمور هو رجل كنعاني يسكن في مدينة شكيم اين سكن يعقوب و عائلته بجوار سكوت. و قد كان حويا. . اشترى يعقوب قبرا للدفن من عند ابناء حمور. . و عندما كانوا هناك شكيم ابن حمور اغتصب دينا ابنة يعقوب. . ثأر إخوة دينا من عائلة حمور و قتلوا كل الرجال في مدينة شكيم.

حنانيا

حنانيا هو اسم للعديد من الرجال في العهد القديم. . احدهم كان حنانيا الاسرائيلي الذي سبي الى بابل و تغير اسمه ليصبح "شدرخ". . اعطيت له مكانة خادم ملكي نظرا لشخصيته و قدراته الممتازة. . ذات مرة حنانيا (شدرخ) و شابين اخرين من بني اسرائيل اُلقيوا في اتون النار لانهم رفضوا ان يعبدوا الملك البابلي. اظهر الله قوته بحمايتهم من الاحتراق بالنار. . رجل اخر اسمه حنانيا اسمه مدرج في قائمة الانسال للملك سليمان. . حنانيا اخر كان نبي كاذب خلال زمن النبي ارميا. . رجل اسمه حنانيا كان كاهنا يساعد في قيادة العبادة في زمن نحميا.

حنطة, درس الحنطة

اللفظين "حنطة" و "درس الحنطة" يشير الى المرحلة الاولى من فصل حبوب القمح عن الاجزاء الاخرى من نبات القمح. . درس نبات القمح يتم بفصل الحبوب عن القش. و بعد ذلك يتم نزع الحبوب لفصلها تماما عن جميع المواد الغير مرغوب فيها, و ترك الجزء الذي يمكن اكله من الحبوب. . عبر عصور الكتاب المقدس, "درس القمح" كان يتم بواسطة صخور مسطحة كبيرة او مساحة معبأة من الاوساخ لاعطاء سطح مستوي صلب تسحق عليه سيقان الحبوب لاستخراج الحبوب منها. . "عربة الدرس" او "عجلة الدرس" هي شيء يستخدم لفصل الحبوب. تصنع من ألواح خشبية ذات مسامير معدنية حادة في النهاية.

حنّان

كان حنّان رئيس الكهنة اليهود في اورشليم لمدة 10 سنوات, في الفترة حوالي 6م الى 15م. اقيل من رئاسة الكهنوت من طرف الحاكم الروماني, على الرغم من هذا بقي قائد مؤثر في اليهود. . حنّان كان حمو قيافا, رئيس الكهنة الرسمي خلال فترة خدمة يسوع. . حتى بعد تقاعدهم رؤساء الكهنة, يحافظون على اللقب بالاضافة الى بعض المسؤوليات الاخرى التي يتطلبها هذا المركز, هذا ما جعل من حنّان يُشار اليه كرئيس كهنة مع قيافا واخرين. . خلال محاكمته من طرف رؤساء اليهود, جُلب يسوع اولا الى حنّان لاستجوابه.

حنّة

حنّة هي ام النبي صموئيل. و كانت احدى زوجتي ألقانة. . لم تكن حنّة قادرة على إنجاب ابن, الذي كان هدية عظيمة بالنسبة لها. . في الهيكل, صلت حنة بلجاجة الى الرب لكي يعطيها ابن, و وعدت ان تقدمه له لكي يخدم الله. . استجاب الله طلبتها و عندما كبر الطفل صموئيل قليلا, احضرته لكي يخدم في الهيكل. . اعطى الله بعد ذلك لحنة ايضا اولادا اخرين.

حواء

هذا كان الاسم لأول امرأة. معنى اسمها "حياة" او "المفعمة بالحياة". . كون الله حواء من ضلع اخذه من أدم. . خلقت حواء لتكون "معينا" لادم. جاءت جنبا الى جنب مع ادم لتساعده على العمل الذي اعطاه الله لهما ليقوما به. . خدعت حواء من الشيطان (على صورة حية) و كانت اول من اخطأ بالاكل من الفاكهة التي قال الله ان لا يأكلا منها.

حوريب

جبل حوريب هو الاسم الاخر لجبل سيناء, المكان الذي اعطى الله فيه لموسى لوحي الشريعة عليهما الوصايا العشر. . يدعى جبل سيناء "جبل الله". . حوريب هو المكان الذي رأى موسى فيه العليقة تحترق عندما كان يرعى الاغنام. . جبل حوريب هو المكان الذي اظهر الله فيه عهده مع بني اسرائيل بإعطاءهم لوحي الشريعة التي كتب عليهما وصاياه. . و كان ايضا المكان الذي طلب فيه الله من موسى فيما بعد ان يضرب الصخرة ليخرج ماءا لبني اسرائيل عندما تاهوا في الصحراء. . الموقع الدقيق لهذا الجبل غير معروف, لكن من الممكن ان يكون بالجزء الجنوبي مما يدعى حاليا بشبه جزيرة سيناء. . من المحتمل ان "حوريب" هو الاسم الحالي للجبل و ان "جبل سيناء" يعني ببساطة "جبل سيناء", الذي يشير الى حقيقة ان جبل حوريب يقع في صحراء سيناء.

حياة, حي, المعيشة, على قيد الحياة

كل هذه الالفاظ تشير الى ان يكون جسديا على قيد الحياة, ليس ميت. و تستخدم كذلك بطريقة مجازية و تشير الى كونه على قيد الحياة روحيا. فيما يلي نناقش ماذا يعني ب "حياة جسدية" و "حياة روحية".

اقتراحات الترجمة . على حسب السياق, "حياة" ممكن ان تترجم ب "وجود" او "شخص" او "روح" او "كيان" او "خبرة". . اللفظ "حي" ممكن ان يترجم ب "كمن" او "يسكن" او "يوجد". . التعبير "نهاية حياته" ممكن ان تترجم ب, "عندما توقف عن الحياة". . التعبير "حفظ حياتهم" ممكن ان تترجم ب, "تركهم ليعيشوا" او "لم يقم بقتلهم". . التعبير "ضحوا بحياتهم" ممكن ان تترجم ب, "وضعوا حياتهم في خطر" او " فعلوا شيئا كان من الممكن ان يقتلهم". . عندما يخبرنا نص من الكتاب المقدس بخصوص ان يكونوا روحيا احياء, "حياة" ممكن ان تترجم ب "حياة روحية" او "حياة ابدية", على حسب السياق. . مفهوم "حياة روحية" ممكن ان يترجم ب, "يجعلنا الله احياءا في روحنا" او "حياة جديدة بروح الله" او "يبث حياة في نفسنا الداخلية". . على حسب السياق, التعبير "يعطي حياة" ممكن ان يترجم ب, "يجعله يعيش" او "يعطي حياة ابدية" او "يجعله يعيش الى الابد".

حية, ثعبان, افعى

كل هذه الالفاظ تشير الى نوع من الزواحف ذات جسم رقيق و طويل و فكين ذات انياب كبيرة. والتي تنتقل عبر الانزلاق جيئة و ذهابا على سطح الارض. اللفظ "حية" عادة ما يشير الى ثعبان كبير و "افعى" تشير الى نوع من الثعابين السامة تمتلك سما تستخدمة لتسميم فريستها. . يستخدم هذا الحيوان ايضا بطريقة رمزية للاشارة الى الشخص الشرير, و خصوصا المخادع. . دعى يسوع قادة الدين "اولاد الافاعي" لانهم يتظاهرون بصلاحهم, و لكنهم يخدعون الناس و يعاملونهم بتحيز. . في جنة عدن, اخذ الشيطان شكل الحية عندما تكلم مع حواء و جربها لكي تعصي الله. . بعدما جربت الحية حواء لكي تخطيء, لعن الله الحية, قائلا لها, على بطنك تزحفين, مما يعني انها كانت تملك اطرافا قبل هذا.

خائن, خيانة

اللفظ "خائن" يعنى ان لا يكون لديه ايمان او ان لا يصدق. . يستخدم هذا اللفظ لوصف الاشخاص الذين لا يؤمنون بالله, الذين يرتكبون الخطية بأفعالهم و طرقهم الغير اخلاقية. . النبي ارميا يتهم اسرائيل انها اصبحت خائنة وغير مطيعة لله. . هم يعبدون الاوثان و يتبعون الممارسات الشريرة للشعوب الاخرى التي لا تعبد الله و لا تطيعه.

اقتراحات الترجمة

. على حسب السياق, اللفظ "خائن" مكن ان يترجم ب, "غير امين" او "غير مؤمن" او "غير مطيع لله" او "غير مصدق". . اللفظ "خيانة" ممكن ان يترجم ب "عدم التصديق" او "عدم الايمان" او "التمرد ضد الله".

خائن, خيانة

اللفظ "خائن" يصف الاشخاص الذين لا يفعلون ما امرهم الله بفعله. الشرط اوالممارسة لعدم الاخلاص هو "الخيانة". . دعي شعب اسرائيل "خائن" عندما بدأوا بعبادة الاوثان و عندما عصوا الله بطرق اخرى. . في الزواج, الطرف الذي يرتكب الزنى هو "خائن" لشريكه. . استخدم الله لفظ "خيانة" ليصف سلوك بني اسرائيل في العصيان. انهم لم يطيعوا الله و لم يكرموه.

اقتراحات الترجمة . على حسب السياق, "خائن" يمكن ان تترجم ب "غير مخلص" او "غير مؤمن" او "غير مطيع" او "غير شرعي". . العبارة "خائن" يمكن ان تترجم ب, "الشعب الغير مخلص".

خادم, خدمة

في الكتاب المقدس, اللفظين "خادم" و "خدمة" يشيران الى خدمة الاخرين عن طريق تعليمهم عن الله و الاهتمام بإحتياجاتهم الروحية. اللفظ "خادم" قد يشير الى اي شخص يخدم الاخرين بهذه الطريقة. . في العهد القديم, كان الكهنة يقومون ب "الخدمة" لله في الهيكل و ذلك بتقديم الذبائح له. . تشمل ايضا "خدمتهم" الاهتمام بالهيكل تقديم الصلوات عوضا عن الشعب. . في العهد الجديد, "خادم" الانجيل هو شخص يعلم الاخرين عن رسالة الخلاص عن طريق الايمان بيسوع. . عمل خدمة الاخرين قد يشمل ايضا خدمتهم روحيا و ذلك بتعليمهم عن الله. . قد يشير ايضا الى خدمة الاخرين بطرق مادية مثل الاهتمام بالمرضى, او تقديم الطعام للفقراء.

اقتراحات الترجمة . في سياق خدمة الاخرين, "يخدم" يمكن ان تترجم ب "يؤدي خدمة" او "يهتم ب" او "تلبية احتياجات" . عندما يشير الى الكهنوت داخل الهيكل, اللفظ "كاهن" يمكن ان يترجم ب "يخدم الله في الهيكل" او "يقدم الذبائح لله من اجل الشعب". .في سياق خدمة الله, هذا يمكن ان يترجم ب "يخدم" او "يعمل لله". .العبارة "يخدم ل" ممكن ان تترجم ب "يهتم ب" او "يوفر ل" او "يساعد".

خادم, عبد, عبودية

الكلمة "خادم" قد تعني ايضا "عبد" و تشير الى الشخص الذي يعمل لصالح شخص آخر, سواء بإرادته او مجبرا. عادة ما يوضح النص ما اذا كان يقصد "خادم" او "عبد". . خلال ازمنة الكتاب المقدس, كان هناك اختلاف طفيف بين الخادم و العبد مثلما هو الحال في ايامنا هذه. كل من الخدم و العبيد لديهم مكانة خاصة في بيوت اسيادهم و منهم من يُعامل كأحد افراد العائلة. و احيانا بإمكان الخادم ان يختار بقاءه في خدمة سيده مدى الحياة. . العبد هو نوع من الخدم الذي يعتبر من ممتلكات الشخص الذي يعمل لديه.الشخص الذي يشتري العبد يدعى "مالكه" او "سيده". بعض السادة يعاملون عبيدهم بقسوة شديدة, في حين يعامل بعض السادة الاخرين عبيدهم معاملة جيدة, كخادم ذو مكانة قيمة في بيت اسيادهم. . في الازمنة الغابرة, يصبح بعض الاشخاص عبيدا بطريقة طوعية للشخص الذي يدين لهم بالمال بهدف دفع ديونهم لهذا الشخص. . في الكتاب المقدس, العبارة "انا خادمك" كانت تستخدم كعلامة احترام و خدمة للشخص ذو الرتبة العالية, مثل الملك. و هذا لا يعني ان الشخص المتكلم هو خادم فعلي. . في العهد القديم, انبياء الله و اشخاص اخرين يعبدون الله يتم الاشارة إليهم على انهم "خدّامه". . في العهد الجديد, الاشخاص الذين يطيعون الله من خلال الإيمان بيسوع المسيح يدعون عادة "خدّامه". . يدعى المسيحيون ايضا ب "عبيد البر", استعارة تقارن الإلتزام بطاعة الله بإلتزام الخادم بطاعة سيده.

خاضع, اخضع ل, في خضوع ل

اللفظ "خاضع" يشير الى كونه تحت سلطة شخص ما. العبارة "اخضع ل" هي امر بمعنى "اطع" او "اخضع لسلطة كذا". . العبارة "اخضعهم ل" تشير الى جعل الناس تحت سلطة قائد او حاكم. . ان "يخضع شيءا ما لشخص ما" يعني ان يجعل هذا الشخص يختبر شيئا سلبيا, مثل العقاب. . احيانا اللفظ "خاضع" يستخدم للاشارة الى كونه موضوع او محور شيء, مثل ما جاء في "سوف تكون موضوع سخرية". . العبارة "اخضع ل" لها نفس معنى "كن مستسلما ل" او "استسلم ل".

خان, خائن

اللفظ "خان" يعني التصرف بطريقة تخدع و تضر شخص ما . ال "خائن" الشخص الذي يخون صديق كان قد وثق فيه. . يهوذا كان "الخائن" لانه اخبر قادة اليهود كيف يلقون القبض على يسوع. . الخيانة من طرف يهوذا كانت بصفة خاصة عمل شيطاني لانه كان واحد من رسل يسوع الذي اخذ مالا مقابل ان يقدم لقادة اليهود معلومات كان نتيجتها الموت الظالم ليسوع.

اقتراحات الترجمة . على حسب السياق, اللفظ "خان" ممكن ان يترجم ب " خدع " او " انقلب الى عدو" او " تعامل بغدر". . اللفظ "خائن"ممكن ان يترجم ب "الشخص الذي يخون" او " منافق " او " غدّار".

خبز

الخبز هو طعام مصنوع من الدقيق الممزوج بالماء و الزيت لتشكيل عجين. ثم يتم تحويل العجين الى رغيف او خبز. . عندما يكون اللفظ "رغيف" متماسك مع بعضه, هذا يعني, "رغيف خبز". . عجين الخبز عادة ما يصنع بشيء الذي يجعله ينتفخ, مثل الخميرة. . ممكن ان يصنع الخبز كذلك بدون خميرة و عندها فانه لا يختمر. في الكتاب المقدس يسمى "الخبز الغير مختمر" و يستعمل في وجبة الفصح عند اليهود. . لان الخبز غذاء اساسي لكثير من الشعوب في عصور الكتاب المقدس, هذا اللفظ استعمل في الكتاب المقدس للاشارة الى الاكل بصفة عامة. . اللفظ "خبز الوجوه" يشير الى اقراص الخبز الاثني عشر التي توضع على المائدة الذهبية في خيمة الاجتماع او في الهيكل بعد بناءه كتقدمة لله. هذه الاقراص تشير الى عشائر بني اسرائيل الاثنى عشر و يسمح فقط للكهنة بأكلها. هذا ممكن ان يترجم ب, " الخبز الذي يبين ان الله عاش بينهم". . اللفظ المجازي, "الخبز الذي من السماء" يشير الى الخبز الابيض الخاص النازل من السماء الذي يسمى "المن" الذي اعطاه الله الى بني اسرائيل عندما كانوا تائهين في البرية. . سمى يسوع كذلك نفسه "الخبز النازل من السماء" و " خبز الحياة". . عندما تناول يسوع هو و تلاميذه عشاء الفصح قبل موته, قارن بين خبز الفصح الغير مختمر بجسده الذي ينجرح ويموت على الصليب. .في كثير من الاحيان اللفظ "خبز" ممكن ان يترجم بصفة عامة ب "طعام".

خبز غير مختمر

اللفظ "خبز غير مختمر" يشير الى الخبز الذي يخبز بدون خميرة اوبدون اي شيء اخر يساعد على التخمير. هذا النوع من الخبز مسطح لانه لا يحتوي على خميرة تجعله يرتفع. . عندما حرر الله بني اسرائيل من العبودية في ارض مصر, طلب منهم مغادرة مصر بسرعة و بدون ان ينتظروا الى ان يختمر خبزهم. لهذا يأكلون خبزا غير مختمر مع وجباتهم. منذ ذلك الحين اصبح يستخدم الخبز الغير مختمر في احتفالهم السنوي بعيد الفصح لاسترجاع هذه الذكرى. . لان الخميرة تستخدم احيانا كرمز للخطية, " الخبز الغير مختمر" يمثل ازالة الخطية من حياة الشخص بهدف العيش بطريقة تمجد الله.

اقتراحات الترجمة . طرق اخرى لترجمة هذا اللفظ قد تشمل, "خبز بدون خميرة" او "خبز مسطح لم يختمر". . تأكد من ان ترجمة هذا اللفظ تتماشى مع كيفية ترجمتك للفظ "خميرة". . في بعض السياقات, اللفظ "خبز غير مختمر" يشير الى "عيد الخبز الغير مختمر" و يمكن ان تترجم بهذه الطريقة.

خبّر

اللفظ "خبّر" يعني ان يقول للناس بخصوص حدوث شيء ما.عادة ما يكون بتقديم تفاصيل عن هذا الحدث. الخبر يمكن ان يكون شفاهيا او مكتويا. . "خبّر" يمكن ان تترجم ب "قال" او "شرح" او "قال تفاصيل بخصوص". . التعبير, "لا تخبر احدا بهذا" يمكن ان يترجم ب, "لا تتكلم عن هذا مع اي كان" او "لا تقل لاي احد بخصوص هذا". . طرق لترجمة "خبّز" يمكن ان تشمل, "تفسير" او "قصة" او "تفاصيل حكاية", على حسب السياق.

ختم, يختم

ان يختم شيء ما يعني ان يحفظ مغلقا بشيء لا يمكن فتحه بدون كسر القفل. . عادة ما يتم تمييز الختم بعلامة تظهر الى من يعود. . يستخدم الشمع المذاب لختم الرسائل و الوثائق الاخرى التي تحتاج للحماية. عندما يبرد الشمع و يتصلب, لا يمكن حينها فتح الرسالة دون كسر الختم الشمعي. . وضع الختم على الحجر عند قبر يسوع بهدف منع اي شخص من تحريك الحجر. . اشار بولس رمزيا الى الروح القدس على انه "ختم" يظهر ان خلاصنا مضمون.

ختن, ختان

اللفظ " ختن" يعني ان يقطع رأس غرلة الرجل او الطفل الذكر. و تكون مراسيم الختان مرتبطة بهذا. . امر الله ابراهيم ان يختتن كل ذكر من عائلته ومن الخدم الذين لديه كعلامة عهد مع الله. . امر الله كذلك ذرية ابراهيم ان يستمروا في فعل ذلك لكل طفل ذكر مولود في بيوتهم. . العبارة "ختان القلب" تشير مجازيا الى "قطع الصلة" او إزالة الخطية من الشخص. . في المعنى الروحي, " المختونون" تشير الى الشعوب التي طهرها الله من الخطية من خلال دم يسوع المسيح و الذين هم شعبه. . اللفظ " غير مختونون" تشير الى هؤلاء الذين لم يختتنوا جسديا. و من الممكن ان تشير مجازيا الى هؤلاء الذين لم يختتنوا روحيا, الذين ليس لديهم علاقة بالله.

اقتراحات الترجمة . اذا كانت ثقافة اللغة المستهدفة تجيز ختان الذكور, فالكلمة المستخدمة للاشارة الى هذا يجب ان يستخدم لهذا اللفظ. . طرق اخرى لترجمة هذا اللفظ ممكن ان تكون, "القطع حول" او " القطع الدائري" او " قطع من القلفة". . في الثقافات التي لا يكون الختان معروف فيها. ممكن ان يكون من الضروري شرحه على الهامش او من المعجم. . تأكد من ان اللفظ المستخدم لترجمة هذا لا يشير الى الإناث. ممكن يكون من الضروري ترجمة هذا بكلمة او عبارة تتضمن معنى "الذكر".

خدم, خدمة

اللفظ "خدَم" يعني القيام بأشياء لمساعدة الاخرين. و قد تعني ايضا "يعبد". . في سياق خدمة المرأة لضيوفها, هذا اللفظ يقصد به "الاعتناء ب" او "تقدم طعاما ل" او "تعد الطعام ل". . عندما طلب يسوع من التلاميذ ان يقدموا السمك للجموع, قد يتم ترجمة هذا ب, "يسلم" او "يعطي". . اللفظ "خدمة" قد يترجم ايضا ب, "قدّم خدمة ل" او "عمل ل" او "اعتنى ب" او "أطاع", على حسب السياق. . ان "يخدم الله" يمكن ان تترجم ب "ان يعبد و يطيع الله" او "يقوم بالعمل الذي طلبه الله". . ان "يخدم الموائد" يعني ان يحضر الطعام للاخشاص الجالسين الى الموائد. . الاشخاص الذين يعلمون الاخرون بخصوص الله هم يخدمون كل من الله و الاشخاص الذين يعلمونهم. . كتب الرسول بولس الى مؤمني كورنتوس بخصوص كيفية استخدام الخدمة في العهد القديم. و هذا يشير الى طاعة ناموس موسى. . الان هم "يخدمون" العهد الجديد, الذي, من خلال موت المسيح على الصليب, اصبح بإمكان المؤمنون به و بواسطة الروح القدس ان يرضوا الله و ان يعيشوا حياة مقدسة. . تكلم بولس عن هذا بإستخدام الالفاظ ب "خدمتهم" اما بالعهد القديم او الجديد. قد يتم ترجمة هذا ب, "خدمة" او "طاعة" او "اخلاص ل".

خراب, خرَب

ان "يخرب" شيئا ما يعني ان يفسد, يدمر, او يجعله عديم الفائدة. اللفظ "خراب" او "خرَب" يشير الى انقاذ و بقايا الشيء الذي تم تدميره. . تكلم النبي صفنيا عن يوم غضب الله على انه "يوم خراب" عندما يدان العالم و يعاقب. . سفر الامثال يقول بأن الخراب و الدمار سوف يحل على الاشرار. .على حسب السياق, "يخرب" يمكن ان تترجم ب "يدمر" او "يفسد" او "يجعله عديم الفائدة" او "يكسر". . اللفظ "خراب" او "خرَب" يمكن ان يترجم ب "انقاذ" او "بقايا بنايات محطمة" او "مدينة محطمة" او "دمار" او "انكسار" او "تدمير" على حسب السياق.

خرب, خراب

تخريب شيء ما يعني التخلص منه بلا مبالاة او استخدامه بدون حكمة. شيء "قاحل" او "خرب" يشير الى ارض او مدينة دمرت بحيث لا يمكن لاي شيء العيش فيها. . اللفظ "اضمحل" هو تعبير يعني ان يصبح مريض او خرب اكثر و اكثر. الشخص الذي يضمحل غالبا ما يصبح هزيلا بسبب المرض او نقص الغذاء. . ان يخرب"مدينة او ارض يعني ان يدمرها. . كلمة اخرى ل "خراب" قد تكون "صحراء" او "برية". لكن الخراب يتضمن ايضا ان الناس يستخدمونه للعيش فيه و استخدام الارض لاعادة غرسها بالاشجار و النباتات التي تنتج غذاءا.

خزي, مخزي, خجل

اللفظ "خزي" يشير الى الاحساس المؤلم بالعار الذي يختبره الشخص بسبب شيء شائن او غير لائق فعله هو او شخص آخر. . الشيء "المخزي" هو "غير لائق" او "معيب". . اللفظ "خجل" تصف احساس الشخص الذي قام بشيء مخز. . العبارة "يسلم للخزي" يعني تحدي الناس بفضح خطاياهم حتى يشعروا بالخزي من انفسهم. . قال النبي اشعياء ان الذين يصنعون التماثيل و يعبدونها سوف يخزون. . قد يجلب الله الخزي على الشخص الذي لم يتب, بفضح خطاياه و جعله يحس بالخجل.

خشب الارز

اللفظ "خشب الارز" يشير الى شجرة التنوب الكبيرة التي يكون خشبها طبيعي بني مائل الى الحمرة. و مثل بقية اشجار التنوب لديها اوراق على شكل مخاريط و ابر. . غالبا ما يذكر العهد القديم اشجار الارز مقترنا بلبنان, اين تنمو بوفرة. . خشب اشجار الارز اسخدم في بناء هيكل اورشليم. .و استخدم كذلك للقرابين و لتطهير الذبائح.

خشب التنوب

اللفظ "خشب التنوب" يشير الى نوع من الاشجار التي تحافظ على اخضرارها على مدار السنة و لديها مخاريط تحتوي على بذور. . أشجار التنوب يشار اليها باشجار "دائمة الخضرة". . في الازمنة القديمة, خشب شجرة التنوب يستخدم لصنع الالات الموسيقية و في بناء المركبات مثل القوارب, المنازل, و الهيكل. . ذكرت بعض الامثلة عن اشجار التنوب في الكتاب المقدس و هي الصنوبر, خشب الارز, شجر السرو, شجر العرعر.

خشوع

اللفظ "خشوع" يشير الى الشعور العميق بالاحترام الكبير تجاه شخص ما او شيء ما. . الشعور بالخشوع يمكن ان يرى من خلال الافعال التي تكرم الشخص المبجل. . مخافة الرب هي خشوع داخلي يظهر في طاعة وصايا الله. . قد يترجم هذا اللفظ ايضا ب "خوف و مهابة" او "احترام جدي".

خصص, مخصص

اللفظ "خصص" و "مخصص" تشير الى اختيار شخص ما لتحقيق مهمة محددة او دور معين. . ان " يكون مخصص" ممكن ان نشير كذلك الى ان يكون "مختار" لاخذ شيء ما, مثل "مخصص للحياة الابدية" هذا يعني انه تم اختيارهم لاخذ الحياة الابدية. . العبارة "الوقت المخصص" تشير الى "الزمن المختار" من طرف الله او "الزمن المحدد" لحدوث شيء ما. . الكلمة "مخصص" ممكن ان تعني كذلك " امر" او "تعيين" شخص ما يقوم بشيء ما.

اقتراحات الترجمة . على حسب السياق, طرق ترجمة "خصص" يمكن ان تشمل, "اختار" او "عين" او اختيار رسمي" او "تعيين". . اللفظ "مخصص" ممكن ان يترجم ب " معين ل" او "مصمم" او "اختار على وجه التحديد". . العبارة "كان مخصص" ممكن ان تترجم ب " كان مختارا".

خصي

عادة اللفظ "خصي" يشير الى الرجل الذي تم اخصاؤه. اصبح هذا اللفظ فيما بعد لفظ عام يشير الى كل مسؤول حكومي, حتى اولئك الذين لم يتم تشويههم. . قال يسوع ان بعض الخصيان ولدوا بهذه الطريقة, ربما بسبب التشوه في الاعضاء التناسلية او ربما بسبب عدم القدرة الجنسية. و اخرون يعيشون مثل الخصيان بسبب نمط حياة العزوبية. . في الازمنة الغابرة, الخصيان هم دائما عبيد للملوك الذي يحرسون كل ما يخص الجانب النسوي. . بعض الخصيان هم مسؤولون حكوميون على قدر من الاهمية, مثل الخصي الاثيوبي الذي تقابل مع الرسول فيليبس في الصحراء.

خطاب, رسالة

الخطاب هو رسالة مكتوبة موجهة الى شخص او مجموعة من الاشخاص الذين هم عادة في مكان بعيد عن الكاتب. الرسالة هي نوع خاص من الرسائل, عادة ما تكون مكتوبة بالنمط الرسمي, لهدف خاص, مثل التعليم. . في ازمنة العهد الجديد, الرسائل و انواع لخرى من الخطابات كانت تكتب على مخطوطات مصنوعة من جلود الحيوانات او على ورق البردي المصنوع من نبات الحلفاء. . رسائل العهد الجديد التي كتبها كل من بولس, يوحنا, يعقوب, يهوذا, و بطرس هي رسائل تعليمية موجهة الى مختلف المدن عبر الامبراطورية الرومانية. . طرق لترجمة هذا اللفظ قد تشمل, "رسالة مكتوبة" او "كلمات مكتوبة" او "كتابة".

خطية, خاطيء,مخطيء, مذنب

اللفظ "خطية" يشير الى الافعال و الافكار, و الاقوال التي تكون ضد ارادة الله و شرائعه. الخطية تشير ايضا الى عدم فعل الاشياء التي طلب الله فعلها. . تتضمن الخطيئة كل شيء نفعله لا يرضي الله, حتى تلك الاشياء التي نفعلها و لا يعلم الاخرين عنها شيئا. . الاقوال و الافعال التي تعصي امر الله تدعى "خاطئة". . بسبب خطيئة آدم, ولد جميع البشر بطبيعة خاطئة تسيطر عليهم. . "المخطيء" هو الشخص الذي يخطيء, اذا كل انسان مخطيء. . في بعض الاحيان الكلمة "خطاة" تستخدم من طرف رجال الدين مثل الفريسيين للاشارة الى الاشخاص الذين لا يحافظون على الشريعة مثلما يظن الفريسيون انه ينبغي عليهم ذلك. . اللفظ "خطاة" يستخدم ايضا للاشخاص الذين يتم اعتبارهم مذنبين اكثر من غيرهم. على سبيل المثال, أعطيت هذه التسمية لجامعي الضرائب و الزناة.

اقتراحات الترجمة . اللفظ "خطية" يمكن ان يترجم بكلمة او عبارة يكون معناها "عصيان الله" او " الذهاب ضد ارادة الله" او "السلوك و التفكير الشرير" او "إثم". . ان يخطيء" يمكن ان تترجم ايضا ب "يعصي الله" او "ان يفعل الخطية". . على حسب السياق, اللفظ "خاطيء" يمكن ان يترجم ب "مليء بالافعال الخاطئة" او "مذنب" او "غير اخلاقي" او "شرير" او "متمرد ضد الله". . على حسب السياق, "مخطيء" يمكن ان يترجم بكلمة او عبارة يكون معناها, "الشخص الذي يخطيء" او "الشخص الذي يقوم باشياء خاطئة" او "الشخص الذي يعصي الله" او "الشخص الذي يعصي الشريعة". . اللفظ "خطاة" يمكن ان يترجم بكلمة او عبارة يكون معناها, "اناس مخطئون كثيرا" او "اناس يعتبرون مذنبون جدا" او "اشخاص غير متخلقين". . طرق لترجمة "جباة الضرائب و الخطاة" قد تشمل, "الاشخاص الذين يجمعون المال لصالح الحكومة, و الاشخاص الاخرون المذنبين كثيرا" او "الاشخاص المذنبين جدا, الغير طاهرين".

خف

الخف هو حذاء بسيط و مسطح يثبت في القدم بواسطة اشرطة حول القدم او الكاحل. يلبس الخف من طرف كل من الرجال والنساء. . يستخدم الخف احيانا لاثبات قانونية المعاملة التجارية, مثل شراء ممتلكات من طرف رجل يخلع خفه و يعطيه للاخر. . نزع الشخص لحذاءه هوايضا علامة احترام و خشوع, و خصوصا في محضر الله. . قال يوحنا المعمدان بأنه ليس اهلا ان يحل رباط حذاء يسوع, و التي تعتبر مهمة خادم متواضع او عبد.

خلاص

اللفظ "خلاص" يشير الى الامان و النجاة من الشر و الخطر. . في الكتاب المقدس, "الخلاص" غالبا ما يشير الى التحرير الروحي و الابدي المعد من طرف الله للتائبين عن خطاياهم و المؤمنين بيسوع. . يتكلم الكتاب المقدس ايضا بأن الله يخلص و يحرر شعبه من اعداءهم الملموسين.

اقتراحات الترجمة . قد يترجم هذا اللفظ ايضا باستخدام كلمة "انقذ" او "نجى"مثلما جاء في, "عندما ينجي الله شعبه".

خلق, خليقة, خالق

اللفظ "خلق" يعنى صنع شيء ما, او التسبب في تكوين شيء ما. ايا كان الشيء الذي خلقه فهو يدعى "خليقة" الله يسمى ال "الخالق" لانه اوجد كل شيء في الكون بأكمله و بعثه الى الوجود. . عندما يستخدم هذا اللفظ للاشارة الى الله خالق هذا العالم, هذا يعني انه صنعه من لاشيء. . عندما "يخلق" الانسان شيئا ما, هذا يعني انه صنعه من اشياء كانت موجودة سابقا. . في بعض الاحيان "خلق" تستخدم بالمعنى المجازي لوصف شيء مجرد, مثل خلق السلام او خلق قلب نقي في شخص ما. . اللفظ "خليقة" ممكن ان يشير الى العالم في البداية الاولى عندما خلق الله في البداية كل شيء. و يمكن ان يستخدم كذلك للاشارة بصفة عامة الى كل شيء خلقه الله. في بعض الاحيان الكلمة "خليقة" تشير بالخصوص فقط الى الناس في هذا العالم.

اقتراحات الترجمة

. في بعض اللغات من الممكن ان نقول مباشرة ان الله خلق العالم " من لاشيء" و هذا للتأكيد على ان هذا المعنى واضح. . العبارة "منذ خلق العالم" تعني, "منذ الوقت الذي خلق فيه الله العالم". . نفس العبارة, "في بدء الخليقة" ممكن ان تترجم ب, "عندما خلق الله العالم في بداية الازمنة" او "عندما خلق العالم في البداية". . نشر بشارة الاخبار السارة "الى كل الخليقة" يعني ان نبشر بالاخبار السارة "الى كل الشعوب اينما كانوا في الارض". .العبارة, "لتسبح كل الخليقة" يعني, "ليسبح كل شيء خلقه الله". . على حسب السياق, "خلق" ممكن ان تترجم ب, "صنع" او "تسبب في وجود" او "صنع من لاشيء". . اللفظ "الخالق" ممكن ان يترجم ب, "الذي خلق كل شيء" او "الله, الذي صنع العالم كله". . عبارة مثل "خالقك" ممكن ان تترجم ب, "الله الذي خلقك".

خليقة

اللفظ "خليقة" يشير الى الكائنات الحية التي خلقها الله, كل من الحيوانات والانسان. . النبي حزقيال قال "المخلوقات الحية" اثناء رؤيته لمجد الله. هو لا يعرف ماذا كانوا, لهذا اطلق عليهم هذه التسمية العامة. . ملاحظة ان هذا اللفظ "الخلق" له العديد من المعاني حيث انه يتضمن كل شيء خلقه الله, كل من الكائنات الحية او الاشياء الجامدة ( مثل الارض, الماء, و النجوم). اللفظ "خليقة" يشمل فقط الاشياء الحية.

خلّص, مُخَلص

اللفظ "خلّص" يشير الى منع شخص من التعرض لشيء سيء او ضار. ان يكون "مُخَلَصٌ" يعني ان يكون في حماية من الاذي او الخطر. . بالمعنى الجسدي, يمكن للناس ان يُخَلصوا او ينقذوا من الاذى, الخطر, او الموت. . بالمعنى الروحي, اذا "خُلص" شخص, فهذا يعني انه من خلال موت يسوع على الصليب, يغفر له الله و ينقذه من عقاب الجحيم بسبب خطيئته. . يمكن للناس ان يخلصوا او ينقذوا اخرين من الخطر, لكن الله وحده هو الذي يخلص الناس من العقاب الابدي بسبب خطاياهم.

اقتراحات الترجمة . طرق ترجمة "خلّص" يمكن ان تشمل, "حرر" او "حفظ من الاذى" او "ابعد عنه الاذى" او "حفظ من الموت". . التعبير, "من ينقذ حياته", اللفظ "ينقذ" يمكن ان يترجم ب "يحفظ" او "يحمي". . اللفظ "آمن" يمكن ان تترجم ب "يحمي من الخطر" او "في مكان حيث لا يأذيه شيء".

خلّص, مخلص, خلاص

"خلّص"" شخص ما يعني انقاذ هذا الشخص. اللفظ "مخلِص" يشير الى الشخص الذي ينقذ او يحرر الناس من العبودية, القمع, او اي اخطار اخرى. اللفظ "خلاص" يشير الى ما يحدث عندما ينقذ او يحرر شخص ما الناس من العبودية, القمع, او اخطار اخرى. . في العهد القديم, اقام الله مُخلِصين لحماية بني اسرائيل و ذلك بقيادتهم في الحروب ضد الشعوب التي تهاجمهم. . هؤلاء المخلصون يسمون أيضا "قضاة" و سفر العهد القديم قضاة يسجل هذا الوقت من التاريخ عندما حكم القضاة على بني اسرائيل. . يسمى الله كذلك "مخلص". عبر تاريخ بني اسرائيل, حرر و انقذ شعبه من اعداءهم. . اللفظ "يتخلص من " او"يخلص من" لديهما معنى مختلف جدا من تسليم شخص ما ليد الاعداء, مثلما فعل يهوذا عندما سلم يسوع الى قادة اليهود.

اقتراحات الترجمة . في سياق مساعدة الناس وانقاذهم من اعدائهم, اللفظ "يخلص" ممكن ان يترجم ب "ينقذ" او "يحرر" او "يحمي". . عندما يعني التخلص من شخص ما ,و تسليمه الى الاعداء "التخلص من" ممكن ان يترجم ب "خان" او "سلّم الى" او "قدمه الى". . الكلمة "مخلص" ممكن ايضا ان تترجم ب, "منقذ" او "محرر". . عندما يشير اللفظ "مخلص" الى قضاة بني اسرائيل, ممكن ان يترجم ب "حاكم" او "قاضي" او "قائد".

خمر, زق, خمرة جديدة

في الكتاب المقدس, اللفظ "خمر" يشير الى نوع من المشروب المتخمر المصنوع من عصير فاكهة تسمى العنب. يحفظ الخمر في "زقاق", التي هي خزانات مصنوعة من جلد الحيوانات. . اللفظ "خمر جديدة" يشير الى عصير العنب الذي استخرج للتو من العنب و لم يتخمر بعد. احيانا اللفظ "خمر" يشير ايضا الى عصير العنب الغير متخمر. . لصناعة الخمر, يوضع العنب في معصرة و هكذا يستخرج العصير. يتخمر العصير اخيرا و يتشكل فيه الحكول. . عبر عصور الكتاب المقدس, كان يعتبر الخمر هو المشروب العادي الذي يؤخذ مع الوجبات و لم يكن يحتوى على الكثير من الكحول مثلما هو حال الخمر في ايامنا هذه. . قبل ان يقدم الخمر مع الوجبة يمزج بالماء. . الزق القديم يصبح هش و تحدث فيه تشققات و الذي يسمح بتسرب الخمر منه. الزق الجديد قوي و مرن, و الذي يعني انها لا تتمدد بسهولة وبهذا تحفظ الخمر سالما. . اذا لم يكن الخمر معروفا في ثقافتك, يمكن ان يترجم ب, "عصير العنب المخمر" او "عصير مخمر مصنوع من فاكهة تدعى عنب" او "عصير فاكهة مختمر". . طرق لترجمة "زق" قد تشمل, "كيس للخمر" او "كيس خمر من جلد الحيوان" او "كيس من جلد الحيوان لحفظ الخمر".

خميرة

"الخميرة" هي لفظ عام لمادة تجعل عجينة الخبز تنتفخ و ترتفع. "خميرة منشطة" هي نوع خاص من الخميرة. . في بعض الترجمات الانجليزية, ترجمت كلمة "خميرة " ب’ "خميرة منشطة", التي هي نوع عصري من الخميرةيعمل على تخمير العجين بحعله يمتلئ بفقاعات من الغاز, ويتوسع قبل خبزه.يتم وضع الخميرة في العجينة بحيث تنتشر في جميع اجزاء العجين. . في زمن العهد القديم, الخميرة او المادة المخمرة تصنع بواسطة ترك العجين يستريح لفترة, ثم تحفظ كمية صغيرة من العجين السابق ليكون خميرة للدفعة القادمة من العجين. . عندما خرج بنو اسرائيل من مصر, لم يكن لديهم الوقت لانتظار الخبز الى ان يختمر, لهذا فقد صنعوا خبزا بدون خميرة ليأخذوه معهم اثناء ارتحالهم. و كتذكار لهذا, يحتفل الشعب اليهودي مرة في السنة بعيد الفصح بأكله مع الخبز الغير مختمر. . اللفظ "خميرة" يستخدم كإستعارة في الكتاب المقدس ليوضح صورة ما تفعله الخطية التي تنتشر عبر حياة الشخص او او كيف تأثر الخطية على الاخرين. . و قد تشير ايضا الى التعاليم الخاطئة التي عادة ما تنتشر الى كثيرين و تؤثر عليهم. .اللفظ "خميرة" قد يستخدم ايضا بطريقة ايجابية ليشرح كيف يؤثر ملكوت الله بإنتقاله من شخص الى اخر.

اقتراحات الترجمة . قد يترجم هذا ب "خميرة" او "مادة تسبب تخمر العجين" او "مادة موسعة". الكلمة "ترتفع" يمكن شرحه ب "يتوسع" او "يصبح اكبر" او "ينتفخ". . اذا كانت مادة التخمير المحلية تستعمل لتخمير عجينة الخبز, يمكنك استخدام هذا اللفظ. اما اذا كانت اللغة تحتوي على كلمة اخرى عامة واكثر شيوعا يكون معناها, "تخمير" قد تكون هي الكلمة الافضل للاستخدام.

خنزير, لحم الخنزير

الخنزير هو حيوان من ذوات الاربع قوائم, المشقوقة الضلف تربى من اجل انتاج اللحوم. يسمى لحمها "لحم الخنزير". الاسم العام للخنزير و الحيوانات التي تشبهه هو "خنازير". . امر الله بني اسرائيل عدم اكل لحم الخنزير و ان يعتبروه نجسة, يعتبر اليهود اليوم ان الخنزير نجس و هم لا يأكلون لحمه. . تربى الخنازير في المزارع ليتم بيع لحمها للشعوب الاخرى. . يوجد نوع من الخنازير لا يربى في المزارع و لكنه يعيش في الغابات و يسمى "الخنزير البري". الخنازير البرية لديها انياب و تعتبر من الحيوانات الخطيرة جدا. . في بعض الاحيان يشار الى الكثير من الخنازير ب "الخنازير".

خوف,خائف, مخافة الرب

اللفظان "خوف" و "خائف" يشيران الى شعور غير مريح للشخص عندما يكون تهديد بالضرر له او لغيره. . اللفظ "خوف" ممكن ان يشير ايضا الى الاحترام العميق و الخشية من شخص ذو سلطة. . العبارة "خوف الرب", و الالفاظ المرتبطة بها " مخافة الله" او "مخافة يهوه الرب", تشير الى الاحترام العميق لله و اظهار هذا الاحترام بطاعته. هذا الخوف دافعه المعرفة بان الله قدوس و يكره الخطية. . يعلم الكتاب المقدس ان الشخص الذي يخاف الرب يصبح شخصا حكيما.

اقتراحات الترجمة . على حسب السياق, "يخاف" ممكن ان يترجم ب "ان يخشى" او "ان يحترم بعمق" او "ان يكون في خشية من". . اللفظ "خائف" ممكن ان يترجم ب "مروع" او "مذعور" او "مخيف". . الجملة, " استولت مخافة الرب عليهم جميعا" ممكن ان تترجم ب, "فجأة شعروا بخشية و احترام عميقين اتجاه الله" او "في الحال, شعروا بالدهشة و التبجيل بعمق اتجاه الله" او "اذا, شعروا كلهم بالخوف الشديد من الله".

خيمة

الخيمة هي مأوى محمول مصنوع من قماش قوي مغطى فوق هيكل من الاعمدة و مثبت به. . قد تكون الخيام صغيرة, تحتوي على اماكن معدودة للنوم داخلها, و قد تكون كبيرة, تتسع لكل العائلة للنوم, و الطبخ, و السكن . . بالنسبة لبعض الشعوب, تستخدم الخيام كمكان دائم للسكن. على سبيل المثال, خلال معظم الوقت الذي كان فيه ابراهيم و عائلته يسكن ارض كنعان, كانوا يقيمون في خيمة كبيرة مصنوعة من اقمشة قوية من جلد الماعز. . سكن بنو اسرائيل ايضا في الخيام خلال فترة التيه التي عاشوها في صحراء سيناء. . خيمة الشهادة كانت عبارة عن خيمة كبيرة جدا, ذات جدران سميكة مصنوعة من الستائر السميكة. . عندما سافر الرسول بولس الى عدة مدن ليبشر بالانجيل, كان يصنع الخيام ليكسب المال لدعم نفسه ماديا. . اللفظ "خيام" يستخدم في بعض الاحيان بطريقة رمزية للاشارة الى المكان الذي يسكن فيه الناس. قد يترجم هذا ايضا ب "بيوت" او "مساكن" او "منازل".

خيمة الاجتماع

اللفظ "خيمة الاجتماع" يشير الى الخيمة التي المكان لمؤقت الذي كان يلتقي فيه مع موسى قبل ان يتم بناء الهيكل. . تتمركز خيمة الاجتماع وسط مخيم بني اسرائيل. . عندما كان يدخل موسى لخيمة الاجتماع للالتقاء بالله, تنزل غيمة و تستقر عند مدخل الخيمة كعلامة على حضور الله. . بعد ان بنى بنو اسرائيل الهيكل, لم يعودوا بحاجة لخيمة الاجتماع و اصبح الفظ "خيمة الاجتماع يستخدم احيانا للاشارة الى المسكن.

داريوس

داريوس هو اسم للعديد من ملوك فارس. و من المرجح ان داريوس كان لقبا اكثر منه اسما. . "داريوس المادي" هو الملك الذي حُرض ضد دانيال النبي من خلال رميه في جب الاسود عقابا له على عبادة الله الحي. . "داريوس الفارسي" ساعد في تقديم تسهيلات لبناء الهيكل في اورشليم خلال عصر عزرا و نحميا.

داس

"دوس" يعني ان يخطو على شيء و تحطيمه بالقدمين. يستخدم هذا اللفظ ايضا بطريقة رمزية في الكتاب المقدس ليعني "يسحق" او "يحطم" او "يذل". . مثال على "الدوس" اذا كان الناس يركضون داخل حقل و سحقوا العشب بأقدامهم . . في الازمنة الغابرة, يصنع الخمر احيانا بالدوس على العنب لاخراج العصير. . احيانا اللفظ "داس" يحمل معنى رمزيا للعقاب و الاذلال, بالمقارنة مع الدوس على الطين للحصول على ارضية للدرس. . اللفظ "داس" يستخدم مجازيا للتعبير عن كيفية معاقبة الله لشعب اسرائيل من اجل كبرياءهم و تمردهم. . طرق اخرى لترجمة "داس" قد تشمل, "حطم بالارجل" او "سحق بالارجل" او "يقضي على و يحطم" او "يحطم على الارض". . على حسب السياق, "قد يترجم هذا اللفظ بطريقة غير رمزية مثل, "حطم" او "دمّر" او "اذل" او "عاقب" او "تغلب تماما".

دان

دان هو الابن الخامس ليعقوب و واحد من عشائر بني اسرائيل الاثنى عشر. المنطقة التي استقرت فيها عشيرة دان كانت في الجزء الشمالي من كنعان و اصبحت تسمى على اسمه. . في زمن ابراهيم, كانت هناك مدينة تدعى دان وتقع غرب اورشليم. . و بعد العديد من السنوات, و في الفترة التي دخلت فيها امة اسرائيل الى ارض الموعد, مدينة اخرى اسمها دان تقع على بعد 60 ميلا شمال اورشليم. . اللفظ, "دانيون" يشير الى النسل المنحدر من دان, و الذين هم كذلك اعضاء من عشيرته.

دانيال

دانيال هو نبي من بني اسرائيل كان شابا عندما اخذ الى السبي من طرف نبوخذناصر ملك بابل خلال 600 ق م. . و كان هذا في الفترة التي أُخذ فيها الكثيرون من بني اسرائيل الذين في يهوذا الى السبي البابلي لمدة 70 سنة. . أُعطي لدانيال الاسم البابلي بلطاشصر. . كان دانيال شابا شريفا وتقي يطيع الله. . اعطى الله القدرة لدانيال لتفسيرالعديد من الاحلام و الرؤى للملوك البابليين. . و بفضل هذه القدرة و طبعا لشخصيته المشرفة, أُعطي دانيال مركز كقائد مهم في الامبراطورية البابلية. . بعد الكثير من السنوات, حرّض اعداء دانيال ملك بابل داريوس بعمل تمثال له يعبد من طرف كل الناس الا الملك. استمر دانيال في الصلاة لله الحي, و قُبض عليه و رمي في جب الاسود. لكن الله انقذه و لم يصبه اي ضرر.

داهية

اللفظ "داهية" يصف الشخص الذكي و الفطن, و خصوصا في المسائل العملية. . غالبا ما يكون للمصطلح "داهية" معنى سلبي جزئيا, و عادة ما ينطوي ايضا على انانية. . السخص الداهية عادة ما يركز على مساعدة نفسه, لا على غيره. . طرق اخرى لترجمة هذا المصطلح قد تشمل "مكر" او "بارع" او "فطن", على حسب السياق.

داود

داود هو ثاني ملك لاسرائيل احب الله و خدمه. هو الكاتب الرئيسي لسفر المزامير. . عندما كان داود شابا صغيرا يعتني بغنم عائلته, اختاره الله ليكون الملك التالي لاسرائيل. . اصبح داود محارب عظيم وقاد جيش بني اسرائيل في معارك ضد اعدائهم. و هزيمته لجليات الفلسطيني معروفة جيدا. . حاول الملك شاول قتل داود, لكن الله حماه, و جعله ملكا بعد موت شاول. . اقترف داود خطيئة شنيعة, و لكنه تاب و غفر له الله ذلك. . يسوع, المسيا. يدعى "ابن داود" لانه من نسل الملك داود.

دب

الدب هو حيوان كبير, له اربعة اطراف و ذو فرو بني او اسود اللون, و له اسنان واضافر حادة. الدببة كانت موجودة في اسرائيل في زمن الكتاب المقدس. . هذه الحيوانات تعيش في الغابات و المناطق الجبلية, تتغذى على الاسماك, الحشرات, و النباتات. . في العهد القديم, يستخدم الدب كرمز للقوة. .عندما كان يرعى الاغنام, الراعي داود حارب دب و هزمه. . خرج دبين من الغابة و هاجما مجموعة من الشبان الذين سخروا من النبي اليشع.

درع

الدرع هو اداة تحمل من طرف الجندي اثناء المعركة لحماية نفسه من ان يجرح بسيوف اعداءه. "ان يكون درعا" لشخص يعني ان يحمي هذا الشخص من الاذى. . الدروع, عادة ما تكون دائرية او بيضاوية الشكل و تصنع من مواد مثل الجلد, الخشب, او من المعدن الذي يكون قويا و سميكا بما يكفي ليمنع السيف او السهم من اختراقها. . استخدام هذا اللفظ كإستعارة, يشير الكتاب المقدس الى الله على انه درع حماية لشعبه. See: Metaphor. . تكلم بولس ايضا عن "درع الايمان", كطريقة رمزية للقول ان الايمان بيسوع, و العيش حياة الطاعة لله من خلال هذا الايمان, يحمي المؤمنين من الهجومات الروحية التي يشنها الشيطان.

درع

اللفظ "درع" تشير الى احد المعدات التي يستخدمها الجندي للقتال و لحماية نفسه من هجومات العدو. و تستخدم كذلك بصفة تصويرية للاشارة الى السلاح الروحي. . اجزاء من اسلحة الجندي تضم الخوذة, و الدرع, و الترس, و غطاء لحماية الاقدام, و السيف.
. باستعمال اللفظ الوصفي, قارن الرسول بولس بين الاسلحة المادية و الاسلحة الروحانية التي يعطيها الله للمؤمن لكي تساعده في حربه الروحية. . الاسلحة الروحية التي يعطيها الله لشعبه ليحاربوا ضد الخطية و ضد الشيطان تتضمن الحق, البر, بشارة السلام, الايمان, الخلاص, و الروح القدس. . يمكن ان يترجم بلفظ يحمل معنى, "معدات الجندي" او "الملابس القتالية الواقية" او "اغطية واقية" او "سلاح".

درع, أفود

اللفظ " درع" يشير الى قطعة السلاح التي تغلف الجزء الامامي من الصدر لتحمي الجندي اثناء المعركة. اللفظ "الصدرية" يشير قطعة خاصة من اللباس التي يلبسها رئيس الكهنة الاسرائيلي على الجهة الامامية للصدر. . ال "الدرع" الذي يستخدمه الجندي ممكن ان يكون مصنوعا من الخشب, المعدن, او جلد الحيوانات. لكي يحول دون انغراز السهام, او الرماح,او السيوف في صدر الجندي. . ال "الافود" الملبوس من طرف رئيس الكهنة الاسرائيلي مصنوع من القماش و هناك حجارة مضيئة ملتصقة عليه. يرتدي الكاهن هذا الافود عندما يؤدي واجبات خدمته في الهيكل. . طرق اخرى لترجمة هذا اللفظ "درع" ممكن ان يتضمن, " صدرية معدنية للحماية والتغطية" او "قطعة السلاح التي تحمي الصدر". . اللفظ "افود" ممكن ان يترحم بكلمة يكون معناها, "لباس الكهنوت الذي يغطي الصدر" او "قطعة الثوب الخاصة بالكهنة" او "قطعة لباس الكهنة الخاصة بالصدر".

دفع

اللفظ "دفع" يعني حرفيا تحريك شيء ما من مكانه بإستخدام القوة. و هناك ايضا العديد من المعاني المجازية لهذا اللفظ. . التعبير "يدفع بعيدا" يمكن ان يعني "يطرح" او "يرفض مساعدة". . "يدفع الى" قد تعني "يضغط" او "يضطهد" او "يتحدى". و قد يعني حرفيا دفع شخص ما ليقع على الارض. . ان "يدفع شخصا ما خارجا" يعني ان "يتخلص من" او "يرسله بعيدا". . التعبير "يدفع للامام" يعني ان يثابر او يستمر في فعل شيء ما دون التأكد حقا انه صحيح او آمن.

دفن, مدفون, دفْن

اللفظ "دفن" عادة يشير الى وضع جسد ميت في فجوة او في مكان اخر مخصص للدفن. اللفظ "دفْن" هو فعل دفن شيء ما او ممكن ان يستخدم لوصف مكان معد لدفن شيء ما. . عادة ما يدفن الناس الجسد الميت بوضعه في فجوة عميقة في الارض و يغطونه بعد ذلك بالتراب. . في بعض الاحيان يوضع الجسد الميت في صندوق مثل الهيكل, و الكفن قبل دفنه.
. في زمن الكتاب المقدس, الناس الموتى عادة ما يدفنون في مغارة او اماكن مشابهة. بعد موت المسيح, لُف جسده بالاكفان و وُضع في قبر محفور في الصخر الذي اغلق بحجر كبير دُحرج على مدخله. . اللفظ "مكان الدفن" او "غرفة الدفن" او "مغارة الدفن" كلهم طرق للاشارة الى المكان الذي يدفن فيه الميت. . اشياء اخرى كذلك ممكن ان تُدفن, مثل ما فعل عخان عندما دفن الذهب واشياء اخرى سرقها من اريحا. . العبارة "دفن وجهه" عادة تعني, "غطى وجهه بيديه". . في بعض الاحيان الكلمة "اخفاء" ممكن ان تعني "دفن" مثلما فعل عخان عندما خبأ الاشياء التي سرقها من اريحا في حفرة. هذا يعني انه دفنها في الارض.

دليلة

دليلة هي امرأة فلسطينية احبها شمشون, و لكنها لم تكن زوجته. . احبت دليلة المال اكثر مما احبت شمشون. . قدم الفلسطينيون رشوة لدليلة للايقاع بشمشون بإطلاعها عن الشيء الذي يجعله ضعيفا. و عندما ذهبت عنه قوته, قبض عليه الفلسطينيون.

دم

اللفظ "دم" يشير الى السائل الاحمر الذي يخرج من جلد شخص عند الاصابة او الجرح. الدم يحمل مغذيات تعطي الحياة لجسم الشخص بأكمله. . الدم يرمز للحياة و عندما يسفك الدم او يسيل, فهو يرمز الى فقدان الحياة, او الموت. . عندما يقدم الشعب قربان لله,فانهم يذبحون حيوانا و يسكبون دمه على المذبح. و هذا يرمز الى ان تقديم حياة الحيوان اضحية لدفع خطايا الشعب. . من خلال موته على الصليب. دم يسوع رمزيا يطهر الشعب من خطاياهم و يدفع ثمن العقاب الذي يستحقونه من اجل معاصيهم. . العبارة " الجسد و الدم" تشير الى الكائنات البشرية. . التعبير "جسدنا ودمنا" تشير الى الناس المرتبطون بيولوجيا.

اقتراحات الترجمة . هذا اللفظ ينبغي ان يترجم باللفظ الذي يستعمل في اللغة المستهدفة في الترجمة. . التعبير "الجسد و الدم" ممكن ان تترجم ب, "شعب" او "بشر". . على حسب السياق, التعبير "جسدنا و دمنا" ممكن ان تترجم ب "عائلتي الخاصة" او " اقربائي" او "شعبي". . اذا كان هناك تعبير في اللغة المستهدفة يستعمل بهذا المعنى يمكن استعماله لترجمة "جسد و دم".

دمشق

دمشق هي عاصمة بلاد سوريا. و هي لحد الان في نفس الموقع الذي كانت عليه ايام الكتاب المقدس. . دمشق هي واحدة من اقدم المدن الآهلة بالسكان في العالم. . خلال عصر ابراهيم, كانت دمشق عاصمة المملكة الآرامية ( تقع في سوريا الحالية). . عبر العهد القديم, هناك العديد من المراجع للتفاعلات بين سكان دمشق وبين شعب اسرائيل. . العديد من النبوؤات الكتابية قيلت على دمار دمشق. هذه النبوؤات تكون قد تحققت عندما دمرت المملكة الاشورية المدينة في زمن العهد القديم, او ممكن ان تتحقق في المستقبل, وتدمر المدينة تدميرا كليا. . في العهد الجديد, الفريسي شاول (في ما بعد اصبح بولس) كان في طريقه الى مدينة دمشق لاعتقال المسيحيين عندما ظهر له يسوع و واجهه مما تسبب في ايمانه.

دمّر, دمار

اللفظ "دمّر" او "يدمر" يشير الى تخريب او اتلاف ارض او ممتلكات. و غالبا ما تشمل اهلاك او سبي الشعب الذي يعيش في تلك الارض. . هذا يشير الى دمار شامل وقاسي. . على سبيل المثال, مدينة سدوم دُمرت من طرف الله كعقاب على خطيئة الناس الساكنين فيها. . اللفظ "دمار" ممكن ايضا ان يتضمن التسبب في حزن عاطفي كبيرناتج عن عقاب او خراب.

اقتراحات الترجمة

. اللفظ "دمّر" ممكن ان يترجم ب "خرب كليا" او "اهلك بالكامل". . على حسب السياق, "دمار" ممكن ان تترجم ب "خراب شامل" او "حزن ساحق" او "مصيبة".

دنس

ان يدنس شيئا ما يعني ان يتصرف بطريقة ثلوث, تنجس, او تقلل من احترام شيء مقدس. . الشخص الدنس هو الشخص الذي يتصرف بطريقة مهينة و لا تمجد الله. . الفعل "يدنس" يمكن ان يترجم ب "ان يعامل كأنه غير مقدس" او "ان يكون غير موقر تجاه" او "ان لا يمجد". . اخبر الله بني اسرائيل بأنهم "دنسوا" انفسهم بالاوثان, و هذا يعني ان الناس جعلوا من انفسهم "غير طاهرين" او "في خزي" بسبب هذه الخطيئة. و بهذا لم يمجدوا الله ايضا. . على حسب السياق, الصفة "دنس" يمكن ان تترجم ب "اهانة" او "انكار لله" او "غير مقدس".

دنس

اللفظ "دنس" يعني ان يضر او يلوث مكان او شيء مقدس بطريقة يصبح فيها غير صالح ليستخدم في العبادة. . عادة تدنيس شيء ما يتضمن اظهار عدم احترام كبير له. . على سبيل المثال, الملوك الوثنيون يدنسون انية هيكل الله باستخدامها في حفلاتهم التي يقيمونها داخل قصورهم. . تستخدم عظام الموتى من طرف الاعداء لتدنيس مذبح هيكل الرب. . هذا اللفظ ممكن ان يترجم ب, "تسبب له في ان يصبح غير مقدس" او "اهانة عن طريق عمل النجاسة" او "دنس غير لائق" او "تسبب في ان يكون غير طاهر".

ذئب, ذئاب, كلاب برية

الذئب هو حيوان مفترس آكل لحوم شبيه بالكلب البري. . عادة ما تصطاد الذئاب في مجموعات و تنقض على فريستها بطريقة خفية و ذكية. . في الكتاب المقدس, اللفظ "ذئاب" يستخدم استخداما رمزيا للاشارة الى المعلمين الكذبة او الى الانبياء الكذبة الذين يهدمون ايمان المؤمنين, الذين يقارنون بالخراف. التعليم الكاذب يجعل الناس يؤمنون بأشياء خاطئة تسبب لهم الاذى. . هذه المقارنة مؤسسة على حقيقة ان الخراف خصوصا معرضة لان تهجم عليها الذئاب و تأكلها. لانها ضعيفة و لا تستطيع الدفاع عن نفسها.

ذبح, ذبيح

اللفظ "ذبح" يعني ان يقتل شخصا او حيوانا. عادة ما يعني ان يقتل بطريقة عنيفة و قوية. . عندما تشير الى حيوان او الى عدد كبير من الناس, اللفظ "مذبحة" هو لفظ آخر عادة ما يتم استخدامه. . الكلمة "قتل" يمكن استخدامها ايضا لترجمة هذا اللفظ. . العبارة "القتيل" يمكن ان تترجم ايضا ب "الشخص الذي قُتل" او "الناس الذين قُتلوا".

ذبيحة, تقدمة

في الكتاب المقدس, اللفظان "ذبيحة" و "تقدمة" يشيران الى هدايا خاصة تقدم لله عبادة له. يقدم الناس ايضا الذبائح الى الالهة المزيفة. . الكلمة "تقدمة" بصفة عامة تشير الى اي شيء يهدى او يعطى. اللفظ "ذبيحة" يشير الى منح او فعل شيء مكلف بالنسبة للمانح. . التقدمات التي تقدم لله هي عبارة عن اشياء خاصة طلب الله من بني اسرائيل تقديمها بهدف التعبير عن الاخلاص و الطاعة له. . اسماء مختلف الذبائح, مثل "ذبيحة المحرقة" و "ذبيحة السلامة", تبين اي نوع من الذبائح ستقدم. . الذبائح المقدمة الى الله تتضمن ذبح حيوان. . فقط ذبيحة يسوع, الكاملة, بدون خطية, وحدها قادرة على تطهير الناس من الخطية, الشيء الذي لا تفعله الذبائح الحيوانية. . التعبير الرمزي "قدموا انفسكم ذبيحة حية" يقصد به عيشوا حياة في طاعة كاملة لله, سلموا كل شيء من اجل خدمته.

اقتراحات الترجمة . اللفظ "ذبيحة" يمكن ان يترجم ب "عطية الى الله" او "شيء يقدم الى الله" او "شيء ذو قيمة يفدم الى الله". . على حسب السياق, اللفظ "ذبيحة" قد يترجم ب "شيء ذو قيمة يقدم للعبادة" او "حيوان معين يذبح و يقدم لله". . الفعل, "يذبح" قد يترجم ب, "ان يقدم شيء ذو قيمة" او "ان يقتل حيوان و يقدمه الى الله". . طريقة اخرى لترجمة "قدموا انفسكم ذبيحة حية" يمكن ان يترجم ب, "طالما انكم على قيد الحياة, قدموا انفسكم لله بالكامل مثلما يقدم الحيوان على المذبح".

ذبيحة الاثم

ذبيحة الاثم هي تقدمة او قربان امر الله به بني اسرائيل ان يقدموه اذا اخطاوا سهوا مثل عدم احترام الله او افساد ممتلكات شخص اخر. . هذه التقدمة تتطلب تقديم حيوان و دفع غرامة مالية, من الفضة اوالذهب. . بالاضافة الى ذلك, الشخص المذنب مسؤول عن تعويض اي خسائر تسبب فيها.

ذبيحة الخطية

"ذبيحة الخطية" هي واحدة من بين العديد من الذبائح التي امر الله بني اسرائيل بتقديمها. . تتضمن هذه الذبيحة ذبح ثور, و حرق دمه و شحمه على المذبح, و اخذ ما تبقى من جسد الذبيحة و حرقها على الارض خارج مخيم اسرائيل. . الحرق الكامل لهذه الذبيحة الحيوانية يظهر كم ان الله قدوس و كم ان الانسان خاطيء. . يعلم الكتاب المقدس, انه لكي يكون هناك تطهيرا من الخطية, يجب ان يسكب الدم ليدفع ثمن الخطية المرتكبة. . الحيوان المقدم كذبيحة لا يمكنه ان يجلب الغفران الدائم للخطية. . موت يسوع على الصليب يدفع اجرة الخطية, مرة والى الابد. انه الذبيحة الكاملة للخطية.

ذبيحة السلامة

"ذبيحة السلامة" هي واحدة من عديد الذبائح التي امر الله بني اسرائيل بتقديمها. و تسمى في بعض الاحيان "ذبيحة الشكر" او "تقدمة الشركة". . تتضمن هذه التقدمة التضيحة بحيوان بدون عيوب, و رش دمه على المذبح, و حرق شحمه, ثم الحيوان بكامله على حدى. . تضاف الى هذه الذبيحة تقدمة من الخبز المختمر و الخبز الغير مختمر, وتحرق بالكامل كذبيحة محرقة. . الكاهن و مقدم الذبيحة يسمح لهما بالمشاركة في اكل الطعام المقدم. . ترمز هذه الذبيحة الى الشركة بين الله و شعبه.

ذهب

الذهب هو المعدن ذو اللون الاصفر و ذو الجودة العالية الذي يستخدم لصنع المجوهرات و الاشياء الدينية. و هو المعدن الاكثر قيمة خلال الازمنة الغابرة. . في زمن الكتاب المقدس, العديد من مختلف الاشياء صنعت من الذهب المتين او غلفت بطبقة رفيعة من الذهب. . هذه الاشياء تشمل اقراط الاذن و جواهر اخرى, تماثيل, مذابح, و اشياء اخرى تستخدم في الهيكل او في خيمة الشهادة, مثل ثابوت العهد. . في ازمنة العهد القديم, استخدم الذهب للمقايضة في البيع و الشراء. و كان يوزن في الميزان لتحديد قيمته. . فيما بعد, الذهب و معادن اخرى مثل الفضة صقلوا بشكل قطع لتستخدم في البيع و الشراء. . عند الاشارة الى شيء غير مصنوع بالذهب بالكامل و لكنه مغلف فقط بالذهب, يمكن استخدام هذه الالفاظ "ذهبي" او "مغلف بالذهب" او "ممزوج بالذهب". . في بعض الاحيان الاشياء التي توصف ب "ذهبية اللون" الذي يعني انها ملونة بلون الذهب الاصفر, و لكن قد لا تكون مصنوعة من الذهب.

رأس

في الكتاب المقدس, اللفظ "رأس" يستخدم للعديد من المعاني المجازية. . عادة هذا اللفظ يستخدم للاشارة الى كونه لديه سلطة على الشعب, مثل ما جاء في , "و جعلتني رأسا للامم". هذا ممكن ان يترجم ب, "جعلت مني حاكما..." او "اعطيتني السلطة على..." . يدعى يسوع "رأس الكنيسة". تماما مثلما يقود رأس الشخص صاحبه و يقود اعضاء الجسد. كذلك يقود يسوع و يوجه اعضاء "جسده" الكنيسة. . يعلم العهد الجديد ان الزوج هو "الرأس" او صاحب السلطة على زوجته. اعطيت له مسؤولية قيادة و توجيه زوجته و العائلة. . التعبير, " لا تحلق موس رأسه" يعني "انه لا يقص شعره ابدا". . اللفظ "رأس" ممكن ايضا ان يشير الى بداية او مصدر شيء ما مثل ما جاء في "رأس الطريق". . التعبير "رؤوس الحبوب" يشير الى اعلى جزء من نبات القمح او الشعير التي تحتوي على البذور. . استخدام مجازي اخر ل "رأس" هي عندما تستخدم لتمثيل كل الاشخاص مثل ما جاء في , "اشيب الرأس" تشير الى الاشخاص كبار السن او "رأس يوسف" يشير الى يوسف" ( انظر ايضا: [synecdoche] (rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche)). . التعبير "ليكن دمهم على رؤوسهم" يعني ان هؤلاء الرجال مسؤولون عن موتهم و انهم سوف يعاقبون على هذا.

اقتراحات الترجمة

. على حسب السياق, اللفظ "رأس" ممكن ان تترجم ب, "سلطة" او "الذي يقود و يرشد" او " الشخص المسؤول عن". . التعبير "رأس على" ممكن ان تشير الى جميع الاشخاص و يمكن ترجمة هذا التعبير فقط باستخدام اسم الشخص. مثلا, "رأس يوسف" ممكن ان تترجم ببساطة "يوسف". .التعبير "سيكون على رأسه" ممكن ان تترجم ب "سيكون عليه" او "سوف يعاقب على" او "انه سيتحمل مسؤولية" او "انه سيكون مذنب ب". .على حسب السياق, طرق اخرى لترجمة هذا اللفظ ممكن ان تشمل, "بداية" او "حاكم" او "قائد" او "قمة".

رأوبين

رأوبين هو الابن البكر ليعقوب. امه ليئة. . عندما كان اخوته يخططون لقتل اخيهم الاصغر يوسف, انقذ رأوبين حياة يوسف بأن طلب منهم وضعه داخل البئر بدلا من قتله. . عاد رأوبين فيما بعد لانقاذ يوسف, لكن بقية اخوته كانوا قد باعوه عبدا الى تجار مروا بالقرب من هناك. . اصبح احفاد رأوبين احد عشائر بني اسرائيل الاثنى عشر.

رؤيا

اللفظ "رؤيا" يشير الى شيء رآه الشخص. و يشير بالخصوص الى شيء غير عادي و فوق طبيعي يريه الله الى الناس بغرض اعطاءهم رسالة. . غالبا, ماترى الرؤى عندما يكون الشخص مستيقظا. و مع ذلك تكون الرؤيا احيانا شيء يراه الشخص في حلم و هو نائم. . يعطي الله الرؤى ليخبر الناس عن شيء في غاية الاهمية. على سبيل المثال, ارى بطرس رؤيا ليقول له ان الله يطلب منه ان يرحب بالوثنيين.

رئيس, رئيسة

"الرئيس" هو ابن الملك. "الرئيسة" هي ابنة الملك. . اللفظ "رئيس" عادة يستخدم مجازيا للاشارة الى قائد, حاكم, او اي شخص اخر في مركز قوة. . بسبب ثروته و اهميته, كان يشار الى ابراهيم ب "رئيس" من طرف الحثيين الذين كان يسكن بينهم. . في سفر دانيال, اللفظ "رئيس" الذي تم استخدامه في تعبير "رئيس فارس" و "رئيس اليونان", في هذه السياقات حتما يشير الى القوات الروحية الشريرة التي تملك سلطة على هذه المناطق. . رئيس الملائكة ميخائيل يشار اليه ايضا ب "رئيس" في كتاب دانيال. . في بعض الاحيان في الكتاب المقدس يشار الى الشيطان على انه "رئيس هذا العالم". . يدعى يسوع "رئيس السلام" و "رئيس الحياة". . في اعمال الرسل 2: 36, يشار الى يسوع ب "ربا و مسيحا" و في اعمال 5: 31 يشار إليه على انه "رئيسا و مخلصا", اظهارا للمعنى الموازي ل "رب" و "رئيس".

اقتراحات الترجمة . طرق ترجمة "رئيس" قد تشمل, "ابن الملك" او "حاكم" او "قائد" او "زعيم" او "قبطان". . عندما يشير الى الملائكة, هذا اللفظ يمكن ان يترجم ب, "ملاك حاكم" او "ملاك قائد". . عندما يشير الى الشيطان او ارواح الشر الاخرى, يمكن ترجمة هذا اللفظ ب, "روح شرير حاكم" او "روح قوي قائد" او "روح حاكم". على حسب السياق.

رئيس

اللفظ "رئيس" يشير الى القائد الاكثر قوة او الاكثر اهمية في مجموعة خاصة. . امثلة على هذا تتضمن, "رئيس العازفين", "رئيس الكهنة", "رئيس جامعي الضرائب" او "رئيس الحكام". . ممكن ايضا ان تستخدم رئيس عائلة محددة, مثل ما جاء في تكوين 36 عندما سمي بعض الرجال ب "رؤساء" لفرق عائلاتهم.في هذا السياق, اللفظ "رئيس" ممكن ان يترجم ب "قائد" او "الاب الرئيسي". . عندما يستخدم لوصف اسم ما, هذا اللفظ ممكن ان يترجم ب " قيادة" او " حاكم" مثل "العزف القائد" او "الكاهن الحاكم".

رئيس الكهنة

اللفظ "رئيس الكهنة" يشير الى كاهن خاص يعين للخدمة لمدة سنة كاملة كقائد لكل بقية الكهنة الاسرائيليين. . لرئيس الكهنة مسؤوليات خاصة. هو الشخص الوحيد الذي يسمح له بالدخول الى الجزء من الهيكل المسمى قدس الاقداس لتقديم ذبيحة خاصة مرة واحدة في السنة. . في حين ان للاسرائيليين العديد من الكهنة, لكن فقط رئيس كهنة واحد. . عندما تم القبض على يسوع, كان قيافا رئيس الكهنة انذاك. كما يذكر في بعض الاحيان ان حمو قيافا حنّان كان رئيس الكهنة السابق الذي ربما لا يزال له تأثير و سلطان على الشعب.

اقتراحات الترجمة

. "رئيس الكهنة" ممكن ان تترجم ب "الكاهن الاعلى" او "الكاهن العالي الرتبة". . تأكد من ان هذا اللفظ يترجم مختلفا عن لفظ "قائد الكهنة".

رئيس الكهنة

رئيس الكهنة هو قائد ديني يهودي مهم في الفترة التي تجسد فيها يسوع على الارض. . رؤساء الكهنة هم المسؤولون عن كل الحاجات التي تخص خدمة العبادة في الخيمة, و هم كذلك مكلفون بالمال الذي يقدم للهيكل. . كانوا الاعلى في الرتبة والقوة من كل الكهنة العاديين. وحده الكاهن الاعلى له السلطة الاكبر. . رؤساء الكهنة كانوا من الاعداء الرئيسيين ليسوع و الاكثر تأثيرا على القادة الرومانيين للقبض على يسوع وقتله.

اقتراحات الترجمة . اللفظ "رئيس الكهنة" ممكن ان تترجم كذلك ب " قائد الكهنة" او " زعيم الكهنة" او "حاكم الكهنة". . تأكد ان هذا اللفظ يترجم بطريقة مختلفة عن اللفظ "الكاهن الاعلى".

رئيس ربع

اللفظ "رئيس ربع" يشير الى مسؤول حكومي يحكم على جزء من الامبراطورية الرومانية. كل حاكم ربع هو تحت سلطة الامبراطور الروماني. . اللقب "حاكم ربع" يعني "واحد من اربعة حكّام مشتركين". . ابتداءا من الامبراطور دقلديانوس, اصبح هناك اربعة اقسام رئيسية للامبراطورية الرومانية و كل حاكم ربع يحكم جزءا منها. . مملكة هيرودس الكبير, الذي كان ملكا زمن ولادة يسوع المسيح, تم تقسيمها الى اربعة اجزاء بعد موته, و حكمت من طرف ابناءه ك "حكام ربع", او "رؤساء ربع". . و كل جزء يحتوي على جزء واحدا صغيرا او اكثر يدعى "مقاطعة", مثل الجليل, او السامرة. . "هيرودس حاكم ربع" ذكر العديد من المرات في العهد الجديد. و يعرف ايضا بإسم "هيرودس انتيباس". . اللفظ "حاكم ربع" يمكن ان يترجم "حاكم اقليمي" او "حاكم مقاطعة" او "حاكم" او "رئيس".

راحاب

راحاب هي المرأة التي كانت تعيش في اريحا عندما هاجم بنو اسرائيل المدينة. و قد كانت زانية. . خبأت راحاب الرجلين الاسرائيليين الذين جاءا للتجسس على اريحا قبل ان يهاجمها بنو اسرائيل. لقد ساعدت الجاسوسين على الهروب و الرجوع الى مخيم بني اسرائيل. . اصبحت راحاب مؤمنة بالرب. . تم انقاذها هي و عائلتها عند ما دمرت اريحا و ذهبوا للعيش مع بني اسرائيل.

راحة

اللفظ "استراح" يقصد به لغويا التوقف عن العمل بهدف الاسترخاء او استعادة القوة. العبارة "البقية من" تشير الى الباقي من شيء ما. . يمكن ان يقال على شيء انه "يستريح" في مكان ما, والذي يقصد به انه "قائم" او "جالس" هناك. . القارب الذي يأتي "للراحة" في مكان ما هو الذي "توقف" او "نزل"هناك. . عندما يستريح الشخص او الحيوان, قد يعني انه جلس اتكأ بهدف انعاش نفسه. . امر الله بني اسرائيل ان يستريحوا في اليوم السابع من الاسبوع. يوم عدم العمل هذا يسمى يوم "السبت". . ان يريح شيئا ما في شيء اخر يعني ان "يجعل له مكانا" او "ان يضعه" هناك.

اقتراحات الترجمة . على حسب السياق.

راحيل

راحيل هي احد زوجتي يعقوب. هي و اختها ليئة ابنتي لابان, خا يعقوب. . راحيل هي ام يوسف و بنيامين, الذين كون نسلهما عشيرتين من عشائر بني اسرائيل. . لسنوات عديدة, لم تكن راحيل قادرة على الانجاب. بعدها جعلها الله تنجب يوسف. . سنوات فيما بعد, و اثناء وضعها لابنها بنيامين, ماتت راحيل و دفنها يعقوب قرب بيت لحم.

راعوث

راعوث هي امرأة موآبية تزوجت من رجل اسرائيلي ارتحل الى موآب مع عائلته خلال فترة قيادة القضاة لبني اسرائيل. . توفي زوج راعوث و بعد ذلك بزمن قصير تركت موآب و سافرت مع حماتها نعمي التي رجعت الى مدينتها الاصلية بيت لحم في اسرائيل. . كانت راعوث كفيلة نعمي و اشتغلت كثيرا لتوفر لها الطعام. . و كانت ايضا قد انذرت نفسها لخدمة الاله الحي الحقيقي اله اسرائيل. . تزوجت راعوث برجل اسرائيلي اسمه بوعز و انجبت ابنا اصبح هو جد الملك داود و احد اسلاف يسوع المسيح.

راعي, رعى

الراعي هو الشخص الذي يهتم بالغنم. الفعل "رعى" يعني ان يحمي الغنم و يوفر لها المرعى و المياه. . يراقب الرعاة الغنم, و يقودونهم الى المراعي الجيدة و المياه. و يحمي الرعاة ايضا الغنم من الضياع و الحيوانات المفترسة. . يستخدم هذا اللفظ عادة كإستعارة في الكتاب المقدس للاشارة الى الاهتمام بالاحياجات الروحية للمؤمنين. و يتضمن هذا تعليمهم ما يقول لهم الله في الكتاب المقدس و يوجهونهم الى الطريق الذي يجب ان يسلكوا فيه كمؤمنين. انظر (metaphor) . في العهد القديم, دعيَ الله ب "الراعي" لشعبه لانه يهتم بهم في كل احتياجاتهم و يحميهم. وهو يقودهم ايضا و يرشدهم. . كان موسى راعي لبني اسرائيل لانه قادهم روحيا لعبادة الرب و قادهم جسديا خلال رحلتهم الى ارض كنعان. . في العهد الجديد, دعى يسوع نفسه "الراعي الصالح". و اشار اليه ايضا لرسول بولس ب "الراعي العظيم" على كل الكنيسة. . كذلك في العهد الجديد, اللفظ "راعي" يستخدم للاشارة الى الشخص الذي يقود روحيا المؤمنين الاخرين. اللفظ "قس" هو نفس المعنى ل "راعي". الشيوخ و المشرفين يدعون ايضا رعاة.

اقتراحات الترجمة . عندما تستخدم حرفيا, الفعل "يرعى" يمكن ان يترجم ب "اهتم بالعنم" او "يحرس الغنم". . الشخص الذي "يرعى" يمكن ان يترجم ب, "الشخص الذي يعتني بالغنم" او"الذي يهتم بخدمة الاغنام" او "مقدم الرعاية للاغنام". . عندما تستخدم كإستعارة, هناك عدة طرق لترجمة هذا اللفظ قد تشمل, "الرعاية الروحية" او "القيادة الروحية" او "الشخص الذي يبدو مثل راعي" او "الذي يهتم بشعبه مثلما يهتم الراعي بالاغنام" او "الذي يقود شعبه مثلما يقود الراعي اغنامه" او "الذي يهتم بقطيع الله". . في نفس السياق, "راعي" يمكن ان تترجم ب "قائد" او "مرشد" او "مقدم العناية".

راموت

راموت هي مدينة مهمة تقع في جبال جلعاد قرب نهر الاردن. و تسمى ايضا راموت جلعاد. . تنتمي راموت الى عشيرة جاد احد عشائر بني اسرائيل و تعتبر احد مدن الملجأ. . ملك اسرائيل آحاب و ملك يهوذا يهوشافاط اتحدا ضد ملك آرام في راموت. و قتل آحاب خلال هذه المعركة. . في وقت لاحق, حاول الملك احزيا و الملك يورام ان يسترجعا المدينة من يد ملك آرام. . راموت جلعاد هي المكان الذي مُسح فيه ياهو ليكون ملكا على كل اسرائيل.

رامي

اللفظ "رامي" يشير الى الرجل الماهر في استعمال القوس و السهم كسلاح. . في الكتاب المقدس, الرامي عادة هو المحارب الذي يستعمل القوس و السهم في الجيش ليقاتل. . الرماة هم جزء مهم في القوة العسكرية الاشورية. . في بعض اللغات ممكن ان يكون لديها لفظ مثل, "رجل القوس".

رب, سيد, سيدي

اللفظ "رب" يشير الى الشخص الذي له الملكية او السلطة على بقية الناس. . يترجم هذا اللفظ في بعض الاحيان ب "سيد" عن مخاطبة يسوع او عند الاشارة الى شخص يملك عبيد. . بعض الطبعات الانجليزية تترجم هذا ب "سيدي" في سياقات التي يُخاطب فيها شخص ذو مقام عالي بطريقة مهذبة.

اقتراحات الترجمة . هذه الالفاظ يجب ترجمتها ب "سيد" عندما تشير الى شخص لديه عبيد. قد يستخدم من طرف الخادم عندما يخاطب الشخص الذي يعمل لديه. . عندما يشير الى يسوع, يمكن ترجمتها ب "سيد" اذا كان يظهر في السياق معنى "معلم ديني". . اذا كان الشخص الذي يخاطب يسوع لا يعرفه, "رب" ممكن ان تترجم ب "سيدي". هذه الترجمة تستخدم ايضا لسياقات اخرى كشكل مهذب لمخاطبة الرجل الذي يتم مناداته. . عند الاشارة الى الله الآب او الى يسوع, هذا اللفظ يكتب "رب".

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رب

اللفظ "رب" يشير الى شخص الذي له الملكية او السلطة على بقية الناس. عندما يكتب بالحرف الكبير, فإنه لقب يشير الى الله. (ملاحظة و مع ذلك يستخدم في شكل مخاطبة شخص ما او في بداية الجملة قد يكون بالحرف الكبير و يكون له معنى "سيدي" او "سيد"). . في العهد القديم, يستخدم هذا اللفظ في التعبيرمثل , "الله الرب صاحب السلطان" او "الرب يهوه" او "الرب سيدنا". . في العهد الجديد, استخدم الرسل هذا اللفظ في تعابير مثل, "الرب يسوع" و "الرب يسوع المسيح", التي تعبر بأن يسوع هو الله. . اللفظ "رب" في العهد الجديد يستخدم كذلك منفردا للدلالة المباشرة على الله. و خصوصا عند الاقتباس من العهد القديم. مثلا, نص العهد القديم, جاء فيه "مبارك الاتي بإسم الرب يهوه" و نص العهد الجديد جاء فيه "مبارك الاتي بإسم الرب". . في كل من ULB و UDB, اللقب, "رب" يستخدم فقط لترجمة الاصل العبري و اليوناني للكلمات التي تعني "رب". و لا تستخدم ابدا لترجمة اسم الله (يهوه), مثلما هو معمول به في الكثير من الترجمات.

اقتراحات الترجمة

. يترجم هذا اللفظ في بعض اللغات ب "سيد" او "حاكم" او بعض الالفاظ الاخرى التي تنقل معنى الملكية او الحاكم المطلق. . في السياقات المناسبة, العديد من الترجمات تكبر الحرف الاول لهذا اللفظ لكي توضح للقاريء بأن هذا لقب بشير الى الله. . بالنسبة لآيات العهد العهد الجديد و التي تم اقتباسها من العهد القديم, اللفظ "الرب الاله" يمكن ان يستخدم ليكون واضح انه يشير الى الله.

ربي, ربوني

اللفظ "ربي" لغويا يعني, "سيدي" او "معلمي". . هو لقب احترام يستخدم لمناداة الرجل الذي يعلم الديانة اليهودية, و خصوصا معلم شريعة الله. .كل من يوحنا المعمدان و يسوع تم تسميتهم ب "ربي" من طرف تلاميدهم.

اقتراحات الترجمة . طرق لترجمة هذا اللفظ قد تشمل, "سيدي" او "معلمي" او "معلم محترم" او "معلم دين". بعض اللغات قد تكتب بالحرف الكبير كلمات مثل هذه و قد لا يفعل البعض الاخر. . قد تكون للغة المستهدفة ايضا طريقة خاصة لمناداة المعلمين. . تأكد من ان ترجمة هذا اللفظ لا توحي بمعنى ان يسوع معلم مدرسة. . مع الاخذ بعين الاعتبار كيف تمت ترجمة "ربي" في الكتاب المقدس في اللغة المحلية او الوطنية.

ربّة

ربّة هي اهم مدينة بالنسبة للعمونيين. . في معاركهم ضد العمونيين, عادة ما يهاجم بنو اسرائيل ربّة. . استولى الملك داود ملك اسرائيل على ربّة كآخر فتوحاته. . في ايامنا هذه مدينة عمان بالاردن هي المكان الذي كانت تقع فيه مدينة ربّة.

رثى, مرثاة

اللفظين "رثى" و "مرثاة" يشيران الى تعبير قوي عن الحداد, الحزن, الكآبة. . في بعض الاحيان قد يشمل الاسف الشديد لاجل الخطية, او الشفقة على الناس الذين اختبروا كارثة. . قد تتضمن المرثاة التنهد, البكاء, النحيب.

اقتراحات الترجمة

. اللفظ "يرثي" ممكن ان تترجم ب, "حدادا عميقا" او "يبكي في حزن" او " ان يكون حزينا".

رجاء

اللفظ "رجاء" يشير الى التوقع و الرغبة الشديدة لحدوث شيئ ما. ممكن ان يعني ايضا ان لا يكون متأكدا ان هذا سيحصل. . في الكتاب المقدس, اللفظ "رجاء" له ايضا معنى ان "يثق" مثل ما جاء في, "ان رجائي هو في الرب". انه يشير الى التوقع المؤكد للحصول على ما وعد الله به شعبه. . في بعض الاحيان ULB ترجمت هذا اللفظ "رجاء" ب "ثقة", و بالخصوص في العهد الجديد في السياقات التي تشير الى الضمان في الحصول على ما وعد به الله الناس الذين يؤمنون بيسوع كمخلص لهم. . ان " لا يملك رجاءا" يعني ان لا يكون له توقع لحدوث شيء جيد. مما يعني انه من المؤكد انه سوف لن يحدث.

اقتراحات الترجمة

. في بعض السياقات, اللفظ "يرجو" ممكن ان تترجم ب "يتمنى" او "يرغب" او "يتوقع". . التعبير, "لا شيء يرجى من" ممكن ان تترجم ب "لا شيء يدعو للثقة" او "لا يوجد توقع لاي شيء جيد". . التعبير, "ليكن رجاءكم في" ممكن ان تترجم ب "ضعوا ثقتكم في" او " كونوا على ثقة في". . الجملة, وجدت رجاءي في كلامك" ممكن ايضا ان تترجم ب, "انا اثق ان كلامك حق" او " كلامك يساعدني على الثقة فيك" او "عندما اطيع كلامك, فأنا متأكد انني ساكون مباركا". . جمل مثل, "ليكن لك رجاء في الله" ممكن ان تترجم ب, "ثق في الله" او "كن على علم ان الله سوف يعمل ما وعد به" او "كن متأكدا ان الله امين".

رجال حكماء

في الكتاب المقدس, العبارة "رجال حكماء" عادة ما تشير الى رجال يخدمون الله و يتصرفون بحكمة, بدون حماقة. و هو ايضا لفظ خاص يشير الى رجال يملكون معرفة و قدرات غير عادية و يخدمون كجزء من البلاط الملكي. . احيانا اللفظ "رجال حكماء"يشرح في النص مثل "رجال حصفاء" او "رجال ذوي فهم". هذا يشير الى رجال يتصرفون بحكمة و صلاح لانهم يطيعون الله. . "الرجال الحكماء" الذين كانوا يخدمون الفراعنة او ملوك اخرين هم عادة علماء درسوا النجوم, و خصوصا البحث في المعنى الذي تصنعه مواقع النجوم في السماء. . عادة ما يكون الرجال الحكماء مختصين في تفسير الاحلام. على سبيل المثال, طلب الملك نبوخذناصر من رجاله الحكماء ان يخبروه بالحلم الذي رآه و من ثم يقولون له تفسيره, و لكن لا احد منهم كان قادرا على فعل ذلك, الا دانيال الذي تلقى معرفة من الله. . احيانا الرجال الحكماء يؤدون اعمال السحر مثل العرافة او المعجزات التي يقومون بها من خلال قوة الارواح الشريرة. . في العهد الجديد, مجموعة الرجال الذين اتوا من المشرق ليسجدوا ليسوع اطلق عيهم اسم "مجوس", التي تترجم عادة ب, "الرجال الحكماء" لانه يحتمل انه يشير الى الدارسين الذين يخدمون حكام الدول الشرقية. . احتمال كبير ان يكون هؤلاء الرجال من علماء الفلك الذين يدرسون النجوم. و يعتقد بعضهم انهم قد يكونون من احفاد الرجال الحكماء الذين درّسهم دانيال عندما كان في بابل. . على حسب السياق, هذا اللفظ "رجال حكماء" قد يترجم باستخدام اللفظ "حكماء" او بعبارة مثل, "رجال موهوبون" او "رجال مثقفون" او بعض الالفاظ الاخرى التي تشيرالى رجال لديهم عمل مهم يقدمونه للحاكم. . عندما "رجال حكماء" يكون اسم جملة ببساطة, الكلمة "حكماء" يمكن ان تترجم بنفس الطريقة التي ترجمت بها في الكتاب المقدس

رجل الله

التعبير "رجل الله" هو طريقة محترمة للاشارة الى نبي من انبياء الرب. و ايضا يستخدم للاشارة الى ملاك الرب. . عندما يشير الى نبي. يمكن ان يترجم هذا ايضا ب "الرجل الذي ينتمي الى الله" او "الرجل الذي اختاره الله" او "الرجل الذي يخدم الله". . عندما يشير الى ملاك هذا يمكن ان يترجم ب, "رسول من الله" او "ملاكك" او "كائن سماوي من عند الله الذي يبدو مثل رجل".

رحبعام

رحبعام هو واحد من ابناء الملك سليمان, و اصبح ملكا على امة اسرائيل بعد موت سليمان. . في بداية حكمه, كان رحبعام متشددا مع شعبه, لهذا تمردت ضده عشر عشائر بني اسرائيل و شكلت "مملكة اسرائيل" في الشمال. .استمر رحبعام في حكم المملكة الجنوبية يهوذا التي تتكون من عشيرتي, يهوذا و بنيامين. . كان رحبعام ملكا شريرا لم يطع الرب, و لكنه عبد الاوثان.

رحم

اللفظ "رحم" يشير الى المكان الذي ينمو فيه الطفل داخل امه. . انه لفظ قديم يستخدم احيانا ليكون لفظا مهذبا و غير مباشر. . تستخدم بعض اللغات لفظ مثل "بطن" للاشارة الى رحم المرأة. . استخدم اللفظ الاكثر شيوعا في مشروع الترجمة, و الذي يكون طبيعيا و مقبولا.

رحمة, رحيم

اللفظين "رحمة" و "رحيم" يشيران الى مساعدة الاشخاص الذين هم في احتياج, و خصوصا اذا كانوا في ظروف سيئة.. . اللفظ "رحمة" يمكن ان يتضمن معنى عدم عقاب الاشخاص من اجل الاشياء الخاطئة التي فعلوها. . يوصف الشخص القوي مثل الملك بأنه "رحيم" عندما يعامل الاشخاص برفق بدلا من ايذائهم. . ان نكون رحماء يعني ايضا ان نسامح شخصا ما اخطأ في حقنا. . نظهر الرحمة عندما نساعد الناس الذين لديهم احتياج شديد. . الله رحيم بنا, و يطلب منا ان نكون رحماء مع الاخرين.

اقتراحات الترجمة

. على حسب السياق, "رحمة" يمكن ترجمتها ب, "لطف" او "عطف" او "شفقة". . اللفظ "رحيم" يمكن ان يترجم ب, "اظهار الشفقة" او "ان يكون لطيفا مع" او "متسامح". . ان "يظهر الرحمة ل" ممكن ان تترجم ب, "يعامل بلطف" او "ان يكون شفوقا اتجاه".

رداء

الرداء هو لباس خارجي بأكمام طويلة يمكن ارتداؤه من قبل كل من الرجال و النساء. و هو شبيه بالمعطف. . الاردية مفتوحة من الامام و يتم غلقها بربطها بوشاح او حزام. . يمكن ان تكون الاردية طويلة او قصيرة. . الاردية الارجوانية التي تلبس من طرف الملوك هي علامة ملوك, غنى, و هيبة.

رسول , رسولية

ال "الرسل" هم الرجال المبعوثون من طرف يسوع ليعلموا عن الله و ملكوته. اللفظ "رسولية" يشير الى المكانة و السلطة للذين أُختيروا ليكونوا رسلا. . الكلمة "رسول" تعني, " الشخص المرسل لغرض خاص". الرسول له نفس السلطة تماما مثل الشخص الذي ارسله. . التلاميذ الاثنى عشر الاقرب ليسوع اصبحوا اول الرسل, رجال اخرون مثل بولس و يعقوب, ايضا اصبحا رسولين. . بقوة الله, الرسل كانوا قادرين على تعليم الناس بكل جرأة و على شفاءهم, بالاضافة على اجبار الشياطين على الخروج من الناس.

اقتراحات الترجمة . الكلمة "رسول" ممكن ان تترجم ايضا الى كلمة او عبارة بهذا المعنى, "الشخص الذي يرسل" او "المرسول" او "الشخص المدعو لكي يذهب و يعلم رسالة الله الى الناس". . انه من المهم ان تترجم هذه الالفاظ "رسول" و "تلميذ" بطرق مختلفة عن بعضها. . مع الاخذ بعين الاعتبار كيف ترجم هذا اللفظ في الكتاب المقدس المترجم الى اللغة الوطنية او اللغة المحلية.

رسول

اللفظ, "رسول" يشير الى الشخص الذي يحمل رسالة ليقولها للاخرين. . في الازمنة الغابرة, يُبعث الرسول من ميدان المعركة لينقل اخبار الحرب للناس الذين مكثوا في المدينة. . الملاك هو رسول من نوع خاص يرسله الله ليعطي رسائل للناس. بعض الترجمات تترجم "ملاك" ب "رسول". . دعي يوحنا المعمدان بالرسول الذي يأتي قبل يسوع لكي يخبر عن مجيء المسيح و يحضر الناس لاستقباله. . رسل يسوع هم رسل يشاركون الاخبار السارة بخصوص ملكوت الله مع الاخرين.

رشوة

ال "رشوة"يعني اعطاء شيء ذو قيمة مثل, المال, لشخص ما و ذلك للتأثير عليه لكي يعمل شيء غير شريف. .الجنود الذين كانوا يحرسون قبر يسوع الفارغ قبضوا رشوة من المال لكي يكذبوا بشأن ما حصل. . في بعض الاحيان يتم رشوة المسؤول الحكومي للتغاضي عن جرائم او للاستفتاء على بعض الطرق. . الكتاب المقدس يحرم اعطاء الرشوة. . اللفظ "رشوة" ممكن ان يترجم ب, "دفع غير شريف" او "دفع من اجل الكذب" او "ثمن كسر القواعد". . "قدم رشوة" ممكن ان تترجم بكلمة او عبارة بهذا المعنى, "دفع للتأثير على (شخص)" او " دفع للحصول على محاباة غير شريفة" او " دفع من اجل المحاباة".

رعب, مرعوب

اللفظ "رعب" يشير الى الشعور الشديد بالخوف او الذعر. الشخص الذي يشعر بالرعب يسمى "مرعوب". . الرعب هو اكثر فزعا وشدة من الخوف العادي. . عادة عندما يكون شخص ما مرعوب يكون ايضا مصدوما او مذهولا.

رعب, ارعب

اللفظ "رعب" يشير الى الاحساس بالخوف المفرط. "ارعب" شخصا يعني ان يجعل هذا الشخص يحس بالخوف الشديد. . "الرعب" ( او "الاهوال") هو شيء او شخص يسبب الخوف او الفزع الشديد. مثال على ذلك هجوم جيش من الاعداء او وبأ او مرض الذي يتفشى و يقتل الكثير من الناس. . قد توصف هذه الاهوال ب "المرعبة". قد يترجم هذا اللفظ ب, "مسببة للخوف" او "تنتج ذعرا". . سوف تسبب دينونة الله يوما ما الرعب للاشخاص الغير تائبين المستهينين بنعمته. . "رعب الرب" يمكن ان يترجم ب, "حضور الرب المخيف" او "دينونة الرب المفزعة" او "عندما يسبب الرب خوفا عظيما". . طرق لترجمة "رعب" يمكن ان تشمل ايضا, "خوف مفرط" او "فزعا عميقا".

رفقة

رفقة هي البنت الكبرى لناحور اخو ابراهيم. . اختار الله ان تكون رقفة زوجة لإسحاق ابن ابراهيم. . تركت رفقة منطقة ارام النهرين المكان الذي نشأت فيه و ذهبت مع خادم ابراهيم الى منطقة النجف اين كا ن يسكن اسحاق. . لوقت طويل لم تكن رفقة قادرة على انجاب الاطفال, و لكن باركا الله فيما بعد و انجبت ولدين هما, عيسو و يعقوب.

رفيق

اللفظ "رفيق" يشير الى الشخص الذي يذهب مع شخص اخر او المرتبط بشخص اخر, مثل علاقة الصداقة او الزواج. . الرفقاء يجتازون التجارب مع بعض, يتشاركون الوجبات مع بعض, و يساند و يشجع احدهم الاخر. . على حسب السياق, هذا اللفظ ممكن كذلك ان يترجم بكلمة او عبارة يكون معناها, "صديق" او "رفيق السفر" او "مساند للشخص الذي يذهب معه".

ركضَ, ركضٌ

المصطلح "ركض" لغويا يشير الى التحرك السريع بإستخدام القدمين, غالبا ما يكون اسرع بقليل من المشي. هذا المعنى الرئيسي ل "ركض"يستخدم ايضا في تعبيرات رمزية مثل التالي: . "اركض كمن سيفوز بالجائزة" تشير الى المثابرة في عمل مشيئة الله بنفس المثابرة التي يركض بها المتسابق بهدف الفوز. . "يركضون وراء آلهة اخرى" يعني الاصرار على عبادة آلهة اخرى. . "اركض إليك لتخبـئني" يعنى الرجوع بسرعة الى الله من اجل الحماية و الامان عند مواجهة الاشياء الصعبة. معاني رمزية اخرى ل "ركض": . الماء و السوائل الاخرى مثل الدموع, الدم, العرق, و الانهار يقال عنها "تجري". قد يترجم هذا ب, "تتدفق". . و يقال عن حدود بلد او منطقة "تمتد على طول" نهر او حدود بلد مختلف. قد يترجم هذا ب "حدودها بجانب" او "يحدها". . الانهار و الجداول "تجف", و الذي يعني انها لم تعد تحتوي على الماء. قد يترجم هذا اللفظ ب "قد جفت" او "اصبحت جافة". . "تنقضي ايام العيد", الذي يعني "انها مرت"او "انتهت" او "اكملت".

ركع, ركوع

ركع يعني الانحناء للتعبير بكل تواضع عن الاحترام و الشرف تجاه شخص ما. ال "ركوع" يعني الانحناء او الركوع منخفضا جدا, غالبا ما يكون الوجه و اليدين تجاه الارض. . تعبيرات اخرى تتضمن "انحنى راكعا"( يعني الركوع) و "احنى الرأس"( بمعنى خفض الرأس الى الامام في احترام و تواضع او في حزن). .الركوع ممكن ايضا ان يكون علامة على الكرب او الحداد. الشخص ال "منحني للاسفل" هو الذي اتحرف الى ادنى مستوى من التواضع. . غالبا يركع الشخص في حضور شخص ما ذو مكانة عالية او اهمية عظيمة, مثل الملوك او بقية الحكام. . الركوع امام الله هو تعبير عن العبادة له. . في الكتاب المقدس, الجموع ركعوا انحناءا ليسوع عندما تحققوا من معجزاته و تعليمه انه جاء من عند الله. . الكتاب المقدس يقول انه في يوم عودة يسوع, كل ركبة ستنحني له بالعبادة.

اقتراحات الترجمة . على حسب السياق, هذا اللفظ ممكن ان يترجم بكلمة او عبارة بمعنى, "انحنى الى الامام" او " احنى رأسه" او "ركع". . اللفظ "ينحني الى اسفل" ممكن ان يترجم ب "ركع للاسفل" او " سجد بنفسه". . بعض اللغات لديها اكثر من طريقة لترجمة هذا اللفظ على حسب السياق.

ركيزة, عمود

اللفظ "عمود" عادة يشير الى الهيكل العمودي الكبير الذي يستخدم ليحمل السقف او اي جزء اخر من البناء. كلمة اخرى ل "عمود" هي "ركيزة". . خلال عصور الكتاب المقدس, الاعمدة التي تستخدم لدعم البناء تكون عادة منحوتة من قطعة واحدة من الحجر. . في العهد القديم عندما تم القبض على شمشون من طرف الفلسطينيين, حطم معبدهم الوثني بدفعه للاعمدة الداعمة و تسبب في انهيار المعبد. . الكلمة "عمود" في بعض الاحيان تشير الى حجر بناء كبير او نصب يقام كتذكار لتسجيل قبر او لتسجيل مكان حدثت فيه احداث هامة. . يمكن ان يشير ايضا الى تمثال صنع من اجل عبادة الهة وثنية. و هو اسم اخر ل "صورة منحوتة" و يمكن ان تترجم ب "تمثال". .اللفظ "عمود" يستخدم في بعض الاحيان للاشارة الى شيء يأخذ شكل عمود, مثل "عمود النار" الذي كان يقود بني اسرائيل ليلا عبر الصحراء او "عمود ملح" الذي تحولت اليه زوجة لوط بعد ان نظرت خلفها لترى المدينة. . و كهيكل لدعم البناء, اللفظ "عمود" او "ركيزة" يمكن ان تترجم ب "حجر مستقيم للدعم" او "الحجر الداعم للبناء". . استخدام اخر ل "عمود" يمكن ان يترجم ب "تمثال" او "كومة" او "تل" او "نصب تذكاري" او "كتلة طويلة", على حسب السياق.

رماد, غبار

اللفظ "رماد" او "غبار" ثشير الى المادة الرمادية المسحوقة التي تتشكل بعد حرق الخشب. في بعض الاحيان يستعمل بشكل مجازي للاشارة الى عديم القيمة او بدون فائدة. . في بعض الاحيان في الكتاب المقدس الكلمة "غبار" تستعمل عند الكلام عن الرماد. و من الممكن ان تشير الى الاوساخ الناعمة المنتشرة على الارض الجافة. . "كدس الرماد" هي كومة من الرماد. . في القديم, الجلوس وسط الرماد كان علامة الحداد او الحزن. . عند الحزن كانت العادة في ارتداء الخرق الممزقة البالية و الجلوس وسط الرماد او تذرية الرماد على الرأس. . وضع الرماد على الرأس هو كذلك علامة على التواضع او الارتباك. . عندما يسعى احد ما الى شيء عديم القيمة, يقال عنه "يتغذى على الرماد". . عند ترجمة "رماد" نستعمل الكلمة التي تشيرالى البقايا المتخلفة عن الخشب المحروق. . ملاحظة "شجرة الرماد" هو لفظ مختلف تماما.

رمح

الرمح هو سلاح بمقبض خشبي و شفرة معدنية حادةعلى احد طرفيه يلقى على مسافة طويلة. . الرماح اسلحة كثيرة الاستعمال اثناء الحروب خلال ازمنة الكتاب المقدس. و تستخدم ايضا في وقتنا الحالي اثناء المعارك بين مجموعات معينة من الناس. . استخدم الرمح من طرف الجندي الروماني ليطعن جنب يسوع عندما كان معلقا على الصليب. . يرمي الناس احيانا الرماح ليصطادوا الاسماك او اي فريسة اخرى بغرض اكلها. . اسلحة مشابهة هي السهم او الحربة. . تأكد من ان ترجمة "رمح" تختلف عن ترجمة "سيف" الذي يعتبر سلاح يستخدم للدفع و الطعن, و ليس للرماية. ايضا, السيف له شفرة طويلة مع مقبض, بينما الرمح لديه شفرة صغيرة في نهاية ذراع طويل.

رمون

رمون هو اسم رجل و كذلك العديد من الاماكن المذكورة في الكتاب المقدس. و هو كذلك اسم اله وثني. . رجل اسمه رمون كان بني بنيامين من مدينة بئيروت في زبولون, ابني هذا الرجل قتلا اشبوشت ابن يوناثان الذي كان اعرجا. . كانت رمون مدينة في الجزء الجنوبي من يهوذا, في المنطقة التي تسكنها عشيرة بنيامين. . "صخرة رمون" و كان مكان حماية لجأ اليه بني بنيامين هربا من القتل المعركة. . رمون فارص هو مكان غير معروف في صحراء يهوذا. . القائد السرياني نعمان كان يسجد في هيكل الاله الوثني رمون, اين كان ملك سوريا يقدم العبادة ايضا.

رمى,أبعد, ألقى

" ألقى " او "طرد" شخص ما او شيء ما يعني اجبار هذا الشخص او الشيء ليذهب بعيدا. . اللفظ "رمى" يحمل نفس المعنى مثل "ألقى". يرمي شبكة معناه يلقي شبكة في الماء. . في المعنى المجازي, "رمى" او "رمى بعيدا" شخصا ما ممكن ان تعني رفض هذا الشخص و ارساله بعيدا. اقتراحات الترجمة . على حسب السياق, طرق اخرى لترجمة هذا اللفظ ممكن ان تتضمن, "طرد" او "ارسل بعيدا" او "تخلص من". . اخراج الشياطين" ممكن تترجم ب " تسبب في خروج الشياطين" او "ابعد الارواح الشريرة" او "طرد الشياطين" او "يأمر الشياطين ان تخرج".

رمّان

الرمان هو نوع من الفاكهة, له قشرة سميكة و قاسية, فيها الكثير من البذور مملوءة بلب احمر صالح للاكل. . القشرة الخارجية لونها محمر و اللب الذي يغطي الحبوب لامع و احمر. . ينمو الرمّان بكثرة في المناطق الحارة و الجافة مثل مصر و اسرائيل. . وعد الرب بني اسرائيل بأرض كنعان الغنية بالمياه و التي ارضها خصبة و يتوفر فيها الطعام بكثرة بما في ذلك الرمّان. . بناء هيكل سليمان يتضمن زينة برونزية على شكل حبات الرمان.

رهن

اللفظ "رهن" يشير الى الوعد الرسمي المصحوب بقسم لعمل او اعطاء شيئ ما. . في العهد القديم تعهد مسؤولو بني اسرائيل ان يكونوا امناء للملك داود. . الشيء المقدم رهنا للعهد يمكن ان يعود الى صاحبه عندما يتحقق الوعد. . "ان يرهن" يمكن ان تترجم ب, "تعهد بشكل رسمي ان " او "ان يعد بشدة". . اللفظ "رهن" يمكن ان يشير ايضا الى الشيء المعطى كضمان او وعد بأن الدين سوف يتم تسديده. . طرق لترجمة "الرهن" يمكن ان تشمل "وعد رسمي" او "إلتزام رسمي" او "ضمان" او "تأمين رسمي", على حسب السياق.

روث, سماد

اللفظ "روث" يشير الى البقايا الصلبة للانسان او للحيوان, و تسمى ايضا البراز او الغائط. عندما تستعمل كسماد لتغذية التربة, تسمى "سماد". . هذه الالفاظ ممكن ان تستخدم بشكل مجازي للاشارة الى شيء ما على انه عديم القيمة او ليس له اهمية. . عادة ما تستخدم بقايا الفضلات المجففة للحيوانات كوقود. . التعبير "يكون مثل البراز على سطح الارض" ممكن ان تترجم ب, "يكون مبعثرا مثل فضلات مهملة في الارض". . "بوابة الروث" في الحائط الشرقي لاورشليم من المحتمل انه كان البوابة التي يتم من خلالها اخراج القمامة و الاوساخ من المدينة.

روح, روحي

اللفظ "روح" يشير الى الجزء الغير مادي الذي لا يمكن رؤيته للشخص. عندما يموت الشخص, فإن روحه تغادر جسده. "روح" قد تشير أيضا موقف او الى الحالة العاطفية. . اللفظ "روح" قد يشير الى كائن لا يملك جسما ماديا, خصوصا روح شرير. . روح الشخص هي الجزء الذي في كيانه الذي يستطيع ان يعرف الله و يؤمن به. . بصفة عامة, اللفظ "روحي" يصف اي شيء في العالم الغير المادي. . في الكتاب المقدس, تتم الاشارة ب "روح" الى اي شيء يتعلق بالله, و خاصة "الروح القدس". . على سبيل المثال, "طعام روحي" يشير الى تعاليم التي تغذي روح الشخص, "حكمة روحية" تشير الى السلوك بالمعرفة و الحق الذي يستمد من الروح القدس. . الله روح و قد خلق الكائنات الروحية الاخرى التي لا تملك اجسادا مادية. . الملائكة هي كائنات روحية, بما في ذلك الملائكة الذين تمردوا ضد الله و اصبحوا ارواحا شريرة. . اللفظ "روح كذا" قد يعني ايضا "امتلاك صفات كذا", مثل ما جاء في "روح حكمة" او "في روح أليشع". . امثلة ل "روح" كموقف او شعور قد تشمل "روح الخوف" او "روح الغيرة".

اقتراحات الترجمة . على حسب السياق, بعض الطرق لترجمة "روح" قد تشمل, "كائن غير مادي" او "الجزء الداخلي" او "كائن غير مرئي". . في بعض السياقات اللفظ "روح" يمكن ترجمته ب "روح شرير" او "كائن روحي شرير". . في بعض الاحيان اللفظ "روح" يستخدم للتعبير عن شعور الشخص مثل ما جاء في, "روحي حزينة في داخلي". يمكن ترجمة هذا ب, "اشعر بالحزن في روحي". . العبارة "روح كذا" قد تترجم ب, "صفات كذا" او "تأثير كذا" او "موقف كذا" او "تفكير كذا".

روع, رائع

اللفظ "روع" يشير الى معنى الذهول و التقدير العميق الذي يحدث نتيجة رؤية شيء عظيم, قوي, و مذهل. . اللفظ "رائع" يصف شخصا ما او شيء ما يلهم الشعور بالرعب. . رؤية مجد الله الذي عاينه النبي حزقيال كان "رائع" او "مذهل". . استجابات الانسان العادي تظهر حضور الله المرعب الذي يشمل: الخوف, السجود او الركوع على الركبتين, تغطية الوجه, الارتجاف.

روعة

اللفظ "روعة" يشير الى الجمال المطلق و الاناقة التي عادة ما تترافق مع الثروة و المظهر الرائع. . عادة تستخدم العظمة لوصف الثراء الذي لدى الملك, او كيف يبدو في اناقته الجميله الباهظة. . الكلمة "روعة" قد تستخدم ايضا لوصف جمال الاشجار, الجبال, و الاشياء الاخرى التي خلقها الله. . بعض المدن يقال عنها رائعة, اشارة الى ثرواتها الطبيعية و مبانيها الضخمة, و طرقها, و ثراء شعبها, الذي يشمل الملابس الباهظة, الذهب و الفضة. . على حسب السياق,هذه الكلمة قد تترجم ب, "جمال رائع" او "جلالة مذهلة" او "عظمة ملكية".

روما, روماني

في زمن العهد الجديد, كانت مدينة روما هي مركز الامبراطورية الرومانية. و هي حاليا عاصمة دولة ايطاليا. . جكمت الامبراطورية الرومانية على منطقة حوض البحر الابيض المتوسط, بما في ذلك اسرائيل. . اللفظ, "روماني"يشير الى اي شيء مرتبط بالمنطقة التي تسيطر عليها روما, بما في ذلك المواطنون و المسؤولون الرومانيون. . اُخذ الرسول بولس الى مدينة روما كسجين لانه بشّر بالاخبار السارة المتعلقة بيسوع. .سفر العهد الجديد "روما" هو رسالة كتبها بولس الى المؤمنين في روما.

زانية, عاهرة, فاجرة

اللفظين "زانية" و "عاهرة" كلاهما يشيران الى الشخص الذي يمارس العلاقات الجنسية مقابل المال او لطقوس دينية. الزواني و العاهرات هن بائعات الهوى من الاناث, و لكن منهم ايضا بعض الذكور. . في الكتاب المقدس, الكلمة "زانية" تستخدم احيانا مجازيا للاشارة الى الشخص الذي يعبد الالهة المزيفة او الذي يمارس السحر. . التعبير "لعب الزانية" لشيء ما يعني ان يتصرف مثل زانية من خلال كونه عاهر جنسيا. يستخدم هذا التعبير ايضا في الكتاب المقدس للاشارة الى الشخص الذي يعبد الاوثان. .ان "يزني" لشيء ما يعني ان يكون فاسق جنسيا او عندما تستخدم مجازيا, يعني ان يكون غير امين لله بعبادة الاوثان. . في الازمنة القديمة, بعض المعابد الوثنية تستخدم الزناة من الذكور و الاناث كجزء من طقوس عبادتها. . يمكن ان يترجم هذا اللفظ بالكلمة او الجملة التي تستخدم في اللغة المستهدفة و التي تشير الى الزانية. قد تكون لبعض اللغات الفاظ ملطفة تستخدم لهذا اللفظ.

زبديا

زبديا هو رجل صياد من الجليل معروف بسبب ابنيه, يعقوب و يوحنا, الذان كانا من تلاميذ يسوع. و يعرفان عادة في العهد الجديد ب "ابني زبدي". . كان ابنا زبدي صيادين ايضا و عملا معه على صيد الاسماك. . يعقوب و يوحنا تركا عملهما كصيادين مع ابيهما زبدي و ذهبا ليتبعا يسوع.

زبولون

زبولون هو الابن الاخير الذي ولد ليعقوب من ليئة و هو اسم احد عشائر بني اسرائيل الاثنى عشر. . عشيرة بني اسرائيل زبولون اخذت جزء الارض مباشرة شرق بحر الملح. . احيانا الاسم "زبولون" يستخدم ايضا للاشارة الى الارض التي تسكنها هذه العشيرة.

زربابل

زربابل هو اسم لرجلين اسرائيليين من العهد القديم. . احدهما هو حفيد يهوياقيم و صدقيا. . الاخر هو ابن شألتئيل, و هو رئيس عشيرة يهوذا و كان معاصرا لكل من عزرا و نحميا,عندما اطلق سايروس ملك فارس بني اسرائيل من أسرهم في بابل. . زربابل و رئيس الكهنة يشوع كانا من بين الذين ساعدوا في اعادة الهيكل و مذبح الله.

زرع, زارع, غرس

"زرع" يعني ان يضع البذور في الارض بهدف اعطاء نباتات. "الزارع" هو الشخص الذي يزرع بذور النباتات. . تختلف طرق الزرع او الغرس, واحدة منها هو اخذ ملء اليد من البذور و رميها على الارض. . طريقة اخرى لزرع البذور وهي بحفر حفرة في الارض و وضع البذور في كل حفرة. . اللفظ "زرع" يمكن ان يستخدم بطريقة رمزية مثلما ما جاء في, "ما يزرعه الانسان إياه يحصد". و هذا يعني انه اذا فعل الشخص اشياء شريرة, سوف يحصل على نتيجة سلبية. و اذا ما فعل اشياء صالحة للاخرين, سوف يحصل على نتيجة ايجابية.

زكا

زكّا هو جابي ضرائب من اريحا تسلق شجرة لكي يستطيع ان يرى يسوع الذي كان محاطا بجموع كثيرة من الناس. . تغير زكّا تغييرا شاملا عندما آمن بيسوع. . تاب عن خطيئة غش الاخرين و وعد ان يعطي نصف امواله للفقراء. . وعد ايضا انه سوف يعيد للناس الذين اخذ منهم المال اربعة اضعاف ما اخذه منهم عندما كانوا يدفعون ضرائبهم.

زكريا (العهد الجديد)

في العهد الجديد, زكريا هو كاهن يهودي اصبح ابو يوحنا المعمدان. . احب زكريا الله و اطاعه. . لسنوات عديدة زكريا و زوجته اليصابات, صلوا الى الله بلجاجة لكي يعطيهما ابن. و لكن هذا لم يحدث حينها. فيما بعد لما طعنا في السن, استجاب الله صلاتهما و اعطاهما ابن. . تنبأ زكريا ان ابنه يوحنا سيكون النبي الذي يعد الطريق لمجيء المسيا.

زكريا (العهد القديم)

زكريا هو نبي تنبأ خلال فترة حكم الملك داريوس ملك فارس. سفر العهد القديم "زكريا" يحتوي على نبوءاته, التي حث فيها الراجعين من السبي البابلي على اعادة بناء الهيكل. . كان النبي زكريا معاصرا لكل من عزرا, نحميا, زربابل و حجي. و ذكر ايضا من طرف يسوع كآخر الانبياء الذين قتلوا خلال زمن العهد القديم. . رجل اخر يحمل اسم زكريا و هو حارس بيت الرب ايام داود الملك. . واحد من ابناء الملك يهوشافاط اسمه زكريا قتل من طرف اخيه يهورام. . زكريا هو اسم كاهن رجم من طرف شعب اسرائيل عندما وبخهم على عبادة الاوثان. . الملك زكريا هو ابن يربعام و ملك على اسرائيل لمدة ستة اشهر قبل ان يقتل.

زمن

في الكتاب المقدس اللفظ "زمن" عادة ما يستخدم بطريقة رمزية للاشارة الى موسم او فترة معينة من الزمن التي وقعت خلالها احداث معينة. و لها نفس معنى "عصر" او "فترة" او "موسم". . كل من سفر دانيال و سفر الرؤيا كلاهما يتكلمان عن "زمن" الضيقة العظيمة التي سوف تأتي على الارض. . في العبارة "زمن, ازمنة, و منتصف الزمن" و اللفظ "زمن" تعني "سنة". هذه العبارة تشير الى ثلاث سنوات و نصف فترة من الزمن خلال الضيقة العظمى عند نهاية العصر الحاضر. . عبارة مثل "مرة ثانية" او "الكثير من المرات" تشير الى عدد مرات حدوث شيء ما. . ان يكون في "وقته" يعني انه يأتي كما هو متوقع و لا يتأخر. . على حسب السياق, اللفظ "زمن" يمكن ان يترجم ب, "موسم" او "فترة زمنية" او "وقت" او "حدث" او "حادثة". . العبارة "اوقات و ازمنة" هو تعبير رمزي ينص على نفس الفكرة مرتين, قد تترجم ب "تحدث احداث معينة في فترات معينة".

زنا , زناة , زاني , زانية

اللفظ "زنا" يشير الى الخطية التي يرتكبها الشخص المتزوج باقامة علاقة جنسية مع شخص اخر خارج اطار الزواج. المصطلح "زناة" يصف هذا النوع من السلوك او الشخص الذي يرتكب هذه خطيئة.

. المصطلح "زاني" تشير بصفة عامة الى اي شخص يرتكب الزنا. . في بعض الاحيان المصطلح " زانية" يستعمل للاشارة الى امرأة ارتكبت الزنا. . الزنا يكسر العهود التي تعهد بها كل من الزوج و الزوجة كل منهما الى الاخراثناء تعهد الزواج. . الله اوصى بني اسرائيل ان لا يرتكبوا الزنا. . المصطلح "الزانية" كثيرا ما يستعمل بالمعنى المجازي ليصف شعب اسرائيل كونه غير مخلص لله, و خصوصا عندما يعبدون الالهة الكاذبة.

اقترحات الترجمة

. اذا كانت اللغة المترجم اليها لا تشتمل على كلمة واحدة تحمل معنى "الزنا" هذا المصطلح ممكن ان يترجم بعبارة مثل, "اقامة علاقة جنسية مع زوجة شخص اخر". . بعض اللغات ممكن ان يكون لديها طرق غير مباشرة للتكلم على الزنا, مثل "النوم مع شخص خارج اطار الزواج" او " كونه غير مخلص لزوجته".

زيت

الزيت هو سائل سميك صافي يستخرج من بعض النباتات او الفواكه. في ازمنة الكتاب المقدس, الزيت غالبا ما يستخرج من الزيتون. . الزيت يستخدم للطهي, المسح, الذبيحة, الانارة, و التداوي. . في العصور القديمة, كان زيت الزيتون ثمين جدا و حيازته تعتبر معيارا للثروة. . تأكد من ان ترجمة هذا اللفظ تشير الى نوع الزيت الذي يمكن استخدامه للطهي, و ليس زيوت المحركات. بعض اللغات لها كلمات مختلفة لمختلف انواع الزيت.

زيتون

الزيتون هو ثمرة صغيرة بيضاوية تنمو على شجرة الزيتون, و تنمو غالبا في المناطق المحيطة بالبحر الابيض المتوسط. . اشجار الزيتون هي نوع من الاشجار الكبيرة الدائمة الخضرة ذات زهور بيضاء صغيرة. يكون نموها افضل في الطقس الحار و يمكن ان تعيش طويلا بكمية قليلة من الماء. . ثمار اشجار الزيتون خضراء اللون, تتحول الى الاسود عند النضوج. يستخدم الزيتون للاكل و لاستخراج الزيت. . يستخدم زيت الزيتون للطهي, و انارة المصابيح, و المراسم الدينية. . في الكتاب المقدس, اشجار الزيتون و اغصانها تستخدم بطريقة تصويرية للاشارة الى الناس.

ساجد

اللفظ "ساجد" يعني ان يكون حانيا وجهه الى اسفل, واضعا جبهته على الارض. . ان "يسقط ساجدا" او ان "يسجد" لشخص ما او امام شخص ما يعني ان ينحني جدا فجأة الى الاسفل. . غالبا ما تكون وضعية السجود استجابة تبين صدمة, اعجاب, و رعب بسبب حدوث شيء معجزي. و هي ايضا تبين التبجيل و الاحترام لهذا الشخص الذي تم الانحناء له. . السجود هو ايضا طريقة لعبادة الله. يسجد الناس عادة ليسوع بهذه الطريقة كشكر و عبادة عندما يقوم بعمل معجزات او من اجل اكرامه كمعلم عظيم. . على حسب السياق, طرق ترجمة "ساجد" يمكن ان تشمل, "يحني وجهه الى اسفل بإتجاه الارض" او "يعبده بإحناء وجهه امامه" او "انحنى منخفضا الى الارض بإعجاب" او "يعبد". . العبارة, "لا نسجد" يمكن ان تترجم ب, "لا نعبد" او "لا نسجد لكي نعبد"او "لا نسجد و لا نعبد". . يسجد ل" يمكن ان تترجم ب "يعبد" او "ينحني امام".

سار, يسير

اللفظ "سار" عادة ما يستخدم بمعاني مجازية ليقصد به "عاش". . "سار اخنوخ مع الله" هذا يعني ان اخنوخ عاش في علاقة وثيقة مع الله. . "اسلكوا بالروح" يعني ان نكون منقادين بالروح القدس عندها نفعل اشياءا ترضي و تمجد الله. . "اسلكوا" في وصايا الله يعني ان نعيش في طاعة لوصاياه, و هذا ب "طاعة وصاياه" او "عمل ارادته". . عندما قال الله انه "سوف يسير" وسط شعبه, هذا يعني انه يعيش وسطهم او انه يتفاعل معهم عن قرب. . "ان يسير معاكسا ل" يعني ان يعيش بطريقة مضادة لشيء ما او لشخص ما. . ان "يسير خلف" يعني ان يسعى او يتعقب شخصا ما او شيئا ما. و قد تعني ايضا ان يتصرف بنفس الطريقة الني يتصرف بها شخصا اخر.

اقتراحات الترجمة . يكون من الافضل ترجمة "يسير" حرفيا, طالما ان المعنى الصحيح مفهوم. . ما عدا ذلك, الاستخدامات المجازية ل "يسير" قد تترجم ايضا ب "يعيش" او "يفعل" او "يسلك". . العبارة "اسلكوا بالروح" يمكن ان تترجم ب, "عيشوا في طاعة للروح القدس" او "اسلكوا بطريقة ترضي الروح القدس" او "افعلوا اشياءا ترضي الله مثلما يقودكم الروح القدس". . ان "يسلك في وصايا الله" قد تترجم ب, "عيشوا في علاقة وثيقة مع الله بطاعته و تمجيده"

سارة

. سارة هي زوجة ابراهيم. . كان اسمها في الاصل "سراي", لكن الله غيره ليصبح "سارة". . انجبت سارة الابن الذي وعد الله ان يعطيه لها ولابراهيم.

ساعة

بالاضافة الى استخدامه للاشارة الى متى او مدة حدوث شيء ما, اللفظ "ساعة" ايضا له العديد من الاستعمالات المجازية: . احيانا "ساعة" تشير الى جدول زمني منتظم لعمل شيئ ما, مثل "ساعة الصلاة". . عندما يقول النص ان "الساعة قد حانت" ليسوع لكي يتألم و يوضع للموت, هذا يعني ان هذا هو الزمن المحدد الذي قرر الله حدوثه منذ زمن بعيد. . اللفظ "ساعة" يستخدم ايضا ليعني "في هذا الوقت" او "منذ الان". . عندما يتكلم النص عن "ساعة" متأخرة, هذا يعني انه في وقت متأخر من اليوم, عندما تقارب الشمس عن الغروب.

اقتراحات الترجمة

. عندما تستخدم مجازيا, اللفظ "ساعة" ممكن ان يترجم ب "زمن" او "لحظة" او "الوقت المحدد". . العبارة, "في تلك الساعة" او "في نفس الساعة" ممكن ان تترجم ب, "في هذه اللحظة" او " في هذا الوقت" او "في الحال" او "حينئذ". . التعبير "و كانت الساعة متأخرة" ممكن ان يترجم ب, "كان الوقت متأخرا في هذا اليوم" او "كان قد اقترب الليل" او "كان متأخرا في المساء".

ساقي الخمر

في زمن العهد القديم, " الساقي" هو خادم الملك الذي اوكلت له مهمة اعطاء او جلب كأس الخمر الخاص بالملك, عادة ما يجرب الخمر هو اولا ليتأكد من انها غير مسمومة. . المعنى الحرفي لهذا اللفظ هو "جالب الكأس" او "الشخص الذي يحضر الكأس". . يعرف ساقي الخمر بكونه مخلصا و وفي لملكه. . بسبب مكانته التي تمتاز بالثقة, ساقي الخمر يمكن ان يكون له تأثير على القرارات التي يتخذها الحاكم. . كان نحميا ساقي خمر الملك ارتحشستا ملك الفرس خلال الفترة التي أُخذ فيها بعض بني اسرائيل الى السبي في بابل.

سام

سام هو احد ابناء نوح الثلاثة الذين دخلوا معه الفلك زمن حدوث الطوفان المذكور في سفر التكوين. . من سام انحدر ابراهيم و كل ذريته. . يعرف نسل سام ب "بنو سام" و يتكلمون اللغات "السامية" مثل العربية و العبرية. . يسجل الكتاب المقدس ان مدة حياة سام قاربت 600 سنة.

سامرة, سامري

السامرة هو اسم المدينة التي تحيط بالجزء الشمالي من اسرائيل. تقع هذه المنطقة بين سهول شارون شرقا و نهر الاردن غربا. . في العهد القديم, كانت السامرة هي عاصمة المملكة الشمالية اسرائيل. فيما بعد اصبحت المناطق المحيطة ايضا تدعى السامرة. .عندما غزا الاشوريون مملكة اسرائيل في الشمال, استولوا على السامرة و اجبروا اغلب سكان المنطقة على الرحيل و اخذوهم بعيدا الى عدة مدن اشورية. . جلب الاشوريون الكثير من الاجانب الى منطقة السامرة لتعويض بني اسرائيل الذين تم ترحيلهم. . بعض بني اسرائيل الذين بقوا في هذه المنطقة تزوجوا من الاجانب الذين تم جلبهم هناك, و دعي المنحدرون منهم بالسامريين. . يبغض اليهود اهل السامرة لانهم ليسوا من اصل يهودي و لان آباءهم عبدوا الالهة الوثنية. . في زمن العهد الجديد, كانت منطقة السامرة محاذية لمنطقة الجليل شمالا و منطقة يهوذا جنوبا.

سايروس

سايروس هو الملك الفارسي الذي أسس الامبراطورية الفارسية حوالي 550 ق م, خلال الغزو العسكري. في التاريخ يُعرف كذلك بإسم سايروس العظيم. . الملك سايروس غزا مدينة بابل, الامر الذي ادى الى اطلاق سراح اليهود الذين اخذوا للسبي هناك. . سايروس معروف بموقفه المتسامح اتجاه شعوب الامم التي غزاها. وأدى لطفه نحو اليهود الى إعادة بناء هيكل اورشليم بعد السبي. . حكم سايروس في الفترة التي عاش فيها دانيال, عزرا, و نحميا

سبأ

في العصور الغابرة, سبأ هي حضارة قديمة او منطقة تقع في مكان ما جنوب المنطقة العربية. . منطقة او بلاد سبأ من المرجح انها كانت تقع قرب ما يسمى حاليا دولة اليمن او أثيوبيا. . قد يكون سكانها منحدرون من حام. . ملكة سبأ جاءت لزيارة الملك سليمان عندما سمعت عن شهرة غناه و حكمته. . هناك ايضا العديد من الرجال يحملون اسم "سبأ" ذكروا في سلاسل الانساب في العهد القديم. من المحتمل ان يكون اسم منطقة سبأ جاء نسبة لاحدهم. . مدينة بئر سبع هو اختصار لكلمة سبأ ذكر مرة واحدة في العهد القديم.

سبت

اللفظ "سبت" يشير الى اليوم السابع من الاسبوع, و قد امر الله بني اسرائيل لتخصيصه كيوم للراحة لا يقومون فيه بأي عمل. . بعدما اكمل الله خلق العالم في اليوم السادس, استراح في اليوم السابع. بنفس الطريقة, امر الله بني اسرائيل ان يعتبروا اليوم السابع يوما خاصا للراحة و العبادة. . الوصية "اذكر يوم السبت لتقدسه" هي واحدة من الوصايا العشرة التي كتبها الله على لوحي الشريعة التي اعطاها موسى لبني اسرائيل. . بإتباع النظام اليهودي لحساب الايام, يبدأ السبت من غروب يوم الجمعة و ينتهي عند غروب يوم السبت. . في بعض الاحيان يسمى السبت في الكتاب المقدس ب "يوم السبت" بدلا من سبت.

اقتراحات الترجمة . قد يترجم هذا ايضا ب "يوم الراحة" او "يوم للراحة" او "يوم عدم العمل" او "يوم الله للراحة". . بعض الترجمات التي تستخدم الحرف اللاتيني تكتب هذا اللفظ بالحرف الكبير لاظهار انه يوم خاص. . الاخذ بعين الاعتبار كيف تمت ترجمة هذا اللفظ في اللغة الوطنية او المحلية.

سبَى, السَبْي

اللفظ "سبى" يشير الى اجبار اناس على العيش في مكان ما بعيدا عن بلدهم الاصلي. . يرسل الناس عادة الى السبي من اجل العقاب او لاسباب سياسية. . الشعب المهزوم ممكن ان يؤخذ الى السبي الى بلد الجيش المنتصر, من اجل ان يعملوا لديهم. . ال "سبي البابلي" ( او "السبي") هو فترة في تاريخ الكتاب المقدس عندما الكثير من المواطنين الساكنين في منطقة يهوذا أُخذوا من ديارهم و أُجبرواعلى العيش في بابل. و دامت هذه الفترة 70 سنة. . العبارة "المسبيين"تشير الى الاشخاص الذين عاشوا في السبي, بعيدا عن بلادهم الاصلية.

اقتراحات الترجمة

. اللفظ "الى السبي" ممكن ان تترجم ب, "ان يرسل بعيدا" او "خرج بالقوة" او "ابعاد". . اللفظ "السبي" ممكن ان يترجم بكلمة او عبارة يكون معناها, "زمن الارسال بعيدا" او "زمن الابعاد" او "زمن الغياب القسري" او "الابعاد". . طرق لترجمة "المسبيين"ممكن ان تشمل, "الاشخاص الذين تم سبيهم" او "الاشخاص الذين تم ابعادهم" او "الاشخاص الذي تم سبيهم الى بابل".

ستار

في الكتاب المقدس, اللفظ "ستار" يشير الى قطعة سميكة جدا و ثقيلة من مواد تستخدم لعمل الخيمة و الهيكل. . تم بناء الخيمة بإستخدام اربعة طبقات من الستائر للاعلى و الجانبين. و قد تم صنع غطاء الستارة هذه من القماش او من جلود الحيوانات. . تستخدم ايضا اقمشة الستائر على شكل جدار يحيط بفناء الخيمة. هذه الستائر مصنوعة من "الكتان" الذي هو نوع من القماش المستخرج من نبات الكتان. . في كل من بناء الخيمة و الهيكل, ستار من القماش السميك يفصل بين القدس و قدس الاقداس. و كان هذا هو الستار الذي تمزق بطريقة معجزية الى جزئين عندما مات يسوع.

اقتراحات الترجمة . في وقتنا الحالي الستائر تختلف كليا عن الستائر المستخدمة في الكتاب المقدس, و يكون من الاوضح استعمال كلمة مختلفة او اضافة كلمات لوصف الستائر. . على حسب السياق, طرق ترجمة هذا اللفظ ممكن ان تشمل, "ستار يغطي" او "غطاء" او "قطعة من القماش السميك" او "قطعة القماش المعلقة".

سترة

في الكتاب المقدس, اللفظ "سترة" يشير الى لباس يلبس مباشره على البشرة, تحت ملابس اخرى. . السترة تمتد من الكتفين الى الخصر او الركبتين و عادة ما يتم ارتداءها مع حزام. تلبس السترة من طرف الاثرياء في بعض الاحيان تكون بأكمام و تصل الى الكاحلين. . تصنع السترات من الجلد, نسيج من وبر الجمال و غيره, الصوف, الكتان, و تلبس من طرف كل من الرجال و النساء. . تلبس السترة عادة تحت ملابس طويلة, مثل الرداء او ملابس اخرى. اثناء الطقس الدافيء تلبس السترة احيانا لوحدها دون استخدام ملابس اخرى. . يمكن ترجمة هذا اللفظ ب "قميص طويل" او "ملابس داخلية طويلة" او "قميص يشبه اللباس". و يمكن ان يكتب بنفس الطريقة "سترة", مع ملاحظة تشرح اي نوع من اللباس هو.

سجن, سجين

اللفظ "سجن" يشير الى المكان الذي يوضع فيه المجرمون كعقاب لهم على جرائمهم. "السجين" هو الشخص الذي تم وضعه في السجن. . يوضع الشخص في السجن في انتظار محاكمته. . اللفظ "سجيل" يعني "يوضع في السجن" او "يتم ابقاءه في الاسر". . الكثير من الانبياء و خدّام الرب الاخرين وضعوا في السجن رغم انهم لم يرتكبوا اي شيء خاطيء.

اقتراحات الترجمة . كلمة اخرى ل "سجن" هي "حبس". . قد يترجم هذا اللفظ ايضا ب, "زنزانة" و هذا في سياق ان يكون السجن تحت الارض او تحت الجزء الرئيسي من القصر او اي بناية اخرى. . اللفظ "سجين" قد يشير ايضا بصفة عامة الى الناس الذين تم القبض عليهم من طرف الاعداء و ابقاءهم في مكان ما رغما عنهم. طريقة اخرى لترجمة هذا اللفظ يحمل معنى ان يتم "اسره". . طرق اخرى لترجمة "سجين" قد تشمل, "ابقاءه في السجن" او "ابقاءه في الاسر" او "احتجاز اسير".

سحر, ساحر

اللفظ "سحر" يشير الى ممارسة استخدام قوة فوق طبيعية غير صادرة من الله. ال "ساحر" هو الشخص الذي يمارس السحر. . في مصر, عندما عمل الله اشياء معجزية من خلال موسى, سحرة فرعون المصريين كانوا قادرين على فعل بعض الاشياء, و لكن قوتهم لم تكن من عند الله. . السحر ينطوي على نوبات الصب او على تكرار كلمات خاصة بهدف حصول شيء فوق طبيعي. . امر الله شعبه ان لا يقوموا ابدا بأي من هذه الممارسات الخاصة بالسحر او بالعرافة. . المشعوذ هو نوع من السحرة, عادة هو الشخص الذي يستخدم السحر لالحاق الاذى بالاخرين.

سخر, سخرية, يسخرون, مستهزيء

الالفاظ "سخر", "سخرية" و "يسخرون من" كلها تشير الى التهكم على شخص ما, و بطريقة سيئة. . السخرية عادة تشمل تقليد كلمات الاخرين او افعالهم بقصد احراجهم او اظهار الاحتقار لهم. . سخر الجنود الرومان او استهزؤوا من يسوع عندما وضعوا عليه رداءا و تظاهروا بإكرامه كملك. . مجموعة من الشباب سخروا او استهزؤوا بأليشع عندما دعوه بالاسم, وضحكوا من رأسه الاصلع. . اللفظ "يسخر من" قد يشير الى الاستهزاء بفكرة تعتبر غير قابلة للتصديق و غير مهمة. . "المستهزيء" هو الشخص الذي يسخر و يهزئ بإستمرار.

سخط

السخط هو الغضب الشديد الذي لا يمكن السيطرة عليه. عندما يسخط شخص ما, هذا يعني انه يعبر عن غضبه بطريقة مدمرة. . يحدث السخط عندما تسبب مشاعر الغضب للشخص بفقدان السيطرة على نفسه. . عندما يسيطر السخط, يفعل الناس او يقولون اشياء مدمرة. . اللفظ "السخط" يمكن ان يشير ايضا الى حركات قوية, مثل "هيجان"العاصفة او امواج المحيط التي "تشتد". . "سخط الامم" يشير الى الشعوب الغير صالحة التي لا تطيع الله و تتمرد عليه. . ان يكون "مملوءا بالسخط" يعني ان يكون لديه احساس عارم بالغضب الشديد.

سدوم

سدوم هي مدينة تقع في الجزء الجنوبي من كنعان اين سكن لزط ابن اخ ابراهيم عو و زوجته و اولاده. . منطقة الارض المحيطة بسدوم هي ارض خصبة و كثيرة المياه, و لهذا اختار لوط السكن فيها عنذما استقر اول الامر في كنعان. . لا يعرف موقعها بالتحديد لان سدوم و المدينة القريبة منها عمورة تم تدميرهما من طرف الرب كعقاب على الامور الشريرة التي كان يفعلها الناس هناك. . اكثر خطية شائعة كان يفعلها سكان سدوم و عمورة هي المثلية الجنسية.

سر, حقيقة مخفية

في الكتاب المقدس, كلمة "سر" تشير الى شيء غير معروف او صعب الفهم الذي يكون الله بصدد شرحه. . في حالة العهد الجديد و التي كانت فيها البشارة بالمسيح سرا لم يكن معروفا في الازمنة السابقة. . واحدة من النقاط المهمة التي تصف سرا هي ان الامم اصبحوا متساوون مع اليهود في المسيح. . قد يترجم هذا اللفظ ايضا ب, "مكتوم" او "اشياء مخفية" او "شيء غير معروف".

سفير, ممثل...

السفير هو الشخص الذي يتم اختياره بطريقة رسمية لتمثيل بلاده امام الدول الاجنبية. و كذلك تستعمل للمعنى الرمزي و في بعض الاحيان تترجم باكثر عمومية ب "وكيل." . السفير او الوكيل يعطي رسائل للشعب من طرف الشخص او الحاكم الذي ارسله. . اللفظ الاكثر عمومية "وكيل" تشير الى شخص ما الذي اعطيت له سلطة ان يفعل و يتكلم مكان الشخص الذي يمثله. . الرسول بولس يُعلم ان المسيحيين هم "سفراء" او " وكلاء" عندما يقدمون المسيح لهذا العالم و بعلمون الاخرين رسالته. . على حسب السياق, هذا اللفظ ممكن ان يترجم ب, " الممثل الرسمي" او " .مرسل من طرف" او " الوكيل المختار" او "الوكيل المعين من الله". . " وفد من السفراء" ممكن ان تترجم ب "بعض الرسل الرسميون" او " مجموعة من الموكلين المرسلين" او "الحزب الرسمي من الشعب الذي يتكلم الى كل الشعب".

سكوث

سكوث هو اسم مدينتين من العهد القديم. الكلمة, "سكوث" تعني " الملاجيء". . اول مدينة سميت سكوت كانت تقع في الجهة الشرقية من نهر الاردن. . استقر يعقوب في سكوت مع عائلته و مواشيه, و بنوا ملاجيء لهم هناك. . بعد مئات السنين, توقف جدعون و رجاله المرهقين في سكوت عندما كانوا يطاردون المديانيين, و لكن الناس هناك رفضوا اعطاءهم اي طعام. . سكوت الاخرى كانت تقع في الحدود الشمالية لمصر و كانت اول الاماكن التي توقف فيها بنو اسرائيل بعد ان عبروا البحر الاحمر عندما هربوا من العبودية في مصر.

سلام, مسالم

اللفظ "سلام" يشير الى حالة الوجود او الشعور بغياب الصراع, او القلق, او الخوف. الشخص المسالم يشعر بالهدوء و الثقة بأنه في امان. . "سلام" قد يشير ايضا الى الفترة التي لا تكون فيها الدول او الشعوب في حالة حرب مع الاخرين. يقال عن هذه الشعوب ان لها "علاقات سلمية". . ان يكون "في سلام" مع شخص ما او مجموعة ما يعني اتخاذ الاجراءات لوقف القتال. . "صانع السلام" هو شخص يفعل و يقول اشياء لكي يؤثر على الاخرين لكي يعيشوا في سلام مع بعضهم البعض. . العلاقة الجيدة والصحيحة بين الله و شعبه تحدث عندما يخلص الله الناس من خطاياهم. و هذا يدعى "السلام مع الله". . تحية "النعمة و السلام" استخدمت من طرف الرسل في رسائلهم للمؤمنين كبركة. . اللفظ "سلام" قد يشير ايضا الى ان يكون في علاقة جيدة مع الاخرين و مع الله.

سلاه

اللفظ "سلاه" هو كلمة عبرية ذكرت بكثرة في سفر المزامير. و لديها العديد من المعاني الممكنة. . قد تعني "وقفة وتسبيح", التي تدعو المستمع الى التأمل بخصوص ما قيل في هذه الاثناء. . و لان الكثير من المزامير كتبت كترانيم, يعتقد ان "سلاه" قد تكون لفظا موسيقيا يوجه المرنم للتوقف عن الغناء عند هذه العلامة و يترك الالة الموسيقية تعزف منفردة ليشجع المستمعين على التأمل في كلمات الترنيمة.

سلة

اللفظ "سلة" يشير الى وعاء مصنوع من مواد منسوجة. . في زمن الكتاب المقدس, من المحتمل ان تكون السلال منسوجة من النباتات القوية, مثل الخشب المأخوذ من تقشير الاشجار او الاغصان. . السلة ممكن ان تكون مطلية بمادة مضادة للماء حتى تستطيع ان تطفو. . عندما كان موسى طفل صغير, صنعت امه سلة مقاومة للماء و وضعته داخلها و دعه يطفو وسط القصب في مياه نهر النيل. . الكلمة المترجمة ب "سلة" في هذه القصة هي نفس الكلمة المترجمة ب "السفط" اشارة الى الثابوت الذي صنعه موسى. المعنى المشترك لاستخدامهما قد يكون في هذين السياقين, "وعاء عائم".

سلطان

اللفظ "سلطان" يشير الى القوة, السيطرة, او السلطة الممارسة على الناس, الحيوانات , او الاراضي. . قال يسوع المسيح ان له سلطان على كل الارض, كنبي, كاهن, و ملك. . سلطان الشيطان هُزم الى الابد من خلال موت يسوع المسيح على الصليب. . في بداية الخليقة قال الله ان الانسان له السلطان على الاسماك, الطيور, وكل المخلوقات التي على الارض.

اقتراحات الترجمة
. على حسب السياق, طرق اخرى لترجمة هذا اللفظ ممكن ان تتضمن "سلطة" او "قوة" او "سيطرة". . العبارة "له سلطان على" ممكن ان تترجم ب, "يملك على" او "تدبير".

سلطة

اللفظ "سلطة" يشير الى القوة و التأثير و السيطرة التي يقوم بها شخص ما اتجاه شخص آخر. . الملوك و الحكام لديهم السلطة على الشعب الذي يحكمونه. . الكلمة "سلطات" تشير الى شعوب, حكومات, او منظمات لها السلطة على الاخرين. . السادة لديهم سلطة على خدمهم او عبيدهم. الاباء لديهم السلطة على اولادهم. . الحكومات لديها السلطة او الحق في تطبيق القانون الذي يحكم مواطنيها. اقتراحات الترجمة . اللفظ "سلطة" ممكن ان يترجم كذلك ب "سيطرة" او "حق" او "قدرة". . في بعض الاحيان " سلطة" تستعمل بالمعنى "قوة". . اذا كانت "السلطة" تستعمل للاشارة الى الشعب او المنظمات التي تحكم الشعب, ممكن ان تترجم ب "قادة" او " حكام" او "القوى". . العبارة " من خلال سلطته" ممكن ان تترجم كذلك ب, "حقه في القيادة" او " استنادا الى قدره". . التعبير "تحت سلطة" ممكن ان يترجم ب, "مسؤول عن اطاعة" او "عليه ان يطيع اوامر الاخرين".

سلف, اب, جد

عندما تستخدم حرفيا, اللفظ "اب" يشير الى شخص الوالد الذكر. و يوجد ايضا العديد من الاستخدامات المجازية لهذا اللفظ. . اللفظ "اب" و "جد" يستخدمان عادة للاشارة الى سلف شخص معين او مجموعة من الناس. هذا ممكن ان يرتجم ايضا ب, "سلف" او "والد السلف". . التعبير "الاب ل" ممكن ان يشير مجازيا الى الشخص الذي يقود مجموعة من الناس المترابطين بمصدر شيء ما. على سبيل المثال, في تكوين4, "ااب لكل من يعيش في الخيام" ممكن ان يعني, "القائد الاول للعشيرة التي كانت اول من سكن الخيام". . الرسول بولس يسمي نفسه مجازيا "اب" للذين ساعدهم ليكونوا مسيحيين من خلال مشاركة الاخبار السارة معهم.

اقتراحات الترجمة

. عندما نتكلم عن الاب و ابنه حرفيا, هذا اللفظ ممكن ان يترجم باستخدام اللفظ الذي عادة ما يشير الى الاب في هذه اللغة. . "الله الاب" يجب ان تترجم بإستخدام اللفظ المعتاد, و الشائع لكلمة "اب". . عندما يتم الاشارة الى الاجداد, هذا اللفظ ممكن ان يترجم ب "سلف" او "والد السلف". عندما اشار بولس الى نفسه مجازيا كأب للمؤمنين بالمسيح, هذا ممكن ان يترجم ب "اب روحي"او "اب في المسيح". . العبارة "ابو الكذّابين" ممكن ان تترجم ب, "مصدر كل كذب" او "الذي يأتي منه كل الكذابين".

سليمان

سليمان هو واحد من ابناء داود الملك. امه بثشيبع. . عندما اصبح سليمان ملكا, قال له الله ان يطلب اي شيء يريده. طلب سليمان الحكمة ليحكم الشعب بالعدل. سر الله بطلب سليمان و اعطاه ايضا كل من الحكمة و الغنى. . يعرف سليمان اكثر بأنه بنى هيكل رائعا في اورشليم. . بالرغم من ان سليمان ملك بحكمة في السنوات الاولى من ملكه, الا انه اخطأ في النهاية بزواجه من نساء اجنبيات و عبد آلهتهن. . بسبب عدم امانة سليمان, قسم الله اسرائيل الى مملكتين بعد موته: هما اسرائيل و يهوذا. و كانت هاتين المملكتين في عداء دائم مع بعضهما.

سلّم, تسليم

اللفظ "تسليم" غالبا ما يعني وضع نفسه طوعا تحت سلطة شخص او حاكم. . يحث الكتاب المقدس المؤمنين بيسوع ان يستسلموا لله و للسلطات الاخرى في حياتهم. . الوصية "كونوا في تسليم لبعضكم بعضا" يقصد بها قبول التقويم بتواضع و التركيز على احتياجات الاخرين بدلا من احتياجاتنا الشخصية. . "عش في تسليم ل" يقصد بها وضع النفس تحت سلطة شيء او شخص.

اقتراحات الترجمة . اللفظ "سلّم" يمكن ان يترجم ب, "ضع تحت سلطة" او "اتبع قيادة " او "اكرم بتواضع و احترم". . اللفظ "تسليم"يمكن ان يترجم ب, "طاعة" او "اتباع سلطة". . العبارة "عش في تسليم ل" يمكن ان تترجم ب, "كن في طاعة ل" او "ضع نفسك تحت سلطة". . العبارة, "كن في تسليم" يمكن ان تترجم ب, "اقبل السلطة بتواضع".

سمعان

في الكتاب المقدس, هناك العديد من الرجال يحملون اسم سمعان. . في العهد القديم, الابن الثاني ليعقوب (اسرائيل) و ليئة كان اسمه شمعون. اصبح نسله واحد من عشائر بني اسرائيل الاثنى عشر. . سكنت عشيرة شمعون اغلب الجزء الجنوبي من ارض الموعد في كنعان, و جزء من نصيب يهوذا. . عندما احضر يوسف و مريم الطفل يسوع الى الهيكل في اورشليم لكي يقدماه الى الرب, رجل شيخ اسمه سمعان سبّح الله لانه جعله يعيش الى ان رأى المسيح.

سمعان الغيور

سمعان الغيور كان واحدا من تلاميذ المسيح الاثنى عشر. . ذكر سمعان ثلاث مرات في قائمة تلاميذ يسوع, لكن لا يعرف عنه الا القليل. . سمعان هو احد الاحدى عشر الذين اجتمعوا للصلاة مع بعض في اورشليم عندما حل الروح القدس عليهم من السماء. . اللفظ "غيور" قد يعني ان سمعان هو احد اعضاء "الغيورين" الذي كان حزبا يهوديا من الغيورين المعروفون بتشددهم في حفظ و تطبيق شريعة موسى و بعداءهم الشديد للحكومة الرومانية. . او, قد تحمل "غيور" معنى بسيط, "الغيور", تشير الى الحماس الديني لسمعان.

سنحاريب

كان سنحاريب ملكا قويا من ملوك آشور جعل من نينوى مدينة مزدهرة و مهمة. . عرف الملك سنحاريب بحروبه ضد بابل و مملكة يهوذا. . كان ملكا متكبرا جدا وسخر من الرب. . هاجم سنحاريب اورشليم خلال فترة حكم الملك حزقيا. . دمر الرب جيش سنحاريب. .اسفار العهد القديم ملوك الاول و الثاني و اخبار الايام الاول والثاني تسجل بعض الاحداث عن مملكة سنحاريب.

سوريا

سوريا هي بلاد تقع شمال اسرائيل. في عصر العهد الجديد, و كانت مقاطعة تحت حكم الامبراطورية الرومانية. . في زمن العهد القديم, كانت سوريا تمتلك جيشا قويا معاديا للاسرائيليين. . كان نعمان قائدا في الجيش السوري وقد شفي من البرص على يد النبي أليشع. . الكثير من سكان سوريا هم من نسل آرام, المنحدرين من سام ابن نوح. . دمشق, هي عاصمة سوريا, ذكرت مرات كثيرة في الكتاب المقدس. . ذهب شاول الى دمشق حاملا تصريحا بإضطهاد المسيحيين هناك, و لكن يسوع اوقفه.

سيسيليا

سيسيليا هي مقاطعة رومانية صغيرة تقع في الجزء الشمالي لتركيا الحالية. و محاطة بالبحر ايجه. . الرسول بولس مواطن من مدينة طرسوس في سيسيليا. . قضى بولس العديد من السنوات في سيسيليا بعد ظهور الرب يسوع له في الطريق الى دمشق. . بعض اليهود من سيسيليا كانوا من الذين تجادلوا مع استيفانوس و أثروا على الشعب لرجمه باحجارة حتى الموت.

سيف

السيف هو سلاح معدني ذو شفرة حادة يستخدم للقطع او للطعن. و لديه ذراع و شفرة طويلة حادة جدا. . كانت شفرة السيف الموجودة في العصور القديمة تقارب 60 الى 91 سنتيمتر طولا. . بعض السيوف لها شفرتان و تسمى "سيف ذو حدين" او "ذات حدين". . خبـأ تلاميذ المسيح سيوفا لاستخدامها للدفاع عن انفسهم. قطع بطرس بسيفه اذن خادم رئيس الكهنة. . كل من يوحنا المعمدان و يعقوب قتلا بحد السيف.

اقتراحات الترجمة . يستخدم السيف كاستعارة لكلمة الله. تعاليم الله في الكتاب المقدس تكشف افكار الانسان الباطنة و تحكم على خطاياه. بنفس الطريقة, السيف الذي يقطع بعمق و يسبب الالم.

سيلا, سلوانس

سيلا هو قائد من بين المؤمننين في اورشليم. . عين شيوخ الكنيسة في اورشليم سيلا لكي يذهب مع بولس و برنابا ليأخذوا رسالة الى مدينة انطاكية. . سافر سيلا فيما بعد مع بولس الى عدة مدن ليعلموا المؤمنين بخصوص كلمة الله. . وُضع بولس و سيلا في السجن في مدينة فيليبي. و بينما هم هناك كانوا يسبحون الله و يرنمون له, ففك الله قيودهم. آمن السجّان بالمسيح نتيجة لهذه الشهادة.

سيناء, جبل سيناء

جبل سيناء هو اسم الجبل الذي من المحتمل انه يقع في الجزء الجنوبي لما يعرف حاليا بشبه جزيرة سيناء. و تعرف ايضا ب "جبل حوريب". . جبل سيناء هو جزء من صحراء صخرية واسعة. . جاء الاسرائيليون الى جبل سيناء عندما كانوا مرتحلين من ارض مصر الى ارض كنعان. . اعطى الله لموسى الوصايا العشر في جبل سيناء.

شارون, سهل شارون

شارون هو اسم منطقة سهل خصبة تمتد على طول البحر الابيض المتوسط, جنوب جبل الكرمل. و تعرف ايضا ب "سهل شارون". . العديد من المدن التي ذكرت في الكتاب المقدس تقع في سهل شارون, تشمل يافا, لدة, و قيصرية. . قد يتم ترجمة هذا ب "السهل المسمى شارون" او "سهل شارون". . الساكنون في منطقة شارون يدعون ب "شارونيين".

شاهد, شاهد عيان

اللفظ "شاهد" يشير الى الشخص الذي اختبر شخصيا حدوث شيء ما. عادة ما يكون الشاهد هو الشخص الذي يشهد بخصوص حقائق يعرفها. اللفظ "شاهد عيان" يؤكد ان هذا الشخص كان حقا هناك و رأى ما حدث. . ان "يشهد" شيئا ما يعنى انه رآه يحدث. . في المحكمة, الشاهد "يقدم شهادة" او "يتحمل شهادة" لها نفس معنى "يشهد". . ينتظر من الشهود ان يقولوا الحقيقة بخصوص ما سمعوا و ما رأوا. . الشاهد الذي لا يقول الحقيقة بخصوص ما حدث يسمى "شاهد زور". يقال عنه انه "قدم شهادة زور" او "تحمل شهادة زور". . التعبير, "كن شاهدا بين" يعني ان شيئا ما او شخصا ما سوف يكون دليلا على ان عقد قد تم فعلا. يتأكد الشاهد من ان كل طرف قام بما وعد به.

اقتراحات الترجمة . اللفظ "شاهد" او "شاهد عيان" يمكن ان تترجم بكلمة او عبارة يكون معناها, "الشخص الذي رآه" او "الشخص الذي رأى ما حدث" او "هؤلاء الذين رأوا و سمعوا".

شاهد زور, شاهد كاذب, شهادة زور, تقرير كاذب

اللفظين "شاهد زور" و "شاهد كاذب" يشيران الى الشخص الذي يقول اشياء غير صحيحة بخصوص شخص اخر او حدث معين, و هو عادة وضع رسمي مثل المحكمة. . "شهادة الزور" او "التقرير الكاذب" هو الكذب الفعلي الذي قيل. . ان "يتحمل شهادة الزور" يعني ان يكذب او ان يقدم تقريرا كاذبا بخصوص شيء ما. . يقدم الكتاب المقدس العديد من الوقائع التي سُمعت فيها شهادات زور للكذب بخصوص شخص ما بهدف ان يُعاقب هذا الشخص او يُقتل.

اقتراحات الترجمة

. ان "يتحمل شهادة الزور" او "يقدم شهادة زور" ممكن ان تترجم ب, "شهد بالكذب" او "يقدم تقرير كاذب عن شخص ما" او "يتكلم بالكذب ضد شخص ما" او "يكذب". . عندما يشير اللفظ "شاهد الزور" الى شخص, ممكن ان يترجم ب "الشخص الذي يكذب" او "الذي يشهد كذبا" او "الشخص الذي يقول اشياء غير صحيحة".

شاول (العهد القديم)

شاول هو رجل من بني اسرائيل اختاره الله ليكون اول ملك على اسرائيل. . كان شاول طويلا و وسيما, و جنديا قويا. انه الرجل الذي اراده بني اسرائيل ان يكون ملكا عليهم. . بالرغم من انه خدم الله في البداية, الا انه اصبح فيما بعد متكبرا و غير طائع لله. و كنتيجة لذلك, مسح الله داود ليأخذ مكان شاول في الملك و سمح بمقتل شاول في احد المعارك. . في العهد الجديد, رجل يهودي اسمه شاول و يعرف ايضا بإسم بولس الذي اصبح رسولا ليسوع المسيح.

شتت, شتات

اللفظ "شتت" و "شتات" هو انتشار الناس او الاشياء في عدة اتجاهات مختلفة. . في العهد القديم, تلكم الله عن "تشتيت" الشعب, مما يتسبب لهم في الافتراق و العيش بعيدا عن بعضهم البعض في اماكن مختلفة. فعل هذا لكي يعاقبهم على خطاياهم. فمن الممكن ان يساعدهم التشتت عبر العالم على التوبة و الرجوع الى عبادة الله مرة اخرى. . استخدم اللفظ "شتات في العهد الجديد ليشير الى المسيحيين الذين تركوا منازلهم و ذهبوا الى بقاع مختلفة هروبا من الاضطهادات. . العبارة "الشتات" ممكن ان تترجم ب "مؤمنون في اماكن مختلفة كثيرة" او "الشعب الذي انتقل ليعيش في بلدان اخرى". . اللفظ "شتت" ممكن ان يترجم ب, "ارسل بعيدا الى العديد من الاماكن المختلفة" او "مبعثر خارج البلاد"تسبب في الانتقال بعيدا للعيش في بلدان مختلفة".

شجاعة, شجاع

اللفظ "شجاعة" يشير الى مواجهة او فعل اشياء صعبة, مخيفة, او خطيرة. . اللفظ, "شجاع" يصف شخص يُظهر الشجاعة, و يفعل الصواب حتى وان كان يشعر بالخوف او الضغط للتخلي عن ذلك. . الشخص الذي يظهر شجاعة عندما يواجه ألم عاطفي أو جسدي بقوة و مثابرة. . التعبير "تحلى بالشجاعة" يعني, "لا تكن خائفا" او "كن واثقا من ان الامور ستكون جيدة". . عندما كان يشوع يحضر للذهاب الى الارض الخطيرة كنعان, شجعه موسى ان يكون "قوي و شجاع". . اللفظ "شجاع" ممكن ان يترجم ب "باسل" او "لا يخاف" او "مقدام". . على حسب السياق, ال "تحلي بالشجاعة" ممكن ان يترجم ايضا ب, "كن قوي المشاعر" او "كن واثقا" او "ابق متمسكا". . ان "يتكلم بشجاعة" ممكن ان تترجم ب, "تكلم بجرأة" او "تكلم بدون خوف" او "تكلم بثقة". .

شجر السرو

اللفظ "شجر السرو" يشير الى نوع من شجر التنوب الذي كان ينمو بكثرة في المنطقة التي عاش فيها الشعب في زمن الكتاب المقدس, و خصوصا الدول التي على ساحل البحر الابيض المتوسط. . قبرص و لبنان هما مكانين مذكورين على وجه الخصوص في الكتاب المقدس اللذان يحتويان على الكثير من شجر السرو. . الخشب الذي استخدمه نوح لبناء الفلك من المحتمل ان يكون خشب السرو. . لان خشب الارز قوي و يدوم طويلا, اُستخدم من طرف الشعوب القديمة لبناء السفن و تجهيزات اخرى.

شر,شرير, شر

اللفظان "شر" و "شرير" كلاهما يشيران الى اي شيء يكون ضد ارادة الله و قداسته. . في حين "شر" ممكن ان تصف شخصية ما, "شرير" ممكن ان تشير الى اكثر من سلوك الشخص. و مع ذلك, كلا اللفظين متشابهان في المعنى. . اللفظ "شر" تشير الى الحالة السائدة عندما يقوم الناس باشياء شريرة. . نتائج الشر تظهر بوضوح عندما يعامل الناس بعضهم بالقتل, السرقة, الافتراء, القسوة, عدم اللطف.

اقتراحات الترجمة

. على حسب السياق, اللفظ "شر" و "شرير" ممكن ان تترجم ب "سيء" او "مذنب" او "غير اخلاقي". . طرق اخرى لترجمة هذه الالفاظ ممكن ان تشمل, "ليس جيد" او "ليس حق" او "ليس اخلاقي". . تأكد من ان الكلمات او العبارات المستخدمة لترجمة هذه الالفاظ تتماشى مع السياق الطبيعي في اللغة المستهدفة.

شرعي, قانوني, غير شرعي

اللفظ "شرعي" يشير الى شيء مسموح ان يفعل بالنظر للقانون او اي شرائع اخرى. عكسها هو "غير شرعي" التي تعني ببساطة "غير قانوني". . في الكتاب المقدس, عندما يقال عن شيء انه "شرعي" هذا يعني انه يسمح به بحسب شريعة الله, او بحسب شريعة موسى و الشرائع اليهودية الاخرى. الشيء الذي يعتبر "غير شرعي" هو الذي لا يسمح به من طرف هذه الشرائع. . ان يعمل شيء "شرعي" يعني ان يفعله "كما يليق" او "بطريقة صحيحة". . العديد من الاشياء التي يعتبرها اليهود شرعية او غير شرعية و هي غير مصادق عنها من طرف شريعة الله في ما يخص محبة الاخرين. . على حسب السياق, طرق ترجمة "شرعي" ممكن ان تشمل, "مسموح" او "مطابق لشريعة الله" او "يتماشى مع شرائعنا" او "لائق" او "مناسب". . العبارة "هل هو شرعي" ممكن ان تترجم ب "هل شرائعنا تسمح به" او "هل هذا شيء تسمح به شرائعنا؟".

شريعة, شريعة موسى, شريعة الله, شريعة الرب

كل هذه الالفاظ تشير الى الوصايا و التوجيهات التي اعطاها الله لموسى لبني اسرائيل ليطيعوها. اللفظين " شريعة" و "شريعة الله" يستخدمان ايضا بأكثر شمولية للاشارة الى اي شيء يطلبه الله من شعبه و يأمرهم بطاعته. . على حسب السياق, ال "شريعة" قد تشير الى : . الوصايا العشر التي كتبها الله على اللوحين الحجريين لبني اسرائيل. . كل الشرائع المعطاة لموسى. . الكتب الخمس الاولى من العهد القديم. . العهد القديم بأكمله ( يشار اليه ايضا "بالكتابات المقدسة" في العهد الجديد). . كل تعليمات الله و ارادته. . العبارة " الشريعة و الانبياء" تستخدم في العهد الجديد للاشارة الى الكتابات العبرية المقدسة ( او "العهد القديم).

اقتراحات الترجمة

. هذه الالفاظ ممكن ان تترجم باستخدام صيغة الجمع, "شرائع" لانها تشير الى الكثير من التعليمات. . "شريعة موسى" ممكن ان تترجم ب "الشرائع التي اخبر الله بها موسى ليعطيها لبني اسرائيل". . على حسب السياق, "شريعة موسى" يمكن ايضا ان تترجم ب, "الشرائع التي اخبر الله بها موسى " او "شرائع الله التي قام موسى بكتابتها" او "الشرائع التي اخبر الله بها موسى ليعطيها لبني اسرائيل". . طرق لترجمة "الشريعة" او "شريعة الله" او " شرائع الله" ممكن ان تشمل: "شرائع من عند الله" او "وصايا الله" او "الشرائع التي اعطاها الله" او "اي شيء امر به الله" او " كل توجيهات الله". . العبارة, "شريعة الرب" ممكن ان تترجم ب, "شرائع الرب" او "الشرائع التي قالها الرب لطاعتها" او " الشرائع التي من عند الرب" او "الاشياء التي امر بها الرب".

شريعة, شرائع

الشريعة هي قانون محدد مكتوب يوفر التوجيه للناس ليعيشوا به. . اللفظ "شريعة" له نفس معنى "مرسوم" او "وصية" او "قانون" او "قرار". كل هذه الالفاظ تتضمن تعليمات و متطلبات يعطيها الله الى شعبه. . قال الملك داود انه يبتهج بشريعة الرب. . اللفظ "شريعة" يمكن ان يترجم ب "وصية محددة" او "قرار خاص".

شرَك, فخ

اللفظ "شرك" و "فخ" يشيران الى الاداة التي تستخدم للقبض على الحيوان و منعه من الهرب. في الكتاب المقدس, تستخدم هذه الالفاظ ايضا بطريقة رمزية للحديث عما تفعله الخطية و التجربة التي تشبه فخاخ مخفية تقبض على الناس و تأذيهم. . "الشرك" هو حلقة من الحبال او الاسلاك التي تسحب فجأة عندما يسير حيوان فوقها فتشتد على ساقيه. . "الشرك" عادة ما يصنع من المعدن او الخشب و يتكون من جزئين ينغلقان على بعضهما فجأة و بقوة بهدف القبض على الحيوان حتى لا يهرب. في بعض الاحيان يكون الشرك حفرة عميقة يتم حفرها بهدف سقوط شيء بداخلها. . غالبا ما يخفى الشرك او الفخ فيقبض على الفريسة فجأة. . العبارة "نصب فخا" يعني جهز الفخ للايقاع بشيء ما. . "وقع في الفخ" يشير الى الوقوع في هوة عميقة او حفرة التي تم حفرها واخفاؤها بهدف القبض على الحيوان. . عندما تستخدم رمزيا, الوقوع في فخ او مصيدة يقارن بكفية وقوع الشخص بشكل مفاجيء في الخطية بنفس الطريقة التي يتم بها وقوع الحيوان في المصيدة او الفخ الحقيقي. . مثلما يتعرض الحيوان للخطر و الاذى بسبب الوقوع في فخ, كذلك الشخص الواقع في فخ الخطية يتأذي بهذه الخطية و يحتاج الى التحرير.

شعب الله, شعبي

اللفظ "شعب الله" يشير الى الناس الذين دعاهم الله من العالم ليكونوا على علاقة خاصة معه. . عندما يقول الله, "شعبي" فإنه يتكلم عن الناس الذين اختارهم و الذين لديهم علاقة معه. . شعب الله الذي اُختير من طرفه و الذين تم فرزهم من العالم ليعيشوا بطريقة ترضيه. و هو يدعوهم ايضا ابناءه. . في العهد القديم, "شعب الله" يشير الى امة بني اسرائيل التي اختارها الله و افرزها من بين امم العالم الاخرى لكي تخدمه و تطيعه. . في العهد الجديد, "شعب الله" تشير بالخصوص الى كل الذين امنوا بيسوع و يطلق عليهم اسم الكنيسة. و هذا يشمل كل من اليهود و الامم.

اقتراحات الترجمة

. اللفظ "شعب الله" يمكن ان يترجم ب "شعب الرب" او "الشعب الذي يعبد الله" او "الشعب الذي يخدم الله" او "الشعب الذي ينتمي الى الله". . طرق اخرى لترجمة "شعبي" عندما يقولها الله, يمكن ان تشمل, "الشعب الذي اخترته" او "الشعب الذي يعبدني" او "الشعب الذي ينتمي اليا". . و بالمثل, "شعبك" يمكن ان تترجم ب "الشعب الذي ينتمي اليك" او "الشعب الذي اخترته ليكون لك". . كذلك "شعبه"يمكن ان تترجم ب "الشعب الذي ينتمي اليه" او "الشعب الذي اختاره الله لنفسه".

شعوذة, مشعوذ, سحر

"الشعوذة" او "العرافة" يشير الى الستخدام السحر, الذي يشمل عمل اشياء قوية من خلال مساعدة الارواح الشريرة. "الساحر" هو الشخص الذي يقوم بفعل هذه الاشياء السحرية القوية. . استخدام السحر و الشعوذة قد يشمل كل من الاشياء المفيدة ( مثل شفاء شخص ما) و الاشياء الضارة ( مثل وضع لعنة على شخص ما). و لكن كل انواع الشعوذة هي معصية, لانهم يستخدمون قوة الارواح الشريرة. . في الكتاب المقدس, قال الله ان استخدام الشعوذة شر مثل كل الخطايا الشنيعة الاخرى ( مثل الزنا, عبادة الاوثان, و تقديم الاطفال كذبائح). . اللفظين "شعوذة" و "عرافة" يمكن ان تترجم ايضا ب, "قوة روحية شريرة" او "وضع التعاويذ". . طرق ممكنة لترجمة "ساحر" قد تشمل, "عامل السحر" او " الشخص يضع تعاويذ" او "الشخص الذي يعمل معجزات بإستخدام قوة روحية شريرة". . ملاحظة "شعوذة" لديها معنى مختلف عن "العرافة", التي تشير الى محاولة التواصل مع العالم الروحي.

شفقة, شفوق

اللفظ "شفقة" يشير الى الشعور بالقلق اتجاه الناس, و خصوصا هؤلاء الذين يعانون. ال "شفوق" شخص يهتم بالناس و يساعدهم. . الكلمة "شفقة" تتضمن عادة القلق من اجل الناس المحتاجين, و اتخاذ الاجراءات لمساعدتهم. . الكتاب المقدس يقول ان الله شفوق, هذا لانه مملوء بالمحبة و النعمة. . في رسالة بولس الى اهل كولوسي, قال لهم ان "يكسو انفسهم بالشفقة". و طلب منهم ان يهتموا بالناس و ان يكونوا نشطين في مساعدة الذين هم في احتياج.

اقتراحات الترجمة . المعنى الحرفي ل "شفقة" هو "احشاء رحمة". و هذا معناه "رحمة" او "رأفة". ممكن ان تمتلك بعض اللغات تعبير واحد بهذا المعنى. . طرق ترجمة "شفقة" ممكن ان تتضمن, "اهتمام عميق ب" او "رحمة مساندة". . اللفظ "شفوق" ممكن ان تترجم كذلك ب, "رعاية و مساندة" او "محبة عميقة ورحمة".

شفى, أبرىء

اللفظين "شفى" و "ابرئ" كلاهما يعنيان انه يجعل المريض, الجريح, او الشخص العاجز معافى مرة اخرى. . الشخص الذي يتم "شفاؤه" او "ابراءه" يصبح "صحيحا" او "يصبح معافى". .يمكن للشفاء ان يحدث طبيعيا لان الله زود اجسادنا بالقدرة على التغلب على انواع كثيرة من الامراض. و هذا النوع من الشفاء عادة يتم ببطء. . في حين ,ان هناك بعض الحالات مثل العمى او الشلل, وبعض الامراض الاخرى الخطيرة مثل البرص لا يمكن شفاءها بشكل ذاتي. عندما يشفى الناس من هذه الاشياء, نسميها معجزة التي عادة ما تحدث فجأة. . على سبيل المثال, شفى يسوع الكثير من الأشخاص الذين كانوا عميانا او عرج او المرضى والذين اصبحوا اصحاء. . الرسل ايضا شفوا اناسا بطريقة معجزية, مثلا بطرس جعل رجلا مشلولا قادرا على المشي في الحال.

شكيم

شكيم هي مدينة في كنعان تقع على بعد 40 ميلا شمال اورشليم. شكيم هو ايضا اسم لرجل من العهد القديم. . مدينة شكيم هي المكان الذي استقر فيه يعقوب بعد ان تصالح مع اخيه عيسو. . اشترى يعقوب ارضا من ابناء حمور الحوي في شكيم, الذي اصبح فيما بعد قبرا لعائلته و هو المكان الذي دفنه فيه ابناءه. . اغتصب شكيم ابن حمور دينة ابنة يعقوب, و كنتيجة لذلك قتل ابناء يعقوب كل الرجال في مدينة شكيم.

شماس

الشماس هو الشخص الذي يخدم في الكنيسة المحلية, يساعد اخوانه المؤمنين في الاحتياجات العملية, مثل الطعام او المال. . الكلمة "شماس" اخذت مباشرة من الكلمة اليونانية التي تعني "خادم" او "وزير". . منذ زمن المسيحيين الاوائل, ان تكون شماس هو دور و خدمة محددة في كيان الكنيسة. . على سبيل المثال, في العهد الجديد, الشمامسة يحرصون على توزيع المال او الطعام الذي يتشاركه المؤمنون بشكل عادل على الارامل الذين بينهم. . اللفظ "شماس" ممكن ان تترجم كذلك ب, "وزير الكنيسة" او "عامل الكنيسة" او "خادم الكنيسة" او بعبارات اخرى تبين ان هذا الشخص عُين رسميا ليقوم بمهمة محددة لفائدة الكنيسة المحلية.

شمشون

شمشون هو احد قضاة, او محرري, اسرائيل. و هو من عشيرة دان. . اعطى الله لشمشون قوة غير طبيعية التي استخدمها لمواجهة اعداء بني اسرائيل, الفلسطينيين. . وُضع شمشون تحت نذر و ذلك بأن لا يقص شعره ابدا و ان لا يشرب خمرا او اي مسكرا اخر, طالما كان حافظا لهذا النذر, يستمر الله في اعطاءه القوة. . في النهاية خلف نذره و سمح بقص شعره, الشيء الذي جعل الفلسطينيين قادرين على اسره. . عندما كان في الاسر, جعله قادرا على استعادة قوته واعطاه شرف تحطيم معبد الاله داجون, بالاضافة الى قتل الكثير من الفلسطينيين داخله.

شمعي

شمعي هو اسم لعدة رجال من العهد القديم. . شمعي ابن جيرا, البنياميني الذي سبّ داود و رماه بالحجارة عندما كان يهم بمغادرة اورشليم هربا من ابنه ابشالوم. . و هناك العديد من الكهنة اللاويين في العهد القديم يحملون اسم شمعي.

شنعار

شنعار تعني "بلد النهرين" و هو اسم لمنطقة السهل او المنطقة التي تقع جنوب بلاد ما بين النهرين. . اصبحت تعرف شنعار فيما بعد بإسم "كلدان" و من ثم "بابل". . قامت الشعوب القديمة التي سكنت مدبنة بابل في سهول شنعار ببناء برج ضخم لجلب العظمة لانفسهم. . بعد اجيال عديدة, الاب اليهودي ابراهيم سكن في مدينة اور في هذه المنطقة, التي كانت تسمى وقتها "بلاد الكلدانيين".

شهادة, شهد

اللفظين "شهادة" و "شهد" يشيران الى تقديم بيان عن شيء يعرف انه صحيح. . عادة ما "يشهد" الشخص بخصوص شيء اختبره مباشرة. . الشاهد الذي يقدم "شهادة زور" لا يقول الحقيقة بخصوص ما حدث. . احيانا اللفظ "شهادة" يشير الى نبوءة صرح بها نبي. . في العهد الجديد, هذا اللفظ عادة ما يستخدم للاشارة الى الكيفية التي يشهد بها اتباع يسوع عو احداث حياته, موته, و قيامته.

اقتراحات الترجمة . اللفظ "يشهد" او "يقدم شهادة" يمكن ان يترجم ايضا ب, "يقول الحقائق" او "يقول ما سمعه و ما رآه" او " يحكي عن تجربته الشخصية" او "يقدم دليلا" او "يحكي ما حدث". . طرق لترجمة "شهادة" قد تشمل, "تقرير بخصوص ما حدث" او "بيان عن ما هي الحقيقة" او "اثبات" او "ما قيل" او "نبوءة". . العبارة, "كشهادة لهم" يمكن ان تترجم ب, "لتبين لهم الحقيقة" او "لكي تثبت لهم الحقيقة". . العبارة, "كشهادة عليهم" يمكن ان تترجم ب, "و التي سوف تظهر لهم الخطيئة" او "يكشف رياءهم" او "الذي سوف يثبت لهم انهم على خطأ". . ان "يقدم شهادة زور" يمكن ان تترجم ب "يقول اشياء خاطئة بخصوص" او "يبين اشياء ليست هي الحقيقة".

شهوة

الشهوة هي الرغبة القوية, عادة في سياق توقع شيء غير بريء او غير اخلاقي. . في الكتاب المقدس, "شهوة" عادة تشير الى الرغبة الجنسية تجاه شخص اخر غير الشريك. . في بعض الاحيان هذا اللفظ يستخدم بالمعنى المجازي للاشارة الى عبادة الاوثان. . على حسب السياق, "شهوة" يمكن ان تترجم ايضا ب "رغبة خاطئة" او "رغبة قوية" او "رغبة جنسية غير شرعية" او"رغبة قوية غير اخلاقية" او "الرغبة القوية في الخطية". . العبارة "شهوة ل" ممكن ايضا ان تترجم ب "ان يرغب بطريقة خاطئة" او "ان يفكر بعدم براءة في" او "يرغب بطريقة شريرة". انظر ايضا : ( زنى).

شوكة, شوك

الاشواك و شجيرات الاشواك هي نباتات لديها اغصان او ازهار شائكة. هذه النباتات لا تنتج ثمارا او اي شيء اخر ذو فائدة. . "الشوكة" عبارة عن نمو جزء حاد على فرع او ساق النبات. . "شجيرة الشوك" هي نوع من الشجر الصغير لديه عدة اشواك على اغصانه. . الشوك و شجيرات الاشواك هي نباتات تنمو بسرعة و قد تسبب في خنق النباتات المجاورة و منعها من النمو. و هي صورة عما تفعله الخطية التي تمنع الشخص من انتاج ثمار جيدة. . تاج الشوك المصنوع من الاشواك وضع على رأس يسوع قبل صلبه. . اذا امكن, يجب ترجمة هذا اللفظ بأسماء نوعين من النباتات الشوكية المعروفة في محيط اللغة.

شيث

في سفر التكوين, "شيث" هو الابن الثالث لادم و حواء. . قالت حواء ان شيث أُعطي لها مكان هابيل, الذي قُتل على يد اخيه قايين. . نوح هو احد احفاد شيث, لهذا فإن كل شخص عاش بعد الطوفان هو ايضا من احفاد شيث. . شيث و عائلته كانوا اول من "دعى بإسم الرب".

شيخ

الشيوخ هم الرجال الناضجون روحيا و المسؤولون عن العبادة و الممارسات الروحية التي تخص شعب الله. . اللفظ "شيخ" مستخرج من حقيقة ان الشيوخ هم الرجال المسنين الذين بسبب سنهم و خبرتهم, يملكون حكمة اكثر. . في العهد القديم, ساعد الشيوخ في قيادة بني اسرائيل في مسائل العدالة الاجتماعية و شريعة موسى. . في العهد الجديد, شيوخ اليهود استمروا في كونهم قادة في مجتمعاتهم و كذلك كانوا يقضون للشعب. . في الكنائس المسيحية الاولى, الشيوخ المسيحيون يعطون القيادة الروحية لمجموعات المؤمنين المحليين. . الشيوخ في هذه الكنائس تشمل شباب ناضجون روحيا. . هذا اللفظ ممكن ان يترجم ب "رجل شيخ" او "رجل روحي ناضج يقود الكنيسة".

شيطان, إبليس, الشرير

إبليس هو كائن روحي خلقه الله, و لكنه تمرد ضد الله و اصبح عدوا له. يسمى ابليس ايضا ب "شيطان" و "الشرير". . إبليس يكره الله و كل ما خلقه الله, لانه اراد اخذ مكان الله و أراد ان يعبد مثل الله. . يحاول الشيطان جعل الانسان يتمرد ضد الله. . ارسل الله ابنه, يسوع ليخلص الانسان من سيطرة الشيطان. . الاسم "شيطان" يعني "مقاوم" او "عدو". . الكلمة "ابليس" تعني "مشتكي".

اقتراحات الترجمة . الكلمة "ابليس" يمكن ان تترجم ب "المشتكي" او "الشرير" او "ملك الشياطين" او "رئيس الارواح الشريرة". . "ابليس" يمكن ان تترجم ب "الخصم" او "المقاوم" او بعض الاسماء الاخرى التي تبين انه شرير. . يجب ان تترجم هذه الالفاظ مختلفة عن روح نجس او روح شرير. . مع الاخذ بعين الاعتبار كيف تمت ترجمة هذه الالفاظ في الترجمة المحلية او الوطنية.

شيطان, روح شرير, روح نجس

كل هذه الالفاظ تشير الى الشياطين, التي هي كائنات روحية تعارض مشيئة الله. . خلق الله الملائكة لتخدمه. و عندما تمرد الشيطان ضد الله, تمرد أيضا بعض الملائكة وسقطوا من السماء. و يعتقد ان هذه الشياطين و الارواح الشريرة هم "الملائكة الساقطون". . في بعض الاحيان هذه الشياطين تدعى "ارواح نجسة". اللفظ "نجسة" يعني "غير طاهرة" او "شريرة" او "غير مقدسة". . لان الشياطين تخدم الشر, فهي تعمل اشياء شريرة. و هي تعيش داخل البشر في بعض الاحيان و تسيطر عليهم. . الشياطين هي اكثر قوة من الكائنات البشرية, و لكنها ليست قوية مثل الله.

اقتراحات الترجمة . اللفظ "شيطان" ممكن ان يترجم ايضا ب "روح شرير". . اللفظ "روح نجس" ممكن ان يترجم ب "روح غير طاهر" او "روح فاسد" او "روح شرير". . تأكد بأن الكلمة او العبارة التي تستخدم لترجمة هذا اللفظ تكون مختلفة عن اللفظ الذي يستخدم للاشارة الى الشيطان. . كذلك الاخذ بعين الاعتبار كيفية ترجمة اللفظ "شيطان" في اللغة المحلية او الوطنية.

شيلوه

شيلوه هي مدينة كنعانية ذات اسوار استولى عليها بنو اسرائيل بقيادة يشوع. . كانت مدينة شيلوه تقع غرب نهر الاردن و شمال بيت ايل. . في الفترة التي كان فيها يشوع قائدا لبني اسرائيل, كانت شيلوه مكان الالتقاء لشعب اسرائيل. . تلتقي عشائر بني اسرائيل الاثنى عشر مع بعضها لتسمع من يشوع اي قسم من ارض كنعان سيكون من نصيب كل عشيرة منهم. . قبل ان يتم بناء اي هيكل في اورشليم, كانت شيلوه المكان الذي يأتي إليه بنو اسرائيل لتقديم الذبائح. . عندما كان صموئيل ولدا صغيرا, اخذته امه حنا ليقيم في شيلوه و يتدرب على خدمة الرب على يد عالي الكاهن.

شَرِكَة

بصفة عامة, اللفظ "شركة" يشير الى تفاعلات ودية بين اعضاء مجموعة من الناس الذين يتشاركون نفس الاهتمامات و التجارب. . في الكتاب المقدس, اللفظ "شركة" عادة يشير الى وحدة المؤمنين في المسيح. . الشركة المسيحية هي علاقة المشاركة التي تربط المؤمنين احدهم بالآخر من خلال علاقتهم بالمسيح و بالروح القدس. . عبّر المسيحيون الاوائل عن شَركتِهم من خلال الاستماع الى تعاليم كلمة الله و الصلاة مع بعض, من خلال مشاركة ممتلكاتهم, و اكل الوجبات معا. . المسيحيون لديهم ايضا شركة مع الله من خلال ايمانهم بيسوع و بموته الكفاري على الصليب الذي هدم الحاجز بين الله و الإنسان.

اقتراحات الترجمة

. طرق ترجمة "شَركة" ممكن ان تشمل, "المشاركة مع بعض" او "العلاقة" او "المرافقة" او "الجماعة المسيحية"

صادوق

صادوق هو اسم رئيس كهنة مهم خلال الفترة التي كان فيها داود ملكا على اسرائيل. . عندما تمرد ابشالوم ضد الملك داود, دعم صادوق داود و ساعده على احضار ثابوت العهد الى اورشليم. . سنوات فيما بعد, شارك في مواسيم مسح سليمان ابن داود كملك. . رجلان اخران يحملان هذا الاسم صادوق وقد ساعدا في اعادة بناء اسوار اورشليم مع نحميا. . صادوق هو ايضا اسم جد الملك يوثام.

صالح, صلاح

الكلمة "صالح" لها معاني مختلفة على حسب السياق. العديد من اللغات تستخدم كلمات مختلفة لترجمة هذه المعاني المختلفة. . بصفة عامة, يكون شيء ما صالح اذا توافق مع صفات الله, اهدافه, ارادته. . يكون شيء ما "صالح" اذا كان سارا, ممتازا, مفيدا, مربحا, لائقا, او صحيحا اخلاقيا. . الارض "جيدة" نستطيع ان نقول عنها "خصبة" او "منتجة". . محصول "جيد" هو محصول "وفير". . يستطيع ان يكون الاشخاص "جيدون" في ما يقومون به اذا كانوا بارعين في مهامهم و اعمالهم, مثل, "المزارع الجيد". . في الكتاب المقدس, المعنى العام ل "صالح" عادة يكون في مقابلته مع "شرير". . اللفظ "صلاح" عادة ما يشير الى ان يكون جيد اخلاقيا او صالح في القول و الفعل. . صلاح الله يشير الى الطريقة التي يبارك بها الناس بإعطاءهم اشياء صالحة ومفيدة. ممكن ايضا ان يشير الى الكمال الاخلاقي.

اقتراحات الترجمة . اللفظ العام ل "صالح" في اللغة المستهدفة يجب ان يستخدم عندما يكون المعنى العام دقيق و طبيعي. و خصوصا في السياقات التي فيها مقابلة مع "شرير". . على حسب السياق, طرق اخرى لترجمة هذا اللفظ ممكن ان تشمل, "طيب" او "ممتاز" او "مسر" لله او "صحيح" او "مستقيم اخلاقيا" او "مربح". . "لرض جيدة" ممكن ان تترجم ب, "ارض خصبة" او "ارض منتجة" , "محصول جيد" ممكن ان تترجم ب "حصاد وفير" او "كمية كبيرة من المحصول". . العبارة "فعل الخير ل" يعني عمل شيء مفيد الاخرين و ممكن ان تترجم ب "يكون كريم ل" او "يساعد" او "يربح" شخصا ما. . ان "يعمل الخير في السبت" يعني "ان يعمل اشياء تساعد الاخرين في السبت". . على حسب السياق, طرق لترجمة اللفظ "صلاح" ممكن ان تشمل, "مباركة" او "احسان" او "كمال اخلاقي" او "استقامة" او "طهارة".

صانع

بصفة عامة, "الصانع" الشخص الذي يصنع او يخلق الاشياء. . في الكتاب المقدس, اللفظ "صانع" يستخدم احيانا كإسم او لقب للرب, لانه خلق كل شيء. . عادة هذا اللفظ يتماشى مع "هو" او "انا" او "انت".

اقتراحات الترجمة . اللفظ "صانع" يمكن ان يترجم ب, "الخالق" او "الله الذي خلق" او "الذي صنع كل الاشياء". . العبارة "صانعه" ممكن ان تترجم ب "الشخص الذي صنعه" او "الله, الذي خلقه". . العبارات "صانعك" و "صانعي" ممكن ان تترجم بنفس الطريقة.

صبور, صبر

اللفظين "صبور" و "صبر" يشيران الى المثابرة خلال الضروف الصعبة. عادة الصبر ينطوي على الانتظار. . عندما يكون الناس صابرين تجاه شخص ما, هذا يعني انهم يحبون هذا الشخص و يغفرون له كل الاخطاء التي يفعلها. . يعلم الكتاب المقدس شعب الله ان يكون صابرين في مواجهة المصاعب و ان يكونوا صابرين تجاه بعضهم البعض. . من اجل رحمته, فإن الله صبور مع الناس, رغم انهم خطاة و يستحقون العقاب.

صحراء, برية

الصحراء, او البرية, هي مكان جاف و قاحل حيث تنمو فيه القليل جدا من النباتات و الاشجار. . الصحراء هي منطقة ذات مناخ جاف و قليل من النباتات او الحيوانات. . بسبب الضروف القاسية, عدد قليل جدا من الناس يستطيعون العيش في الصحراء, لهذا يُشار اليها ايضا ب "البرية". . البرية تحمل معنى بعيد, مهجور و معزول عن الناس.هذا اللفظ ممكن ايضا ان يترجم ب "مكان مقفر" او "مكان بعيد" او "مكان غير آهل".

صدقة

المصطلح "صدقة" تشير الى المال, الطعام, او اي شيء اخر التي تقدم كمساعدة لشخص فقير. . في كثير من الاحيان كان ينظر الى اعطاء الصدقات كأحد المتطلبات الدينية الواجب القيام بها لكي يكون الانسان صالحا. . قال يسوع ان اعطاء الصدقات لا يجب ان يكون بشكل معلن لكي لا يلاحظها الاخرون. . هذا اللفظ ممكن ان يترجم ب "مال" او "عطية لشخص فقير" او "مساعدة للفقير".

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صدقيا

صدقيا, ابن يوشيا, هو اخر ملوك يهوذا (597 الى 587 ق م). و هناك ايضا العديد من الرجال يحملون اسم صدقيا في العهد القديم. . نصب الملك نبوخذناصر صدقيا ملكا على يهوذا بعد ان قبض على الملك يهوياقيم و نفاه بعيدا الى بابل. تمرد صدقيا في ما بعد و نتيجة لذلك قبض عليه نبوخذناصر و دمر اورشليم عن اخرها. . صدقيا, ابن كنعنة, كان نبي كاذبا خلال فترة حكم الملك آحاب ملك اسرائيل. . رجل يحمل اسم صدقيا كان واحدا من الذين ختموا العهد مع الرب خلال حقبة نحميا.

صدوقي

الصدوقيين هم مجموعة سياسية من الكهنة اليهود كانوا موجودين ايام يسوع و كانوا معارضين للحكم الروماني و هو لا يؤمنون بالقيامة. . الكثير من الصدوقيين كانوا اغنياء, و هم طبقة مرموقة من اليهود الذين شغلوا مناصب قيادية قوية مثل رئيس الكهنة و كبير الكهنة. . واجبات الصدوقيين تتضمن الاهتمام بالهيكل و القيام بالمهام الكهنوتية مثل تقديم الذبائح. . اثر الصدوقيون و الفريسيون بقوة على القادة الرومانيين لصلب يسوع. . تكلم المسيح ضد هذين المجموعتين الدينيتين بسبب انانيتهم و نفاقهم.

صراع

اللفظ "صراع" يشير الى نزاع جسدي او عاطفي بين الاشخاص. . الشخص الذي يسبب الصراع يقوم بأشياء ينتج عنها خلافات قوية و مؤلمة بين الاشخاص. . يتضمن الصراع احيانا مشاعر قوية, مثل الغضب او المرارة. . طرق اخرى لترجمة هذا اللفظ يمكن ان تشمل, "خلاف" او "نزاع" او "عراك".

صرخ, صرخ الى

اللفظ "صرخ" او "صرخ الى" يعني عادة قول شيء ما بصوت عال و بشكل عاجل. يستطيع شخص ما ان "يصرخ" من الالم او المحنة او في الغضب. . العبارة "صرخ الى" تعني ايضا ان يصرخ او ان ينادي, عادة مع قصد طلب لبمساعدة. . هذا اللفظ ممكن ايضا ان يترجم ب "يطلب بصوت عال" او "يطلب المساعدة بشكل عاجل" على حسب السياق. . نعبير مثل, "انا اناديك" ممكن ان تترجم ب, "انا اناديك لكي تساعدني" او "انا اطلبك بشكل عاجل للمساعدة".

صرير الاسنان. طحن الاسنان

صرير او طحن الاسنان يعني تطبيق و كشط الاسنان و ضغطتها على بعضها. هذا عادة ما يظهر الحزن او الغضب. . يقول لنا الكتاب المقدس ان صرير الاسنان هي واحدة من الاشياء في الجحبم التي سوف ترافق الضائقة الفضيعة هناك. . هذا اللفظ ممكن ان يترجم ب "احتكاك الاسنان ببعضها البعض" او , اذا لم يكن واضح ماذا يعني هذا الفعل, "طحن الاسنان من المعاناة".

صفنيا

صفنيا, هو نبي عاش في اورشليم و تنبأ خلال فترة حكم الملك يوشيا. و كان معاصرا لنحميا. . وبخ شعب يهوذا لعبادتهم الاوثان. و كتبت نبوؤاته في سفر صفنيا في العهد القديم. . هناك العديد من الرجال يحملون اسم صفنيا, اغلبهم من الكهنة.

صلب

اللفظ "صلب" يعني اعدام شخص ما بربطه على الصليب و تركه يعاني هناك الى ان يموت بألم شديد. . اما ان يكون الضحية مربوطا الى الصليب او مسمرا فيه. يموت الناس المصلوبون اما بنزبف دموي او بالاختناق. . تستخدم الامبراطورية الرومانية القديمة دائما طريقة الاعدام هذه لمعاقبة و قتل الناس الذين يُعتبرون مجرمين خطرين او الذين تمردوا على سلطاتهم او حكوماتهم. . طلب القادة الدينيون اليهود من الحاكم الروماني ان يأمر جنوده بصلب يسوع. سمّر الجنود يسوع على خشبة الصليب. و تألم هناك لمدة ستة ساعات , ثم مات.

اقتراحات الترجمة . اللفظ "صلب" ممكن ان يترجم ب, "مات فوق الصليب" او "اعدم بتسميره على الصليب".

صلب العنق, عنيد

اللفظ "صلب العنق" هو اصطلاح يستخدم في الكتاب المقدس ليصف الاشخاص الذين لا يطيعون الله و يرفضون التوبة. انهم متكبرون جدا و لا يخضعون لسلطة الله. . و بالمثل, اللفظ "عنيد" تعني رفض تغيير الشخص لتفكيره او افعاله, حتى عندما يطلب منه القيام بذلك. الاشخاص العنيدين لا يستمعون الى النصائح الجيدة او التحذيرات التي يقدمها لهم الاخرون. . يصف العهد القديم بني اسرائيل ب "متصلبي الاعناق" لانهم لم يسمعوا للرسائل الكثيرة التي جاءت على لسان انبياء الله لتدعوهم الى التوبة و الرجوع الى الرب. . عندما "يتصلب" العنق هذا يعني انه لا ينحني بسهولة. قد يكون للغة المستهدفة اصطلاح اخر مختلف لكنه يعطي معنى ان الشخص "غير قابل للانحناء" بمعنى’ يرفض ان يغير طرقه. . طرق اخرى لترجمة هذا اللفظ قد تشمل, "متفاخر في عناده" او "متكبر عنيد" او "رافض للتغيير".

صلى, صلاة

اللفظين "صلى" و "صلاة" يشيران الى التكلم مع الله. يستخدم هذين اللفظين ايضا للاشارة الى محاولة الناس التكلم مع الالهة المزيفة. . يمكن للناس ان يصلوا في صمت, يتكلمون لله في فكرهم كما يمكنهم الصلاة بصوت مرتفع, يتكلمون لله بأصواتهم تكون الصلوات في بعض الاحيان مكتوبة, مثل ما فعل داود عندما كتب صلواته في كتاب المزامير. . يمكن ان تتضمن الصلاة على طلب الرحمة من الله, للمساعدة اثناء المشاكل, لطلب الحكمة في اتخاذ القرارات. . عادة يطلب الناس من الله ان يشفي المرضى او يساعد الذين هم في احتياج بطرق اخرى. . يسبح الناس الله و يشكرونه عندما يصلون إليه. . الصلاة تتضمن الاعتراف بخطايانا لله, و طلب الغفران منه. . التكلم لله يسمى في بعض الاحيان "شركة" معه مثل ارواحنا التي تتصل بروحه, مشاركة مشاعرنا و التمتع بحضوره. . يمكن ترجمة هذا اللفظ ب, "التكلم لله" او "التواصل مع الله". ترجمة هذا اللفظ يجب ان تتضمن الصلاة الصامتة.

صليب

في زمن الكتاب المقدس, الصليب هو قطعة خشبية مستقيمة تنتصب على الارض تتقاطع بشكل افقي بقطعة خشبية اخري متصلة بها بالقرب من الجهة العلوية.
. خلال زمن المستعمرة الرومانية, كانت الحكومة الرومانية تعدم المجرمين بربطهم اوبتعليقهم على الصليب و تركهم هناك حتى الموت. . اتهم يسوع بطلا بجرائم لم يرتكبها و وضعه الرومان للموت على خشبة الصليب. . ملاحظة هناك اختلاف كامل للكلمة التي جذرها الفعل "يعبر" الذي يعني المرور للجهة الاخرى من شيء ما, مثل النهر او البحيرة.

اقتراحات الترجمة . ممكن ان يترجم هذا اللفظ بإستخدام اللفظ الموجود في اللغة المستهدفة و الذي يشير الى شكل صليب. . بإعتبار وصف الصليب شيء يصلب عليه الناس, نستخدم عبارة مثل "عمود الاعدام" او "شجرة الموت". . مع الاخذ بعبن الاعتبار كيف تترجم هذه الكلمة في اللغة المحلية او الوطنية.

صموئيل

صموئيل هو نبي و اخر قضاة بني اسرائيل مسح كل من شاول و داود كملكين على اسرائيل. . وُلد صموئيل لألقانة و حنة في مدينة الرامة. . كانت حنة عاقرا, لهذا صلت بجدية و هكذا منحها الله ولدا. صموئيل كان استجابة لهذه الصلاة. . وعدت حنة انه اذا ولد لها ابن ذكر كإستجابة على صلاتها اليائسة, سوف تقدم هذا الابن الى الرب. . عندما كبر صموئيل , احضرته حنة لكي يساعد عالي الكاهن وفاءا لما وعدت به الله. . اقام الله صموئيل ليكون نبيا عظيما له.

صهيون, جبل صهيون

في الاصل, اللفظ "صهيون" و "جبل صهيون" يشير الى الغابة القوية التي استولى عليها الملك داود من اليبوسيين. كل من هذين اللفظين هما طريقتين للاشارة الى اورشليم. . جبل صهيون و جبل المريا هما رابيتين تقع عليهما مدينة اورشليم. فيما بعد اصبح "صهيون" و "جبل صهيون" يستخدمان بصفة عامة للاشارة الى كل من هذين الجبلين و مدينة اورشليم. و احيانا اخرى يشير الى الهيكل الذي يقع في اورشليم. . سماها داود صهيون, او اورشليم او "مدينة داود". و هي تختلف عن مدينة بيت لحم مسقط رأس داود, التي تسمى ايضا مدينة داود. . اللفظ "صهيون" يستخدم بطرق رمزية اخرى, للاشارة الى اسرائيل او الى مملكة الله الروحية او الى المدينة السماوية اورشليم الجديدة التي سوف يؤسسها الله.

صوت

اللفظ "صوت" عادة ما يستخدم رمزيا للاشارة الى التكلم او التواصل. . يقول الله انه يستخدم صوته, عادة فكر ليس له صوت مثل الكائنات البشرية. . قد يستخدم هذا اللفظ للاشارة الى الشخص كاملا, مثل ما جاء في الجملة "صوت منادي في البرية يقول, اعدوا طريق الرب". قد يترجم هذا ب, "شخص ينادي في البرية..." . ان "يسمع صوت شخص ما" يمكن ان تترجم ب "يسمع شخصا يتكلم". . احيانا الكلمة "صوت" قد تستخدم لاشياء حرفيا لا تتكلم, مثل عندما تعجب داود في المزامير بأن "صوت السماوات يحدث بأعمال قدرة الله. قد يترجم هذا ايضا ب "روعتهم تظهر بوضوح كم ان الله عظيم".

صور, صوريون

صور هي مدينة كنعانية قديمة تقع على ساحل البحر الابيض المتوسط, في المنطقة المسماة حاليا دولة لبنان. يدعى سكانها صيدونيين. . جزء من المدينة يقع على جزيرة في البحر, على بعد كيلومتر واحد من الساحل. . بسبب موقعها و مصادرها الطبيعية الغنية مثل شجر الارز اصبحت لصور تجارة وصناعة مزدهرة جعلت منها مدينة ثرية. . ارسل ملك صور حيرام خشب شجر الارز و العمال المهرة لبناء قصر للمملك داود. . سنوات فيما بعد, ارسل كذلك الملك حيرام الى سليمان خشب و عمال مهرة لبناء الهيكل, دفع له سليمان كمية كبيرة من القمح و زيت الزيتون. . صور عادة ما ترتبط بالمدينة القديمة و المجاورة لها صيدون. و هما اهم مدينتين في منطقة كنعان المسماة فينيقية.

صورة, صورة منحوتة, تمثال منحوت, تمثال معدني منحوت

تستخدم هذه الالفاظ للاشارة الى تماثيل اوثان الالهة المزيفة المصنوعة للعبادة. في سياق عبادة الاوثان, اللفظ "صورة" هو الاختصار ل "صورة منحوتة". . ال "صورة منحوتة" او "تمثال منحوت" هو اداة خشبية تصنع لكي تبدو مثل حيوان, شخص, او شيء, . ال "تمثال المعدني المنحوت" هواداة او تمثال تعمل من صهر المعدن و تشكيله في قالب على شكل هذه الاداة, الحيوان,او الشخص. . هذه الادوات الخشبية و المعدنية كانت تستخدم في عبادة الالهة المزيفة. . اللفظ "صورة" عندما تشير الى وثن قد يكون وثن خشبي او معدني.

اقتراحات الترجمة

. عندما تشير الى وثن, اللفظ "صورة" ممكن ان تترجم ب "تمثال" او "وثن منقوش" او "اداة دينية منحوتة". . قد يكون اوضح في بعض اللغات عند استخدام كلمة تصف هذا اللفظ, مثل "صورة منحوتة" او "تمثال معدني منحوت", حتى في الاماكن التي يكون فيها فقط اللفظ "صورة" او "شكل" في النص الاصلي. . تأكد ان هذا اللفظ يكون مختلفا بوضوح عن اللفظ الذي يستخدم للاشارة الى صورة الله.

صورة الله, صورة

اللفظ "صورة" يشير الى شيء يشبه شيئا اخر او مثل شخص ما في شخصيته او جوهره. العبارة "صورة الله" تستخدم بطرق مختلفة, على حسب السياق. . في بدايه الزمن, خلق الله البشر "على صورته", هذا يعني, "على شبهه". هذا يعني ان البشر لديهم بعض الميزات التي تعكس صورة الله, مثل القدرة على الاحساس و الشعور, القدرة على الادراك و التواصل, و الروح التي تعيش الى الابد. . يعلم الكتاب المقدس ان يسوع, الله الابن, هو "صورة الله", هذا لانه هو الله ذاته. ليس كالكائنات البشرية, يسوع لم يُخلق. منذ الابد, الله الابن له المميزات الالهية لان له نفس جوهر الله الآب.

اقتراحات الترجمة

. عندما يشير الى يسوع, "صورة الله" ممكن ان تترجم ب "الشبه الحقيقي لله" او " نفس جوهر الله" او "نفس الكينونة التي لله". . عندما يشير الى الكائنات البشرية, "خلقهم الله على صورته" ممكن ان تترجم بعبارة يكون معناها, "خلقهم الله ليكونوا مثله" او "خلقهم الله بميزات تشبه ميزاته هو".

صوغر

صوغر هي مدينة صغيرة هرب اليها لوط عندما دمر الله سدوم و عمورة. . تعرف رسميا ب "بالع" و سميت بعد ذلك "صوغر" عندما طلب لوط من الرب ان يهرب الى هذه المدينة "الصغيرة". . من المحتمل ان صوغر كانت تقع في سهل نهر الاردن او الى الجزء الجنوبي من البحر الميت.

صولجان

اللفظ "صولجان" يشير الى قضيب مزخرف او عصا تمسك من طرف الحاكم, مثل الملك. . كانت الصولجانات في الاصل عبارة عن غصن من الخشب نحتت عليه زخرفة. فيما بعد صنعت الصولجانات من المعادن الثمينة مثل الذهب. . يعتبر الصولجان احد رموز الملك و السلطة الذي يدل على الشرف و المجد المرتيط بالملك. . في العهد القديم, يوصف الله على انه يمسك بصولجان العدل و هذا مرتبط بحكم الله كملك على شعبه. . نبوءة من العهد القديم تشير الى المسيا على انه رمز للقضيب الذي سوف يأتي من اسرائيل ليحكم على كل الامم. . يمكن ان يترجم ايضا ب, "عصا الحكم" او "عصا الملك".

صوم

اللفظ "صوم" يعني التوقف عن اكل الطعام لمدة من الزمن, مثل يوم او اكثر. في بعض الاحيان يشمل عدم الشرب أيضا. . الصوم ممكن ان يساعد الناس في التركيز على الله و الصلاة بدون ان ينشغلوا بتحضير الطعام و الاكل. . يدين يسوع قادة اليهود الدينيين لصومهم لاسباب خاطئة. انهم يصومون لكي يعتقد الاخرون انهم صالحون. . في بعض الاحيان يصوم الناس لانهم في حزن شديد او مكتئبون بسبب شيء ما. . الفعل"يصوم" ممكن ان يترجم ب "امتنع عن الاكل" او "ان لا يأكل". . الاسم "صيام" ممكن ان يترجم ب "الوقت الذي لا يؤكل فيه" او "الوقت الامتناع عن الطعام".

صيت, ذو صيت

اللفظ "صيت" يشير الى ان يكون معروف جيدا و لديه سمعة جديرة بالثناء. . شخص او شيء "ذو صيت" هو شخص معروف جيدا و ذو شأن رفيع. . "صيت" يشير خصوصا الى السمعة الجيدة على نحو واسع خلال فترة طويلة من الزمن. . مدينة "ذات صيت" هي مدينة عادة ما تكون مشهورة بثروتها و ازدهارها.

اقتراحات الترجمة . اللفظ "ذو صيت" يمكن ان يترجم ايضا ب, "شهرة" او "سمعة حسنة" او "العظمة المعروفة لدى الكثير من الناس". . اللفظ "ذو صيت" يمكن ان يترجم ب "معروف جيدا و محترم جدا" او "لديه سمعة ممتازة". . التعبير, "لكين اسم الرب معروفا في اسرائيل" يمكن ان تترجم ب, "لكين اسم الرب مشهورا و مكرما من طرف شعب اسرائيل". . العبارة, "رجل ذو صيت" يمكن ان تترجم ب, "رجل مشهور بشجاعته" او "محارب مشهور" او "رجل محترم جدا". . التعبير"ليدم ذكرك طول الاجيال" يمكن ان تترجم ب "سوف تسمع الشعوب عن عظمتك على مر السنين" او "ستسمع و سترى عظمتك من طرف الشعوب في كل الاجيال".

صيدون, صيدوني

صيدون هو الابن البكر لكنعان. و هناك ايضا مدينة كنعانية تدعى صيدون, من المحتمل انها سميت هكذا على اسم ابن كنعان. . تقع مدينة صيدون شمال غرب اسرائيل على ساحل البحر الابيض المتوسط في منطقة هي حاليا جزءا من دولة لبنان. . "الصيدونيون" هم الشعب الفينيقي الذي سكن في صيدون القديمة و المنطقة المحيطة بها. . في الكتاب المقدس, صيدون ترتبط ارتباطا وثيقا بمدينة صور, و تعرف كل من المدينتين بغناهما و السلوك الغير اخلاقي لشعبهما.

صيّادو السمك, صيادون

صيادو السمك هم الرجال الذين يصطادون السمك من الماء كوسيلة لكسب المال. في العهد الجديد, يستعمل صيادو السمك شبكة كبيرة لاصطياد السمك. اللفظ "صيادون" هو اسم آخر لصيادي السمك. . بطرس والرسل الاخرون كانوا صيادي سمك قبل ان يدعوهم يسوع. . لان ارض اسرائيل كانت على مقربة من المياه, الكتاب المقدس يحتوي على الكثير من الايات عن السمك و صيادي السمك. . هذا اللفظ ممكن ان يترجم بعبارة مثل, "الرجل الذي يصطاد السمك" او "الرجل الذي يكسب المال من صيد السمك".

ضبط النفس

ضبط النفس هو القدرة على التحكم في السلوك بهدف تجنب الوقوع في الخطأ. . و يشير الى سلوك حسن, يجنب الخطأ من خلال, الاقوال و الافعال. . ضبط النفس هو ثمر او خاصية يمنحها الروح القدس للمؤمنين بالمسيح. . الشخص الذي يستخدم ضبط النفس قادر على منع نفسه من فعل شيء خاطيء كان يمكن ان يقوم به. الله هو الذي يُمكن الشخص من الحصول على ضبط النفس.

ضد المسيح

اللفظ "ضد المسيح" يشير الى الشخص او التعليم الذي يعارض يسوع المسيح و عمله. هناك العديد من اضداد المسيح في العالم. . كتب الرسول يوحنا بأن شخص يكون ضد المسيح اذا كان يخدع الناس بقوله يسوع ليس هو المسيح او اذا كان ينكر ان يسوع هو الله و انسان في الوقت نفسه. . الكتاب المقدس كذلك يعلم انه يوجد روح ضد المسيح في العالم الذي يعارض عمل المسيح. . العهد الجديد سفر الرؤيا يشرح هذا انه سيأتي رجل اسمه "ضد المسيح" الذي سيظهر في اخر الازمنة. هذا الرجل سوف يحاول ان يدمر شعب الرب, و لكنه سيهزم من المسيح. اقتراحات الترجمة . طريقة اخرى لترجمة هذا اللفظ ممكن ان تتضمن كلمة او عبارة تعني, "ضد المسيح" او "عدو المسيح" او "الشخص الذي هو ضد المسيح". . العبارة, "روح ضد المسيح" ممكن ان تترجم كذلك ب, "الروح الذي هو ضد المسيح"

ضريبة, ضرائب

اللفظان "ضريبة" و "ضرائب" يشيران الى المال او البضائع التي يدفعها الناس الى الحكومة التي تسود عليهم. . كمية المال التي تدفع للضرائب تعتمد عادة على قيمة بند او كمية الثروة التي يملكها الشخص. . اذا لم يتم دفع الضرائب, يمكن للحكومة اتخاذ اجراءات قانونية ضد الشخص لأخذ المال المستحق. . سافر يوسف و مريم الى بيت لحم لاتمام المرسوم الذي ينص على وجوب دفع ضريبة من طرف كل شخص يعيش داخل الامبراطورية الرومانية. . و يوجد ايضا "ضريبة الهيكل" و هي المال الذي يضعه الناس في الهيكل للعناية بمبنى الهيكل. . اللفظ "ضريبة" يمكن ان يترجم ب, "المال المطلوب دفعه" او "مال الحكومة" او "مال الهيكل", على حسب السياق. . عبارة مثل, "يجمع الضرائب" و "يدفع الضرائب" يمكن ان تترجم ب, "يدفع المال الى الحكومة" او "يتلقى المال لاجل الحكومة" او "يجمع المبلغ المطلوب تسديده". . "جامع الضرائب" هو الشخص الذي يعمل لدى الحكومة لجمع المال المطلوب دفعه من طرف الشعب.

ضلل, خداع, ضلال, مضلل

اللفظ "ضلل" يعني ان يسبب لشخص ما ان يؤمن بشيء ليس صحيح. فعل تضليل شخص ما يسمى "خداع". . لفظ اخر, "ضلال" ايضا يشير الى فعل التسبب لشخص ما ان يؤمن بشيء ليس صحيحا. . الشخص الذي يتسبب للاخرين في تصديق شيء خاطيء هو ال "المضلل". على سبيل المثال, الشيطان يدعى ال "مضلل". الارواح الشريرة التي يسود عليهاهي ايضا مضللة. . الشخص, الفعل, او الرسالة الغير صحيحة ممكن ان توصف على انها "مضللة". . اللفظ "خداع" و "ضلال" لهما نفس المعنى, و لكن هناك فقط فروقات صغيرة في كيفية الاستخدام. . الالفاظ الوصفية, "مخادع" و "مضلل" لهما نفس المعنى و يستخدمان في نفس السياق.

اقتراحات الترجمة

. طرق اخرى لترجمة "يضلل" ممكن ان تشمل "يكذب على" او "تسبب في تكوين اعتقاد خاطيء" او "تسبب لشخص ما ان يفكر شيء ليس صحيح". . اللفظ "خدع"ممكن ايضا ان يترجم ب, "تسبب في في الاعتقاد في شيء خاطيء" او "كذب على" او" خدع" او "انخدع" او "ضلل". . "مضلل" ممكن ان تترجم ب, "كذّاب" او "الشخص الذي يضلل" او "الشخص الذي يخدع". . على حسب السياق, الالفاظ "ضلال" او "خداع" ممكن ان تترجم بكلمة او بعبارة تعني "زور" او "كذب" او "خداع" او "عدم الامانة".

ضلّ, يضل, بدأ يضل, ضال

اللفظ "ضال" و " يضل" تعني عصيا ن ارادة الله. الشعب الذي "بدأ يضل" هو الذي سمح للشعوب الاخرى او للضروف ان تؤثر عليه لكي يعصي ارادة الله. . الكلمة "ضال" تصور لنا ترك طريق صحيح و مكان امن و النزول الى طريق خاطيء و خطير. . الخروف الذي يترك المرعى الذي يرعى فيه قد "ضلّ". الله يقارن الناس الخطاة بالخراف الذين تركوه و "ضلوا".

اقتراحات الترجمة . العبارة "يضل" ممكن ان تترجم ب, "يبتعد عن الله" او "يأخذ طريق خاطيء بعيدا عن ارادة الله" او "التوقف عن طاعة الله" او "العيش بطريقة تأخذه بعيدا عن الله". . ان " يقود شخص ما الى الضلال" ممكن ان تترجم ب, "يتسبب في عصيان شخص ما لله" او "التأثير على شخص ما ليتوقف عن طاعته لله" او "تتسبب لشخص ما ان يتبعك في طريقك الخاطيء".

ضمير

الضمير هو ذلك الجزء من تفكير الانسان الذي يجعله الله من خلاله يدرك انه يفعل شيء خاطيء. . اعطى الله الضمير للانسان لكي يساعده على التمييز بين الخطأ و الصواب. . الشخص الذي يطيع الله يقال عنه انه "نقي" او "نظيف" او "صافي" الضمير. . اذا كان شخص "نقي الضمير" هذا يعني انه لا يخبيء اي خطية. . اذا كان الشخص يتجاهل ضميره و لم يعد يشعر بالذنب عندما يخطيء, هذا يعني ان ضميره لم يعد حساس للخطأ. يسمي الكتاب المقدس هذا بالضمير "المتصلب" و هي التي وسمت بالنار كأنها حرقت بالحديد الساخن. هذه الضمائر تدعى ايضا "متلبدة" و "ملوثة". . الطرق الممكنة لترجمة هذا اللفظ ممكن ان تشمل, "دليل الاخلاق الداخلي" او "التفكير الاخلاقي".

ضيقة

اللفظ "ضيقة" يشير الى وقت مشقة, معاناة, وضيق. . يقول العهد الجديد بأن المسيحيين سوف ييتحملون اوقات اضطهاد و انواع اخرى من الضيقات بسبب الناس الكثيرين من هذا العالم الذين يقاومون تعليم يسوع. . يستخدم الكتاب المقدس اللفظ "الضيقة العظيمة" ليصف فترة من الزمن بعد رجوع المسيح الثاني عندما يحل غضب الله على الارض لسنوات عديدة. . اللفظ "ضيقة" يمكن ان يترجم ايضا ب, "زمن المعاناة العظيمة" او "ضيق شديد" او "صعوبات شديدة".

طاهر, تطهير

اللفظ "طاهر" حرفيا يعني ان لا يكون فيه اي قذارة او عيب. في الكتاب المقدس, يستخدم هذا اللفظ عادة مجازيا و يقصد به, "نقي", "مقدس", او "خال من الخطية". . "تطهير" هي العملية التي تجعل شيئا ما "طاهر". ممكن ان يترجم كذلك ب "غسل" او "تنقية". . في العهد القديم, اخبر الله بني اسرائيل عن الحيوانات " الطاهرة" و الحيوانات " النجسة". فقط الحيوانات الطاهرة يجوز استخدامها للاكل و للذبيحة. في هذا السياق, اللفظ "طاهر" يقصد به الحيوان المقبول من الله ليكون ذبيحة. . الشخص الذي لديه بعض الامراض الجلدية يعتبر نجسا الى ان يشفى الجلد جيدا لكي لا يكون معديا. تتبع تعليمات تطهير الجلد حتى يُعلن ان الشخص اصبح "طاهرا" مرة اخرى.
. في بعض الاحيان "طاهر" يستخدم مجازيا للاشارة الى نقاء فكري.

اقتراحات الترجمة . هذا اللفظ ممكن ان يترجم بالكلمة المشتركة مع "نظيف" او "نقي"

طرسوس

طرسوس هي مدينة مزدهرة تقع في المقاطعة الرومانية سيسيليا, و هي حاليا جنوب وسط تركيا. . تقع طرسوس على امتداد نهر كبير و البحر الابيض المتوسط الذي يجعل منها طريقا تجاريا مهما. . في فترة معينة من التاريخ كانت طرسوس عاصمة مدينة سيسيليا. . في العهد الجديد, طرسوس تعتبر اكثر شهرة بأنها المدينة التي ينحدر منها الرسول بولس.

طعن

اللفظ "طعن" يعني ان يغرز شيء ما بواسطة الة حادة و مدببة. و يستخدم هذا اللفظ ايضا مجازيا للاشارة الى التسبب لشخص ما في آلام عاطفية عميقة. . طعن الجندي جنب يسوع عندما كان معلقا على الصليب. . في عصور الكتاب المقدس, تثقب اذن العبد الحر كعلامة على انه اختار ان يستمر في خدمة سيده. . تكلم سمعان بصورة مجازية عندما اخبر مريم ان سيفا سوف يخترق قلبها, بمعنى انها سوف تختبر الحزن العميق بسبب ما سوف يحدث لابنها يسوع.

طلاق

هو عقد قانوني لانهاء الزواج. اللفظ "يطلق" يعني الافتراق الرسمي والقانوني عن شريكه قصد انهاء الزواج. . المعنى الحرفي للكلمة "يطلق" هي " ارساله بعيدا" او " يفترق عن بطريقة رسمية". بعض اللغات ممكن تحتوي على تعبيرات مشابهة تشير الى الطلاق. . " شهادة الطلاق" ممكن ان تترجم ب, "وثيقة تبين ان الزواج قد انتهى".

طلب, سعى

اللفظ "طلب" يعني البحث عن شيء او شخص ما. صيغة الماضي "سعى" قد تعني ايضا "حاول جاهدا" او "بذل جهدا" لفعل شيء ما. . ان "يطلب" او "يبحث عن" فرصة يعني ان "يحاول ان يجد وقتا" لفعل اشياء خاصة. . ان "يطلب الرب" يعني "ان يبذل الوقت و الجهد ليعرف الرب و يتعلم ان يطيعه". . ان "يطلب الحماية" يعني ان "يحاول ايجاد شخص او مكان يكون فيه امنا من الخطر". . ان "يطلب العدل" يعني ان "يبذل جهدا ليرى الناس يعاملون بعدل و انصاف". . ان "يطلب الحق" يعني ان يبذل جهدا ليجد الحقيقة الكاملة". . ان "يطلب معروفا" يعني ان "يحاول الحصول على معروف" او " ان يقوم بأشياء تجعل شخصا يساعده".

طهّر, طاهر, تطهير

ان يكون "طاهرا" يعني ان يكون بلا عيب و غير ممتزج بأي شيء ليس من المفترض ان يكون فيه. ان يطهر شيء ما هو ان ينظفه و ينزع منه اي شيء يدنسه او يلوثه. . بالنظر الى شرائع العهد القديم, "طاهر" و "تطهير" يشير الى التنظيف من الاشياء التي تجعل من الشخص او الشيء غير طاهر طقسيا, مثل المرض, الافرازات الجسدية, الولادة. . يحتوي ايضا العهد القديم على شرائع تدل الناس على كيفية التطهر من الخطية, غالبا من خلال الذبائح الحيوانية. و قد كانت ذبائح مؤقتة كان يجب ان تقدم تكرارا و مرارا. . في العهد الجديد, ان يكون طاهرا عادة ما يشير الى كونه طاهرا من الخطية. . الطريقة الوحيدة التي يمكن للناس ان يصبحوا بها طاهرين بشكل كلي من الخطية هي من الخلال التوبة و قبول الغفران من الله, من خلال الايمان بيسوع المسيح و بذبيحته الكفارية.

اقتراحات الترجمة . اللفظ "طاهر" يمكن ان يترجم ب "يجعله نقي" او "ينظف" او "يطهر من الدنس" او "يتخلص من كل خطية". . عبارة مثل, "عندما تنتهي ايام التطهير" يمكن ان يترجم ب, "عندما يطهرون انفسهم بإنهاء عدد الايام المطلوب". . العبارة, "يقدم تطهيرا للخطايا" يمكن ان تترجم ب, "يقدم طريقة للناس لكي يكونوا طاهرين بشكل نهائي من الخطية". . طرق اخرى لترجمة "تطهير"يمكن ان تشمل, "تنقية" او "غسل روحي" او "يصبح نقي طقسيا".

طوفان

اللفظ "طوفان" حرفيا تشير الى كمية كبيرة من المياة التي تغطي الارض كليا. . هذا اللفظ ممكن ان يستخدم مجازيا للاشارة الى كمية ساحقة من شيء ما, و خاصة شيء ما وقع فجأة. . في زمن النبي نوح, اصبح الناس اشرار جدا فأرسل الله طوفانا على كل سطح الارض, حتى غمر قمم الجبال. و هلك كل شخص لم يكن داخل الفلك مع نوح. و كل طوفان حصل بعد ذلك كان يغطي جزء اقل من مساحة الارض. .هذا اللفظ ممكن ان يكون فعل مثل في, "و تغطت الارض بمياه النهر".

اقتراحات الترجمة

. طرق لترجمة المعنى الحرفي ل "طوفان" ممكن ان تشمل, "فيضان مياه" او "فيضان كبير للمياه". . المقارنة المجازية, "مثل طوفان" يمكن ترك اللفظ الحرفي, او كلمة بديلة ممكن ان تستخدم للاشارة الى شيء ما له جانب يتدفق اليه, مثل النهر. . بالنسبة للتعبير "كأنه طوفان مياه" دائما عندما تذكر المياه, الكلمة "طوفان" ممكن ان تترجم ب "كمية ساحقة" او "غامرة". .هذا اللفظ ممكن ان يستخدم كإستعارة مثل, "لا تترك الطوفان يغمرني" الذي يعني "لا تترك هذه المصائب الغامرة تحدث لي" او "لا تتركني ادمر بهذا الخراب" او "لا تترك ملاكك يدمرني".

ظالم, بدون وجه حق, ظلم

اللفظين "ظالم" و "بدون وجه حق" يشيران الى معاملة الاخرين بعدم انصاف, عادة بطريقة ضارة. . "الظلم" هو شيء يفعل لشخص ما و هو لا يستحقه. انه يشير الى معاملة الاشخاص بعدم عدالة. . الظلم يعني ايضا ان بعض الناس يعاملون معاملة سيئة بينما يعامل الاخرون معاملة جيدة. . الشخص الذي يسلك بطريقة ظالمة هو شخص "متحيز" او "متحامل" لانه لا يعامل الناس بتساو.

اقتراحات الترجمة . على حسب السياق, "ظالم" يمكن ان يترجم ب, "غير منصف" او "متحيز" او "غير عادل". . العبارة "الظالم" يمكن ان تترجم ب, "الشخص الغير عادل" او "الاشخاص الذين يعاملون الاخرين بعدم انصاف" او "اشخاص غير عادلون" او "اشخاص يعصون الله". . اللفظ "بدون وجه حق" يمكن ان تترجم ب, "بطريقة غير منصفة" او "خاطئا" او "غير منصف". . طرق لترجمة "ظلم" يمكن ان تشمل, "معاملة خاطئة" او "معاملة غير منصفة" او "التصرف بعدم انصاف".

ظل

الكلمة "ظل" لغويا تشير الى الظلام التي يحدث من طرف شيء يحجب الضوء. و له العديد من المعاني الرمزية. . "ظل الموت" يعني ان الموت حاضر او وشيك, مثل الظل الذي يعلن وجود الشيء الصادر عنه. . في كثير من المرات في الكتاب المقدس, حياة الكائنات البشرية تقارن بالظل, الذي لا يكون طويل المدى و ليس له جوهر. . احيانا "ظل" يستخدم ككلمة اخرى ل "ظلام". . يتكلم الكتاب المقدس عن الاحتماء و الاختباء تحت ظل اجنحة او يدي الله. و هي صورة عن الحماية و الاختباء من الخطر. طرق اخرى لترجمة "ظل" في هذه السياقات قد تشمل "مظلة" او "حماية" او "سلامة". . من الافضل ترجمة "ظل" حرفيا بإستخدام اللفظ المحلي الذي يشير الى الظل الفعلي.

ظلام

اللفظ "ظلام" حرفيا يعني غياب الضوء. و هناك العديد من المعاني المجازية لهذا اللفظ. . كإستعارة, "ظلام" يعني "غير "طاهر" او "شرير" او "عمى روحي". . و هو يشير ايضا الى كل شيء له علاقة بالخطية و الفساد الاخلاقي. . التعبير, "قوات الظلام" يشير الى كل ماهو شر و مملوك من الشيطان. . اللفظ "ظلام" ممكن ان يستخدم ايضا كإستعارة للموت, ( انظر: استعارة . الله نور (صلاح) و الظلام (شر) لا يدرك النور. . مكان العقاب لهؤلاء الذين يرفضون الله يُشار له في بعض الاحيان ب "الظلام الخارجي".

اقتراحات الترجمة . من الافضل ترجمة هذا اللفظ حرفيا, بكلمة في اللغة المستهدفة للترجمة و التي تشير الى غياب النور. و من الممكن ان يكون بلفظ يشير الى ظلام الغرفة بدون نور او بوقت النهار الذي لم يسد فيه الظلام بعد. . للاستخدام الرمزي, انه من المهم ان نحافظ على صورة الظلام مقابل النور, كطريقة لوصف الشر و الظلال مقابل الخير و الحق. . على حسب السياق, طرق اخرى لترجمة هذا ممكن ان تشمل, " ظلام الليل".

ظلم, أساء, إساءة

ان "يظلم" شخصا ما يعني ان يعامل هذا الشخص معاملة غير عادلة و غير شريفة. . اللفظ "أساء"يعني ان يتصرف بشكل سيء او بقسوة تجاه شخص ما, و يسبب لهذا الشخص الاذي الجسدي او العاطفي. . اللفظ "إساءة" اكثر شمولية و يعني "ان يسبب لشخص ما الضرر و بطريقة ما". عادة ما يحمل معنى "ضرر جسدي". . على حسب السياق, قد تترجم هذه الالفاظ ايضا ب, "يسيء ل" او "يعامل بظلم" او "يسبب الضرر ل" او "بعامل بطريقة سيئة" او "يضر".

ظلمَ, ظلمٌ, ظالم

الالفاظ "ظلم" و "ظلمٌ" تشير الى معاملة الناس بقسوة. "الظالم" هو الشخص الذي يظلم الناس. . اللفظ "ظلمٌ" يشير خاصة الى الوضع الذي يسيء فيه اشخاص من ذوي النفوذ او يستعبدون اشخاصا تحت سلطتهم او حكمهم. . اللفظ "مظلوم" يصف الذين تتم معاملتهم بقسوة. . عادة ما يتعرض شعب اسرائيل الى الظلم من طرف امم الاعداء و حكامهم.

اقتراحات الترجمة . على حسب السياق, "يظلم" يمكن ان تترجم ب, "يعامل بقسوة" او "يجعله مثقلا بالاعباء" او "يضعه تحت عبودية مزرية" او "يحكم بقسوة". . طرق لترجمة "المظلومين" قد تشمل, "قمع قاسي و عبودية" او "سيطرة مرهقة". . العبارة "المظلومين" يمكن ان تترجم ب "اناس مظلومين" او "اناس تحت عبودية قاسية" او " الذين يتم معاملتهم بقسوة". . اللفظ "ظالم" يمكن ان يترجم ب "الشخص الذي يظلم" او "الامة التي تسيطر و تحكم بقسوة" او " مضطهِد".

عائلة

اللفظ "عائلة" يشير الى مجموعة من الناس الذين تربطهم رابطة الدم و الذين هم عادة الاب, الام, و اولادهم. وهي ايضا تشمل أقارب آخرون مثل الاجداد, الاحفاد, الاعمام و الاخوال والعمات و الخالات. . العائلة العبرية هي جماعة دينية تحافظ على التقاليد عبر العبادة و التعاليم. . عادة الاب له السلطة العليا في العائلة. . العائلة تشمل ايضا الخدم, المحظيات, و حتى الاجانب. . بعض اللغات تحتوي على كلمة اكثر شمولية مثل "عشيرة" او "اهل البيت" التي تكون مناسبة اكثر في السياقات التي تشير الى اكثر من الآباء و الابناء. . اللفظ "عائلة" يستخدم ايضا للاشارة الى الناس الذين تربطهم رابطة روحية, مثل الاشخاص الذين هم جزء من عائلة الله لاتهم يؤمنون بيسوع.

عاتب

البفظ"عاتب" يعني التحذير بشدة أو تقديم النصيحة لشخص ما .

. عادة " عاتب " تعني تقديم النصيحة لشخص ما لكي لا يقوم بشيء ما . . في جسد المسيح , يتم تعليم المؤمنين أن يعاتبوا بعضهم البعض لتجنب الخطية و لكي يعيشوا حياة مقدسة . . المصطلح " عاتب" ممكن أن يترجم ب, " التشجيع على تجنب الخطية" .

عاد

اللفظ "عاد" يعني ان يرجع او ان يجعل شيئا ما يعود. . "يعود الى" شيء ما يعني ان يبدأ بفعل هذا النشاط مجددا. . عندما عاد بنو اسرائيل الى عبادة الاوثان, هذا يعني انهم ابتدأوا في عبادتها مجددا. . و عندما عادوا الى الرب, فهذا يعني انهم تابوا و اصبحوا يعبدون الرب مجددا. . إعادة الارض او الاشياء التي تم الحصول عليها او استلامها من طرف شخص آخر تعني إعادة تلك الممتلكات الى الشخص الذي تنتمي إليه. . اللفظ "عاد" يمكن ان يترجم ب, "يرجع" او "يستعيد" او "يبدأ مجددا في فعل".

عادل, عدالة, بعدل

هذه الالفاظ تشير الى معاملة الناس بإنصاف على حسب احكام الله. المعايير الانسانية التي تعكس معيار الله في السلوك الصحيح تجاه الاخرين هي ايضا قوانين عادلة. . ان يكون "عادلا" هي ان يسلك بطريقة منصفة وعادلة اتجاه الاخرين. انه يدل ايضا على الامانة و النزاهة في عمل ما هو صالح اخلاقي في عيني الله. . السلوك ب "عدل" يعني ان يعامل الناس بطريقة صحيحة, و جيدة و طاهرة بالنسبة لاحكام الله. . الحصول على "العدالة" تعني ان يُعامل بإنصاف وفقا للقانون, اما ان يكون محميا من طرف القانون او ان يعاقب لكسره القانون. . احيانا اللفظ "عادل" يكون له معنى اوسع ل "صالح" او "يتبع شرائع الله".

اقتراحات الترجمة

. على حسب السياق, طرق اخرى لترجمة "عادل" ممكن ان تشمل, "الحق الاخلاقي" او "منصف". . اللفظ "عدالة" ممكن ان تترجم ب, "المعاملة بإنصاف" او "عواقب مستحقة". . ان يتصرف "بعدل" ممكن ان تترجم ب, "يعامل بإنصاف" او "السلوك بطريقة عادلة". . في بعض السياقات, "عادل" ممكن ان تترجم ب, "صالح" او "مستقيم".

عار, مخز

اللفظ "عار" يشير الى فقدان الشرف و الاحترام. . عندما يفعل الشخص شيء ما خاطيء, فهذا ممكن ان يسبب له حالة من العار او الاهانة. . اللفظ "مخز" يستخدم لوصف الفعل الخاطيء او الشخص الذي قام به. . في بعض الاحيان الشخص الذي يعمل اعمال جيدة يُعامل بطريقة تسبب له العار او الخزي. . على سبيل المثال, عندما مات يسوع على الصليب, كانت تلك طريقة مهينة للموت. لم يعمل يسوع اي شيء خاطيء لكي يستحق هذا العار. . طرق ترجمة "عار" ممكن ان تشمل "مخز"او "غير مشرف".

عاقب, عقاب

اللفظ "عاقب" يقصد به ان يسبب لشخص الالم كنتيجة سلبية لقيامه بفعل خاطيء. اللفظ "عقاب" يشير الى العواقب السلبية التي تأتي كنتيجة لسلوك خاطيء. . عادة ما يعد العقاب وسيلة لدفع الشخص للتوقف عن ارتكاب الخطية. . عاقب الله بني اسرائيل عندما تمردوا عليه, و خصوصا عندما عبدوا الاوثان. بسبب خطيئتهم, سمح الله لاعدائهم بالهجوم عليهم و سبيهم. . الله عادل و صالح, لهذا يعاقب على الخطية. جميع البشر اخطأوا ضد الله و هم يستحقون العقاب. . اخذ يسوع عقاب كل الاشياء الشريرة التي قام بها كل انسان. انه تحمل العقاب عن الجميع رغم انه لم يفعل اي خطيئة و لا يستحق العقاب. . التعبير "ذهب دون عقاب" و "غادر دون عقاب" يعني انه يقرر عدم معاقبتهم على خطاياهم التي ارتكبوها. عادة ما يسمح الله للخطيئة بالمرور دون عقاب و هو ينتظر ان يتوب الناس.

عاقر

ان يكون "عاقر" يعني ان لا يكون خصب او مثمر. . تربة او ارض عقيمة هي الغير قادرة على انتاج اي نبات. . المرأة العاقر هي تلك الغير قادرة جسديا على حمل او انجاب طفل. اقتراحات الترجمة . عندما تشير "عقيم" الى ارض, ممكن ان تترجم ب "غير خصبة" او "غير مثمرة" او " بدون نباتات". . عندما تشير الى امرأة عاقر, ممكن ان تترجم ب "بدون اولاد" او " غير قادرة على انجاب الاولاد" او " غير قادرة على الحمل بطفل".

عالم, دنيوي

اللفظ "عالم" عادة ما يشير الى جزء من الكون الذي يعيش فيه الناس: الارض. اللفظ "دنيوي" يصف القيم و السلوكات الشريرة للناس الذين يعيشون في هذا العالم. . في معاني اخرى اكثر شمولية, اللفظ "عالم" يشير الى السماوات و الارض, وكل شيء فيهما. . في بعض السياقات, " عالم" يعني, "الناس في العالم". . احيانا ما يتضمن ان هذا يشير الى الناس الاشرار على الارض او هؤلاء الذين لا يطيعون الله. . استخدم الرسل كذلك "عالم" للاشارة الى السلوكات الانانية و القيم الفاسدة للناس الذين يعيشون في هذا العالم. قد يشمل هذا ممارسات البر الديني الذاتي الذي يرتكز على المجهودات البشرية. . الاشخاص و الاشياء الذين يتصفون بهذه القيم يقال عنهم "دنيوي".

اقتراحات الترجمة . على حسب السياق, "عالم" قد تترجم ب, "كون" او "اهل هذا العالم" او "الاشياء الفاسدة في العالم" او "السلوك الشرير لاهل هذا العالم". . العبارة "كل هذا العالم" عادة تعني "الكثير من الناس" و تشير الى الناس الذين يعيشون في بعض المناطق. على سبيل المثال, "كل العالم جاء الى مصر" قد تترجم ب, "الكثير من الناس من البلدان المحيطة جاؤوا الى مصر" او "اناس من كل البلدان المجاورة لمصر قد جاؤوا هناك". . طريقة اخرى لترجمة "ذهب الجميع ليكتتبوا, كل واحد الى مدينته حسب الاكتتاب الروماني" قد تكون, "الكثير من الناس الساكنين في المناطق التي تحكمها الامبراطورية الرومانية يذهبون..." . على حسب السياق, اللفظ "دنيوي" قد يترجم ب, "شرير" او "خاطيء" او "غير صالح" او "فاسد" او "متأثر بالقيم الفاسدة لاهل هذا العالم". . العبارة "قولوا هذه الاشياء في العالم" يمكن ان تترجم ب, "يعيش وسط اهل هذا العالم" او "العيش وسط اناس غير صالحين".

عاموس

عاموس هو نبي من بني اسرائيل عاش في فترة حكم ملك يهوذا حوزيا . . قبل ان يدعى ليكون نبي, كان عاموس في الاصل راعي جميز عاش في مملكة يهوذا. . تنبأ عاموس ضد مملكة اسرائيل الشمالية المزدهرة فيما يتعلق بالمعاملة الظالمة التي تعامل بها الناس.

عاي

في فترة العهد القديم, عاي كان الاسم لمدينة كنعانية تقع جنوب بيت ايل و على بعد 8 كلم شمال شرق اريحا.

. بعد سقوط اريحا, قاد يشوع الاسرائيليين في هجوم على عاي. و لكنهم انكسروا بسهولة لان الرب لم يكن راضيا عنهم. . واحد من بني اسرائيل اسمه عخان سرق من النهب في اريحا فكان امر الرب ان يقتل هو و عائلته. و بعدها اعان الله بني اسرائيل للانتصار على شعب عاي.

عبء

العبء هو حمولة ثقيلة.حرفيا يشير الى الحمل المادي مثل عمل حيوان يحمل. اللفظ "عبء" له كذلك العديد من الاستخدامات المجازية: . العبء ممكن ان يشير الى مهمة صعبة او مسؤولية هامة التي يتوجب على شخص انجازها. يقال انه "يحمل" او "حمل عبء ثقيل". . قائد قاسي ممكن ان يضع احمال ثقيلة على الناس الذين يقودهم, مثلا بإجبارهم على دفع كميات كبيرة من الضرائب. .الشخص الذي لا يريد ان يشكل عبئا لشخص ما هو الذي لا يسبب اي مشكلة للشخص الاخر. . الذنب الذي يحس به شخص ما بسبب خطيئته هو عبء عليه. . " عبء الرب" هو تعبير مجازي للاشارة الى "رسالة من الرب" الواجب على النبي ان يوصلها لشعب الرب. . اللفظ "عبء" ممكن ان يترجم ب, "مسؤولية" او "مهمة" او "حمل ثقيل" او "رسالة", على حسب السياق.

عبادة

ان "يعبد" يعني ان يمدح, يسبح و يطيع شخصا ما, و خصوصا الله. . عادة ما يعني هذا اللفظ حرفيا, "يسجد" او "يحني نفسه"" بتواضع ليكرم شخصا ما. . نعبد الله عندما نخمه و نكرمه, بتسبيحه و طاعته. . عندما عبد بنو اسرائيل الله, عادة ما يتضمن ذلك تقديم الذبائح الحيوانية على المذبح. . بعض الشعوب تعبد آلهة مزيفة.

اقتراحات الترجمة . اللفظ "عبادة" يمكن ان يترجم ب "سجود" او "يكرم و يخدم" او "يكرم و يطيع". . في بعض السياقات, قد يترجم ايضا ب "يسبح بتواضع" او "يقدم الشرف و الثناء".

عبراني

" العبرانيين" هم الشعب الذي جاء من نسل ابراهيم عن طريق اسحاق ويعقوب. كان ابراهيم هو اول شخص في الكتاب المقدس الذي دعي "عبراني". . اللفظ "عبراني" كذلك يشير الى اللغة التي يتكلم بها الشعب العبراني". كتب العهد القديم في الاصل باللغة العبرانية. . في اماكن مختلفة من الكتاب المقدس, دعي العبرانيين ايضا "الشعب اليهودي" او "الاسرائيليون". من الافضل الحفاظ على كل هذه الالفاظ مثلما هي في سياقها الاصلي في النص, طالما انه من الواضح ان هذه الالفاظ تشير الى شعب معين.

عتبة

اللفظ "عتبة" يشير الى الجزء السفلي من المدخل او جزء البناية الذي يكون خارج الباب مباشرة. . احيانا تكون العتبة شريط من الخشب او الصخر الذي يجب صعوده بهدف الدخول الى الغرفة. . كل من البوابة و مدخل الخيمة يمكن ان يكون لهما عتبة. . يجب ترجمة هذا اللفظ بلفظ من اللغة المستهدفة و الذي يشير الى المكان عند مدخل البيت الذي يخطو فوقه الشخص. . اذا لم يكن هناك لفظ لهذا, "عتبة" يمكن ان تترجم ب, "مدخل" او "كوة" او "طريق المدخل". على حسب السياق.

عثليا

عثليا كانت الزوجة الشريرة ليهورام ملك يهوذا. و هي حفيدة الملك الشرير عمري ملك اسرائيل. . احزيا ابن عثليا اصبح ملكا بعد ان مات يهورام. . و عندما توفي ابنها احزيا, وضعت عثليا خطة لقتل كل بقية العائلة الحاكمة. . لكن حفيدها الشاب يوآش خبأته عمته و انقدته من القتل. و اصبح فيما بعد ملكا على يهوذا.

عجل البحر

اللفظ "عجل البحر" يشير الى حيوان بحري ضخم يتغذى على عشب البحر و بعض النباتات الاخرى التي تتواجد في قاع المحيط. . عجل البحر ذو لون رمادي و جلد سميك. ينتقل في الماء بواسطة الزعانف. . كانت تستخدم جلود عجل البحر خلال عصور الكتاب المقدس في صناعة الخيام. استخدمت جلود هذا الحيوان للتغطية في خيمة الاجتماع. . سمي "عجل البحر" بهذا الاسم المستعار لانه يأكل العشب مثل الابقار, و لكنهما لا يتشابهان في اوجه اخرى. . حيوانات ذات صلة هي "البطريق" و "خروف البحر".

عجلة

العجلة هي انثى الناضجة للبقرة و التي لم تلد بعد.

عدن, جنة عدن

في الازمنة الغابرة, كانت عدن هي المنطقة التي تقع فيها جنة عدن التي وضع الله فيها اول رجل و امراة ليعيشا هناك. . الجنة الذي عاش فيها ادم و حواء هي فقط جزء من عدن. . الموقع بالتحديد في منطقة عدن ليس معروفا, لكن نهري دجلة و الفرات كانا يتخللانها. . الكلمة "عدن" تأتي من الكلمة العبرية التي تعني "لنستمتع به".

عذاب

اللفظ "عذاب" يشير الى معاناة رهيبة. ان يعذب شخصا ما يعني ان يسبب لشخص ما الالم, عادة بطريقة قاسية. . احيانا اللفظ "عذاب" يشير الى الألم و المعاناة الجسدية. على سبيل المثال, يصف سفر الرؤيا العذاب الجسدي الذي سوف يتألم به عبدة الوحش في نهاية الازمنة. . قد تأخذ المعاناة أيضا شكل الالم الروحي و العاطفي مثلما اختبره أيوب. . بالارتباط بسفر الرؤيا, كل الذين لم يؤمنوا بالمسيح كمخلص لهم سوف يختبرون العذاب الابدي في بحيرة النار. . يمكن ان يترجم هذا اللفظ ب, "معاناة رهيبة" او "يسبب لشخص ان يتألم بشدة" او "كرب". قد يضيف بعض المترجمين "جسدي" او "روحي" لتوضيح المعنى.

عذراء

العذراء هي المرأة التي لم تكن لها اي علاقة جنسية. . قال النبي اشعياء ان المسيح سوف يولد من امرأة عذراء. . كانت مريم عذراء لما حبلت بيسوع. الذي لم يكن له اب بشري. . قد يكون لبعض اللغات لفظ بطريقة مهذبة للاشارة الى عذراء.

عرافة,عراف, عيافة, رائي

الالفاظ "عرافة" و "عيافة" تشير الى ممارسة محاولة الحصول على معلومات من طرف الارواح في العالم الفوق طبيعي. الشخص الذي يفعل هذا يسمى في بعض الاحيان ال "عرّاف" او "رائي". . في زمن العهد القديم, أمر الله من بني اسرائيل ان لا يمارسوا العرافة و العيافة. . سمح الله لشعبه بمعرفة المعلومات بإستخدام الاوريم و التميم, التي هي عبارة عن حجارة تستخدم من طرف رئيس الكهنة لهذا السبب. و لكنه لم يسمح لشعبه لطلب المعلومات بمساعدة الارواح الشريرة. . العرافون الوثنيون يستخدمون طرق مختلفة لمحاولة الحصول على معلومات من طرف الارواح الشريرة في العالم. و في بعض الاحيان بفحص الاحشاء الداخلية للحيوان الميت او بإلقاء عظام الحيوان على الارض, باحثين عن رسومات يفسرونها على انها رسائل من طرف الهتهم الوثنية الكاذبة. . في العهد الجديد, يسوع وكذلك الرسل رفضوا العِرافة, السحر, الشعوذة, الدجل. كل هذه الممارسات تتضمن استخدام قوى شيطانية و سوف يُحكم عليها من طرف الله. .

عربة

في العهد القديم اللفظ "عربة" غالبا ما يشير الى صحراء واسعة جدا و منطقة السهول التي تشمل الوادي المحيط بنهر الاردن و التي تمتد جنوبا الى الطرف الشمالي من البحر الاحمر. . سافر بني اسرائيل عبر هذه المنطقة الصحراوية في رحلتهم من مصر الى ارض الموعد في كنعان . . " بحر العربة" ممكن كذلك ان تترجم ب, "البحر الواقع في منطقة صحراء العربة" هذا البحر غالبا ما يشار اليه ب " بحر الملح" او " البحر الميت". . اللفظ "عربة" ممكن ان يشير بصفة عامة الى اي منطقة صحراوية.

عربية, عربي

العربية هي اكبر شبه جزيرة في العالم, تغطي مساحة 3,000,000 كلم مربع. و تقع جنوب اسرائيل, ويحدها البحر الاحمر, وبحر العرب, والخليج الفارسي. . اللفظ "عربي" يستعمل للاشارة الى الى شخص يعيش في العربية او الى شيء له علاقة بالعربية. . اول الناس الذين عاشوا في العربية كانوا احفاد سام. اخرون سكنوا في العربية بما فيهم اسماعيل ابن ابراهيم و ذريته, و كذلك ذرية عيسو. . المنطقة الصحراوية التي تاه فيها الاسرائيليون لمدة 40 سنة تقع في العربية. . بعد اصبح مؤمن بالمسيح, الرسول بولس قضى بعض السنوات في العربية. . في رسالته الى اهل كورنتوس و غلاطية, بولس اشار الى ان جبل سيناء يقع في العربية.

عرش

العرش هو كرسي معد خصيصا يجلس عليه الملك ليقرر مسائل هامة و ليستمع الى طلبات شعبه. . العرش ايضا هو رمز للسلطة و القوة التي يملكها الملك. . الكلمة "عرش" عادة ما تستخدم استخداما رمزيا للاشارة الى الملك, مملكته, قوته. . في الكتاب المقدس, عادة ما يصور الله على انه ملك جالس على عرشه. وُصف يسوع بأنه جالس على يمين عرش الله الآب. . قال يسوع ان السماء هي عرش الله, قد تكون طريقة ترجمة هذا ب, "المكان الذي يحكم فيه كملك".

عروس

العروس هي المرأة في مراسم حفل الزواج التي سوف تتزوج من زوجها, العريس. . اللفظ "عروس" يستخدم كتشبيه للمؤمنين بيسوع, الكنيسة. . يسوع هو تشبيهيا يسمى ال "عريس" للكنيسة.

عزاء, معزي

اللفظ "عزاء" و "معزي" يشير الى مساعدة شخص ما يعاني معاناة جسدية او معاناة عاطفية. . الشخص الذي يعزي شخص آخر يسمى "المعزي". . في العهد القديم, اللفظ "يعزي" يستخدم ليصف كيف ان الله يهتم و يحب شعبه و يساعدهم عندما يعانون. .في العهد الجديد, يقول ان الله سوف يعزي شعبه من خلال الروح القدس. و الاشخاص الذين تحصلوا على تعزية يكون بإمكانهم تقديم التعزية للاخرين الذين يعانون. . التعبير "معزي اسرائيل" يشير الى المسيا الذي سوف يأتي لكي يخلص شعبه. . اشار يسوع الى الروح القدس ك "المعزي" الذي يساعد المؤمنون بيسوع.

اقتراحات الترجمة . على حسب السياق, " يعزي" ممكن ان تترجم كذلك ب, "يخفف الالم على" او "يساعد".

عزرا

عزرا هو كاهن يهودي و خبير في الشريعة اليهودية الذي سجل تاريخ رجوع بني اسرائيل الى اورشليم من بابل التي سبي إليها اسرائيل لمدة 70 سنة. . سجل عزرا الجزء الخاص به من تاريخ اسرائيل في سفر عزرا في الكتاب المقدس. و قد يكون كتب ايضا سفر نحميا, لانه في الاصل كان هذان الكتاب كتاب واحد. . عندما عاد عزرا الى اورشليم اعاد تأسيس الشريعة, لان الاسرائيليين توقفوا عن طاعة شريعة السبت و تزوجوا من نساء اجنبيات تمارسن عبادات غريبة. . ساعد عزرا ايضا في بناء الهيكل الذي دُمر من طرف البابليين عندما استولوا على اورشليم. . هناك رجلين اخرين اسمهما عزرا ذُكرا في العهد القديم.

عزريا

عزريا كان اسم للعديد من الرجال في العهد القديم. . احدهم عزريا المعروف اكثر باسمه البابلي, عبد ناغو. كان واحد من العديد من بني اسرائيل الساكنين في يهوذا الذين قبض عليهم جيش نبوخذناصر و اخذوا للعيش في بابل. عزريا واتباعه الاسرائيليين حننيا وميخائيل رفضوا عبادة الملك البابلي, اذا قاموا برميهم في اتون النار كعقاب لهم. لكن الله حماهم و لم يصبهم اي ضرر. . عزيا ملك يهوذا كان يعرف كذلك ب "عزريا". . في زمن النبي ارميا. رجل اسمه عزريا حث بني اسرائيل عن طريق الخطأ على عصيان الله بمغادرة وطنهم.

عزيّا, عزريا

اصبح عزيا ملكا على يهوذا عندما بلغ 16 من عمره و ملك لمدة 52 سنة, و التي كانت فترة طويلة من الحكم. يعرف عزيا ايضا ب "عزريا". . ما يعرف اكثر عن عزيا جيشه المنظم و الماهر. كان لديه ابراج بنيت لحماية المدينة كانت قد صممت خصيصا لالقاء السهام و الحجارة الكبيرة اثناء الحرب. . كلما كان عزيا يخدم الله, كان يزدهر. و مع ذلك و بالنظر الى نهاية حياته, فقد اصبح متكبرا و قد عصي الله بإحراقه البخور في الهيكل, الامر الذي لا يسمح به الا للكاهن. . بسبب خطيئته, مرض عزيا بالبرص و كان عليه ان يبقى منعزلا عن الاخرين حتى نهاية فترة ملكه.

عشاء الرب

اللفظ "عشاء الرب" استخدم من طرف الرسول بولس للاشارة الى عشاء الفصح الذي تناوله يسوع مع تلاميذه في الليلة التي قبض فيها عليه من طرف قادة اليهود. . خلال هذه الوجبة, كسّر يسوع خبز الفصح الى قطع سماه جسده الذي قريبا سيضرب و يموت. . و دعى كأس الخمر دمه, الذي قريبا سيسكب عندما يموت ذبيحة على الخطية. . امر يسوع تلاميذه ان يتشاركوا مع بعضهم في هذه الوجبة في كل مرة يجتمعون فيها لكي يتذكروا موته و قيامته. . في رسالته الى اهل كورنتوس, الرسول بولس, رسّخ عشاء الرب كممارسة منتظمة للمؤمنين بالمسيح. .الكنائس اليوم عادة ما تستخدم اللفظ "الشركة" للاشارة الى عشاء الرب. يستخدم ايضا اللفظ "العشاء الاخير" في بعض الاحيان.

اقتراحات الترجمة

. هذا اللفظ ممكن ان يترجم ب, "وجبة الرب" او "وجبة ربنا يسوع" او "الوجبة التي تقام لذكرى الرب يسوع".

عشائر بني اسرائيل الاثني عشر

اللفظ, "عشائر بني اسرائيل الاثني عشر" يشير الى ابناء يعقوب الاثني عشرو ذرياتهم . . يعقوب هو الابن البكر لابراهيم . فيما بعد غير الله اسم يعقوب الى اسرائيل, . هذه اسماء العشائر: رأوبين , شمعون , لاويء , يهوذا , دان , نفتالي , جاد , اشير, يساكر , زبولون , يوسف و بنيامين . . ذرية لاويء لم ترث اي ارض في كنعان لانها كانت عشيرة الكهنة المفرزة لخدمة الله و شعبه . . يوسف اخذ نصيب مضاعف من ميراث الارض , حيث كان من نصيب ابنيه الاثنين , افرايم و منسى . . يوجد في العديد من المواضع في الكتاب المقدس قائمة بالعشائر الاثني عشر مع اختلاف طفيف . في بعض الاحيان , لاويء , يوسف , او دان اسماؤهم محذوفة من القائمة و في احيان اخرى ابناء يوسف كليهما افرايم و منسى موجودة ضمن القائمة .

عشور, عشر

اللفظان "عشور" و "عشر" يشيران الى "عشرة بالمئة" او "جزء واحد من عشرة اجزاء" من مقدار من المال, الحبوب, الماشية, او ممتلكات تقدم لله. . في العهد القديم, امر الله بني اسرائيل بتنحية جزء من ما يملكون لتقديمه له كتقدمة شكر . . تستخدم هذه التقدمة لدعم عشيرة لاوي التي تقوم بخدمة بني اسرائيل في الكهنوت و الاهتمام بالخيمة والهيكل فيما بعد. . في العهد الجديد, لم يطلب الله من المؤمنين اعطاء العشر, و لكن بدلا من ذلك امر المؤمنين بمساعدة المحتاجين بكل كرم و سخاء و دعم الخدمات المسيحية. . قد يترجم هذا ايضا ب "عشر" او "واحد من عشرة".

عشيرة

العشيرة هي مجموعة من الناس الذين ينحدرون من سلف مشترك. . الناس من نفس العشيرة غالبا ما يتشاركون لغة و ثقافة مشتركة. . في العهد القديم, قسم الله شعب اسرائيل الى اثني عشرة عشيرة. كل عشيرة منحدرة من احد ابناء او احفاد يعقوب. . العشيرة اقل من الامة, و لكنها اكبر من القبيلة.

عشيرة

اللفظ "عشيرة" يشير الى مجموعة ممتدة من افراد عائلة منحدرة من سلف مشترك. . في العهد القديم, احصي بنو اسرائيل على حسب عشائرهم, او مجموعات عائلات. . من الطبيعي ان تسمى العشيرة على اسم السلف الاكثر شهرة. . الاشخاص المنفردين في بعض الاحيان يشار إليهم بإسم عشيرتهم. مثال على هذا يثرون حمو موسى في بعض الاحيان يدعى بإسم عشيرته, راعوئيل. . عشيرة ممكن ان تترجم ب "مجموعة العائلة" او " العائلة الممتدة" او " أقارب".

عصا

اللفظ "عصا" يشير الى اداة تشبه القضيب ضيقة, و صلبة, تستخدم بطرق مختلفة. قد يكون طولها اقل من المتر. . كانت العصا الخشبية يستخدم من طرف الراعي للدفاع عن الخراف من خطر الحيوانات الاخرى. و كذلك يتم إلقاؤها لجذب الخروف الضال و اعادته الى القطيع. . في المزمور 23, استخدم الملك داود اللفظين, "عصا" و "عكاز" كإستعارة للاشارة الى ارشاد الله و تأديبه لشعبه. . تستخدم عصا الراعي ايضا لحساب الخراف عند مرورهم اسفلها. . تعبير مستعار اخر, "عصا من حديد", يشير الى عقاب الله للذين تمردوا ضده و عملوا اشياء شريرة. . في العصور القديمة, كانت تصنع عصا القياس من المعدن, الخشب, او الصخر و تستخدم لقياس اطوال المباني او الاشياء. . في الكتاب المقدس, يشار ايضا للعصا الخشبية كأداة لتأديب الاطفال.

عصا

العصا عبارة عن عكاز او قضيب خشبي طويل, عادة ما يستخدم كعكاز للمشي. . عندما كان يعقوب مسنا, استخدم العصا لتساعده على المشي. . حوّل الله عصا موسى الى حية ليظهر قوته لفرعون. . يستخدم الرعاة ايضا العصا لتساعدهم على ارشاد الخراف, او لإنقاذها عندما تسقط او تضيع. . عصا الراعي لها عقف في نهايتها, و التي تختلف عن عكاز الراعي, الذي يكون مستقيما و يستخدم لقتل الحيوانات المفترسة التي تحاول مهاجمة الخراف.

عصى, عاص, عصيان

اللفظ "عصى" يعني ان لا يطيع اوامر وتعليمات شخص ما في موضع سلطة. الشخص الذي يفعل هذا يصبح "عاص". . الشخص الذي يعمل في بعض الاحيان الاشياء الي طُلب منه ان لا يفعلها فهو عاص. . ان يعصي ايضا يعني ان يرفض فعل الاشياء المطلوب فعلها. . اللفظ "متمرد" يستخدم ايضا لوصف شخصية ما عادة ما يعصي او يتمرد. هذا يعني انه خاطيء او شرير. . اللفظ "عصيان" يعني "فعل عدم الطاعة" او "السلوك ضد ما يريده الله". . "الشعب المتمرد" ممكن ان تترجم ب "الشعب الذي استمر في عدم الطاعة" او "الشعب الذي لا يعمل ما امر به الله".

عضو

اللفظ "عضو" يشير الى جزء واحد من جسم مركب او من مجموعة. . يصف العهد الجديد المؤمنين بالمسيح ك "اعضاء" في جسد المسيح. ينتمي المؤمنون بالمسيح الى جماعة مكونة من العديد من الاعضاء. . يسوع المسيح هو "الرأس" لهذا الجسد و و المؤمنون كل على حدى يشكلون اعضاء لهذا الجسد. يعطي الروح القدس لكل عضو من الجسد دور خاص لمساعدة بقية الجسد على العمل بطريقة جيدة. . الافراد الذين يشاركون في مجموعات مثل المجلس اليهودي, الفريسيين يدعون ايضا "اعضاء" في هذه المجموعات.

عظمة

اللفظ "جلالة" يشير الى العظمة و الروعة, غالبا بالارتباط بمميزات الملك. . في الكتاب المقدس, "جلالة" غالبا ما يشيرالى عظمة الله, الملك العظيم على كل الكون. . "جلالتك" هي طريقة لمخاطبة الملك.

اقتراحات الترجمة

. هذا اللفظ يمكن ان يترجم ب, "عظمة ملكية" او "روعة ملكية". . "جلالتك" ممكن ان يترجم احيانا مثل "سموك" او "سيادتك" او بإستخدام الطريقة الطبيعية المستخدمة في مخاطبة الحاكم في اللغة المستهدفة.

عظّمَ

اللفظ "عظّمَ" ان نجعل شيئا ما او شخصا ما عظيم او ان يلفت الانتباه الى عظمة شخص ما. . عندما يستخدم في الكتاب المقدس, اللفظ "عظّم" تشيرعادة الى تعظيم الملك او الله نفسه. . عندما يعظم الشخص نفسه, هذا يعني انه يتكبر و يحاول ان يجعل نفسه يبدو اكثر اهمية من الاخرين.

اقتراحات الترجمة

. طرق اخرى لترجمة "عظّم" ممكن ان تشمل, "ان يظهر كم هو عظيم".

عقرون

عقرون هي المدينة الرئيسية لفلسطين, تقع على بعد تسعة اميال من البحر الابيض المتوسط. . هيكل الاله المزيف بعل زبوب كان يقع في عقرون. . عندما استولى الفلسطينيون على ثابوت العهد, اخذوه الى اشدود, ثم الى جث و عقرون لان الله سبب امراض وموت في كل مدينة كان يدخل اليها ثابوت العهد. في الاخير ارسل الفلسطينيون ثابوت العهد الى اسرائيل. . عندما

عقيدة

الكلمة "عقيدة" تعني حرفيا "تعليم". و هي غالبا ما تشير الى تعليم ديني. . في سياق التعاليم المسيحية, "عقيدة" تشير الى كل التعاليم المختصة بالله الآب, الابن, الروح القدس - المتضمنة كل صفاته الشخصية و كل ما يفعله. . ايضا تشير الى كل الاشياء المختصة بالله و التعاليم المسيحية عن كيفية العيش حياة مقدسة تمجد الله. . الكلمة "عقيدة" تستخدم في بعض الاحيان للاشارة الى التعاليم الدينية الدنيوية و الخاطئة التي تأتي من عند البشر. السياق يجعل المعنى اكثر وضوحا. . هذا اللفظ ممكن ان يترجم ب "تعليم".

علامة, دليل, تذكير

العلامة هي شيء, حدث, او فعل ينقل معنى خاص. . العلامات يمكن ان تذكرنا بشيء وُعد به. . جعل الله قوس قزح في السماء كعلامة ليذكر الناس انه لن يفني كل كائن حي بالطوفن العظيم. . امر الله بني اسرائيل لن يختتنوا في قلفة غرلتهم كعلامة على عهده معهم. . يمكن للعلامة ان تكشف او تحدد شيئا ما. . اعطي الملاك للرعاة علامة من شأنها ان تساعدهم على معرفة اي طفل حديث الولادة في بيت لحم هو المسيح المنتظر. . قبّل يهوذا يسوع كعلامة لرجال الدين اليهود تدلهم على ان يسوع هو المطلوب القبض عليه. . قد تكون العلامات دليلا على ان شيء ما صحيح. . المعجزات التي تمت على يد الانبياء و الرسل هي علامات تثبت انهم يتكلمون بكلام الله. . المعجزات التي عملها يسوع هي علامات تثبت انه هو المسيح حقا.

اقتراحات الترجمة . على حسب السياق, "علامة" يمكن ان تترجم ب "اشارة" او "رمز" او "بصمة" او "دليل" او "برهان" او "إيماء". . ان "يعمل اشارة بالايدي" يمكن ان تترجم ايضا "حركة باليد" او "يلوح بيده" او "يجعل ايماءات". . في بعض اللغات, قد تحتوي على كلمة ل "علامة" التي تثبت شيئا ما و كلمة اخرى ل "علامة" التي يقصد بها معجزة.

علق

اللفظ "علق" يعني تعليق شيئا ما او شخص ما فوق الارض. . الموت شنقا ينفذ عادة باستخدام عقدة حبل المشنقة الذي بربط حول رقبة الشخص و يعلق على شيء مرتفع, مثل غصن الشجرة. قتل يهوذا نفسه شنقا. . مات يسوع بالتعليق على خشبة الصليب الذي تم بطريقة مختلفة: علقه الجنود بتسمير يديه (او معصميه) و رجليه على الصليب. . ان يعلق شخص ما يشير دائما الى طريقة قتل شخص ما بتعليقه بواسطة حبل يربط حول رقبته.

علم سابق, معرفة سابقة

اللفظين "معرفة سابقة" و "علم سابق" تأتي من الفعل, "يعلم سابقا" الذي يعني معرفة شيئا ما قبل حدوثه. . الله غير محدود بالزمن. انه يعلم كل شيء حدث في الماضي, ويحدث في الحاضر, وسوف يحدث في المستقبل. . يستخدم هذا اللفظ عادة في سياق الاشارة الى علم الله السابق بمن سوف يخلص بقبوله يسوع مخلصا.

اقتراحات الترجمة

. اللفظ "علم سابق" ممكن ان تترجم ب, "يعلم قبل" او " علم سابق لوقته" او "يعرف سلفا" او "سابق العلم". . اللفظ "سابق العلم "ممكن ان تترجم ب, "معرفة سابقة" او "معرفة سابقة لوقتها" او "علم سابق" او "معرفة من قبل".

علّم, تعليم, معلم, يعلّم

اللفظان "يعلّم" و "تعليم" يشيران الى اخبار الاخرين بمعلومات لم يعرفوها من قبل. غالبا ما تقدم هذه المعلومات بطريقة رسمية او منهجية. . "المعلم" هو الشخص الذي يعلم. الفعل الماضي ل "يعلم" هو "علّم". . عندما كان يسوع يعلم, كان يشرح اشياء عن الله و عن ملكوته. . تلاميذ يسوع يدعونه "معلم" كأسلوب مهذب لمخاطبة الشخص الذي يعلم الناس امورا عن الله. . المعلومات التي يتم تعليمها يمكن ان تكون معروضة او شفهية. . اللفظ "عقيدة" يشير الى مجموعة من التعاليم من عند الله عن ذاته تماما مثل وصية الله عن كيفية العيش. قد يترجم هذا ايضا ب "تعليم من عند الله" او "ما يعلمه الله لنا". . العبارة "ما تعلمته" قد تترجم ب, "ما علمك اياه هؤلاء الاشخاص" او "ما علمك الله اياه", على حسب السياق. . طرق اخرى لترجمة "يعلم" قد تشمل "يقول" او "يشرح" او " يرشد".
. عادة هذا اللفظ يمكن ان يترجم ب "تعليم الاخرين بخصوص الله".

عماليق, العمالقة

العمالقة كانوا مجموعة من البدو الرحل الذين عاشوا في الجزء الشمالي من كنعان, من النجف الى بلاد العربية. انحدرت جماعة هذا الشعب من عماليق, الابن البكر لعيسو. . العمالقة هم الد الاعداء لشعب اسرائيل منذ ان رجع بنو اسرائيل للعيش في كنعان. .احيانا اللفظ "عماليق" يستعمل بيانيا للاشارة الى كل العمالقة. (انظر ايضا: . في احد المعارك ضد العمالقة, عندما كان موسى يرفع يديه, يغلب بنو اسرائيل. و عندما يصيبه التعب و تنزل يداه, يبدأ بنو اسرائيل بالخسران. لذا كان هارون و حور يساعدان موسى لتبقى يداه مرفوعتان الى ان تغلب بنو اسرائيل على العمالقة. . كل من الملك شاول و الملك داود قادا حملات عسكرية ضد العمالقة. . بعد ان انتصر شاول في معركة ضد العمالقة, عصى شاول امر الرب بأن احتفظ ببعض الغنائم و لم يقتل ملك عماليق الشيء الذي امره الرب ان يعمله.

عمر

المصلح "عمر" يشير الى عدد السنوات التي عاشها شخص ما. و هو كذلك يستعمل الى الاشارة بصفة عامة الى مدة زمنية.

. كلمات اخرى تستعمل للتعبير عن امتداد فترة من الزمن تشمل, "عصر" و "موسم". . يسوع اشار ب "هذا الزمن" الى الوقت الحالي عندما الشيطان, الخطية, و عدم الطاعة يملء الارض. . و ستكون هناك ازمنة مستقبلية عندما يسود البر على كل من السماء الجديدة و الارض الجديدة.

اقتراحات الترجمة

. حسب السياق, المصطلح "عمر" ممكن ان يترجم كذلك ب, "عصر" او " عدد سنوات العمر" او "فترة زمنية" او "وقت". . العبارة, "في سن الشيخوخة" ممكن ان تترجم ب, "عند سنوات العمر الكثيرة" او " عندما كان مسن" او " بعدما عاش زمنا طويلا جدا". . العبارة, "هذا يشير الى زمن الشيطان" تعني, "خلال هذا الزمن مثل الان عندما يكون الناس اشرار جدا".

عمري

عمري هو قائد جيش اصبح سادس ملك لاسرائيل. . حكم الملك عمري لمدة 12 سنة في مدينة ترصة. . مثل كل ملوك اسرائيل الذين سبقوه, عمري كان شريرا جدا و قاد شعب اسرائيل الى التوغل في عبادة الاوثان. . عمري هو ايضا ابو الملك احاب.

عمل, عامل

اللفظ "عمل" يشير الى القيام بعمل شاق من اي نوع. . بصفة عامة. عمل هو اي مهمة يُبذل فيها جهد. و عادة ما تكون هذه المهمة صعبة. . العامل هو الشخص الذي يقوم بأي نوع من العمل. . بالانجليزية, الكلمة "عمل" تستخدم ايضا لجزء من عملية الولادة. و قد يكون مختلف تماما عن هذا في لغات اخرى. . طرق ترجمة "عمل" ممكن ان تشمل. "شغل" او "عمل شاق" او "عمل صعب" او "ان يعمل بجد".

عملاق

العملاق يشير عادة الى الشخص الذي يكون على غير العادة كبيرا في الحجم و القوة. . جليات, الجندي الفلسطيني الذي حارب داود, دعي عملاقا لانه كان طويلا جدا, كبير الحجم, و رجل قوي. . الاسرائيليون الذين تجسسوا ارض كنعان قالوا ان الشعب الساكن هناك هم مثل العمالقة.

عمورة

عمورة هي مدينة تقع في واد خصب قرب عمورة المكان الذي اختاره لوط ابن اخو ابراهيم ليسكن فيه. .الموقع بالتدقيق لكل من سدوم وعمورة غير معروف, و لكن هناك بعض العلامات التي تبين انه من الممكن ان يكون موقعهما جنوب بحر الملح مباشرة, قرب وادي السديم. . كان هناك الكثير من الملوك خلال الحرب في المنطقة التي تقع فيها سدوم وعمورة. . عندما اُخذ لوط و عائلته للسبي في الموقعة بين سدوم و مدن اخرى, قام ابراهيم ورجاله بتحريره. . لم يمض وقت طويل على هذا دمّر الله سدوم وعمورة بسبب خطايا الشعب الساكن هناك.

عمون, عمونيون, عمونية

ان " شعب عمون" او " العمونيون" كانوا جماعة من الناس في كنعان. و هم منحدرون من بن عمي, الذي كان ابن لوط من ابنته الصغرى. . اللفظ "عمونية" مرتبط بالخصوص بالانثى العمونية. ممكن ان تترجم كذلك ب, " المرأة العمونية". . العمونيون عاشوا شرق نهر الاردن و كانوا اعداء لبني اسرائيل. . في احد المواقع, استأجر العمونيون نبي اسمه بلعام لكي يلعن اسرائيل, و لكن الرب لم يسمح له بذلك.

عمّد, معمودية

في العهد الجديد, اللفظ "عمّد" و " المعمودية" تشير عادة الى طقس استحمام المسيحي بالماء لاظهار انه تطهر من الخطية و انه اصبح متحدا بالمسيح. . بالاضافة الى معمودية الماء, الكتاب المقدس يتكلم على "المعمودية بالروح القدس" و "المعمودية بالنار". . اللفظ "معمودية" يستعمل كذلك في الكتاب المقدس للاشارة الى المرور بمعاناة كبيرة. اقتراحات الترجمة . المسيحيون لهم اراء مختلفة حول كيفية تعميد الاشخاص بالماء. يكون من الاحسن ترجمة هذا اللفظ بصفة عامة تسمح لمختلف الطرق بتطبيق الماء. . على حسب السياق, اللفظ "عمّد" ممكن ان يترجم ب "تطهير", "يسكب على", او "غطّس".

عنب

هو حبة فاكهة صغيرة, دائرية, ذات بشرة ناعمة تنمو في عناقيد على الكروم. عصير العنب يستخدم لانتاج الخمر. . هناك ألوان مختلفة للعنب, مثل الاخضر الفاتح, البنفسجي, او الاحمر. . حبة العنب ممكن ان تصل الى ثلاثة سنتيمترات طولا. . يغرس الناس العنب في حقول تسمى الكروم. و هي عادة تتكون من صفوف طويلة من الكروم. . كان العنب طعام مهم خلال زمن الكتاب المقدس و امتلاك حقول الكروم كان رمز ثروة. . و لحماية العنب من التعفن. عادة ما يجففه الناس. العنب المجفف يسمى "زبيب" و يصنع منه كعك الزبيب. . ذكر يسوع مثل عن كروم العنب لكي يعلم تلاميذه عن ملكوت الله.

عهد جديد

اللفظ "عهد جديد" يشير الى تعهد و اتفاقية صنعه الله مع شعبه من خلال ذبيحة ابنه, يسوع. . "عهد الله الجديد" يتم شرح مضمونه في جزء الكتاب المقدس الذي يسمى " العهد الجديد". . هذا العهد الجديد في مقابلة العهد "القديم" او "العتيق" الذي صنعه الله مع بني اسرائيل قديما. . العهد الجديد افضل من العهد القديم لانه مؤسس على عمل ذبيحة المسيح, الذي دفع الثمن من اجل خطيئة كل البشرية و الى الابد. ذبائح العهد القديم لا يمكنها فعل ذلك. . كتب الله العهد الجديد على قلوب المؤمنين بيسوع, و هذا يجعلهم يطيعون الله و يعيشون حياة القداسة. . يتحقق العهد الجديد بصفة نهائية عند نهاية الازمنة عندما يثبت الله ملكه على الارض. و يعود كل شيء مرة اخرى جيد جدا, مثلما كان في البدء عندما خلق الله العالم.

اقتراحات الترجمة . اللفظ "عهد جديد" يمكن ترجمته ب, "اتفاق رسمي جديد" او "معاهدة جديدة" او "عقد جديد". . الكلمة "جديد" في هذه التعبيرات تحمل معنى "حديث" او "نوع جديد من" او "اخر".

عوبديا

عوبديا هو نبي من العهد القديم تنبأ ضد شعب ادوم و هم المنحدرون من نسل عيسو. و هناك العديد من الرجال من العهد القديم يحملون اسم عوبديا. . سفر عوبديا في العهد القديم هو اصغر كتاب و يتكلم عن النبوءة التي تلقاها عوبديا من عند الله عن طريق رؤيا. . ليس واضح تماما متى عاش عوبديا و متى تنبأ, قد تكون الفترة التي ملك فيها كل من يهورام, احزيا, يوآش, و عثليا, ملوك يهوذا. الانبياء دانيال, حزقيال, و ارميا هم ايضا تنبأوا في فترة ما خلال هذه المرحلة. . و قد يكون عوبديا عاش في وقت سابق لهذه المرحلة, خلال فترة حكم الملك صدقيا و السبي البابلي. . رجال اخرون يحملون اسم عوبديا احدهم هو حفيد شاول, الجادي الذي اصبح واحدا من رجال داود, مدير قصر الملك آحاب, ضابط في جيش الملك يهوشافاط, رجل ساعد في ترميم الهيكل خلال قترة حكم الملك حوزيا, اللاوي الذي كان ايضا بوابا في الفترة التي عاش فيها نحميا. . من المحتمل ان يكون عوبديا كاتب سفر عوبديا هو احد هؤلاء الرجال.

عود, قيثارة

العود و القيثارة هما آلتان موسيقيتان, وتريتان, صغيراتان, كانت تستخدم لتقديم العبادة لله من طرف بني اسرائيل. . تبدو القيثارة مثل قيثار صغير ذو اطار مفتوح موصول بالاوتار. . العود يشبه كثيرا في وقتنا الحالي القيتار الصوتي, يصدر صوتا من خلال صندوق خشبي و عنق تمتد عليه اوتار. . للعزف على العود او القيتارة, تضغط بعض الاوتار عن طريق اصابع يد بينما يتم شد او تحريك بقية الاوتار بأصابع اليد الاخرى. . العود, القيثارة, يعزف على كلاهما من خلال شد و تحريك الاوتار. . يختلف عدد الاوتار, لكن ذكر العهد القديم ألات لديها عشرة اوتار.

عيب

اللفظ "عيب" يشير الى نقص او خلل جسدي في حيوان او شخص. ممكن ان يشير كذلك الى العيوب الروحية و الخطايا التي في الشعب. . بالنسبة لبعض الذبائح, الله امر الاسرائيليين بتقديم حيوان بلا عيوب او تشوهات. . هذه صورة على ان يسوع المسيح هو الذبيحة الكاملة, بدون اي خطيئة. . المؤمنون بالمسيح اصبحوا طاهرين من خطاياهم بواسطة دمه و هم يعتبرون بدون اي عيب. . طرق ترجمة هذا اللفظ ممكن ان تتضمن, "شائبة" او "عدم كمال" او "خطيئة", على حسب السياق.

عيد

بصفة عامة, العيد هو احتفال يقام من طرف جماعة من الشعب. . الكلمة ل "عيد" في العهد القديم حرفيا تعني "الوقت المعين". . الاعياد التي يحتفل بها بني اسرائيل لها اوقات معينة او مواسم خاصة امرهم الله بحفظها. . في بعض الترجمات الانجليزية, الكلمة "وليمة" تستخدم بدلا من عيد لان الاحتفال يتضمن وجبة كبيرة مشتركة. . هناك العديد من الاعياد الاساسية التي يحتفل بها الاسرائيليون كل سنة: . عيد الفصح . عيد الفطير . عيد باكورة الثمار . عيد الاسابيع ( الخمسين) . عيد الابواق . يوم الكفارة . عيد المظال . هدف هذه الاعياد هو تقديم الشكر لله و التذكير بعجائبه التي فعلها الانقاذ, و الحماية, التي قدمها لشعبه.

عيد الخمسين, عيد الاسابيع

" عيد الاسابيع" هو عيد يهودي يأتي خمسون يوما بعد الفصح. اصبح فيما بعد يسمى ب "الخمسين". . عيد الاسابيع هو سبعة اسابيع (خمسون يوما) بعد عيد الباكورة. في عصر العهد الجديد, سمي هذا العيد ب "الخمسين" كجزء من معناها. . عيد الاسابيع يقام للاحتفال ببداية حصاد المحاصيل. و هو ايضا وقت لتذكر اول مرة اعطى فيها الله الشريعة لبني اسرائيل مكتوبة على لوحين من الحجر عن طريق موسى. . في العهد الجديد, يوم الخمسين له معنى خاص لانه اليوم الذي اعطي فيه الروح القدس بطريقة جديدة للمؤمنين بيسوع.

عيسو

عيسو هو احد الابنين الاثنين لكل من اسحاق ورفقة. هو الابن الذي ولد اولا. اخوه الثاني هو يعقوب. . باع عيسو حقوق بكوريته الى اخيه يعقوب مقابل صحفة من الطعام. . لان عيسو هو الذي ولد اولا, فإن ابوه اسحاق ممن المفروض ان يهبه بركة, لكن يعقوب خدع اسحاق و أخذ البركة. في البداية كان عيسو غاضبا جدا و اراد قتل اخيه يعقوب, لكنه سامحه بعد ذلك. . كان لعيسو العديد من الابناء و الاحفاد, و كونت ذريته شعب كثير العدد سكن في بلاد كنعان.

عيلام

عيلام هو ابن سام و الحفيد الاكبر لنوح. . ذرية عيلام يدعون "عيلاميون" و قد عاشوا في منطقة سميت كذلك "عيلام". . منطقة عيلام كانت تقع الى جنوب شرق نهر دجلة, التي هي حاليا شرق ايران.

عين جدي

عين جدي هو اسم مدينة في برية يهوذا جنوب شرق اورشليم. . عين جدي تقع في الجهة اغربية لبحر الملح. . جزء من اسمها يعني "نافورة", اشارة الى تدفق الماء الذي يجري عبر المدينة ويصب في البحر. . كانت عين جدي معروفة بحقول العنب الجميلة و خصوبة ارضها, ربما بسبب السقي المستمر من نافورة المياه. . كان هناك معاقل في عين جدي تلك التي هرب اليها داود عندما كان الملك شاول يطارده.

غاضب, غضب

ان "يكون غاضبا" او " لديه غضب" يعني ان يكون مستاء جدا, غضب و اضطراب حول شيء ما او ضد شخص ما. . عندما كان الشعب غاضبا, غالبا ما يكون خاطئا و انانيا, لكن هناك نوع من الغضب الصالح الذي يكون ضد الظلم و عدم العدالة. . غضب الله ( يسمى كذلك "غيظ") يعبر عن استياءه العظيم فيما يخص الخطية. . العبارة "يثير الغضب" تعني "يسبب الغضب".

غربلة, غربل

اللفظين "غربلة" و "غربل" يشيران الى فصل البذور عن المواد اغير المرغوب فيها, في الكتاب المقدس, كلا الكلمتين لهما استخدام رمزي للاشارة الى فصل او تقسيم الناس. . "غربلة" تعني فصل البذور عن اجزاء النبات الاخرى عن طريق قذف كل من البذور و القش في الهواء, و ترك الهواء يسحب القش بعيدا. . الكلمة "غربل" تشير الى تذرية الحبوب المدروسة في غربال للتخلص من اي مواد غير موغوب فيها, مثل التراب و الحجارة. . في العهد القديم, "غربلة" و "غربل" يستخدمان بشكل رمزي للاشارة الى الضيق الذي يفصل بين الاشرار و الاخيار. . استخدم يسوع ايضا اللفظ "غربل" بهذه الطريقة الرمزية عندما قال لسمعان بطرس كيف انه هو والتلاميذ الاخرين سوف يمتحنون في ايمانهم. . لترجمة هذين اللفظين, استخدم كلمة او عبارة من اللغة المستهدفة لمشروع الترجمة يشير الى هذه النشاطات, ترجمات ممكن ان تكون, "اهتزاز" او "تذرية" اذا لم تكن الغربلة و يغربل معروفة, و بعدها يمكن لهذين اللفظين ان يترجما بلفظ يشير الى مختلف طرق فصل البذور عن القش او التراب, او بوصف هذه العملية.

غزال, ظبية, وعل, رو, خشف

الغزال هو حيوان كبير, ورشيق, وله اربعة اطراف يعيش في الغابات او في الجبال. الحيوان الذكر له قرون كبيرة على رأسه. . اللفظ "ظبية" يشير الى انثى الغزال و "الخشف" هو صغير الغزال. . اللفظ "وعل" يشير الى ذكر الغزال. . "الرو" هو ذكر النوع المحدد الذي يدعى "انثى الظبي". . تملك الغزالان اطراف قوية و رفيعة, تساعدها على المشي و التسلق بسهولة في اي تضاريس كانت.

غزة

خلال زمن الكتاب المقدس, غزة كانت المدينة الفلسطينية المزدهرة التي تقع بمحاذاة ساحل البحر الابيض المتوسط, على بعد 38 كيلومتر شرق اشدود. و كانت واحدة من المدن الكبرى لفلسطين. . بسبب موقعها, كانت غزة الميناء الرئيسي الذي تجرى فيه المعاملات التجارية بين مختلف الشعوب و الامم. . اليوم, لا تزال غزة ميناء مهم في قطاع غزة, لانها منطقة تقع بمحاذاة ساحل البحر الابيض المتوسط تحيطها اسرائيل من الشمال والشرق, و مصر من الجنوب. . غزة هي المدينة التي اخذ الفلسطينيون شمشون اليها بعد ان قبضوا عليه. . فيليبس المبشر كان يمشي في الطريق الصحراوي المؤدي الى غزة عندما تقابل بالخصي الحبشي.

غطاء الكفارة

اللفظ "غطاء الكفارة" كان بلاطة من الذهب تستعمل لتغطية قمة ثابوت العهد. في العديد من الترجمات الانجليزية, تشير كذلك الى غطاء التكفير. . غطاء الكفارة كان طوله 115سنتيمتر و عرضه 70سنتيمتر. . في اعلى غطاء الكفارة يوجد كروبين ذهبيين تتلامس اجنحتهما. . قال الرب انه سيلتقي مع بني اسرائيل فوق الاجنحة الممدودة للكاروبيم. وحده رئيس الكهنة كان يسمح له بفعل ذلك, كممثل عن الشعب. . في بعض الاحيان غطاء الكفارة يشير الى " كرسي الرحمة" الذي يجعل رحمة الله تنزل لتخلص الكائنات البشرية الخاطئة. اقتراحات الترجمة . طرق اخرى لترجمة هذا اللفظ تستطيع ان تشمل, "غطاء الثابوت اين وعد الله ان يخلص" او "مكان فيه يكفّر الله" او " غطاء الثابوت الذي فيه الله يغفر و يُرجع". . ممكن ايضا ان تعني " مكان الاستعطاف". . قارن هذا اللفظ مع الترجمة التي قمت بها للفظ "كفارة", "استعطاف" و "فداء".

غفر, غفران

ان نغفر لشخص ما يعني ان لا نحمل حقدا ضد الشخص الذي فعل شيء مؤذ. "الغفران" هو فعل الغفران لشخص ما. . الغفران لشخص ما عادة يعني ان لا نعاقب هذا الشخص على شيء خاطيء فعله. . هذا اللفظ ممكن ان يستخدم مجازيا ليقصد به, "إلغاء" كتعبير "يغفر الديون". . عندما يعترف الناس بخطاياهم, يغفر الله لهم بناءا على موت المسيح الكفاري على الصليب. . علم يسوع تلاميذه ان يغفروا للاخرين مثلما غفر هو لهم ذنوبهم.

اقتراحات الترجمة

. على حسب السياق, "غفر" ممكن ان يترجم ب, "سماح" او "إلغاء" او "إعتاق" او "لا يحمل ضد".

غفران

اللفظ "غفران" يعني الصفح و عدم معاقبة شخص من اجل خطيئته. . هذا اللفظ له نفس معنى "مسامحة" و لكن قد يتضمن معنى القرار الرسمي بعدم معاقبة الشخص المذنب. . على حسب الشريعة, يمكن للقاضي ان يغفر لشخص وجد مذنبا بجريمة ما. . رغم اننا كلنا خطاة, ونستحق عقوبة الجحيم, الا ان يسوع المسيح غفر لنا, على اساس موته الكفاري على الصليب.

اقتراحات الترجمة . اذا كانت اللغة المستهدفة تحتوي على كلمة للقرار الرسمي بالغفران, يمكن استخدام هذه الكلمة لترجمة هذا اللفظ. . يمكن ايضا ترجمة هذا اللفظ بنفس الطريقة ل "صفح" و "مسامحة".

غلاطية

في زمن العهد الجديد, غلاطية كانت مقاطعة رومانية كبيرة تقع في وسط ما يعرف حاليا بتركيا. . جزء من غلاطية يحده البحر الاسود من الشمال, و يحدها ايضا مقاطعة اسيا, و بيت عنيا, كبادوكية, سيليسيا, و بمفيلية. . كتب الرسول بولس رسالة الى المسيحيين الذين في مقاطعة غلاطية. هذه الرسالة هي سفر من العهد الجديد تسمى "غلاطية". . لسبب واحد كتب بولس رسالته الى اهل مؤمني غلاطية هو ان يأكد مرة اخرى على ان الخلاص هو بالنعمة, و ليس بالاعمال. . المؤمنون الامميون في غلاطية تم تعليمهم من طرف المسيحيين اليهود انه من الضروري ان يحفظوا بعض التعاليم اليهودية.

غنم, كبش, نعجة

"الغنم" هي حيوانات متوسطة الحجم ذات اربعة اطراف يغطي الصوف كل جسمها. ذكر الاغنام يسمى "كبش" و الانثى تسمى "نعجة". . صغير الاغنام يسمى "حمل". . يأكل الناس لحم الاغنام و يستعملون صوفها لصناعة الملابس و اشياء اخرى. . الاغنام حيوانات وديعة و ضعيفة, و خجولة, و هي تتأثر بسهولة للتجول بعيدا. و تحتاج لراعي لكي يقودها, و يحميها, و يزودها بالاكل, المياه, و يوفر لها المأوى. . في الكتاب المقدس, يقارن الناس بالاغنام و الله هو الراعي بالنسبة لهم.

غيبة

الغيبة هي حالة ذهنية يكون فيها الشخص مستيقظا لكنه لا يدرك ما يحيط به لانه يرى و يختبر شيئا آخر. . في العهد الجديد, يصف هذا اللفظ الحالة الفوق طبيعية للذهن التي كان فيها كل من بطرس و بولس عندما تكلم الله لهم في رؤيا. . في كل مرة اختبر فيها بولس و بطرس حالة الغيبة كانا يصليان. . الله وحده هو القادر ان يسبب حالة الغيبة هذه. . اللفظ "غيبة" هو كلمة تختلف عن كلمة "رؤيا" او "حلم" و يجب ان تترجم بطريقة مختلفة. . التعبير "وقعت عليه غيبة" يعني ان "يكون فجأة في حالة تشبه النوم" و هو مزال متيقظا.

غير مؤمن, عدم ايمان

اللفظ "عدم إيمان" يشير الى عدم تصديق شيء ما او شخص ما. . في الكتاب المقدس, "عدم الايمان" تشير الى عدم تصديق او عدم الثقة في يسوع كمخلص. . الشخص الذي لا يؤمن بيسوع المسيح يسمى "غير مؤمن".

اقتراحات الترجمة . طرق اخرى لترجمة "عدم ايمان" قد تشمل, "قلة ايمان" او "عدم تصديق". . اللفظ "غير مؤمن" قد تترجم ب "الشخص الذي لا يؤمن بيسوع" او "الشخص الذي لا يثق في يسوع المسيح كمخلص".

غير مقدس

لغويا, اللفظ "غير مقدس" يعني "ليس مقدس". ويصف الشخص او الشيء الذي لا يكرم الله. . يستخدم هذا اللفظ ليصف الذين لا يكرمون الله بالتمرد ضده. . الاشياء التي يقال عنها "غير مقدسة" يمكن ان توصف بأنها مدنسة او نجسة. انها لا تنتمي الى الله.

اقتراحات الترجمة . طرق لترجمة هذا اللفظ قد تشمل, "ليس مقدس" او "لا ينتمى الى الله" او "لا يكرم الله" او "ليس إلهي". . في بعض السياقات, "غير مقدس" يمكن ان تترجم ب "نجس".

غير نافع

اللفظ "غير نافع" يعني ليس مفيدا. . حرفيا يعني لا يُستفاد منه شيء او غير مساعد لاي شخص في اي شيء. . شيء غير نافع هو شيء ليس لديه اي اهمية لانه لا يفيد في شيء. . قد يترجم هذا ب"بدون فائدة" او "غير مهم" او "غير مفيد" او "غير جدير" او "غير مربح" او "لا يقدم فائدة".

غيظ, سخط

االغيظ هوغضب شديد يدوم احيانا لفترة طويلة. و هو لفظ يشير بالخصوص الى دينونة الله العادلة للخطية و عقاب هؤلاء الذين تمردوا ضده. . في الكتاب المقدس, "غيظ" عادة ما يشير الى غضب الله تجاه هؤلاء الذين اخطأوا إليه. . "غيظ الله" قد يشير ايضا الى دينونته و عقابه للخطية. . غيظ الله هو قصاص الله العادل لهؤلاء الذين لم يتوبوا عن خطاياهم.

اقتراحات الترجمة . على حسب السياق, طرق اخرى لترجمة هذا اللفظ قد تشمل "غضب شديد" او "دينونة عادلة" او "غضب". . عندما يتعلق الامربغيظ الله, تأكد من ان الكلمة او العبارة التي تم استخدامها لترجمة هذا اللفظ لا تشير الى غضب الخطاة. غيظ الله عادل و مقدس.

فأس

الفأس هو أداة تستعمل لتقطيع او فلق الاشجار او الخشب. . الفأس عادة له مقبض خشبي طويل مع قطعة حديدية عريضة ملتصقة بنهايته. . اذا كانت ثقافتك تحتوي على اداة مشابهة للفأس, اسم هذه الاداة ممكن ان يستعمل لترجمة "فأس". . طرق اخرى لترجمة هذا اللفظ ممكن ان تشمل, "اداة قطع الاشجار" او "اداة خشبية مع شفرة" او "اداة المقبض الطويل لتقطيع الخشب". . في حدث وقع في العهد القديم, رأس الفأس غرقت في النهر, لذلك يكون من الافضل ان الاداة الموضحة كان عندها شفرة بامكانها ان تنتزع من المقبض الخشبي.

فاران

فاران هي الصحراء او منطقة البرية التي تقع شرق مصر و جنوب ارض كنعان. و يقع هناك ايضا جبل فاران, الذي يحمل اسما اخر و هو جبل سيناء. . الخادمة هاجر و ابنها اسماعيل ذهبا للعيش في برية فاران بعدما طلبت سارة من ابراهيم طردهما. . عندما قاد موسى بني اسرائيل خارج مصر, اجتازوا في برية فاران. . من قادش برنيع في برية فاران اين ارسل موسى الجواسيس الاثنى عشر ليتجسسوا ارض كنعان و يقدمون تقريرا عن ذلك. . برية زيف تقع شمال فاران و برية سين تقع جنوب فاران.

فارس, فارسي

فارس هي بلاد و اصبحت ايضا امبراطورية قوية تم تأسيسها من طرف سايروس العظيم خلال 550 قبل الميلاد. تقع بلاد فارس جنوب شرق بابل و اسيا في المنطقة المسماة حاليا ايران. . يدعى اهل فارس ب "الفارسيين". . بواسطة مرسوم من الملك سايروس, تم تحرير اليهود من السبي البابلي و سمح لهم بالرجوع الى الديار, و اعادة بناء الهيكل في اورشليم, بتمويل من الامبراطورية الفارسية. . كان الملك ارتحششتا حاكما على الامبراطورية الفارسية عندما رجع كل من عزرا و نحميا الى اورشليم لاعادة بناء اسوار اورشليم. . اصبحت استير ملكة في االامبراطورية الفارسية عندما تزوجت الملك احشيوروش.

فاسد, فساد

اللفظ "فاسد" و "فساد" هي حالة خراب في شؤون الشعب الذي اصبح غير أخلاقي او غير شريف. . اللفظ "فاسد" حرفيا يعني ان يصبح "معوج" او "مدمر" اخلاقيا. .الشخص الفاسد هو الشخص الذي تحول عن الحق و اصبح يقوم بأشياء غير شريفة و غير أخلاقية. . ان يفسد شخص ما يعني ان يؤثر على هذا الشخص لكي يعمل اشياء غير شريفة و غير اخلاقية.

اقتراحات الترجمة

. اللفظ " يفسد" ممكن ان يترجم ب "يؤثر عليه لفعل الشر" او " يتسبب في جعله غير اخلاقي". . شخص فاسد ممكن ان يوصف على انه شخص "اصبح عديم الاخلاق" او " الذي يفعل الشر". . هذا اللفظ ممكن ان يترجم ايضا ب "سيء" او "عديم الاخلاق" او "شرير". . اللفظ فساد ممكن ان يترجم ب "ممارسة الشر" او "شر" او "غير اخلاقي".

فاسق

اللفظ "فاسق" بصفة عامة يشير الى الاشخاص الذين يعملون اشياء شريرة و مليئة بالخطية. . ممكن ايضا ان يكون لفظ عام للاشخاص الذين لا يطيعون الله. . هذا اللفظ ممكن ان يترجم بإستخدام الكلمة المستخدمة ل "شر" او "شرير", مع الكلمة المستخدمة ل "فعل" او "عمل" او "جعل" شيئا ما.

فجور جنسي

اللفظ "فجور جنسي" يشير الى نشاط جنسي خارج اطار علاقة الزواج بين رجل وامرأة. و هذا ضد خطة الله. الطبعة الانجليزية القديمة للكتاب المقدس تدعو هذا "فحشاء". . هذا اللفظ ممكن ان يشير الى نوع من النشاط الجنسي الذي هو ضد ارادة الله. يشمل الشذوذ الجنسي والاباحية. . نوع من الفجور الجنسي هو الزنا, الذي هو نشاط جنسي على وجه التحديد بين شخص متزوج و شخص اخر هو ليس شريكه. . نوع اخر من الفجور الجنسي هو"البغاء", الذي ينطوي على ان يُدفع لقاء ممارسة الجنس مع شخص ما. . هذا اللفظ يستخدم كذلك مجازيا للاشارة الى خيانة بني اسرائيل لله عندما عبدوا الالهة المزيفة.

اقتراحات الترجمة

. اللفظ "فجور جنسي" ممكن ان يترجم ب "فجور" طالما المعنى الصحيح لهذا اللفظ مفهوم. . طرق اخرى لترجمة هذا اللفظ ممكن ان تشمل, "ممارسات جنسية خاطئة" او "جنس خارج اطار الزواج". . هذا اللفظ يجب ان يترجم بطريقة مختلفة عن لفظ "زنا". . ترجمة هذا اللفظ للاستخدام المجازي توجب ادخال اللفظ حرفيا اذا كان ذلك ممكنا لان هناك مقارنة مشتركة في الكتاب المقدس بين الخيانة لله و الخيانة في العلاقة الجنسية.

فخور, فخر, متفاخر

اللفظين "فخور" و "فخر" تشير الى شخص يفكر كثيرا في نفسه بتعالي, و خصوصا, يعتقد انه افضل من الاخرين. . الشخص الفخور عادة لا يعترف بأخطاءه. انه ليس متواضعا. . يمكن للتفاخر ان يقود الى عصيان الله بطرق اخرى. . اللفظين "فخور" و "فخر" يمكن ان تستخدم بمعنى ايجابي, مثل ان يكون "فخور" بما حققه شخص اخر كأن تكون "فخورا" بأبناءك. هذا التعبير, "نفتخر بعملك" يعنى ان تجد السعادة في انجاز عملك جيدا. . يمكن للشخص ان يكون فخورا بما فعله بدون ان يكون متفاخرا به. بعض اللغات لديها كلمات مختلفة لهذين اللفظين الذان يحملان معنى "فخر". . اللفظ "متفاخر" دائما ما يكون سلبي, يحمل معنى ان يكون "متكبرا" او "مغرورا" او "معتد بنفسه".

فدان آرام

فدان آرام هو اسم المنطقة التي عاش فيها ابراهيم و عائلته قبل ان يرتحلوا من ارض كنعان. ويعني اسمه "سهل آرام". . عندما غادر ابراهيم حاران في فدان ارام لكي يرتحل الى ارض كنعان, بقيت اغلبية عائلته هناك في حاران. . بعد سنوات عديدة, ذهب خادم ابراهيم الى فدان آرام ليبحث عن زوجة لاسحاق من بين اقرباءه هناك و وجد رفقة, البنت الكبرى لبتوئيل. . ابن اسحاق و رفقة ارتحل ايضا الى فدان آرام و تزوج من ابنتي خاله لابان اخو رفقة الذي كان مقيما في حاران. . آرام, فدان آرام, و آرام النهرين كلهم اجزاء من نفس المنطقة التي تقع فيها سوريا حاليا.

فدية

اللفظ "فدية" يشير الى مبلغ من المال او اي مدفوعات اخرى يتم طلبها او دفعها مقابل الافراج عن شخص محتجز. . كفعل, "يفدي" يعني يجعل ثمن او يقدم نفسه ذبيحة ذاتية بهدف تخليص شخص تم احتجازه, كعبد او سجين. معنى "اعادة شراء" هو نفس معنى "فدى". . سلم يسوع نفسه ليموت كفدية ليحرر الخطاة من عبودية الخطية. هذا العمل من الله هو استعادة الناس من خلال دفع ثمن خطاياهم و يسمى في الكتاب المقدس ايضا ب "فداء" .

اقتراحات الترجمة . اللفظ "يفدي" يمكن ان يترجم ب, "ان يدفع من اجل اطلاق سراح" او "ان يدفع لكي يحرر" او "ان يستعيد" شخصا ما. . العبارة "يدفع فدية" يمكن ان يترجم ب "ان يدفع الثمن".

فرح, سعيد

الفرح هو الاحساس بالبهجة و الاكتفاء العميق الذي يأتي من الله. الكلمة ذات الصلة, "سعيد" تصف الشخص الذي يحس بالسرور و سعادة عميقة. . يحس الانسان بالفرح عندما يكون لديه شعور عميق ان ما يختبره هو جيد جدا. . الله فقط هو الذي يعطي الفرح الحقيقي للناس. . ان يفرح ليس متعلقا بالضروف الممتعة. يستطيع الله ان يعطي الفرح لشعبه حتى عندما تحصل الاشياء الصعبة في حياتهم. . في بعض الاحيان توصف الاماكن على انها بهيجة و مثل المنازل او المدن. هذا يعني ان الناس الساكنين هناك يتمتعون بالسعادة.

اقتراحات الترجمة

. اللفظ "فرح" ممكن ان يترجم ايضا ب "سعادة" او "بهجة" او "هناء". . العبارة, "كن فرحا" ممكن ان تترجم ب "افرح" او "كن سعيدا جدا" او بعبارة تحمل معنى, "كن سعيدا جدا في صلاح الله" . الشخص الفرح ممكن ان يوصف ب "سعيد جدا" او " مبتهج" او "سعيد بعمق". . عبارة مثل "اصرخ صرخة الفرح" ممكن ان تترجم ب "اصرخ بطريقة تظهر انك سعيد جدا". . "مدينة بهيجة" او "منزل بهيج"ممكن ان تترجم ب "المدينة التي يسكنها اناس سعداء" او بيت مليء بالناس السعداء" او "مدينة شعبها سعيد جدا".

فرسان

عبر ازمنة الكتاب المقدس, اللفظ "فرسان" يشير الى الرجال الذين يركبون الاحصنة اثناء المعركة. .المحاربون الذين يركبون على الحصان الذي يجر العربة هم كذلك يدعون "فرسان", رغم ان هذا اللفظ يشير عادة الى الرجال الذين يركبون الاحصنة. . يؤمن الاسرائيليون ان استخدام الاحصنة خلال المعركة يجعلهم يركزون على قوتهم بدلا من التركيز على قوة الرب, لهذا لم يستخدموا الكثير من الفرسان. . هذا اللفظ ممكن ان يترجم ب, "راكب حصان" او "رجال على الاحصنة".

فرعون, ملك مصر

في العصور القديمة, كان الملوك الذين يحكمون مصر يدعون فراعنة. . بالاجمال, هناك 300 فرعون حكموا مصر لما يزيد عن 2000 سنة. . ذكر العديد من هؤلاء الفراعنة في الكتاب المقدس. . عادة ما يستخدم هذا اللقب كإسم بدلا من كونه لقبا. في هذه الحالات, يكتب بالحرف الكبير, "فرعون".

فريزي

الفريزيون هم احد الشعوب العديدة في ارض كنعان. لا يعرف عنهم الا القليل مثل كيف كان اباءهم يعيشون في جزء من ارض كنعان. . ذكر الفريزيون اكثر في سفر العهد القديم قضاة, حيث سجل ان الفريزيين دخلوا في زواج مختلط مع الاسرائيليين و كان لهم تأثير على بني اسرائيل في عبادة الاوثان. . ملاحظة تدعى عشيرة فارز, ب "الفاريزيين", و هم شعب اخر يختلف عن الفريزيين. قد يكون من الضروري كتابة الاسمين بشكل مختلف للتوضيح.

فريسة, يفترس

اللفظ "فريسة" يشير الى شيء تم اصطياده, عادة ما يكون الحيوان الذي يستخدم للاكل. . بالمعنى المجازي, "فريسة" يمكن ان تشير الى الشخص الذي يتم الاستفادة منه, او الذي يساء له, او الذي يظلم من طرف شخص اقوى منه. . ان "يفترس" الناس يعنى ان يستفاد منهم عن طريق قمعهم او سرقة اشياء تخصهم. . اللفظ "فريسة" يمكن ايضا ان يترجم ب "اصطاد حيوان" او "طارد شخصا" او "ضحية".

فريسي

كان الفريسيون مجموعة مهمة و ذات سلطة من القادة الدينيين اليهود معاصرين ليسوع. . الكثير منهم تجار من الطبقة المتوسطة و بعضهم كهنة. . من كل قادة اليهود, كان الفريسيون الاكثر صرامة في العمل بشريعة موسى و القوانين و التقاليد اليهودية الاخرى. . و كانوا معنيين اكثر بالحفاظ على الشعب اليهودي منفصلا عن تأثير الامم من حوله. الاسم "فريسي" يأتي من الفعل "فرز". . يؤمن الفريسيون بالحياة بعد الموت, و كذلك بوجود الملائكة و كائنات روحية اخرى. . قاوم الفريسيون و الصدوقيون المسيح و المسيحيين الاوائل بشدة.

فسر, تفسير

اللفظين "فسر" و "تفسير" يشيران الى افهام و شرح المعنى الخاص بشيء غير واضح. . عادة الكتاب المقدس يستخدم هذين اللفظين بالصلة مع تفسير معنى الاحلام و الرؤى. . عندما رأى ملك بابل بعض الاحلام المربكة, ساعد الله دانيال لكي يفسر له معانيها. . "تفسير" الاحلام هو "شرح" لمعنى هذه الاحلام. . في العهد القديم, يستخدم الله في بعض الاحيان الاحلام لكي يعلن للناس الاحداث التي ستحدث في المستقبل. و و تفسير هذه الاحلام يعتبر هو النبوءات. . اللفظ "يفسر" قد تشير ايضا الى استنتاج معنى اشياء اخرى, مثل استنتاج كيف سيكون الطقس على اساس البرودة او الحرارة. هل هو عاصف, و كيف ستكون حالة السماء. . طرق لترجمة هذا اللفظ "يفسر" ممكن ان تشمل, "استنتاج معنى ل" او "يشرح" او "يقدم المعنى ل". . اللفظ "تفسير" ممكن ايضا ان يترجم ب, "شرح" او "معنى".

فصح

ال "فصح" هو اسم لاحد الاعياد الدينية التي يحتفل بها اليهود مرة كل سنة, ليتذكروا كيف خلص الله اجدادهم, بنو اسرائيل من العبودية في مصر. . يأتي اسم هذا العيد من حقيقة ان الله "عبر عن" بيوت بني اسرائيل ولم يقتل ابكارهم في حين قتل كل ابكار المصريين. . يتضمن احتفال الفصح وليمة خاصة لخروف سليم الذي يذبح و يشوى كاملا, ويؤكل مع فطير غير مختمر. تذكرهم هذه الاطعمة بالوجبة التي تناولها بنو اسرائيل في الليلة التي تسبق خروجهم من مصر. . امر الله بني اسرائيل ان يأكلوا هذه الوليمة مرة في السنة ليتذكروا و يحتفلوا بالله الذي "عبر عن" بيوتهم و كيف حررهم من العبودية في مصر.

اقتراحات الترجمة . اللفظ "فصح" يمكن ان يترجم بدمجه مع كلمة "عبر" و "عن" او بدمجه مع كلمة اخرى تحمل نفس المعنى. . قد يكون اوضح اذا استخدم اسم العيد بالارتباط بالكلمات المستخدمة لشرح ما فعله ملاك الرب اثناء عبوره ببيوت بني اسرائيل و تجنب قتل ابناءهم.

فضة

الفضة هي معدن, ثمين لامع, يستخدم لصناعة العملات, الحلي, الاواني, الزخارف. . تتضمن الاواني الكؤوس و الاوعية الفضية, واشياء اخرى تستخدم للطبخ, الاكل, او التقديم. . استخدمت الفضة و الذهب في بناء الهيكل و في الخيمة. صنعت اواني الهيكل في اورشليم من الفضة. . خلال فترات الكتاب المقدس, العملات الفضية و الاوزان الفضية التي كانت متداولة كانت تسمى شاقل. . اخوة يوسف باعوه كعبد بعشرين شاقل من الفضة. . دفعت ثلاثون قطعة من الفضة الى يهوذا ثمنا لخيانته يسوع.

فغور, جبل فغور, بعل فغور

اللفظين "فغور" و "جبل فغور" يشيران الى الجبل الواقع شمال شرق بحر الملح, في منطقة موآب. . الاسم "بيت فغور" هو اسم مدينة, من المرجح انها تقع على هذا الجبل او بالقرب منه. و هو المكان الذي مات فيه موسى بعدما اراه الله ارض الموعد. . "بعل فغور" هو اله وثني عبده الموآبيون في جبل فغور. بدأ بنو اسرائيل ايضا في عبادة هذا الوثن و عاقبهم الله من اجل ذلك.

فكر

اللفظ "فكر" يشير الى الجزء الذي يفكر و يأخذ القرارات. . فكر اي شخص هو جملة افكاره و تحليله للامور. . ان "يكون لنا فكر المسيح" يعني ان نفكر و نفعل مثلما لو كان يسوع ليفكر و يعمل. يعني ان نكون طائعين لله الاب, طائعين لتعليم المسيح, تكون لنا القدرة على فعل هذا من خلال قوة الروح القدس. . ان "يغير تفكيره" يعني يتخذ شخص ما قرار مختلف او يكون له رأي مختلف مما كان عليه سابقا.

اقتراحات الترجمة . اللفظ "فكر" يمكن ترجمته ب, "افكار" او "تفكير" او "فهم". . التعبير, "جعل في فكر" يمكن ان تترجم ب, "تذكر" او "انتبه لهذا" او "تأكد من معرفة هذا". . التعبير, "قلبا, و نفسا, و فكرا" يمكن ان تترجم ب, "ما تحس به, ما تؤمن به, و ما تفكر فيه". . التعبير "ادع الى فكرك" قد تترجم ب, "تذكر" او "فكر في". . التعبير, "غير فكره و ذهب" يمكن ان تترجم ب, "قرر بطريقة مختلفة" او "قرر الذهاب بعد كل هذا" او "غير رأيه و ذهب".

فلسطين

الاسم فلسطين هو اسم لمنطقة كبيرة من ارض كنعان, تقع على طول ساحل البحر الابيض المتوسط. . كانت المنطقة تقع على طول السهول الساحلية الخصبة و التي تمتد من يافا في الشمال الى غزة في الجنوب. ب 64 كلم طولا و 16 كلم عرضا. . كانت فلسطين محتلة من طرف "الفلسطينيين",شعب قوي و كان دائم العداء لبني اسرائيل.

فلسطينيون

الفلسطينيون هم شعب احتل المنطقة المعروفة بإسم فلسطين الممتدة على طول ساحل البحر الابيض المتوسط. معنى الاسم "شعب البحر". . هناك خمس مدن فلسطينية مهمة: اشدود, اشقلون, عقرون, جث, و غزة. . مدينة اشدود تقع في الجزء الشمالي لفلسطين, و مدينة غزة تقع في الجزء الجنوبي. . اكثر ما يعرف عن الفلسطينيين انهم كانوا لسنوات كثيرة في حرب مع بني اسرائيل. . القاضي شمشون كان محاربا مشهورا ضد الفلسطينيين, و لديه قوة فوق طبيعية من عند الله. . قاد الملك داود حروبا ضد الفلسطينيين, حتى عندما كان شابا هزم المحارب الفلسطيني, جليات.

فناء, ساحة

اللفظين "فناء" و "ساحة" يشيران الى منطقة مغلقة مفتوحة على السماء و محاطة بجدران. اللفظ "ساحة" يشيرأيضا الى المكان الذي يصدر فيه القضاة احكامهم حول المسائل القانونية والجرائم. . خيمة الاجتماع كانت محاطة بفناء الذي كان مطوقا بستائر قماشية سميكة. . كان يحتوي الهيكل على ثلاثة ساحات داخلية: واحدة للكهنة, واحدة لليهود الذكور, و واحدة للنساء اليهود. . هذه الساحات الداخلية كانت محاطة بجدار منخفض من الحجارة التي تفصلهم عن الفناء الخارجي الذي يسمح فيه بالعبادة للاممين. . فناء المنزل هو منطقة مقتوحة في وسط المنزل. . العبارة "بلاط الملك" ممكن ان يشير الى هذا المكان او الى مكان في القصر الذي تقام فيه المحاكمات. . التعبير, "مساكن الرب" هو طريقة تشبيهية للاشارة الى مكان سكنى الرب او الى المكان الذي يعبد فيه الناس الرب.

اقتراحات الترجمة

. اللفظ " فناء" ممكن ان يترجم ب "فضاء مغلق" او "جدران على الارض" او "ارض الخيمة" او "سياج الخيمة". . في بعض الاحيان اللفظ "خيمة" يحتاج ان يترجم ب "فناء الخيمة" او "مجمع الهيكل" و بهذا يكون واضح ان الساحات اصبحت لا تشير الى مبنى الهيكل. . التعبير, "مساكن الرب" ممكن ان تترجم ب "المكان الذي يسكن فيه الرب" او "المكان الذي تقدم فيه العبادة للرب". . اللفظ الذي يستخدم لبلاط الملك ممكن ايضا ان يستخدم للاشارة الى مسكن الرب.

فهد

الفهد هو حيوان بري كبير شبيه بالقط لونه بني عليه بقع سوداء. . الفهد هو نوع من الحيوان الذي يفترس الحيوانات الاخرى ويأكلها. . في الكتاب المقدس, الكارثة المفاجئة تشبه بالفهد, الذي ينقض فجأة على فريسته. . النبي دانيال و الرسول يوحنا تكلما عن رؤى رأوا فيها حيوان يشبه الفهد.

فهِم, فهم

اللفظ "فهم" يعني ان يسمع و يتلقى معلومات و يعرف ماذا تعني. . اللفظ "فهم" قد يشير الى "معرفة" او "حكمة" او تحقيق كيفية عمل شيء ما. . ان يفهم شخص ما يمكن ان يعني ايضا معرفة كيف يحس الشخص. . عندما كانا يسيران في طريق عمواس, جعل يسوع التلميذين يفهمان معنى الكتابات المقدسة الخاصة بالمسيا. . على حسب السياق, اللفظ "فهم" يمكن ان يترجم ب "يعرف" او "يؤمن" او "يدرك" او "يعرف ماذا يعني شيئا ما". . عادة اللفظ "فهم" يمكن ان يترجم ب "معرفة" او "حكمة" او "بصيرة".

فوضوي, فوضى

اللفظ "فوضوي" تصف شخص لايطيع الشرائع او القواعد. عندما تكون دولة او شعب في حالة "فوضى" هذا يعني عصيان واسع, تمرد, او فجور. . الشخص الفوضوي هو عاصي و لا يطيع الله. . كتب الرسول بولس انه في اخر الايام سوف يكون "رجل الفوضى" او "الذي يؤثر عليه إبليس ليفعل اشياء شريرة".

اقتراحات الترجمة

. اللفظ "متمرد" ممكن ان يترجم ب, " متمرد" او "عاصي" او "يتحدي الشريعة". . اللفظ "فوضى" ممكن ان يترجم ب, "لايطيع اي قانون" او "متمرد".

فوطيفار

فوطيفار هو ضابط مهم من ضباط فرعون مصر عاش خلال الفترة التي بيع فيها يوسف كعبد لبعض الاسماعيليين. . اشترى فوطيفار يوسف من عند الاسماعيليين و اقامه ليكون وكيلا على كل بيته. . عندما اتهم يوسف باطلا, اخذ فوطيفار يوسف و وضعه في السجن.

في الاعالي, في الاعلى

اللفظين "في الاعلى" و "في الاعالي" هما تعبيران يقصد بهما عادة, "في السماء". . معنى اخر لهذا التعبير "في الاعالي" يمكن ان يكون, "الاكثر اكراما". . يمكن استخدام هذا التعبير ايضا بشكل حرفي, مثل ما جاء في التعبير, "في اعلى شجرة" الذي يعني "في اطول شجرة". . التعبير, "في الاعالي" قد يشير ايضا ان يكون مرتفعا في السماء, مثل الطيور التي تحلق في الاعالي. في هذا السياق يمكن ترجمتها ب, "عاليا في السماء" او "على قمة اعلى شجرة". . الكلمة "عالي" تدل ايضا على الارتفاع في الموقع او اهمية الشخص او الشيء. . التعبير "الذي من فوق" يمكن ان تترجم ب "من السماء".

في المسيح, في يسوع, في الرب, فيه

العبارة "في المسيح" و الالفاظ المرتبطة بها شير الى الحالة او الضرف في ان يكون في علاقة مع يسوع المسيح من خلال الايمان به. . ألفاظ اخرى مرتبطة بهذا اللفظ تشمل, "في المسيح يسوع, في يسوع المسيح, في الرب يسوع, في الرب يسوع المسيح". . المعنى الممكن لهذا اللفظ, "في المسيح" ممكن ان يشمل, "لأنك تنتمي للمسيح" او "من خلال العلاقة التي لك بالمسيح" او "على اساس ايمانك بالمسيح". . هذه الالفاظ المرتبطة ببعضها لها نفس المعنى و هي ان يكون في حالة ايمان بيسوع و ان يكون تلميذا له. . ملاحظة: احيانا الكلمة "في" مسبوقة بفعل. مثلا, "شارك في المسيح" يعني ان يشارك في "البركات التي تأتي من معرفة المسيح. "يمَجد في" المسيح يعني ان يكون مسرورا و ان يقدم التسبيح لله من اجل المسيح و ما فعله. "يؤمن في" المسيح يعني ان يثق فيه كمخلص و ان يعرفه.

فيليبس, المبشر

في الكنيسة المسيحية المبكرة في اورشليم, كان فيليبس واحدا من سبعة قادة تم اختيارهم للاهتمام بالفقراء و المحتاجين من المؤمنين. و خصوصا الارامل. . استخدم الله فيليبس لمشاركة الاخبار السارة مع اناس من مختلف المدن في مقاطعة يهوذا و الجليل, بما في ذلك الخصي الاثيوبي الذي التقاه في الطريق الصحراوي ما بين غزة و اورشليم. . بعد عدة سنوات سكن فيليبس في قيصرية عندما كان بولس مرافقا له و كان مقيما عنده في بيته و هكذا رجعا الى اورشليم. . اغلبية المدارس الكتابية تعتقد ان فيليبس المبشر ليس هو نفسه رسول المسيح الذي يحمل هذا الاسم. بعض اللغات تفضل استخدام كتابة مختلفة قليلا لاسمي كل من هذين الرحلين لتبين انهما ليسا نفس الشخص.

فيليبس, الرسول

فيليبس الرسول هو واحد من تلاميذ المسيح الاثنى عشر الاولين. و هو من مدينة بيت صيدا. . دعى فيليبس نثنئيل للقاء يسوع. . سأل يسوع فيليبس بخصوص كمية الطعام التي لديهم لاطعام الجموع التي يفوق عددها 5000 الاف شخص. . اثناء عشاء الفصح الاخير, تناول يسوع مع تلاميذه, و كلمهم عن الله, ابوه. سأل فيليبس يسوع ان يريهم الاب. . بعض اللغات تفضل كتابة اسم فيليبس بطريقة مختلفة عن فيليبس ( المبشر) لتجنب الخلط.

فيليبي

فيليبي هي مدينة و مستعمرة رومانية كبيرة تقع في مقدونية في الجزء الشمالي من اليونان القديمة. . سافر بولس و سيلا الى فيليبي للتبشير بالمسيح هناك. . و بينما هما في فيليبي, القي القبض على كل من بولس و سيلا, و لكن الله اطلقهما بطريقة معجزية. . سفر العهد الجديد فيليبي هو رسالة كتبها الرسول بولس للمؤمنين في كنيسة فيليبي. . ملاحظة هناك فرق بينها و بين مدينة قيصرية فيليبس التي تقع في الشمال الشرقي من اسرائيل قرب جبل حرمون.

فينحاس

فينحاس يحمل رجلين من العهد القديم هذا الاسم. . احدهما هو الابن الاكبر لهارون و قد كان كاهنا اسمه فينحاس, و الذي قاوم بشدة عبادة الاوثان في اسرائيل. . انقذ فينحاس بني اسرائيل من الطاعون الذي كان الله مزمعا ان يفشيه لمعاقبة الشعب من اجل زواجهم من النساء المديانيات و عبادة آلهاتهن. . في العديد من المناسبات ذهب فينحاس مع جيش اسرائيل لتدمير المديانيين. . رجل اخر يحمل اسم فينحاس ذكر في العهد القديم, و كان احد الابنين الشريرين لعالي الكاهن في زمن النبي صموئيل. . فينحاس و اخوه حفني قتلا كلاهما عندما هاجم الفلسطينيون اسرائيل و سرقوا ثابوت العهد.

فينيقية

في العصور القديمة, كانت فينيقية امة غنية تقع في كنعان على طول ساحل البحر الابيض المتوسط, شمال اسرائيل. . تمتد فينيقية على مساحة الارض الواقعة في الجزء الشرقي لما يسمى حاليا لبنان. . في زمن العهد الجديد, كانت عاصمة فينيقية تدعى ثير. مدينة اخرى ذات اهمية تدعى صيدون. . اشتهر الفينيقيون بمهارتهم في النجارة مستخدمين اشجار الارز التي تتوفر بكثرة في بلادهم, و بصناعتهم لاصبغة الارجوان الثمينة, و بقدرتهم على التجارة و التنقل عبر البحر. و هم كذلك ذوي مهارات عالية في صناعة القوارب. . واحدة من الكتابات المبكرة تم اختراعها من طرف الفينيقيين. كانت كتابتهم تستخدم على نطاق واسع بسبب اتصالهم بالكثير من الشعوب من خلال التجارة.

فُجار, كفّار, فجور, كفر

اللفظين "فجّار" و "كفّار" يصفان الاشخاص الذين يسلكون في تمرد ضد الله. يسلكون طريق شرير, دون ان يكون الله في تفكيرهم هذا يدعى "فجور" او "كفر". . معنى هذه الكلمات متشابه جدا, و مع ذلك, "كافر" و "كفر" قد تصف الشرط الاقصى لبعض الشعوب او الامم الذين لم يعترفوا ابدا بالله او حقه ليسود عليهم. . نطق الله بالدينونة و العذاب على الاشخاص الفجّار, و على كل شخص رفضه و رفض طرقه.

اقتراحات الترجمة . على حسب السياق, اللفظ"فجّار" يمكن ان تترجم ب, "استياء من الله" او "فاسق" او "عاصي لله". . اللفظين "كافر" و "كفر" لغويا تعني الاشخاص الذيم "بدون الله" او "ليس لديهم فكر الله" او "يسلكون بطريقة لا تعترف بالله". . طرق اخرى لترجمة "فجور" او "كفر" يمكن ان تكون, "شر" او "شرير" او "تمرد ضد الله".

قائد المئة

قائد المئة هو ضابط جيش روماني لديه 100 جندي تحت إمرته. . ممكن ان تترجم ايضا بكلمة تحمل المعنى , " قائد مئة رجل" او "قائد جيش" او "ضابط مكلف بمئة". . قائد مئة روماني جاء الى يسوع ليطلب الشفاء لخادمه المريض. . قائد المئة الذي كان مكلفا بصلب يسوع تعجب عندما شاهد كيف مات يسوع. . ارسل الله قائد مئة الى بطرس حتى يشرح له الاخبار السارة المختصة بيسوع.

قائمتا الباب

"قائمتا الباب" هما العارضتان العموديتان اللتان على جانبي الباب, اللذان تدعمان الجزء العلوي من الباب. . مباشرة قبل لن يساعد الله بني اسرائيل على الخروج من مصر, امرهم ان يذبحوا خروف و يرشوا دمه على قائمتي الباب. . في العهد القديم, العبد الذي يريد ان يخدم سيده بقية حياته يضع اذنه على قائمة الباب لبيت سيده لكي يضع المخرز في اذنه و على قائمة الباب. . هذا ممكن ان يترجم ايضا ب " العارضتان الخشبيتان اللتان على جانب الباب" او "جوانب الاطار الخشبي" او "العوارض الخشبية على جانبي المدخل".

قادة اليهود, السلطات اليهودية, القادة الدينيين

اللفظ "قادة اليهود" او " السلطات اليهودية" تشير الى القادة الدينيين مثل الكهنة و معلمي الشريعة. و لديهم ايضا السلطة للحكم في المسائل الغير دينية. . قادة اليهود هم كبير الكهنة, رئيس الكهنة, الكتبة (معلمي الشريعة). . مجموعتان من قادة اليهود هم الفريسيين و الصدوقيين. . سبعون قائدا من قادة اليهود اجتمعوا مع بعض في المجلس اليهودي في اورشليم لكي يصدروا احكاما بخصوص مسائل من الشريعة. . كثير من قادة اليهود متكبرون و يعتقدون انهم صالحين. كانوا يغارون من يسوع و يطلبون ايذاءه. يدعون انهم يعرفون الله و لكنهم لا يطيعونه. . عادة العبارة "يهود" تشير قادة اليهود, و بالخصوص في السياق الذي فيه هم غاضبون من يسوع و يحاولون الايقاع به او ايذاءه. . هذه الالفاظ ممكن ان تترجم ب "حكام اليهود" او "الرجال الذين يحكمون الشعب اليهودي" او "قادة اليهود الدينيون"

قادش

قادش هي المدينة الكنعانية التي استولى عليها الاسرائيليين عندما دخلوا الى ارض كنعان. . كانت هذه المدينة تقع في الجزء الشمالي من اسرائيل, هذا الجزء من الارض اعطيَ لعشيرة نفتالي. . كانت قادش واحدة من المدن التي تم اختيارها كمكان يعيش فيه اللاوئين, لانهم لم يمتلكوا اي ارض. . و كانت ايضا مفرزة لتكون "مدينة ملجأ".

قادش, قادش برنيع, مريبة قادش

الاسماء قادش, قادش برنيع, و مريبة قادش جميعهم يشيرون الى مدينة مهمة في تاريخ اسرائيل و التي تقع في الجزء الجنوبي من اسرائيل, قرب منطقة ادوم. . مدينة قادش هي عبارة عن واحة, مكان فيه ماء و ارض خصبة في وسط صحراء تدعى سين. . ارسل موسى الجواسيس الاثنى عشر ليستكشفوا ارض كنعان من قادش برنيع. . نزل اسرائيل في قادش اثناء التيه في البرية. . قادش برنيع هو المكان الذي ماتت فيه مريم. . مريبة قادش هو المكان الذي عصى فيه موسى الله و ضرب الصخرة لتخرج ماءا لبني اسرائيل, بدلا من التكلم اليها مثلما امره الله ان يفعل. . الاسم "قادش" يأتي من الكلمة العبرية التي تعني "مقدس" او "مفرز".

قاس, قسوة, قسى

اللفظ "قاس" له العديد من مختلف المعاني على حسب السياق.عادة تصف شيئا صعبا, صلب, او عنيد. . التعبير"قلب قاسي" او "صعب المراس" يشير الى الناس الذين هم بعنادهم غير تائبين.هذه التعبيرات يصف الناس الذين يستمرون في عدم طاعة الله. . التعبيران المجازيان, "قساوة القلب" و "قساوة قلوبهم" ايضا تشير الى العصيان المعاند. . اذا كان شخص ما قلبه "تقسى" هذا يعني ان هذا الشخص يرفض ان يطيع و يستمر غير نادم في عناده. . عندما يستخدم حال, مثل "عمل قاس" او "تجربة قاسية", هذا يعني فعل شيء صعب جدا و مجهد, يبذل فيه جهدا لكي يعمل شيءما بشكل جيد.

اقتراحات الترجمة

. اللفظ "قاس" ممكن ان يترجم كذلك ب "صعب" او "عنيد" و "يتحدى", على حسب السياق. . الالفاظ "قسوة" او "قساوة القلب" او "صعب المراس" ممكن ان تترجم ب "تصلب" او "مستمر في العصيان" او "موقف متمرد" او "العصيان العنيد" او "عناد بدون توبة". . اللفظ "قسّى" ممكن ان يترجم ايضا ب "عناد غير تائب" او "رفض الطاعة". . "لا تقس قلبك" ممكن ان تترجم ب, "لا ترفض التوبة" او "لا تعاند باستمرارك في عدم الطاعة". . طرق اخرى لترجمة "صعب المراس" او "قاسي القلب" ممكن ان تشمل, "عناد عدم طاعة " او "الاستمرار في عدم الطاعة" او "رفض التوبة" او "التمرد الدائم". . في تعبير مثل "عمل قاس" او "تجربة قاسية", اللفظ "قاس" ممكن ان يترجم ب, "بلجاجة" او "بإجتهاد". . التعبير "اضغط بقوة ضد" ممكن ان تترجم ب, "يشق بقوة" او "يدفع بقوة ضد". . "قمع الناس بالعمل الشاق" ممكن ان تترجم ب, "اجبار الناس على عمل شاق يعذبهم" او "جعل الناس يعانون بإجبارهم على القيام بعمل صعب". . نوع مختلف "مخاض صعب" يعبر عن المرأة عند وضع مولودها. انظر الرابط الخاص ب "الام المخاض" ادناه.

قاضي

القاضي هو الشخص الذي يقرر ماهو صحيح و ما هو خاطئ عندما يكون هناك خصام. عادة في المسائل القانونية. . في الكتاب المقدس, يشار عادة الى الله بانه القاضي لانه هو القاضي الكامل الذي يأخذ القرارات النهائية فيما يخص الصواب والخطأ. . بعدما دخل شعب اسرائيل الى ارض الموعد كنعان و قبل ان يكون لديهم ملكا يملك عليهم, عين الله قادة هم "القضاة" لكي يقودونهم في اوقات الاضطرابات. عادة ما يكون هؤلاء القضاة قادة عسكريين الذين يخلصون بني اسرائيل من اعداءهم. . اللفظ "قاضي" ممكن ان يسمى ايضا "صانع القرار" او "قائد" او "محرر" او "حاكم" , على حسب السياق.

قاضي, قضاة

القاضي هو المسؤول المعين للعمل كحاكم و يقرر في المسائل القانونية. . في ازمنة الكتاب المقدس, القاضي ايضا يسوي النزاعات بين الناس. . على حسب السياق, طرق ترجمة هذا اللفظ يمكن ان تشمل ايضا, "القاضي الحاكم" او "الضابط القانوني" او "قائد المدينة".

قانا

قانا هي قرية او مدينة في مقاطعة الجليل, تقع على بعد تسعة اميال شمال الناصرة. . قانا هي مسقط رأس نثنائيل, واحد من الاثنى عشر. . يسوع حضر وليمة العرس في قانا واجرى اول معجزاته عندما حول الماء الى خمر. . بعض الوقت بعد هذا الحدث, رجع يسوع الى قانا والتقى برجل مسؤول هناك من كفرناحوم الذي طلب الشفاء لابنه.

قانون, مبدأ

ال "قانون" هو قاعدة رسمية التي غالبا ما تكون مكتوبة و مدعمة من طرف شخص ذو سلطة. ال "مبدأ" هو قاعدة ارشادية لاتخاذ القرار و السلوك. . كل من "قانون" و "مبدأ" قد تشير الى قاعدة عامة او معتقد يقود سلوك الشخص. . هذا المعنى ل "قانون" يختلف عن معنى اللفظ "شريعة موسى" التي تشير الى الاوامرو التوجيهات التي اعطاها الله لبني اسرائيل. . عندما يشير قانون عام ل, "قانون"ممكن ان يترجم ب "مبدأ" او "قاعدة عامة".

قايين

قايين واخوه الصغير هابيل كانا اول ولدين مذكورين في الكتاب المقدس لآدم و حواء. . كان قايين مزارع ينتج محاصيل زراعية في حين كان هابيل راعي اغنام. . قايين قتل اخوه هابيل في نوبة من الغيرة, لان الله قبل قربان هابيل, و لم يقبل قربان قايين. . و كعقاب, ارسله الله بعيدا عن عدن و قال له بان الارض لن تعود تنتج له المحاصيل فيما بعد. . وضع الله علامة على جبين قايين كاشارة تحميه لكي لا يقتله احد اينما ذهب.

قبر, ضريح, مكان للدفن

اللفظين "قبر" و "ضريح" يشيران الى المكان الذي يضع فيه الناس جسد الشخص الميت. "مكان الدفن" هو لفظ اكثر شمولية يشير ايضا الى نفس المعنى. . يستخدم اليهود احيانا الكهوف الطبيعية كقبور, و احيانا اخرى ينحتون مغاور في الصخور الى جانب التلال. . في عصور العهد الجديد, من الشائع دحرجة حجر كبير و ثقيل على مدخل القبر بهدف اغلاقه. . اذا كان اللفظ "قبر" و "ضريح" يشيران فقط الى الحفرة التي يوضع فيها جسد الميت في الارض, هناك طرق اخرى لترجمة هذا قد تشمل, "كهف" او "حفرة قرب التل". . العبارة "الضريح" عادة ما تستخدم بطريقة رمزية للاشارة الى حالة الموتى او المكان الذي توجد فيه ارواح الموتى.

قبرص

قبرص هي جزيرة في البحر الابيض المتوسط, على بعد 64 كيلومتر جنوب ما يسمى حاليا تركيا. . كان برنابا من قبرص لهذا من المحتمل ان قريبه يوحنا مرقس هو كذلك من قبرص. . بولس وبرنابا وعظا معا في جزيرة قبرص في بداية رحلتهما التبشيرية الاولى. يوحنا مرقس انضم لمساعدتهما في هذه الرحلة. . في ما بعد, برنابا و مرقس زارا قبرص مرة اخرى. . في العهد القديم, ذكرت قبرص على انها مصدر غني بشجر السرو.

قبلة

القبلة هو فعل يقوم فيه شخص بوضع شفاهه على شفاه شخص اخر او وجهه يمكن استخدام هذا اللفظ مجازيا. . في بعض الثقافات تقبيل بعضهم البعض على الخد كنوع من التحية او لقول مع السلامة. . قد تعبر القبلة عن الحب العميق بين شخصين, مثل الزوج و زوجته. . التعبير "قبل شخصا ما توديعا" يعني ان يقول مع السلامة مصحوبة بقبلة. . في بعض الاحيان الكلمة "قبلة" تستخدم لتعني "قول مع السلامة ل". عندما قال اليشع لايليا, "دعنى اولا اذهب لاقبل ابي و امي". هو طلب ان يقول لوالديه مع السلامة قبل ان يتركهما و يتبع ايليا.

قدس, قدس الاقداس

في اكتاب المقدس, اللفظين "القدس" و "قدس الاقداس" يشيران الى جزئين من خيمة الشهادة او بناء الهيكل. . "القدس" هي الغرفة الاولى و تحتوي على مذبح البخور و المائدة وعليها نوع خاص من الخبز هو "خبز الوجوه". . "قدس الاقداس" هي الغرفة الثانية, الداخلية وتحتوي على ثابوت العهد. . ستار سميك و ثقيل يفصل الغرفة الخارجية عن الغرفة الداخلية. . رئيس الكهنة هو الوحيد الذي يسمح له بالدخول الى قدس الاقداس. . في بعض الاحيان "القدس" يشيرالى كل من البناء و مناطق الفناء سواءا في الهيكل او في خيمة الاجتماع. و ممكن ايضا ان تشير بصفة عامة الى اي مكان مخصص لله.

اقتراحات الترجمة

. اللفظ "القدس" ممكن ان تترجم ب, "الغرفة المخصصة لله" او "غرفة خاصة للالتقاء بالله" او "مكان خاص بالله". . اللفظ, "قدس الاقداس" ممكن ان يترجم ب, "الغرفة الاكثر تخصيصا لله" او " الغرفة الخاصة اكثر للالتقاء بالله". . على حسب السياق, طرق ترجمة التعبير العام "القدس" ممكن ان تشمل, "المكان المكرس" او "المكان الذي خصصه الله" او " المكان المقدس الذي في مركب الهيكل" او "فناء هيكل الله المقدس".

قدسٌ

اللفظ "قدس" لغويا يعني "المكان المقدس" و يشير الى المكان الذي جعله الله مقدسا. و يمكن ان يشير ايضا الى المكان الذي يوفر الحماية و الامان. . في العهد القديم, اللفظ "قدس" عادة ما يشير الى خيمة الاجتماع او مبنى الهيكل اين يقع "القدس" و "قدس الاقداس". . يشير الله الى القدس على انه المكان الذي يسكن فيه مع شعبه بني اسرائيل. . و كذلك يدعو نفسه "ملجأ" او مكان آمن اين يجد شعبه الحماية.

اقتراحات الترجمة . لهذا اللفظ معنى اساسي ل "مكان مقدس" او "مكان مخصص". . على حسب السياق, اللفظ "قدس" يمكن ان يترجم ب "مكان مقدس" او "بناء مقدس" او "مكان سكن الله المقدس" او "مكان مقدس للحماية" او "مكان مقدس للامان". . العبارة "شاقل القدس" يمكن ان تترجم ب, "نوع من الشاقل يقدم للخيمة" او "شاقل يستخدم كجزية للاهتمام بالهيكل". . ملاحظة: كن منتبها لكي لا تشير ترجمة هذا اللفظ الى غرفة العبادة الخاصة بالكنيسة في ايامنا هذه.

قدوس, قداسة

اللفظين "قدوس" و "قداسة" يشيران الى صفة الله الذي هو مفرز كليا و منفصل عن اي شيء خاطيء و غير كامل. . الله وحده قدوس على الاطلاق. و هو يجعل الاشياء و الناس مقدسين. . الشخص القدوس هو شخص مخصص الله و يصبح مفرزا بهدف خدمة الله و تقديم المجد له. . الشيء الذي يعلن الله انه مقدس هو الشيء الذي تم افرازه ليستخدم لمجده, مثل المذبح الغرض منه هو تقديم الذبيحة الى الله. . بما ان الله هو قدوس, لا يستطيع الناس الاقتراب اليه ما لم يسمح هو بذلك. لانهم بشر خطاة و غير كاملين. . في العهد القديم, فرز الله الكهنة كقديسين لخدمة خاصة يقدمونها اليه. و عليهم التطهير طقسيا من الخطية بهدف التقرب الى الله. . فرز الله كذلك بعض الاماكن و الاشياء خصيصا له بحيث يظهر نفسه مثل الهيكل.

اقتراحات الترجمة

. طرق ترجمة "قدوس" ممكن ان تشمل, "مفرز جانبا لله" او "مخصص لله" او " نقي تماما" او "طاهر من الخطية" او "منفصل عن الخطية". . ان "يقدس" عادة تترجم ب "يطهر" بالانجليزية. و ممكن ان تترجم ايضا ب "مفرز".

قدوس

اللفظ "قدوس" هو لقب في الكتاب المقدس الذي يشير دائما الى الله. . في العهد القديم, هذا اللقب عادة يوجد في جملة "قدوس اسرائيل". . في العهد الجديد, يشار الى يسوع دائما ب "قدوس". . اللفظ "قدوس" يستخدم في بعض الاحيان في الكتاب المقدس للاشارة الى ملاك. اقتراحات الترجمة . اللفظ الحرفي هو, "القدوس".

قدير, قدرة

اللفظين "قدير" و "قدرة" يشيران الى امتلاك قوة كبيرة و جبارة.
, عادة الكلمة "قدرة" هي مرادف لكلمة "قوة". عندما نتكلم عن الله, قد تعني "سلطة". . العبارة, "رجال اقوياء" عادة تشير الى الرجال الذين يمتلكون الشجاعة و الانتصار في المعركة. كان داود محاطا برجال مخلصين ساعدوه و دافعوا عنه عادة كان يطلق عليهم اسم "رجال اقوياء". . يشار الى الله ايضا ب "القدير". . العبارة, "اعمال قدرة" غالبا ما تشير الى العجائب التي يعملها الله, و خصوصا المعجزات. . هذا اللفظ مرتبط باللفظ, "قدير", الذين يشكلان وصفا مشتركا لله, بمعنى ان له كامل القوة.

اقتراحات الترجمة . على حسب السياق, اللفظ "قدير" يمكن ان يترجم ب "قوي" او " عجيب" او "قوي جدا". . العبارة "قدرته" يمكن ان تترجم ب "قوته" او "جبروته". .في سفر الاعمال 7, وصف موسى على انه كان رجلا "مقتدرا في الاقوال و الافعال". يمكن ان يترجم هذا ب, "تكلم موسى بكلمات قوية من عند الله ويفعل اشياء معجزية". . على حسب السياق, "افعال مقتدرة" قد تترجم ب, "عجائب يعملها الله" او "معجزات" او يعمل الله اشياء بقوة". . اللفظ "قدرة" يمكن ترجمته ب, "قوة" او "قوة عظيمة". . لا تخلط بين هذا المصطلح و المصطلح الانجليزي الذي يستخدم للتعبير عن الامكانية مثال "قد تمطر".

قديسين

اللفظ "قديسين" لغويا يقصد به "الاشخاص المقدسين" و يشير الى المؤمنين بيسوع. . مبكرا في تاريخ الكنيسة, الشخص الذي يعرف بأعماله الصالحة يعطى لقب "قديس", ولكن ليست هذه الطريقة التي استخدم بها هذا اللفظ في العهد الجديد. . المؤمنون بيسوع هم قديسون او اشخاص مقدسون, ليس بسبب ما فعلوه, و لكن من خلال العمل الخلاصي ليسوع المسيح. هو وحده الذي جعل منهم قديسين.

اقتراحات الترجمة . طرق لترجمة "قديسين" يمكن ان تشمل, "اشخاص مقدسين" او "اناس مقدسين" او "مؤمنين مقدسين في يسوع". . كن حذرا من استخدام هذا اللفظ للاشارة الى جماعة من احد المجموعات المسيحية فقط.

قدّس, تقديس

ان يقدس هو ان يضع جانبا او ان يجعله مقدسا. التقديس هو العملية التي يجعل بها شيئا ما مقدسا. . في العهد القديم, بعض الاشخاص و الاشياء تكون مقدسة, او مفرزة, لخدمة الله. . يعلم العهد الجديد ان الله يقدس الذين يؤمنون بيسوع. و هذا بجعلهم قديسين و يخصصهم لخدمته. . المؤمنون بالمسيح هم ايضا مدعوون لتقديس انفسهم لله, ليكونوا قديسين في كل شيء يفعلونه.

اقتراحات الترجمة . على حسب السياق, اللفظ, "يقدس" يمكن ان يترجم ب "يفرز" او " يجعله مقدسا" او "يطهر". . عندما يقدس الناس انفسهم, هذا يعني انهم يطهرون انفسهم و يقدمون انفسهم لخدمة الله. عادة الكلمة "يكرس" تستخدم في الكتاب المقدس بهذا المعنى. . بمعنى "كرس" يمكن لهذا اللفظ ان يترجم ب "يقدم شخصا ما".

قربان الشركة

في العهد القديم, "قربان الشركة" هو نوع من الذبيحة التي تقدم في مناسبات مختلفة, مثل تقديم الشكر لله او من اجل الوفاء بنذر. . هذه التقدمة تتطلب ذبيحة حيوان, الذي يمكن ان يكون ذكرا او انثى. و هو مختلف عن ذبيحة المحرقة التي تتطلب ذكر حيوان. . بعد تقديم جزء من الذبيحة الى الله, الشخص الذي يجلب قربان الشركة يقتسم اللحم مع الكهنة مع بقية الاسرائيليين. . هناك وجبة مشتركة مع هذه التقدمة التي تتضمن الفطير. هذا يسمى في بعض الاحيان "ذبيحة السلامة".

قرن, قرون

القرون هي نتوءات حادة’ صلبة, دائمة على رأس الكثير من انواع الحيوانات, مثل الماشية, الخراف, الماعز, و الغزال. . قرن الكبش (ذكر النعجة) يصنع منه الة موسيقية تسمى "قرن الكبش" او "شوفار", التي ينفخ فيها في بعض المناسبات الخاصة مثل الاعياد الدينية. . قال الله ابني اسرائيل لن يصنعوا مثال قرن على كل من الزوايا الاربع لمذبح المحرقة و البخور. بالرغم من ان اشباه القرون هذه تسمى قرون الا انها ليست في الواقع قرون حيوان. . اللفظ "قرن" يستخدم في بعض الاحيان للاشارة الى قارورة على شكل قرن و تستخدم لحفظ الماء او الزيت و تستخدم لمسح الملك, مثلما فعل صموئيل بداود. . هذا اللفظ يجب ان يترجم بكلمة مختلفة عن الكلمة التي تشير الى بوق. . اللفظ "قرن" يستخدم ايضا بشكل مجازي كرمز للقوة, القدرة, السلطة, و الملوكية.

قريب

اللفظ "قريب" عادة يشير الى الشخص الذي يسكن بالقرب. و قد يشير ايضا بصفة عامة الى الشخص الذي يسكن نفس المجتمع او جماعة الشعب. . "القريب" هو شخص تجب حمايته و معاملته بلطف لانه جزء من المجتمع. . في مثل العهد الجديد عن السامري الصالح, استخدم يسوع لفظ "قريب" بطريقة مجازية, لتوسيع المعنى ليشمل كل البشر, و حتى اولئك الذين نعتبرهم اعداء. . اذا امكن, من المستحسن ترجمة هذا اللفظ حرفيا بكلمة او عبارة يكون معناها "الشخص الذي يعيش بالقرب".

قريب, نسيب

اللفظ "قريب" يشير الى شخص يرتبط بشخص اخر برابطة الدم. الكلمة "نسيب" بالخصوص تشير الى القريب الذكر. . قد يشير هذين اللفظين الى شخص قريب جدا, مثل الاب او الاخ, او الى قريب اكثر بعد مثل, خال او عم , او ابن عم او ابن خال. . في اسرائيل القديمة, اذا مات رجل يُنتظر من اقرب ذكر قريب ان يتزوج بأرملته, و يدير املاكه,و يساعد في المحافظة على اسم عائلته. و هذا القريب يدعى "القريب المفتدي". . هذا اللفظ ممكن ان يترجم ب, "قريب" او "فرد من العائلة".

قسيس

اللفظ "قسيس" هو لغويا نفس كلمة "راعي". و يستخدم كلقب للشخص الذي يكون قائدا روحيا لمجموعة من المؤمنين. . في النسخة الانجليزية للكتاب المقدس, "قسيس" ذكرت كلمة "قسيس" مرة واحدة فقط, في رسالة افسس. و هي نفس الكلمة التي تترجم بها كلمة "راعي" في مكان اخر. . في بعض اللغات, الكلمة المستخدمة ل "قسيس" هي نفس الكلمة المستخدمة ل "راعي". . و هي نفس الكلمة التي تشير الى يسوع بأنه "الراعي الصالح".

اقتراحات الترجمة . من المستحسن ترجمة هذا اللفظ بكلمة تستخدم ل "الراعي" في اللغة المستهدفة. . طرق اخرى لترجمة هذا اللفظ قد تشمل, "الراعي الروحي" او "القائد المسيحي الذي يرعى".

قصب

اللفظ "قصب" يشير الى نباتات ذات سيقان طويلة تنمو في وسط المياه, عادة على ضفاف نهر او مجرى مائي. . القصب في نهر النيل اين وُضع موسى عندما كان رضيعا يدعى ايضا "حلفاء".و هو نبات طويل, ذو سيقان مجوفة ينمو في كتل كثيفة وسط مياه النهر. . هذه النباتات الليفية استخدمت في مصر القديمة لصناعة الورق, السلال, و القوارب. . سيقان نبات القصب مرنة و سهلة الانحناء بواسطة الرياح.

قصر

اللفظ "قصر" يشير الى البناء او البيت الذي يسكن فيه الملك, بصفة دائمة هو وافراد عائلته و خدمه. . يعيش كبير الكهنة ايضا في القصر, مثلما هو مذكور في العهد الجديد. . تكون القصور جد مزخرفة, بتصاميم و مفروشات جميلة. . بناءات القصور و اثاثها تصنع من الحجارة او الخشب, و عادة ما تغشى بانواع ثمينة من الخشب, التي تشمل العديد من البناءات و الساحات.

قضاء

اللفظ "قضاء" يشير الى حكم الادانة مع عدم امكانية الاستأناف او النجاة. . مثل امة اسرائيل عندما أُخذت الى السبي الى بابل, قال النبي حزقيال, "ان القضاء قد حل عليهم". . على حسب السياق, هذا اللفظ ممكن ان يترجم ب "خراب" او "عقاب" او "خراب نهائي".

قطع

التعبير "قطع" هو تعبير يعنى ان يتم اسبعاده, نفيه, او فصله عن المجموعة الاساسية. يمكن ان يشير ايضا الى انه سيتم قتله كفعل لعقاب الهي عن الخطية.
. في العهد القديم, عدم طاعة وصايا الله يكون نتيجته القطع, او الانفصال عن شعب الله و عن حضوره. . قال الله ايضا سوف "يقطع" او يدمر الامم الغير اسرائيلية, لانهم لا يعبدونه و لا يطيعونه و هم اعداء لاسرائيل. . التعبير "يقطع" يستخدم ايضا للاشارة الى الله عندما يجعل النهر يتوقف عن الجريان.

اقتراحات الترجمة

. التعبير "سيقطع" ممكن ان تترجم ب "سوف يُفنى" او "سوف يرسل بعيدا" او "سيُفصل عن" او "سيقتل" او "سيُدمر". . على حسب السياق, "يُقطع" ممكن ان تترجم ب, "يدمر" او "يرسل بعيدا" او "يفصل عن" او "يدمر". . في سياق جريان المياه التي تقطع, هذا ممكن ان يترجم ب "اُوقفت" او "تسبب في توقف جريانها" او "انفصلت". . المعنى الحرفي لقطع شيء ما بالسكين يجب ان يميز عن المعنى المجازي لهذا اللفظ.

قطيع, سرب

في الكتاب المقدس, "قطيع" يشير الى مجموعة من الأغنام او الماعز و "قطيع" يشير الى مجموعة من الماشية, ثيران, خنازير. . لغات مختلفة من الممكن ان تحتوي على طرق مختلفة لمعنى مجموعة من الحيوانات او الطيور. . على سبيل المثال, في الانجليزية اللفظ "سرب" ممكن ان يستخدم للأغنام او الماعز, و لكن في نصوص الكتاب المقدس لا يستخدم بهذه الطريقة. . اللفظ "قطيع" بالانجليزية يستخدم كذلك لمجموعة من الطيور, ولكن لا يمكن ان يستخدم للخنازير, الثيران, او الابقار. . مع الاخذ بعين الاعتبار الالفاظ التي تستخدم في لغتك للاشارة الى مجموعة من الحيوانات. . بالنسبة للايات التي تشير الى "قطعان واسراب" قد يكون من الافضل اضافة "من الاغنام" او "من الابقار" على سبيل المثال, اذا كانت اللغة لا تحتوي على كلمات مختلفة للاشارة الى مختلف انواع مجموعة الحيوانات.

قلب

في الكتاب المقدس, اللفظ "قلب" يستخدم عادة بصورة مجازية للاشارة الى أفكار, مشاعر, رغبات, او ارادة الشخص. . ان يملك "قلب قاسي" هو تعبير شائع يعني عناد الشخص الذي يرفض ان يطيع الله. . التعبير "بكل قلبي" او "بكامل قلبي" يعني ان اعمل شيئا ما بدون تأخر, و بكل إلتزام و استعداد. . التعبير, "اجعله في قلبك" يعني ان تعامل شيئا ما بكل جدية و تطبقه في حياتك. . اللفظ "منكسري القلوب" تصف الاشخاص الحزانى جدا. لديهم جرح عاطفي عميق.

اقتراحات الترجمة

. في بعض اللغات تستخدم جزء اخر من الجسم مثل "معدة" او "كبد" للاشارة الى هذه الافكار. . و بعض اللغات الاخرى قد تستخدم كلمة واحدة للتعبير عن بعض من هذه المفاهيم و كلمات اخرى للتعبير عن غيرها. . اذا "قلب" او عضو اخر من الجسم لم يكن يحمل هذا المعنى, قد تحتاج بعض اللغات الى التعبير بطريقة غير مجازية بألفاظ مثل "افكار" او "مشاعر" او "رغبات". . على حسب السياق, "بكل قلبي" او " بكامل قلبي" ممكن ان تترجم ب, "بكل قوتي" او "بكل اخلاص" او "بالكامل" او "بإلتزام كامل". . التعبير"اجعله في قلبك" ممكن ان تترجم ب "تعامل معه بجدية" او "فكر فيه بحذر". . التعبير "قساة القلوب" ممكن ان يترجم ب, "الغير طائعين بعنادهم" او "الرافضين التوبة" او "الغير طائعين لله بإستمرار". . طرق ترجمة "منكسري القلوب" ممكن ان تشمل, "حزين جدا" او "يحسون بحزن عميق".

قمح

القمح هو نوع من الحبوب التي يزرعها الناس من اجل الغذاء.عندما يشير الكتاب المقدس الى "حبوب" او "بذور" فانه يقصد عادة حبوب القمح او بذور القمح. . بذور القمح او حبوب القمح تنمو على شكل سنابل نبات ابيض. . بعد حصاد القمح, تفصل الحبوب عن بقية النبات بدرسها. بقايا نبات القمح يدعى "قش" و عادة ما يفرش للحيوانات لتنام فوقه. . بعد الدرس, تنفصل القشور المحيطة بالحبوب عن البذور بواسطة غربلتها والقاءها بعيدا. . يزرع الناس القمح في حقول, و يستخدمونه لصنع الخبز.

قمر جديد

اللفظ "قمر جديد" في الكتاب المقدس يشير الى القمر عندما يبدو صغيرا, و مضيئا على شكل هلال من الضوء. و هذه هي المرحلة الاولى للقمر في بداية دورانه حول الارض. . في الازمنة القديمة, يستخدم القمر كعلامة لبداية بعض الفترات الزمنية مثل الشهر. . يحتفل بنو اسرائيل بعيد اول الشهر بالنفخ في قرون الكباش. . يشير الكتاب المقدس ايضا الى فترة زمنية ب "بداية الشهر".

قوة, قوي

اللفظ "قوة" يشير الى القدرة على عمل الاشياء او جعل الاشياء تحدث, عادة يستخدم قوة كبيرة. "قوي" تشير الى اناس او ارواح يمتلكون قدرة كبيرة تتسبب في حدوث الاشياء. . "قوة الله" تشير الى قدرة الله في فعل كل شيء, و خصوصا الاشياء التي لا يمكن للناس فعلها. . الله له كل القوة على كل شيء خلقه. . يعطي الله شعبه القوة لعمل ما يطلبه منهم, فهم عندما يشفون الناس او يعملون المعجزات الاخرى, فهم يفعلون هذا بقوة الله. . لان يسوع و الروح القدس هما الله, لهما نفس القوة.

اقتراحات الترجمة . على حسب السياق, اللفظ "قوة" يمكن ايضا ان يترجم ب "قدرة" او "شدة" او "طاقة" او "القدرة على عمل المعجزان" او "السيطرة". . طرق ممكنة لترجمة هذا اللفظ "قوي" يمكن ان تشمل, "كائنات قوية" او "ارواح ذات هيمنة" او "الذين يسيطرون على الاخرين". . تعبير مثل "خلصنا من قوة اعدائنا" يمكن ان تترجم ب, "خلصنا من الكائنات المقاومة من طرف اعدائنا" او "انقذنا من السيطرة التي علينا من طرف اعداءنا". في هذه الحالة, "قوة" تحمل معنى استخدام القوة الخاصة للسيطرة و قمع الاخرين.

قوة, قوى

اللفظ "قوة" يشير الى حالة القوة الجسدية, العاطفية, او الروحية. "قوى" يعني جعل شيئ او شخص قويا. . "قوة" قد تشير ايضا الى القدرة على المقاومة ضد بعض انواع القوى المضادة. . يتمتع الشخص بقوة الارادة اذا لم يستسلم للاغراء. . دعى احد كتبة المزامير الرب بقوته, الذي يعني ان الله يساعده ليكون قويا. . اذا تم تقوية الهياكل المادية مثل الجدار او المبنى , هذا يعني انه يُعاد بناء الهيكل, لتعزيزه بحجارة او اجر اكثر وهكذا يمكنه الصمود اثناء الهجوم.

اقتراحات الترجمة

. بصفة عامة, اللفظ "قوَى" يمكن ان يترجم ب "يجعله قوي" او "يجعل اكثر قوة". . بالمعنى الروحي, العبارة, "شدّد اخوتك" يمكن ان تترجم ب "شجع اخوتك" او "ساعد اخوانك على المثابرة". . التعبيرات التالية هي امثلة عن كيفية استخدام هذا اللفظ, بالاضافة الى معانيه, و هي ايضا طرق بديلة يمكن ترجمتها: . "ضع عليا قوة مثل الحزام" يعني, "اجعلني قويا بالكامل, مثل الحزام الذي يحيط بكامل الخصر". . "في الهدوء و الطمأنينة تكون قوتكم" يعني, "تصرفوا بهدوء و ثقوا في الله الذي سوف يجعلكم اقوياء روحيا". . "يجددون قوة" يعني, "يستعيدون قوتهم مرة اخرى". . بقوتي و بحكمتي افعل" يعني,"عملت كل هذا لانني قوي و حكيم" . قووا الجدار" يعني, "دعموا الجدار" او "اعيدوا بناء الجدار". . "اقويك" يعني, "سوف اجعلك قويا". . "في الرب وحده الخلاص و القوة" يعني, "الرب هو الوحيد الذي يخلصنا و يقوينا". . "صخرة قوتك" يعني, "ملء الايمان الذي يجعلك قويا". . بخلاص يمينه المقتدرة" يعني, "يخرجك بقوة من المشكلة مثلما يمسك بك شخص بامان بيده القوية". . "بقوة قليلة" يعني, "ليس قوي بما يكفي" او "ضعيف". . "بكل قوتي" يعني, "استخدم اقصى جهدي". او "بقوة و بشكل كامل".

قورح

قورح هو اسم لثلاثة رجال في العهد القديم. . واحد من هؤلاء هو احد ابناء عيسو اسمه قورح. و اصبح زعيما على عشيرته. . قورح هو ايضا حفيد لاويء و كاهن في خيمة الاجتماع. غار من موسى و هارون و قاد مجموعة من الرجال للتمرد ضدهم. . الرجل الثالث الذي يحمل اسم قورح ذكر كأحد احفاد يهوذا.

قيادة, قائد

اللفظ "قيادة" او "قائد" يدل على رئاسة او حكم شعب البلاد لمساعدته على العمل بطريقة منظمة.

. دانيال و ثلاثة من الشباب اليهود تم تعيينهم ليكونوا حكاما رسميين , على بعض مقاطعات بابل .

. في العهد الجديد , يستخدم المضطلح " قيادة " للإشارة إلى أحد مواهب الروح القدس .

. الشخص الذي له موهبة القيادة من الروح القدس يكون قادر على قيادة و حكم الناس و كذلك الاشراف على
الصيانة و الممتلكات الاخرى.

اقترحات الترجمة

. حسب السياق , بعض الطرق لترجمة " قائد" ممكن ان تتضمن , " حاكم" أو " مدبر" او " مسؤول" أو " مشرف رسمي" . . المصطلح " قيادة" ممكن أن يترجم ب , " الحكم " أو " الإدارة" أو" القيادة " أو " التنظيم" .

. التعبيرات مثل " المسؤول عن " أو " الإعتناء ب " ممكن أن تكون جزء من ترجمة هذه الكلمات .

قيافا

قيافا هو رئيس كهنة بني اسرائيل في وقت يوحنا المعمدان و يسوع. . لعب قيافا دور كبير في محاكمة وادانة يسوع. . رؤساء الكهنة حنانيا و قيافا كانا حاضرين عند محاكمة بطرس ويوحنا عندما تم توقيفهما بعد ان شفيا رجلا مقعدا. . قيافا هو الرجل الذي قال انه من الافضل ان يموت واحد فدى الامة. كان من ارادة الله ان قال هذا كنبوءة عن يسوع المزمع ان يموت ليخلص شعبه.

قيامة

اللفظ "قيامة" يشير الى فعل العودة الى الحياة مجددا بعد وقوع الموت. . ان يقيم شخصا ما يعني ان يعيد هذا الشخص الى الحياة مجددا. الله فقط له القدرة على فعل هذا. . الكلمة "قيامة" عادة ما تشير الى عودة يسوع الى الحياة مجددا بعد موته. . عندما قال يسوع, "انا القيامة و الحياة" كان يقصد انه هو مصدر القيامة, و هو الذي يجعل الناس يعودون الى الحياة.

اقتراحات الترجمة . الكلمة "قيامة" قد تترجم ايضا ب, "يعود الى الحياة" او "عاد على قيد الحياة بعد ان كان ميتا". . المعنى اللغوي لهذه الكلمة هو "يقوم" او "فعل ان يكون مقاما".

قيتار

القيتار هو اله موسيقية وترية, عادة تحتوي على اطار كبير به فتحة و له اوتار عمودية. . في زمن الكتاب المقدس, استخدم خشب التنوب لصنع القيتار والات موسيقية اخرى. . عادة تمسك القيتار في اليدين في حين يمشي العازف. . في الكثير من المواقع في الكتاب المقدس, ذكرت القيتار كآلة تستخدم في التسبيح و عبادة الله. . كتب داود العديد من المزامير التي تم تعيينها لموسيقى القيتار. . عزف داود ايضا على القيتار امام الملك شاول لتهدئته من الاضطراب الروحي.

قيدار

قيدار هو اسم الابن الثاني لاسماعيل. و هو كذلك اسم لمدينة مهمة, التي من المحتمل لنها سميت على اسم هذا الرجل. . تقع مدينة قيدار في الجزء الشمالي من العربية قرب الحدود الجنوبية لفلسطين. في ازمنة الكتاب المقدس, كانت معروفة بعظمتها و جمالها. . النسل المنحدر من قادش كون شعبا كبيرا الذي يسمى ايضا "قيدار". . العبارة "خيام قيدار السوداء" تشير الى خيام شعر الماعز السوداء التي يسكن فيها شعب قيدار. . هؤلاء الناس يرعون الاغنام و الماعز. و يستخدمون الجمال ايضا لنقل الاشياء. . في الكتاب المقدس, العبارة "مجد قيدار" تشير الى عظمة هذه المدينة و شعبها.

قيروان

قيروان هي مدينة اغريقية تقع في الساحل الشمالي لافريقيا على البحر الابيض المتوسط مباشرة جنوب جزيرة كريت. . في العهد الجديد, عاش كل من اليهود و المسيحيين في قيروان. . قيروان من المحتمل انها معروفة اكثر في الكتاب المقدس بأنها مدينة المنشأ للرجل الذي يسمى سمعان الذي حمل صليب يسوع.

قيصر

اللفظ "قيصر" كان اسم او لقب يستخدم من طرف العديد من حكام الامبراطورية الرومانية, يشير هذا الاسم الى ثلاثة حكام رومانيين مختلفين. . الحاكم الروماني الاول قيصر كان "اوغسطوس قيصر", الذي حكم في الزمن الذي ولد فيه يسوع. . بعد ثلاثين سنة, خلال الفترة التي كان يبشر فيها يوحنا المعمدان, كان "طيباريوس قيصر" حاكما على الامبراطورية الرومانية. . طيباريوس قيصركان حاكما على روما عندما قال يسوع للشعب ان يدفعوا لقيصر ما لقيصر وما لله لله. . عندما استأنف بولس لقيصر, هذا يشير الى الامبراطور الروماني, نيرون, الذي كان يحمل لقب "قيصر". . عندما تستخدم كلمة "قيصر" لوحدها كلقب, يمكن ترجمتها كذلك ب, "الامبراطور" او " الحاكم الروماني". . في الاسماء مثل اوغسطس قيصر او طيباريوس قيصر, كلمة "قيصر" ممكن ان تكتب مباشرة بالطريقة التي تكتب بها في اللغة المحلية.

قيصرية, قيصرية فيليبي

قيصرية كانت مدينة مهمة على ساحل البحر الابيض المتوسط, تقع على بعد 39 كلم جبوب جبل الكرمل. قيصرية فيليبي مدينة تقع في الجزء الشمالي من ارض اسرائيل, قرب جبل حرمون. . سميت هذان المدينتان من طرف قيصر الذي كان يحكم الامبراطورية الرومانية. . قيصرية الساحلية اصبحت عاصمة الامارة الرومانية في يهوذا خلال القترة التي ولد فيها يسوع. . الرسول بطرس, نقل البشارة الى الوثنيين في قيصرية اولا. . ابحر بولس من قيصرية الى طرسوس و مر كذلك بهذه المدينة في كلا رحلتيه التبشيريتين. . المسيح و تلاميذه سافروا عبر المناطق المحيطة بقيصرية فيليبي. في سوريا. كلا المدينتين سميا كذلك بعد هيرودس فيليب.

قيَد, قيد, مقيد

اللفظ "قيَد" يعني ربط شيء ما او تثبيته بإحكام. الشيء الذي يربط او يلصق الاشياء ببعضها يسمى ال "قيد". اللفظ "قيَد" هو الفعل الماضي لهذا المصطلح. . ان يكون "مقيد" يعني ان يكون هناك شيء مربوط او ملفوف حول شيء اخر. . بالمعنى المجازي, ممكن ان يكون الشخص "مقيد" بنذر, هذا يعني انه "ملتزم بالوفاء" للشيء الذي وعد به. .اللفظ "القيود" يشير الى اي شيء يُقيد, يحد, او يحبس شخص ما. عادة ما تشير الى السلاسل المادية, قيود او حبال التي تمنع الشخص من ان يتحرك بحرية. .في زمن الكتاب المقدس, القيود مثل الحبال و السلاسل كانت تستعمل لربط المساجين الى الحجارة التي في جداراو ارضية السجن. . اللفظ "ربط" ممكن ان يستعمل كذلك عندما نتكلم عن لف الجروح بالقماش لمساعدتها على الشفاء. .الشخص الميت ممكن ان "يُربط" بالقماش تحضيرا للدفن. . اللفظ "قيد" يستعمل مجازيا للاشارة الى شيء ما, مثل الخطيئة, التي تسيطر و تستعبد شخص ما. . القيد ممكن ان يكون كذلك العلاقة الوثيقة بين الناس حيث يدعمون بعضهم البعض عاطفيا, روحيا, و جسديا. هذا ينطبق على رابطة الزواج. . مثلا, الزوج و زوجته كل منهما "مقيد" او مربوط بالآخر. انه رابطة لا يكسرها الله.

اقتراحات الترجمة . اللفظ "قيد" ممكن ان يترجم كذلك ب "ربط" او "يربط" او "لف".

كاتب, مختص في الشريعة اليهودية

الكتبة هوموظفون مسؤولون عن كتابة او نسخ حكومية او دينية مهمة عن طريق اليد. اسم اخر للكاتب اليهودي هو "مختص في الشريعة اليهودية". . الكتبة كانوا مسؤولين عن نسخ و حفظ كتب العهد القديم. . و هم كذلك يقومون بنسخ, حفظ, و تفسير الاراء الدينية و الملاحظات الخاصة بشريعة الله. . عبر مراحل الزمن, كان الكتبة موظفين حكوميين مهمين. . يعتبر كل من باروخ و عزرا من بين كتبة الكتاب المقدس المهمين. . في العهد الجديد, اللفظ "كتبة" يترجم ايضا ب "معلمي الشريعة". . في العهد الجديد, لطالما كان الكنبة جزءا من جموعة دينية تسمى "الفريسيين" و دائما ما تذكر المجموعتين جنبا الى جنب.

كالب

كالب كان واحد من الجواسيس الاثنى عشر الذين ارسلهم موسى ليتجسسوا ارض كنعان. . هو و يشوع قالا للشعب ان يثقوا في الله لمساعدتهم على هزيمة الكنعانيين. . يشوع وكالب كانا الوحيدين من جيلهما الذين سُمح لهما بدخول ارض الموعد كنعان. . طلب كالب ان تكون ارض حبرون من نصيبه هو و عائلته. و كان يعرف ان الله سيساعده في التغلب على الشعب الساكن هناك.

كامل

في الكتاب المقدس, اللفظ "مثالي" يعني ان نكون ناضجين في حياتنا المسيحية. جعل شيء ما مثالي هو العمل عليه الى ان يصبح متقنا و بدون عيوب. . ان يكون مثالي و ناضجا يعني ان يكن مؤمنا مطيعا, و ليس بدون خطيئة. . اللفظ "مثالي" يحمل معنى ان يكون "كاملا" او "تاما". . سفر يعقوب في العهد الجديد ينص على ان المثابرة من خلال التجارب ستنتج اكتمالا و نضجا في المؤمن. . عندما يدرس المؤمنون الكتاب المقدس و يطيعونه, يصبحون اكثر نضج و اكتمال روحي بسبب انهم يصبحون اكثر شبها بيسوع في صفاته.

اقتراحات الترجمة . هذا اللفظ يمكن ان يترجم ب "بدون عيوب" او "بدون اخطاء" او "ليس فيه عيب" او "بلا لوم" او "ليس فيه اي اخطاء".

كاهن, كهنوت

في الكتاب المقدس, الكاهن هو الشخص الذي يتم اختياره لتقديم الذبائح لله عوضا عن شعب الله. "الكهنوت" هو اسم الخدمة او الشرط لكي يكون كاهنا. . في العهد القديم, اختار الله هارون و نسله لكي يكونوا كهنة لشعب اسرائيل. . "الكهنوت" هو حق و مسؤولية تنتقل من الاب الى الابن داخل عشيرة اللاوئين. . يتحمل كهنة بنو اسرائيل مسؤولية تقديم ذبائح الشعب لله, بالاضافة الى واجبات اخرى داخل الهيكل. . يقدم الكهنة ايضا صلوات منتظمة لله بدلا عن الشعب, بالاضافة الى طقوس دينية اخرى. . ينطق الكهنة ببركات اساسية على الشعب و يعلمونهم شرائع الله. . في زمن يسوع, كان هناك مستويات مختلفة للكهنة, تشمل رئيس الكهنة و الكاهن الاكبر. . يسوع هو "كاهننا الاعظم" الذي يتشفع فينا لدى الله. لقد قدم نفسه ذبيحة نهائية من اجل الخطية. و هذا يعني اننا لم نعد بحاجة الى الذبائح المقدمة من طرف الكهنة البشريين. . في العهد الجديد, كل مؤمن بيسوع يدعى "كاهنا" وبإمكانه ان يصلي الى الله مباشرة لكي يتشفع من اجل نفسه و من اجل الاخرين. . في العصور القديمة, يوجد ايضا كهنة وثنيون يقدمون التقدمات الى الهة وثنية مثل بعل.

اقتراحات الترجمة . على حسب السياق, اللفظ "كاهن" يمكن ان يترجم ب "الشخص الذي يقدم الذبائح" او "وسيط الله" او "الوسيط مقدم الذبائح" او "الشخص الذي اختاره الله ليمثله". . ترجمة اللفظ "كاهن" يجب ان تكون مختلفة عن ترجمة لفظ "وسيط". . قد تفضل بعض الترجمات دائما ان تقول شيء من هذا القبيل, "كاهن اسرائيلي" او "كاهن يهودي" او "كاهن للرب" او "كاهن لبعل" لكي يكون واضحا انها لا تشير الى نوع الكهنة في ايامنا المعاصرة. . اللفظ الذي يستخدم لترجمة "كاهن" يجب ان يكون مختلفا عن الالفاظ "رئيس كهنة" و "كبير الكهنة" و "لاوئ" و "نبي".

كبريت

الكبريت مو مادة صفراء اللون تصبح سائلا محترقا عندما توضع في النار. . الكبريت ايضا له رائحة قوية تشبه رائحة البيض الفاسد.
. في الكتاب المقدس, الكبريت المحترق هو رمز لدينونة الله للخطاة المتمردين. . خلال زمن لوط, ارسل الله نارا و كبريتا على المدينتين الشريرتين سدوم و عمورة. .في بعض الترجمات الانجليزية, يشار الى الكبريت ب "حجر الكبريت" الذي يعني حرفيا "حجارة مشتعلة".

اقتراحات الترجمة . الترجمات الممكنة لهذا اللفظ قد تشمل, "حجارة صفراء تشتعل" او "حجارة صفراء مشتعلة".

كتاب الحياة

اللفظ "كتاب الحياة" يستعمل للاشارة الى اين كتب الله اسماء كل الناس الذين افتداهم و اعطاهم ايضا حياة ابدية. . سفر الرؤيا يشير الى هذا الكتاب ب "كتاب الحمل للحياة". من الممكن ان يترجم ب "كتاب حياة المنتمين الى يسوع, حمل الله". ان ذبيحة يسوع على الصليب دفعت ثمن الخطيئة التي ارتكبها الناس و على هذا الاساس يمكنهم الحصول على الحياة الابدية من خلاله. . الكلمة "كتاب" ممكن ان تعني كذلك "درج" او "رسالة" او "كتابة" او "وثيقة رسمية". ممكن ان تكون حرفيا او مجازيا.

كرب

اللفظ "كرب" يشير الى الم شديد او ضيق. . الكرب يمكن ان يكون الم جسدي او عاطفي او ضيق. . غالبا الاشخاص الذين يعانون من الكرب الشديد يظهر ذلك في وجوههم و سلوكهم. . اللفظ "كرب" ممكن ايضا ان يترجم ب, "ضيق عاطفي" او "حزن عميق" او " الم شديد".

كرس, تكريس

ان يكرس هو ان يضع جانبا او يخصص شيء ما لمهمة او وظيفة خاصة. . كرس داود ذهبه و فضته للرب الاله. . عادة اللفظ "تكريس" يشير الى حدث او مراسيم رسمية لفصل شيء ما لمهمة خاصة. . تكريس المذبح يتضمن تقديم ذبيحة لله. . قاد نحميا بني اسرائيل لتكريس ترميم اسوار اورشليم بوعد لخدمة الرب الواحد يهوه و العناية بهذه المدينة. هذا الحدث يتضمن تقديم الشكر لله بواسطة الات موسيقية و غناء. . اللفظ "كرّس" ممكن ان يترجم ايضا ب "تعين خصيصا لمهمة محددة" او "خصص شيئا ليستخدم استخداما محددا" او "تخصيص شخص ما للقيام بمهمة محددة".

كرمة

اللفظ "كرمة" يشير الى نبات ينمو عن طريق زحفه على الارض او بتسلقه جذوع اشجار اخرى. الكلمة "كرمة" في الكتاب المقدس تستخدم فقط للكرمة التي تحمل فاكهة و غالبا تشير الى كروم العنب. . في الكتاب المقدس, الكلمة "كروم" دائما تعني, "كرمة". . يتم إلصاق فروع العنب الى الجذع الرئيسي الذي يمنحهم الماء و المواد المغذية الاخرى حتى تتمكن من النمو. . دعى يسوع نفسه "الكرمة" ودعى شعبه "الاغصان". في هذا السياق, الكلمة "كرمة" يمكن ان تترجم ب "جذع الكرمة" او "جذع شجرة العنب".

كرمل, جبل الكرمل

"جبل الكرمل" يشير الى سلسلة الجبال التي تقع على طول ساحل البحر الابيض المتوسط الى الشمال مباشرة من سهل شارون. اعلى قمة له بارتفاع 546 مترا. . هناك ايضا مدينة تدعى "كرمل" تقع في يهوذا, جنوب البحر الميت. . صاحب الارض الثري نابال و زوجته ابيجال عاشا بالقرب من مدينة كرمل اين ساعد داود و رجاله في حراسة اغنام نابال. . على جبل الكرمل, تحدى النبي اليشع انبياء البعل لكي يثبت ان الرب هو الاله الحي الحقيقي. . للتوضيح ليس هناك جبل واحد فقط, " جبل الكرمل" ممكن ان تترجم ب, "جبل من سلسلة جبال الكرمل" او "سلسلة جبل الكرمل".

كروبيم, كروب

اللفظ "كروب" الذي جمعه "كروبيم", يشير الى نوع خاص من الكائنات السماوية التي خلقها الله. يصف الكتاب المقدس الكروبيم بأن لديها اجنحة و نيران. . الكروبيم تظهر مجد و قوة الله و هم اوصياء ليكونوا حراس على اشياء مقدسة. . بعدما اخطأ ادم و حواء. وضع الله كروبيم بسيوف نارية في الجهة الشرقية لجنة عدن لكي لا يتمكن الناس من الوصول الى شجرة الحياة. . امر الله بني اسرائيل لكي ينحتوا كروبين متقابلين, و بأجنحة تظلل على كامل غطاء التكفير في ثابوت العهد. . و كذلك طلب منهم نسج صور الكروبيم على ستائر خيمة الاجتماع. . في بعض المقاطع الكتابية, تصور هذه المخلوقات على كونها تمتلك اربعة وجوه: وجه انسان, وجه اسد, وجه ثور, وجه نسر. . في بعض الاحيان تظهر الكروبيم كالملائكة, لكن الكتاب المقدس لم يتكلم بوضوح على ذلك.

اقتراحات الترجمة . اللفظ "كروبيم" ممكن ان يترجم ب "مخلوقات ذوات اجنحة" او "حراس ذوات اجنحة" او "حراس روحيون ذوات اجنحة" او "حراس سماويون ذوي اجنحة". . " الكروب" ممكن ان يترجم على انه مفرد كروبيم, مثلا ب, "مخلوق ذو اجنحة" او "حارس روحي ذو اجنحة". . تأكد من ان ترجمة هذا اللفظ تختلف عن ترجمة لفظ "ملاك". . مع الاخذ بعين الاعتبار كيف يترجم هذا اللفظ او يكتب في اللغة المحلية او الوطنية.

كروم

الكروم هي حقول واسعة من الكرم الذي يتم زرعه و ينمو. . الكروم عادة ما يحيط بها جدار ليحميها من اللصوص و الحيوانات. . قارن الله شعب اسرائيل بحقل الكروم الذي لم ينتج ثمارا جيدة. . يمكن ترجمة كروم ايضا ب, "حقل الكروم" او "مزرعة العنب".

كريت, كريتي

كريت هي جزيرة تقع قبالة الساحل الجنوبي لليونان. ال "كريتي" هو الشخص الذي يعيش في هذه الجزيرة. . سافر الرسول بولس الى جزيرة كريت اثناء رحلته التبشيرية. . ترك بولس شريكه في الخدمة تيتس في كريت لكي يعلم المسيحيين و يساعد على وضع قادة للكنيسة هناك.

كرّم, اكرام

اللفظين "كرّم" و "اكرام" يشيران الى اعطاء شخص ما الاحترام, التقدير التبجيل. . الاكرام يقدم عادة الى شخص ذو اهمية و مكانة عالية, مثل الملك او الله. . يأمر الله المسيحيين ان يكرموا الاخرين, و ان لا يحاولوا طلب الاكرام لانفسهم. . امر الابناء بأكرام والديهم, الذي يشمل الاحترام و الطاعة. . الالفاظ "كرم" او "مجد" عادة ما يستخدمان مع بعض, و خاصة عند الاشارة الى يسوع. و قد تكونان طريقتين للاشارة الى الشيء نفسه. . اكرام الله يشمل تقديم الشكر و التسبيح له, و اظهار الاحترام له بالطاعة و السلوك بطريقة تظهر عظمته.

اقتراحات الترجمة

. طرق اخرى لترجمة "كرّم" ممكن ان تشمل, "احترام" او "تقدير" او "احترام كبير". . اللفظ "اكرام" ممكن ان يترجم ب "ان يظهر احترام خاص ل" او "ان يجعله مسبحا" او " ان يظهر احترام كبير ل" او "يعطيه قيمة كبيرة".

كسا, مكسو

عندما تستخدم تشبيهيا في الكتاب المقدس, الكلمة "مكسو ب" يقصدبها ان يكون موهوب او مجهز بشيء ما. ان " يكسو" الشخص نفسه بشيء ما يعني ان يسعى للحصول على مميزات شخصية معينة. . بنفس الطريقة التي تكون بها الملابس خارجية للجسم وتكون مرئية للجميع, عندما تكون "مكسو" بصفات شخصية معينة, فإن الاخرين يمكنهم رؤيتها بسهولة. ان "تكسو نفسك باللطف" يعني ان تدع افعالك تتميز باللطف و يكون سهل على اي شخص ملاحظتها. . ان تكون "مكسو بسلطة من فوق" يعني ان تمتلك قوة اعطيت لك. . هذا اللفظ يستخدم كذلك للتعبير عن المعنى السلبي, مثل "مكسو بالخجل" او "مكسو بالرعب".

اقتراحات الترجمة . اذا امكن, من الافضل ان نترك الشكل الحرفي للكلمة, " اكسو انفسكم ب". طريقة اخرى لترجمة هذا ان تكون "ألبس" عندما يشير الى لبس الثياب. . اذا كان هذا لا يوصل المعنى الصحيح, طرق اخرى لترجمة " اكتسي ب" ممكن ان تكون" تظهر" او "إظهار" او "ممتليء ب" او "لديه ميزة ال". . اللفظ "اكسو انفسكم ب" ممكن ان تترجم كذلك ب "غطوا انفسكم ب" او "تصرف بطريقة تظهر".

كفارة, كفّر

اللفظ "كفّر " و "كفّارة" يشير الى كيف ان الله دبّر ذبيحة ليدفع ثمن خطايا شعبه و يزيل غضبه عن الخطية. . في عصر العهد القديم, سمح الله بكفارة مؤقتة لاجل خطايا بني اسرائيل و ذلك بتقديمهم ذبيحة الدم, التي تتطلب ذبح حيوان. . كما هو مسجل في العهد الجديد, موت المسيح على الصليب هو الكفارة الصحيحة و الوحيدة الدائمة للخطية. . عندما مات يسوع, اخذ العقاب الذي على الشعب بسبب معاصيهم. انه دفع ثمن الكفارة بموته كذبيحة.

اقتراحات الترجمة . اللفظ "كفّر" ممكن ان يترجم بكلمة او بعبارة التي تعني, "صلى لاجل" او " دبّر دفع ثمن لاجل" او "تسبب في غفران خطايا شخص ما" او "عمل تعويضا عن جريمة". . طرق ترجمة "كفارة" تستطيع ان تشمل, " خلاص" او "تضحية لدفع ثمن الخطية" او "توفير وسائل الغفران". . تأكد من ان ترجمة هذا اللفظ لا تشير الى الدفع النقدي.

كفارة

اللفظ "كفارة" يشير الى الذبيحة التي تقدم لارضاء او لتحقيق عدالة الله و لتهدئة غضبه. . تقدمة دم ذبيحة يسوع المسيح هو الكفارة التي تقدم لله عن الخطاة. . موت يسوع على الصليب حجب غضب الله الموجه ضد الخطية. و وفر وسيلة لله لكي ينظر الى الناس على انهم صالحين ويقدم لهم الحياة الابدية.

اقتراحات الترجمة . هذا اللفظ يمكن ان يترجم ب "ترضية" او "جعل الله يغفر الذنوب و يعطي نعمة للناس". . الكلمة "تعويض" هو معنى قؤيب لل "كفارة". و من المهم مقارنة الاستخدامات المختلفة لهذين اللفظين.

كفرناحوم

كفرناحوم هي مدينة صيد تقع في الساحل الشمالي الشرقي لبحر الجليل. . عاش يسوع في كفرناحوم و كان يعلم في الجليل. . العديد من تلاميذه كانوا من الجليل. . وعمل يسوع كذلك الكثير من المعجزات في هذه المدينة, بما في ذلك اقامة فتاة كانت قد توفيت, من الموت. . كفرناحوم كانت واحدة من المدن التي وبخها يسوع علنا بسبب رفض شعبها له وعدم ايمانهم برسالته. حذرهم من ان الله يسعاقبهم على تمردهم.

كلدانيون, كلدانية

كلدانية هي المنطقة التي تقع في الجزء الجنوبي لبلاد بابل ما بين النهرين, الشعب الذي سكن في هذه المنطقة هم الكلدانيون. . مدينة حور, التي ينحدر منها ابراهيم, تقع في كلدانية, و يُشار اليها غالبا ب "اور الكلدانيين". . الملك نبوخذناصر كان واحد من اشهر الكلدانيين الذي اصبح ملكا على كل بابل. . بعد سنوات عديدة, و خلال 600 قبل الميلاد, اللفظ "كلدانية" اصبح يقصد به "بابل". .في سفر دانيال, اللفظ "كلدانية" يشير كذلك الى مجموعة خاصة من الرجال ذوي الثقافة الراقية و الذين درسوا النجوم.

كلمة

" كلمة" يشير الى شيء قاله شخص ما. . مثال على هذا قد يكون عندما خاطب الملاك زكريا, "انت لم تصدق كلماتي," الذي يعني, "انت لم تصدق ما قلت". . هذا اللفظ تقريبا دائما يشير الى رسالة كاملة, و ليس فقط كلمة واحدة. . عادة في الكتاب المقدس "الكلمة" تشير الى كل شيء قاله الله او امر به, مثل في "كلمة الله" او "كلمة الحق". . احيانا "كلمة" تشير الى كلام بصفة عامة, مثل "القوة في القول و العمل" و الذي يعني "القوة في الكلام و في السلوك". . استخدام خاص لهذا اللفظ عندما دعي يسوع "الكلمة".

اقتراحات الترجمة . طرق مختلفة لترجمة "كلمة" او "كلمات" تشمل, "تعليم" او "رسالة" او "اخبار" او "قول" او "ما قيل". . عندما يشير الى يسوع ك "كلمة", هذا اللفظ قد يترجم ب "الرسالة" او "القول".

كلمة الله, كلمة الرب, كلمة من الرب, كلمة مقدسة

في الكتاب المقدس, اللفظ "كلمة الرب" يشير الى اي شيء ابلغه الله الى الناس. يشمل هذا الرسائل الشفوية و المكتوبة. يسوع ايضا يدعى"كلمة الله". . اللفظ "الكتب المقدسة" يقصد بها "كتابات". و استخدم فقط في العهد الجديد و تشير الى الكتب المقدسة العبرية او "العهد القديم". هذه الكتابات هي رسائل الله التي قال للناس ان يكتبوها لكي يتسنى قراءتها حتى بعد سنوات طويلة في المستقبل. . الكلمة المرتبطة بها "كلمة الرب" او "كلمة يهوه" عادة ما تشير الى رسالة محددة من الله اعطيت لنبي او لشخص اخر في الكتاب المقدس. . احيانا هذا اللفظ يوجد بسيطا مثل "الكلمة" او "كلمتي" او "كلمتك" ( عندما يقصد كلمة الله). . في العهد الجديد, يسمى يسوع "الكلمة" و "كلمة الله" هذين اللقبين يعنيان ان يسوع يكشف تماما من هو الله, لانه هو نفسه الله.

اقتراحات الترجمة . على حسب السياق, طرق اخرى لترجمة هذا اللفظ قد تشمل, "رسالة يهوه" او "رسالة الله" او "تعليم من عند الله". . قد يكون طبيعيا اكثر في بعض اللغات ان يأتي هذا اللفظ في صيغة الجمع و القول "كلمات الله" او "كلمات من عند الرب". . التعبير "جاءت كلمة الرب" عادة ما يستخدم لتقديم شيء قاله الله الى نبيه او الى شعبه. قد يترجم هذا ب, "الرب تكلم بهذه الرسالة" او "الرب قال هذه الكلمات". . اللفظ "كتب مقدسة" او "كتابات مقدسة" يمكن ان تترجم ب "الكتابات" او "رسالة الله المكتوبة". هذا اللفظ يجب ان يترجم بطريقة تختلف عن ترجمة اللفظ "كلمة". . عندما تذكر " كلمة" لوحدها, يمكن ان تترجم ب "رسالة" او "كلمة الله" او "تعليم", على حسب السياق. مع الاخذ بعين الاعتبار البديل في اقتراحات الترجمة اعلاه.

كلمة حق

اللفظ "كلمة حق" هو طريقة اخرى للاشارة الى كلمة او تعليم الله. . كلمة حق الله تتضمن اي شيء قاله الله للناس عن نفسه, خليقته, وخطته للخلاص من خلال يسوع المسيح. . هذا اللفظ يؤكد حقيقة ان ماقاله الله و صحيح, و محل ثقة و حقيقي.

اقتراحات الترجمة . قد يترجم هذا ب, "رسالة الله الصادقة" او "كلمة الله, الصحيحة". . من المهم لترجمة هذا اللفظ ان تتضمن معنى ان تكون صحيحة. .

كنعان, كنعاني

كنعان هو ابن حام, الذي كان واحد من ابناء نوح. الكنعانيون هم ذرية كنعان. . اللفظ "كنعان" او "ارض كنعان" تشير الى المنطقة التي تقع بين نهر الاردن و البحر الابيض المتوسط. التي تمتد من الحدود الجنوبية لمصر الى الحدود الشمالية لسوريا. . هذه الارض كانت مأهولة بالكنعانيين, بالاضافة الى العديد من الشعوب الاخرى. .وعد الله ان يعطي ارض كنعان لابراهيم و ذريته, بنو اسرائيل.

كنيسة

في العهد الجديد, اللفظ "كنيسة" يشير الى مجموعة محلية من المؤمنين بيسوع الذين يلتقون مع بعضهم بصفة منتظمة من اجل الصلاة وسماع الوعظ من كلمة الله. اللفظ "كنيسة" يشير غالبا الى كل المسيحيين. . حرفيا هذا اللفظ يشير الى "دعوة الى " اجتماع او جماعة من الناس الذين يلتقون مع بعض لغرض خاص. . عندما يستخدم هذا اللفظ للاشارة الى كل المؤمنين في كل مكان و كامل جسد المسيح, بعض ترجمات الكتاب المقدس ( بالحرف اللاتيني) تكتب الحرف الاول كبير للتمييز بينه و بين الكنيسة المحلية. . غالبا المؤمنون في بعض المدن يتقابلون مع بعض في بيت احدهم. هذه الكنيسة المحلية تسمى على اسم المدينة مثل "كنيسة افسس". . في الكتاب المقدس, "كنيسة" لا تشير الى بناية.

اقتراحات الترجمة

. اللفظ "كنيسة" ممكن ان تترجم ب "التجمع معا" او " اجتماع" او " جماعة" او " لقاء الاشخاص مع بعض". . الكلمة او العبارة التي تستخدم لترجمة هذا اللفظ يجب ان تكون كذلك قابلة للاشارة الى كل المؤمنين, و ليس فقط مجموعة واحدة صغيرة. . تأكد من ان الترجمة "كنيسة" لا تشير فقط الى بناية. . اللفظ المستخدم لترجة "اجتماع " في العهد القديم ممكن كذلك ان تستخدم لترجمة هذا اللفظ. . نأخذ بعين الاعتباركيف ترجم هذا اللفظ في اللغة المحلية او الوطنية للكتاب المقدس.

كورنتوس, كورنتيون

كورنتوس كانت احد مدن اليونان, تقع على بعد 50 ميلا شرق أثينا. الكورنتيون هم السكان الذين يعيشون في كورنتوس. . كورنتوس هي موقع لواحدة من اقدم الكنائس المسيحية. . أسفار العهد الجديد, 1 كورنتوس و 2 كورنتوس هما رسالتين كتبهما بولس الى المسيحيين الذين يعيشون في كورنتوس. . اثناء رحلته التبشيرية الاولى, أقام بولس في كورنتوس ما يقارب 18 شهرا. . إلتقى بولس المؤمنان أكيلا وبريسكيلا في كورنتوس. . اخرون من قادة الكنائس الاولين المرتبطين بكورنتوس هم تيموتاوس, تيطس, أبولس, و سيلا.

كورنيليوس

كان كورنيليوس رجل اممي, اي غير يهودي, و كان ضابط عسكري في الجيش الروماني. . كان يصلي الى الله بإنتظام و كان كريما جدا في صدقاته على الفقراء. . عندما سمع كورنيليوس وعائلته الرسول بولس و هو يشرح رسالة الخلاص, قبلوا الايمان بيسوع. . الاشخاص المقيمين في بيت كورنيليوس هم اول المؤمنيين الأميين من غير اليهود الذين قبلوا الايمان. . هذا يظهر لأتباع المسيح انه جاء لخلاص كل الشعوب, بما في ذلك الوثنيين.

كوش

كوش هو الابن الاكبر لحام ابن نوح. و هو كذلك من احد اسلاف نمرود. و كان له اخوان اسمهما مصرايم و كنعان. . في زمن العهد القديم, "كوش" كان اسم منطقة اراضي واسعة تقع جنوب اسرائيل. و من المحتمل انها سميت على اسم كوش ابن نوح. . المنطقة القديمة كوش كانت تغطي مساحة من الارض عبر مختلف العصور و التي تشمل في وقتنا الحالي دول السودان, مصر, أثيوبيا, و محتمل ايضا العربية السعودية. . رجل اخر اسمه كوش اُشير له في المزامير. و كان رجل من بني بنيامين.

كولوسي, كولوسيون

في زمن العهد الجديد, كانت كولوسي مدينة تقع في المقاطعة الرومانية فريجيا, و هي البقعة من الارض التي تقع في الجزء الشمالي من تركيا حاليا. الكولوسيون هم الشعب الذي عاش في كولوسي. . تقع على بعد 100 ميل داخل البحر الابيض المتوسط, كولوسي كانت تضم طريق تجارية مهمة بين مدينة افسس و نهر الفرات. . عندما كان في السجن في روما, كتب بولس رسالة الى "اهل كولوسي" لكي يصحح التعاليم الخاطئة لدى المؤمنين في كولوسي. . عندما كتب هذه الرسالة, لم يكن بولس قد زار الكنيسة في كولوسي بعد, و لكنه سمع عن المؤمنين هناك من طرف ابفراس شريكه في الخدمة. . ابفراس كان على الارجح هو الخادم الذي بدأ الكنيسة في كولوسي. . سفر فيليمون الذي كتبه بولس و ارسله الى مالك عبيد في كولوسي.

لابان

في العهد القديم, لابان هو خال يعقةب و حموه. . سكن يعقوب مع عائلة لابان في فدان ارام و كان يرعى اغنام خاله بشرط ان يتزوج من ابنتيه. . اختيار يعقوب ان تكون راحيل زوجة له. . خدع لابان يعقوب و زوجه ابنته الكبرى ليئة اولا قبل ان يعطيه راحيل لتكون زوجة له.

لامك

لامك هو اسم لرجلين جاء ذكرهما في سفر التكوين. . لامك الذي ذكر اولا هو احد احفاد قايين. قال متفاخرا لزوجتيه انه قتل رجلا جرحه. . لامك الذي ذكر ثانيا هو احد احفاد شيث. و هو ايضا ابو نوح.

لاوي, لاوي

لاوي هو واحد من ابناء يعقوب او اسرائيل الاثني عشر, اللفظ "لاوي" يشير الى الشخص الذي يكون عضوا من بني اسرائيل المنحدرين من نسل لاوي. . اللاويون كانوا مسؤولون عن الاعتناء بالهيكل و اجراء الطقوس الدينية, التي تشمل تقديم الذبائح و الصلوات. . كل كهنة اليهود هم من اللاوئين, نسل لاويء و جزء من عشيرة لاوي. (ليس كل اللاوئين كهنة). . الكهنة اللاوؤون هم مفرزون و معينون للعمل الخاص بخدمة الله في الهيكل. . رجلان اخران يحملان اسم "لاوي" هم من آباء يسوع و ذكرت اسماءهما في سلسلة النسب في بشارة لوقا. . تلميذ يسوع, متى يدعى ايضا لاوي.

لبنان

لبنان هي منطقة جبلية رائعة الجمال تقع على طول ساحل البحر الابيض المتوسط, شمال اسرائيل. في ازمنة الكتاب المقدس كانت هذه المنطقة ايضا غابة كثيفة من اشجار التنوب. مثل شجر الارز و السرو. . بعث الملك سليمان عمالا الى لبنان لقطع اشجار الارز لاستخدامها في بناء الهيكل. . كان لبنان القديم آهلا بالشعب الفنيقي الذين كانوا بناة مهرة للسفن التي تستخدم في صناعة تجارة ناجحة. . مدن صور و صيدون تقع في لبنان. و كانت هذه المدن اول من استخدم صبغة الارجواني القيمة.

لسان

هناك العديد من المعاني الرمزية ل "لسان" في الكتاب المقدس. . في الكتاب المقدس, المعنى الرمزي الاكثر شيوعا لهذا اللفظ هو "لغة" او "خطاب". . احيانا "لسان" قد يشير الى اللغة الام التي يتكلم بها بعض الشعوب. . احيانا اخرى قد تشير الى اللغة الفوق طبيعية التي يعطيها الروح القدس للمؤمنين بالمسيح كواحدة من مواهب الروح القدس. . التعبير, "ألسنة" من نار يشير الى "شعلات" النار. . في التعبير "يبتهج لساني" اللفظ "لسان" يشير الى الشخص بكامله. . العبارة "ألسنة الكذب" تشير الى صوت الشخص او كلامه.

اقتراحات الترجمة . على حسب السياق, اللفظ "لسان" يمكن ان يترجم ب "لغة" او "لغة روحية". و اذا لم يكن واضح ايهما يقصد به, من الافضل ان تترجم ب "لغة". . عندما تشير الى النار, هذا اللفظ قد يترجم ب, "شعلات". . التعبير "لساني يبتهج" يمكن ان تترجم ب, "افرح و اسبح الله" او "انا اسبح الله بفرح". . العبارة, "ألسنة كاذبة" يمكن ان تترجم ب, "أشخاص يقولون الكذب" او "اشخاص كاذبون". . عبارة مثل "بألسنتهم" يمكن ان تترجم ب, "بما يقولون" او "بكلماتهم".

لسترة

لسترة هو اسم مدينة تقع في اسيا الصغرى قديما و التي زارها بولس خلال احد رحلاته التبشيرية. و تقع في منطقة ليقونية تركيا في ايامنا هذه. . هرب بولس و مرافقيه الى دربة و لسترة عندما كانوا مهددين من طرف اليهود في ايقونية. . في لسترة, التقى بولس بتيموتاوس, الذي اصبح مبشرا و مؤسس كنائس. . بعدما شفى بولس رجلا اعرج في لسترة, حاول الناس هناك عبادة بولس و برنبا كإلاهين, لكن الرسل قاموا بتوبيخهم و منعوهما من فعل ذلك.

لص, لصوص, سارق

اللفظين "لص" و "لصوص" يشيران بصفة عامة الى الشخص الذي يسرق مال او ممتلكات غيره, اللفظ "سارق" يشير الى اللص الذي يؤذي او يهدد الاشخاص الذين يقوم بسرقتهم. . تكلم يسوع عن السامري الصالح الذي اهتم بالرجل الذي هاجمه اللصوص. ضرب اللصوص الرجل و اصابوه قبل ان يسرقوا امواله. . كل من اللصوص و السارقين يأتون فجأة للسرقة, في الوقت الذي لا يتوقعه الناس. عادة ما يستخدمون غطاء الظلام لاخفاء ما يقومون به. . بالمعنى الرمزي, يصف العهد الجديد الشيطان كسارق يأتي ليسرق, يقتل, و يخرب. و هذا يعني ان خطة الشيطان هي محاولة جعل شعب الله يتوقفون عن طاعته, يسرق منهم الاشياء الجيدة التي اراد لهم الله ان يختبروها. . قارن يسوع بين مجيئه المفاجيء و المجيء المفاجيء للص الذي يأتي ليسرق من الناس. مثلما يأتي اللص في الساعة التي لا يتوقعها الناس, كذلك يسوع سوف يعود في زمن لا يتوقعه الناس.

لعازر

لعازر و اختيه, مريم و مرثا, هم اصدقاء مميزين بالنسبة ليسوع. و عادة ما يجلس معه في بيتهم في بيت عنيا. . لعازر معروف اكثر بحقيقة ان يسوع اقامه من بين الاموات بعد ان مات و دفن في قبره لعدة ايام. . غضب قادة اليهود و غاروا من يسوع عندما قام بهذه المعجزة و حاولوا ايجاد طريقة لقتل كل من يسوع و لعازر. . اخبر يسوع ايضا عن مثل بخصوص شحاذ فقير و رجل غني و كان اسم الشحاذ "لعازر".

لعنة, ملعون

اللفظ "لعنة" يعني التسبب في حدوث اشياء سلبية لشخص ما او لشيء ما الذي يصبح ملعونا. . اللعنة ممكن ان يكون تصريح بالضرر الذي سيحدث لشخص ما او لشيء ما. . لعنة شخص ما ممكن ايضا ان يكون التعبير عن الرغبة في حصول اشياء سيئة له. . ممكن ايضا ان تشير الى العقاب او الى اشياء اخرى سلبية التي سببها شخص ما لشخص اخر.

اقتراحات الترجمة
. ممكن ان يترجم هذا اللفظ ب "يسبب حدوث اشياء سيئة ل" او "اعلان ان شيء سيء سيحصل ل" او "القسم بحدوث اشياء شريرة ل". . في سياق ان الله يبعث لعنات لتحل على الناس الغير المطيعين, ممكن ان تترجم ب, "العقاب عن طريق السماح بحدوث اشياء سيئة". . اللفظ "ملعون" عندما يستخدم لوصف الناس ممكن ان يترجم ب, "

لفيفة

في العصور القديمة, اللفيفة هي نوع كتاب طويل, ملفوف من الورق او البردي. . بعد الانتهاء من كتابة اللفيفة او قراءتها, يعاد لفها بإستخدام القضبان الموجودة على النهايات. . تستخدم اللفائف للوثائق الرسمية و الكتابات المقدسة. . احيانا تختم اللفائف المرسلة من طرف الرسول بالشمع. و هذا ما يمنع اي شخص اخر من فتح اللفيفة و الكتابة عليها. . تحتوي اللفائف على الكتابات العبرية التي تقرأ بصوت عالي داخل المجمع.

لوط

لوط هو اسم ابن اخ ابراهيم. . انه ابن هاران اخو ابراهيم. . ارتحل لوط مع ابراهيم الى ارض كنعان و استقر في مدينة سدوم. . لوط هو ابو الموءابيون و العمونيون. . عندما هاجم ملوك الاعداء سدوم و قاموا بسبي لوط, جاء ابراهيم مع عدة مئات من الرجال لانقاذه و استعادة ممتلكاته. . الناس الساكنون في مدينة سدوم كانوا اشرار جدا لهذا دمّر الله هذه المدينة. و لكنه قبل ذلك طلب من لوط و عائلته مغادرة المدينة لكي ينجو بحياتهم.

لوقا

لوقا هو كاتب لإثنين من اسفار العهد الجديد: بشارة لوقا و سفر اعمال الرسل. . في رسالته الى اهل كولوسي, اشار بولس الى لوقا الطبيب. و ذكر بولس ايضا لوقا في رسالتين اخريين من رسائله. . و يعتقد ان لوقا كان يونانيا من الامم قبل ان يعرف المسيح. في بشارته, ذكر العديد من القصص التي تبرز حب يسوع لكل الناس, سواء من اليهود او من الامم. . رافق لوقا بولس في كل من رحلتيه التبشيريتين و ساعده في الخدمة. . بعض الكتابات المبكرة للكنيسة, ذكرت ان لوقا ولد في انطاكية بسوريا.

لوم

ان يلوم شخص ما يعني انتقاد او رفض تصرف او صفات هذا الشخص. اللوم هو تعليق سلبي عن هذا الشخص. . القول ان هذا الشخص هو "فوق الشبهات" او "بعيدا عن الشبهات" او "بلا لوم" يعني ان هذا الشخص يسلك بطريقة تمجد الله و لديه القليل جدا او ليس لديه ما يُنتقد عليه. . الكلمة "لوم" يمكن ايضا ان تترجم ب "تهمة" او "خزي" او "عار". . "يلوم" يمكن ان تترجم ب, "يوبخ" او "يتهم" او "ينتقد", على حسب السياق.

لوياثان

اللفظ "لوياثان" يشير الى حيوان منقرض و كبير جدا,ذكر في الكتابات المبكرة للعهد القديم, في كل من سفر ايوب, المزامير, و اشعياء. . تم وصف لوياثان على انه مخلوق كبير يشبه الثعبان, قوي و عنيف و قادر على جعل المياه من حوله "تغلي". من خلال وصفه فهو شبيه بالديناصور. . اشار اشعياء النبي الى لوياثان ب "الثعبان المنزلق". . كتب ايوب عن المعرفة المباشرة للوياثان, قد يكون هذا الحيوان مازال موجودا اثناء فترة حياة ايوب.

ليئة

ليئة هي احدى زوجات يعقوب. و هي ام لعشرة من ابناء يعقوب الذين اصبح نسلهم بعض من عشائر اسرائيل الاثنى عشر. . ابوها هو لابان, و هو اخو رفقة ام يعقوب. . لم يكن يعقوب يحب ليئة كثيرا مثلما كان يحب راحيل و لكن الله بارك ليئة جدا بأن اعطاها الكثير من الابناء. . احد ابناء ليئة, وهو يهوذا, احد آباء الملك داود ويسوع.

مأدبة

المأدبة هي وجبة كبيرة ورسمية عادة تشتمل على مختلف اصناف الطعام. . في الزمن القديم, الملوك عادة يقومون بمأدبة لاستضافة القادة السياسيين و الضيوف الاخرين. . ممكن ان تترجم كذلك ب, "وجبة مفضلة" او "العديد من اصناف الاكل".

مؤمن

في الكتاب المقدس, اللفظ "مؤمن" تشير الى شخص يؤمن و يعتمد على يسوع المسيح كمخلص. . اللفظ "مؤمن" لغويا يعني " الشخص الذي يؤمن". . اللفظ "مسيحي" جاء في نهاية المطاف ليكون اللقب الرئيسي للمؤمنين لانه يشير الى الذين يؤمنون بالمسيح و يطيعون تعاليمه.

اقتراحات الترجمة . بعض الترجمات ربما تفضل القول, "المؤمن بيسوع" او "المؤمن بالمسيح". . هذا اللفظ ممكن ان يترجم بكلمة او عبارة بهذا المعنى, "الشخص الذي يثق بيسوع" او "الشخص الذي عرف يسوع و يحيا من اجله". . طرق اخرى لترجمة "مؤمن" ممكن ان تكون, "تابع ليسوع" او " الشخص الذي يعرف و يطيع يسوع". . اللفظ "مؤمن" هو بصفة عامة لفظ لاي مؤمن بالمسيح, في حين " تلميذ" و " رسول" يستعملان اكثر بصفة خاصة للاشخاص الذين يعرفون ان يسوع حي. من الافضل ترجمة هذه الالفاظ بطرق مختلفة, لكي نستطيع التمييز بينهم.

ماء, مياه

بالاضافة الى المعنى الاولي, "ماء" عادة ما يشير ايضا الى مجمع مائي, مثل المحيط, البحر, النهر. . اللفظ "مياه" يشير الى اجسام من الماء او الى الكثير من مصادر الماء. و قد تكون ايضا اشارة الى كمية كبيرة من الماء. . الاستخدام الرمزي ل "ماء" يشير الى محنة عظيمة, صعوبات, و معاناة. على سبيل المثال, وعد الله انه عندما "نجتاز وسط المياه" فهو يكون معنا. . العبارة "مياه كثيرة" تؤكد كم ان الصعوبات عظيمة. . "ماء" للماشية و الحيوانات الاخرى يعني ان "يوفر ماءا لها. خلال ازمنة الكتاب المقدس, يتم سحب الماء من البئر ووضعها في حوض صغير او خزان لتشرب منها الحيوانات. . في العهد القديم, يشار الى الله على انه هو مصدر او منبع "المياه الحية" بالنسبة لشعبه. هذا يعني انه هو مصدر القوة الروحية و الانتعاش. . في العهد الجديد, استخدم يسوع العبارة "ماء حي" للاشارة الى الروح القدس داخل الشخص و هو الذي يغير و يعطي حياة جديدة.

اقتراحات الترجمة . العبارة, "سحب الماء" قد تترجم ب, "اخراج الماء من البئر بواسطة الدلو". . ستجري من داخلهم انهار من الماء الحي" يمكن ان تترجم ب, "قوة وبركات الروح القدس سوف تجري من داخلهم مثل انهار من الماء". بدلا من "بركات" يمكن استخدام اللفظ "عطايا" او "صفات صالحة". . عندما كان يسوع يتكلم مع المرأة السامرية عند البئر, العبارة "ماء حي" يمكن ان تترجم ب "الماء الذي يعطي الحياة" او "الماء المانح للحياة". في هذا السياق, تصور الماء يجب ان يبقى في الترجمة. .على حسب السياق, اللفظ "مياه" او "مياه كثيرة" يجب ان تترجم ب "ألم عظيم".

مادي

مادي هي امبراطورية قديمة تقع شرق اشور و بابل, و شمال عيلام و فارس. يدعى سكان الامبراطورية المادية ب "ماديين". . الامبراطورية المادية كانت تغطي المناطق المعروفة حاليا بتركيا, ايران, سوريا, العراق, و افغانستان. . ارتبط الماديون ارتباطا وثيقا بفارس و قامت الامبراطوريتان بتوحيد قواهما لغزو الامبراطورية البابلية. . تم غزو الامبراطورية البابلية من طرف داريوس المادي في الفترة التي كان يعيش فيها النبي دانيال هناك.

ماشك

ماشك هو اسم لرجلين من العهد القديم. . احدهما هو ماشك ابن شافاط. . الاخر هو الابن الاكبر ليافث. . ماشك هو اسم ايضا لمنطقة من الارض التي سميت على احد هذين الرجلين. . منطقة ماشك من المحتمل انها كانت تقع في احد اجزاء تركيا الحالية.

ماشية

اللفظ "ماشية" يشير الى الحيوانات التي يتم تربيتها للحصول على الغذاء و منتوجات اخرى مفيدة. بعض انواع الماشية تستخدم ايضا كحيوانات يتم استغلالها في العمل. . انواع الماشية تشمل الغنم, البقر, الماعز, الاحصنة, و الحمير. . عبر ازمنة الكتاب المقدس, تقاس الثروة جزئيا بالنظر الى كمية الماشية التي يملكها الشخص. . تستخدم الماشية لانتاج المنتوجات مثل الصوف, الحليب, الجبن, مواد الاسكان. والملابس. . قد تترجم ايضا ب "حيوانات المزرعة".

ماعز, جدي

الماعز هو حيوان من الحجم المتوسط ذو اربعة اطراف يشبه الخروف ويربى للاستفادة من حليبه و لحمه. صغير الماعز يسمى "جديٌ". . مثل الخراف, الماعز هي حيوانات مهمة يتم تقديمها للذبيحة, وخصوصا في عيد الفصح. . بالرغم من ان الماعز و الخراف متشابهة كثيرا, و لكن هناك اختلاف في بعض الاشياء:
. الماعز لها جلد من الشعر, و الخراف لها جلد من صوف. . ذيل الماعز يكون واقفا, و ذيل الخراف فيكون متدليا. . تحب الخراف عادة البقاء مع راعيها, لكن الماعز مستقلة اكثر و تميل الى التجوال بعيدا عن العشب. . في زمن الكتاب المقدس, كانت الماعز دائما مصدر اساسي للحليب في اسرائيل. . جلود الماعز تستخدم كأغطية للخيم و لصنع الزقاق لحفظ الخمر. . في كلا من العهدين القديم و الجديد, يستخدم الماعز كرمز للشعوب الآثمة, قد يكون بسبب ميلها للتجوال بعيدا عن الشخص الذي يقوم برعايتها. . يستخدم بني اسرائيل الماعز ايضا رمزا لمرتكبي الخطية. عندما يتم تقديم الماعز الاول كذبيحة, يجب على الكاهن ان يضع يده على رأس الماعز الثاني الحي و يرسله الى الصحراء كرمز للحيوان الذي يحمل خطية الشعب.

مبشر

ال "مبشر" هو الشخص الذي يخبر الاخرين بالاخبار السارة المتعلقة بيسوع المسيح. . المعنى الحرفي ل "مبشر" هو "الشخص الذي ينشر الاخبار السارة". . ارسل يسوع رسله لينشروا الاخبار السارة عن كيف يكمن للشخص ان يصبح جزء من ملكوت الله من خلال الثقة بيسوع المسيح و ذبيحته من اجل الخطية. . كل المسيحيين يتم حثهم على مشاركة الاخبار السارة. . بعض المسيحيين أُعطيت لهم موهبة روحية خاصة لمشاركة الاخبار السارة مع الاخرين. نقول عنهم هؤلاء الاشخاص ان لديهم موهبة التبشير و نسميهم "مبشرين".

اقتراحات الترجمة . اللفظ "مبشر"ممكن ان يترجم ب, "الشخص الذي يعظ بالاخبار السارة" او "معلم الاخبار السارة" او "الشخص الذي يعلن الاخبار السارة".

متعقل

اللفظ "متعقل" يصف الشخص الذي يفكر يروية في افعاله و يتخذ قرارات حكيمة. . عادة "التعقل" يشير الى القدرة على اتخاذ قرارات حكيمة بخصوص الامور العملية و الملموسة, مثل تسيير الاموال او الممتلكات. . على حسب السياق, "متعقل" قد تترجم ايضا ب, "نبيه" او "حذر" او "حكيم".

متغطرس

اللفظ "متغطرس" يعني ان يكون فخور او متكبر. انه يشير الى الشخص الذي يفكر بصفة متعالية عن نفسه. . عادة هذا اللفظ يصف تكبر الشخص الذي يستمر في الخطية ضد الله. . غالبا الشخص المتغطرس يتباهى بنفسه. . الشخص المتغطرس هو شخص جاهل, و ليس حكيم. . هذا اللفط ممكن ان يترجم ايضا ب "فخور" او "متكبر" او "اناني". . التعبير المجازي "عيون متغطرسة" ممكن ان يترجم ب, "طريقة نظر متكبرة" او "ينظر الى الاخرين على انهم غير مهمين" او "شخص متكبر ينظر الى الاخرين بتعالي".

متكبر

اللفظ " متكبر" يعني ان يكون فخور, بشكل واضح, و بطريقة ظاهرة. . الشخص المتكبر دائما ما يتباهى بنفسه. . ان يكون الشخص متكبرا عادة تتضمن التفكير بان الاشخاص الاخرين غير مهمين و غير موهوبين مثله هو. . الناس الذين لا يمجدون الله و المتمردون عليه هم اشخاص متكبرون لانهم لا يقرون كم ان الله عظيم.

متواضع, تواضع

اللفظ "متواضع" يصف الشخص الذي لا يعتقد في نفسه انه افضل من الاخرين. لا يفتخر و لا يتكبر. التواضع هو الميزة في ان يكون متواضع. . ان يكون متواضع امام الله هذا يعني الاعتراف بضعفنا و عدم كمالنا بالمقارنة مع عظمته, حكمته, كماله. . ان يضع شخص نفسه, هو ان يضع نفسه في مكانة اقل اهمية. . التواضع هو الاهتمام باحتاجات الاخرين اكثر من احتياجته الخاصة. . التواضع هو ايضا ان يخدم بموقف متواضع عندما يستخدم الموهبة او القدرات الشخصية. . العبارة "كن متواضعا" ممكن ان تترجم ب "لا تكن متفاخرا". . "تواضع امام الله" ممكن ان تترجم ب, "اخضع ارادتك لله, اعترف بعظمته".

متواضع, تواضع

اللفظين "متواضع" و "تواضع" يشير الى ان يصبح فقيرا او ان يكون لديه مكانة متواضعة. هذا اللفظ يمكن ايضا ان يحمل معنى ان يكون وديع. . وضع يسوع نفسه في مكانة متواضعة و ذلك بتجسده اخذا صورة انسان من اجل خدمة الاخرين. . كانت ولادته متواضعة لأنه ولد في مذود تربى فيه الحيوانات, و لم يولد داخل قصر. . ان يكون في موقف متواضع هو عكس ان يكون متكبرا. . طرق لترجمة "متواضع" ممكن ان تشمل, "وديع" او "من مكانة متواضعة" او "غير مهم".

متى, لاوي

متى هو واحد من النلاميذ الاثنى عشر الذين اختارهم يسوع لكي يكونوا رسله. و هو معروف ايضا بإسم لاوي, ابن حلفي. . لاوي (متى) كان جامع ضرائب من كفرناحوم قبل ان يتبع يسوع. . كتب متى الانجيل الذي يحمل اسمه. . هناك العديد ن الرجال يحملون اسم لاوي في الكتاب المقدس.

مثل

المثل هو تصريح قصير يعبر عن حكمة او حقيقة. . تعتبر الامثال قوية لانها سهلة التذكر و التداول. . عادة ما يتضمن المثل نموذجا تطبيقيا من الحياة اليومية. . بعض الامثال تكون واضحة جدا و مباشرة, في حين يكون بعضها اكثر صعوبة للفهم. . يعرف الملك سليمان بحكمته و قد كتب ما يقارب 1000 مثل. . عادة ما كان يسوع يستخدم الامثال و العبر اثناء تعليمه للجموع. . طرق لترجمة "مثل" قد تشمل, "قول حكيم" او "كلمة صحيحة".

مثل, شبه

اللفظين "مثل" و "شبه" يشير الى شيء يصبح نفس, او شبيه بشيء اخر. . الكلمة "مثل" ايضا عادة ما تستخدم للتعبير المجازي الذي يدعى "تشبيه" الذي يقارن فيه شيء بشيء آخر. مثلا, "هذه الملابس تضيء مثل الشمس" و "هذا الصوت يرعد مثل الرعد". (see:[simil])https://git.door43org/Door43/en-ta-taanslate-vol1/master/cnntent/fggs_8imile.md)) . ان "يكون مثل" او "وكأنه مثل" او "يبدو مثل" شيء ما او شخص ما يعني ان يمتلك مميزات تشبه الشيء او الشخص المقارن به. . خُلق الناس على "شبه" الله", "على صورته". هذا يعني ان لهم صفات و مميزات "مثل" او "شبيهة ب" المميزات التي عند الله, مثل القدرة على التفكير, الشعور, التواصل. . ان يكون له "الشبه ب" شيء ما او شخص ما يعني ان يكون له مميزات تشبه هذا الشيء او الشخص.

اقتراحات الترجمة

. في بعض السياقات, التعبير, "الشبه ب" ممكن ان تترجم ب, "الذي يبدو مثل" او "الذي يظهر وكأنه". . التعبير, "فيما يشبه موته" ممكن ان تترجم ب, "بالمشاركة في تجربة موته" او "مثل تجربة الموت معه". . التعبير"فيما يشبه جسد الخطية" ممكن ان تترجم ب "اصبح مثل البشر الخطاة" او "اصبح كائنا بشريا". تأكد من ان ترجمة هذا التعبير لا يُفهم و كأن يسوع خاطيء. . "بشبهه" ممكن ان تترجم ب "ان يكون مثله" او "لديه الكثير من المميزات مثله" . التعبير "و يشبه صورة رجل فاسد, طيور, وحوش, ذات اربع اقدام, اشياء زاحفة" ممكن ان تترجم ب "صنع التماثيل لتبدو مثل انسان فاسد, او حيوانات, او طيور, او وحوش, و الاشياء الصغيرة التي تزحف.

مثلٌ

اللفظ "مثل" عادة ما يشير الى قصة قصيرة او درس نموذجي يستخدم لشرح او تعليم حقيقة اخلاقية. . استخدم يسوع الامثال لكي يعلم تلاميذه. بالرغم من انه كلم جموع الناس بأمثال, الا انه لم يكن دائما يشرح المثل. . يمكن استخدام المثل لإظهار الحقيقة لتلاميذه غير انه يخفي هذه الحقيقة عن اناس مثل الفريسيين الذين لم يكونوا يؤمنون بيسوع. . كلم النبي ناثان الملك داود بمثل لكي يبين للملك بشاعة خطيئته. . قصة السامري الصالح هي مثال عن احد الامثال بشكل قصة. مقارنة يسوع بين الخمر الجديدة و الخمر العتيقة هي مثال عن درس نموذجي لمساعدة التلاميذ لفهم تعليم يسوع.

مجاعة

اللفظ "مجاعة" يشير الى ندرة شديدة في الطعام التي تجتاح بلاد او منطقة, بسبب ندرة الامطار. . يمكن ان تقل المحاصيل الزراعية لاسباب طبيعية مثل ندرة الامطار, تلف المحاصيل, او الحشرات. . قد يتسبب الناس ايضا في قلة الغذاء, مثل إتلاف الاعداء للمحاصيل. . في الكتاب المقدس, يتسبب الله عادة في المجاعة كطريقة لمعاقبة الامم عندما يخطؤون ضده. . في عاموس 8: 11 اللفظ "مجاعة" يستخدم بطريقة مجازية لكي يشير الى الوقت الذي يعاقب فيه شعبه بأن لا يتكلم إليهم. هذا ممكن ان يترجم بكلمة "جوع" في لغتك, او بعبارة مثل, "النقص الشديد" او "الحرمان الشديد".

مجدٌ, مجيد

بصفة عامة, اللفظ"مجد" يعني شرف, روعة, و عظمة فائقة. اي شيء له مجد يسمى "مجيد". . في بعض الاحيان "مجد" يشير الى شيء ما ذو قيمة و اهمية عظيمة. في سياقات اخرى, التعبير "مجد الرعاة" يشير الى وفرة المرعى الذي ترعى فيه اغنامهم الذي فيه الكثير من العشب. . المجد يستخدم خصوصا لوصف الله, الذي هو امجد من اي شخص او شيء في الوجود. كل شيء في شخصه يظهر مجده, و عظمته. . العبارة "يتمجد في" يعني ان يتباهى ب او ان يفتخر بشيء ما.

اقتراحات الترجمة

. على حسب السياق, طرق مختلفة لترجمة "مجد" ممكن ان تشمل, "روعة" او "سطوع" او "جلالة" او "عظمة فائقة" او "قيمة قصوى". . اللفظ "مجيد" ممكن ان تترجم ب "مليء بالمجد" او "قيمة عظيمة للغاية" او "ساطعة بقوة" او "مهابة رائعة". . التعبير, "اعطوا المجد لله" ممكن ان تترجم ب "اكرموا عظمة الله" او "سبحوا الله لاجل عظمته" او "اخبروا الاخرين كم هو عظيم الله". . التعبير "المجد في" ممكن ان تترجم ب, "سبحوا" او "افتخر ب" او "تباهى ب" او "استمتع ب".

مجلس

المجلس هو مجموعة من الناس الذين يجتمعون مع بعض لمناقشة, تقديم المشورة, وأخذ القرارات حول مسائل مهمة. . ينعقد المجلس عادة بصفة رسمية و منتظمة من اجل عرض محدد, مثل أخذ القرارات في مسائل قانونية. . "مجلس اليهود" في اورشليم, يعرف أيضا بال "سنهدريم", يضم 70 عضوا, و يجتمع فيه قادة اليهود مثل رؤساء الكهنة, الشيوخ, الكتبة, الفريسيين, و الصدوقيين الذين يجتمعون بإنتظام لأخذ القرارات التي تخص الشريعة اليهودية. و كان هذا هو مجلس رجال الدين الذي فيه حكموا على يسوع و قرروا انه يجب ان يعدم. . و هناك مجالس يهودية صغيرة في مدن اخرى. . الرسول بولس جلب امام مجلس روماني عندما قبض عليه بسبب نشره بشارة الخلاص. . على حسب السياق, الكلمة "مجلس" ممكن ايضا ان تترجم ب "اجتماع رسمي" او "اجتماع سياسي". . ان يكون منضم الى "مجلس" يعني ان يكون في الاجتماع الخاص لاخذ قرار في شيء ما. . ملاحظة هناك لفظ مختلف لكلمة "نصيحة" التي تعني, "مشورة حكيمة". ( في بعض اللغات التي تكب بالحرف اللاتيني)

مجلس, مجمع

اللفظ "مجلس" عادة يشير الى مجموعة من الناس التي تتجمع معا لمناقشة مشاكل, تقديم المشورة, و صنع القرارات. . المجلس ممكن ان يكون مجموعة منظمة مسؤولة الى حد ما و بطريقة منتظمة, او ممكن ان تكون مجموعة من الناس الذين يجتمعون مع بعض بإنتظام لغرض او لمناسبة معينة. . في العهد القديم هناك نوع خاص من المجالس يدعى "المجمع المقدس" اين يجتمع بنو اسرائيل لعبادة الرب. . في بعض الاحيان اللفظ "مجمع" يشير بصفة عامة الى الاسرائيليين , كمجموعة . التجمع الكبير لجيوش الاعداء في بعض الاحيان يشار اليه على انه "مجمع". من الممكن ان يُترجم ب "جيش". . في العهد الجديد, مجلس ل 70 قائدا من اليهود في المدن الاساسية مثل اورشليم يعقد للحكم على المسائل القانونية و حل النزاعات بين الشعب. عرف هذا المجمع باسم " السنهدريم" او " مجمع". اقتراحات الترجمة . على حسب السياق, "المجمع" ممكن ان يترجم كذلك ب "تجمع خاص" او " تجمع" او "مجلس" او " جيش" او " مجموعة كبيرة". . اذا كان اللفظ "مجمع" يشير بصفة خاصة الى بني اسرائيل ككل, من الممكن ان تترجم كذلك ب " جماعة" او " شعب اسرائيل". . العبارة, "كل الجماعة" ممكن ان تترجم ب "كل الشعب" او " كل جماعة اسرائيل" او " كل واحد"

مجمع اليهود

المجمع هو بناية حيث يجتمع الشعب اليهودي مع بعضهم لعبادة الله. . منذ العصور القديمة, كانت خدمة المجامع تتضمن اوقات العبادة, قراءة الكتب المقدسة, و التعليم من الكتب المقدسة. . ابتدأ اليهود في بناء المجامع كأماكن للصلاة و العبادة في مدنهم, لان الكثير منهم يسكنون بعيدا عن الهيكل في اورشليم. . علم يسوع في المجمع و شفى الناس هناك. . الكلمة "مجمع" قد تستخدم رمزيا للاشارة الى مجموعة من الناس تلتقي معا.

مجّد, تمجيد

ان يمجد هو الثناء بشدة على شخص ما و تكريمه. ممكن ان يعني ايضا ان يضع شخصا ما في مكانة عالية. . في الكتاب المقدس, اللفظ "مجّد" دائما ما يستخدم لتمجيد الله. . عندما يمجد شخص ما نفسه, هذا يعني انه يفكر عن نفسه بطريقة تكبر و افتخار.

اقتراحات الترجمة . طرق لترجمة "يمجد" ممكن ان تشمل, "الثناء بشدة" او "يكرم بشكل عظيم" او "مجّد" او "يتحدث كثيرا عن". . في بعض السياقات, ممكن ان تترجم بكلمة او عبارة يكون معناها, "وضه في مكانة عالية"او "يعطي شرف اكثر ل" او "تكلم بفخر". . لا تمجد نفسك" ممكن ان تترجم ب "لا تعتبر نفسك كثيرا" او "لا تتفاخر بنفسك". . "هؤلاء يمجدون انفسهم" ممكن ان تترجم ب "هؤلاء الذين يفتخرون بأنفسهم" او "هؤلاء الذين يتباهون بأنفسهم".

محا, مسح

اللفظان "محا" و " مسح" هما تعبيران بمعنى الازالة التامة او التدمير الكلي لشيء ما او شخص ما. . هذان التعبيران ممكن ان يستعملا في المعنى الايجابي, مثلا عندما "يمسح" الله عنا خطايانا بالغفران و يختار ان لا يتذكرها. . و هي كذلك تستعمل بالمعنى السلبي, مثلا الله "يمحي " او "يمسح" مجموعة من الناس, يدمرهم الله بسبب خطيئتهم. . الكتاب المقدس يتكلم عن شخص بادءا اسمه ب "ممحي من" او "مُسح من" كتاب الحياة, مما يعني ان هذا الشخص سوف لن يحصل على الحياة الابدية.

اقتراحات الترجمة

. على حسب السياق, هذان التعبيران ممكن ان يترجما ب "تخلص من" او "أُزيل" او "دُمر نهائيا" او " ازيل نهائيا". . عندما يشير الى محو اسم شخص ما من كتاب الحياة, هذا ممكن ان يترجم ب, " ازيل من" او "تنحية".

محاب, محاباة

اللفظ "محاب" و "اظهار المحاباة" يشير الى اختيار معاملة بعض الناس بأهمية اكثر من سواهم. . هذا شبيه بإظهار التحيز, الذي يعني معاملة بعض الناس افضل من غيرهم. . عادة المحاباة او التحيز يتم اظهارها للناس لانهم اكثر غنى او اكثر شهرة من غيرهم. . يعلم الكتاب المقدس المؤمنين به بعدم اظهار المحاباة او التحيز للاغنياء او لذوي المراكز العالية. . في رسالته الى اهل روما, علم بولس ان الله سوف يدين بعدل و عدم محاباة. . يعلم سفر يعقوب انه من الخطأ اعطاء شخص ما مكانا افضل او معاملته افضل من الاخرين لانه غني.

محارب, جندي

اللفظين "محارب" و "جندي" كلاهما يشيران الى شخص يحارب في جيش. و لكن هناك بعض الاختلافات. . عادة اللفظ "محارب" هوبصفة عامة, لفظ شامل للاشارة الى الرجل الموهوب و الشجاع في ميدان المعركة. . يوصف الله مجازيا على انه "محارب". . اللفظ "جندي" اكثر تحديدا و يشير الى شخص ينتمي الى جيش معين او الذي يقاتل في معركة معينة. . الجنود الرومان في اورشليم كانوا هناك للحفاظ على النظام القيام ببعض المهام مثل اعدام السجناء. و قاموا بحراسة يسوع بعد ان صلبوه و بعض منهم امروا ان يحرسوا قبره. . على المترجم ان يأخذ بعين الاعتبار ان هناك لفظين في اللغة المستهدفة ل "محارب" و "جندي" و يختلفان في المعنى و الاستخدام.

محاكمة

اللفظ "محاكمة"يشير الى موقف يتم فيه تجربة و اختبارشخص ما او شيء ما. . قد تكون المحاكمة جلسة قضائية يتم فيها تقديم ادلة عما اذا كان الشخص بريئا او مذنبا بإرتكاب مخالفات. . اللفظ "محاكمة" قد يشير ايضا الى ضروف صعبة يجتازها الشخص ليمتحن الله ايمانه. كلمات اخرى لهذا اللفظ "تجربة" او "اختبار". . جُرب الكثير من الاشخاص في الكتاب المقدس ليُعرف ما اذا كانوا سيستمرون في طاعة الله. مروا بالمحاكمات التي شملت الضرب, السجن, و حتى القتل بسبب ايمانهم.

محبة

ان نحب شخص اخر هو ان نهتم بهذا الشخص و ان نعمل الاشياء التي تفيده. هناك معاني مختلفة ل "محبة" و التي يتم التعبير عنها بكلمات مختلفة في العديد من اللغات:

  1. نوع الحب الذي يأتي من الله و الذي يركز على عمل الخير للاخرين, حتى وان كان لا يعود عليه بالفائدة. هذا النوع من الحب يهتم بالاخرين بغض النظر عما يقومون به. الله نفسه محبة و هو مصدر الحب الحقيقي. . اظهر يسوع هذا النوع من الحب بوضع حياته و ذلك لاجل خلاصنا من الخطية والموت. و علم كذلك تلاميذه بأن يحبوا بعضهم البعض محبة مضحية. . عندما يحب الناس بعضهم بهذا النوع من الحب, فإن هذا يتضمن الافعال التي تظهر ان هناك من يفكر في ما سوف يؤدي الى نمو الشخص الاخر. . في ترجمة ULB , كلمة "محبة" تشير الى هذا النوع من الحب المضحي, ما لم تشير الترجمة الى معنى آخر.
  2. كلمة اخر في العهد الجديد تشير الى المحبة الاخوية او حب الاصدقاء او افراد الاسرة. . هذا اللفظ يشير الى الحب البشري الطبيعي بين الاصدقاء او الاقارب. . و يمكن ان يستخدم في بعض السياقات مثل, "يحبون الجلوس في المجلس الاول في المجامع." هذا يعني انهم "يحبون كثيرا" او "لديهم رغبة شديدة" لفعل هذا.
  3. الكلمة "محبة" يمكن ايضا ان تشير الى الحب الرومانسي بين امرأة و رجل.
  4. في التعبير المجازي, "احببت يعقوب, وابغضت عيسو", كلمة "احببت" تشير الى اختيار الله ليعقوب ليكون في علاقة عهد معه. هذا يمكن ايضا ان يترجم ب "مختار". على الرغم من ان عيسو كان مباركا من الله ايضا الا انه لم يمنح شرف الوجود في العهد. اللفظ "ابغض" استخدم مجازيا هنا ليقصد به "مرفوض" او "غير مختار".

اقتراحات الترجمة

. ما لم يذكر خلاف ذلك في ملاحظات الترجمة, الكلمة "محبة" في ULB تشير الى نوع الحب المضحي الذي يأتي من الله. . قد يكون لبعض اللغات كلمات خاصة لهذا النوع الغير اناني, المضحي, الذي لدى الله. طرق لترجمة هذا قد تشمل, "الاهتمام الامين و المكرس" او "الرعاية الغير انانية" او "الحب الذي من الله". تأكد من ان الكلمة التي تستخدم لترجمة محبة الله يمكن ان تشمل التخلي عن المصالح الشخصية لصالح الاخرين بغض النظر عما يفعلون. . في بعض الاحيان الكلمة الانجليزية "محبة" تصف الاهتمام العميق الذي يوليه الاشخاص للاصدقاء و افراد الاسرة. بعض اللغات يمكن ان تترجم هذا بكلمة او عبارة يكون معناها, "يحب كثيرا جدا" او "يعتني ب" او "لديه شعور قوي تجاه". . في السياقات التي يستخدم فيها اللفظ "محبة" للتعبير عن تفضيل شيء ما, هذا ممكن ان يترجم ب "التفضيل الشديد" او "يحب كثيرا جدا" او "الرغبة الشديدة". . قد تكون لبعض اللغات كلمات مختلفة للاشارة الى الحب الرومنسي او الجنسي بين الرجل و زوجته. . الكثير من اللغات يجب ان تعبر عن "المحبة" كفعل. لهذا على سبيل المثال, قد يتم ترجمة "المحبة تتأنى, المحبة ترفق" ب, "عندما يحب احدهم شخصا ما, فإنه يكون صبورا و مشفقا عليه"

محراث

"المحراث" هو آلة زراعية تستخدم لتقليب التربة لأعداد الحقل للزرع. . للمحاريث شوكات حادة مدببة لكي تغوص في التربة. و غالبا لديها اذرع يستخدمها الفلاح ليوجه المحراث. . خلال عصور الكتاب المقدس, تقاد المحاريث عادة من طرف زوجي ثور, او حيوانات اخرى مخصصة للقيام بالاعمال الزراعية. . المحاريث في جملتها تصنع من الخشب الصلب, بأستثناء الشوكات الحادة التي تصنع من المعدن, مثل النحاس و الحديد.

محرقة, تقدمة محرقة

ال "محرقة" هي نوع من الذبيحة المقدمة لله التي تحرق على المذبح بالنار. تُقدم للتكفير عن خطايا الشعب. تسمى كذلك ب"تقدمة محرقة". . الحيوانات الستخدمة لهذه التقدمة عادة تكون من الخراف او الماعز, و كذلك الثيران والطيور. . ما عدا الجلد, يحرق الحيوان بأكمله في هذه التقدمة. الجلد او الفرو يقدم للكاهن. . امر الله الشعب اليهودي بتقديم المحرقة مرتين في كل يوم.

محرم (غير شرعي)

اللفظين "محرم" و "غير شرعي" يستخدمان لوصف افعال تخالف الشريعة. . في العهد الجديد, اللفظ "محرم" لا يستخدم فقط للاشارة الى كسر شريعة الله, بل ايضا عادة ما يشير الى كسر القوانين البشرية التي وضعها رجال الدين اليهود. . عبر السنين, اضاف اليهود قوانين الى الشرائع التي اعطاها الله لهم. يقول قادة اليهود عن شيء انه محرم اذا كان لا يتماشى مع تعاليمهم. . عندما قطف يسوع و تلاميذه سنابل القمح يوم السبت, اتهمهم الفريسيون بفعل شيء "محرم" لانهم خالفوا تعاليم اليهود بعدم العمل يوم السبت. . عندما ذكر بطرس بأن اكل طعام نجس هو شيء "محرم" بالنسبة له, هذا يعني انه اذا اكل من هذه الاطعمة سوف يخالف شريعة الله التي اعطاها لبني اسرائيل بعدم اكل بعض الاطعمة.

اقتراحات الترجمة . يجب ترجمة هذا اللفظ باستخدام كلمة او تعبير يكون معناه, "ليس شرعي" او "يخالف الشريعة". . طرق اخرى لترجمة "محرم" قد تكون, "غير مسموح" او "لا يتماشى مع شريعة الله" او "لا يتطابق مع شريعتنا". . التعبير "ضد الشريعة" له نفس معنى "محرم".

محظية

المحظية هي المرأة التي تمثل الزوجة الثانوية لرجل عادة ما يكون عنده زوجة. عادة المحظية هي ليست زوجة قانونية للرجل. . في العهد القديم, المحظيات هن عادة من اناث العبيد. . المحظية ممكن ان تكتسب عن طريق الشراء, الغزو العسكري, او من تسديد دين. . بالنسبة للملك, ان يكون لديه العديد من المحظيات هي عادة علامة على القوة. . يعلم العهد الجديد ان ممارسة امتلاك المحظية هو ضد ارادة الله.

مخزن

"المخزن" هو بناء كبير يستخدم لحفظ الاغذية او الاشياء الاخرى, عادة ما يكون ذلك لفترة طويلة. . في الكتاب المقدس "المخزن" عادة ما يستخدم لحفظ الفائض من الحبوب و الاغذية الاخرى لاستخدامها لاحقا عندما يكون نقص في الغذاء بسبب المجاعة. . هذا اللفظ استخدم ايضا بطريقة رمزية للاشارة الى كل الاشياء الصالحة التي سوف يعطيها الله لشعبه. . تحتوي مخازن الهيكل على اشياء ثمينة, مثل الذهب و الفضة, التي تم تقديمها للرب. بعض من هذه الاشياء تستخدم لترميم و صيانة الهيكل. . طرق اخرى لترجمة "مخزن" قد تشمل, "بناء لحفظ الحبوب" او "مكان لحفظ الاغذية" او "غرفة لحفظ الاشياء الثمينة بأمان".

مخلِص

اللفظ "مُخلص" يشير الى الشخص الذي ينقذ او يُخلص من الخطر. و قد تشير ايضا الى الشخص الذي يعطي القوة الى الاخرين او يوفرها لهم. . في العهد القديم, يشار الى الله على انه مخلص اسرائيل لانه عادة ما ينقذهم من اعداءهم, و يعطيهم القوة, و يلبي احتياجاتهم. . في العهد الجديد, "مخلص" تستخدم كوصف او لقب ليسوع المسيح لانه يخلص البشر من العقاب الابدي الذي تسببه الخطية. و كذلك يخلص من سيادة الخطية عليهم.

اقتراحات الترجمة . اذا امكن. يجب ترجمة "مخلص" بكلمة تكون مرتبطة بالكلمة "خلّص" و "خلاص". . طرق لترجمة هذا اللفظ قد تشمل, "الذي يخلص" او "الله, الذي يخلص" او "الذي يحرر من الخطر" او "الذي ينقذ من الاعداء" او "يسوع, الذي ينقذ".

مدبر, وكيل

اللفظ "مدبر" او "وكيل" في الكتاب المقدس يشير الى الخادم الذي يعهد له الاهتمام بممتلكات سيده و اجراء الصفقات. . يعطى للوكيل الكثير من المسؤوليات, بما في ذلك مراقبة عمل بقية الخدم. . اللفظ "مدبر" هو لفظ اكثر حداثة من وكيل. كلا اللفظين يشيران الى الشخص الذي يدير اجراءات الاعمال لصالح شخص اخر.

اقتراحات الترجمة

. هذا يمكن ان يترجم ايضا ب, "مشرف" او "مدبر اعمال البيت" او "الخادم الذي يدير" او "الشخص الذي ينظم".

مديان, مديانيين

مديان هو ابن ابراهيم من زوجته قطورة. و هو ايضا اسم لاحد الشعوب في المنطقة الواقعة شمال صحراء العرب الى جنوب ارض كنعان. هذا الشعب يسمى "المديانيين". . عندما غادر موسى مصر لاول مرة, توجه الى منطقة مديان اين إلتقى ببنات يثرون و ساعدهن على سقي قطعانهن. فيما بعد تزوج موسى احدى بنات يثرون. . أُخذ موسى الى مصر من طرف مجموعة من التجار العبيد المديانيين. . سنوات عديدة فيما بعد داهم المديانيون بني اسرائيل و هاجموهم في بلاد كنعان. و قاد جدعون بني اسرائيل للانتصار عليهم. . العديد من القبائل العربية اليوم منحدرون من هذا الشعب.

مدينة داود

اللفظ "مدينة داود" هو الاسم الآخر لكل من اورشليم و بيت لحم. . اورشليم هي المكان الذي عاش فيه داود عندما حكم اسرائيل. . بيت لحم هي المكان الذي ولد فيه داود.

مدينة مقدسة

في الكتاب المقدس, اللفظ "مدينة مقدسة" يشير الى مدينة اورشليم. . يستخدم هذا اللفظ للاشارة الى مدينة اورشليم القديمة اضافة الى الجديدة, اورشليم السماوية التي يسكن فيها الله و يملك على شعبه. . هذا اللفظ ممكن ان يترجم بدمج "مقدسة" و "مدينة" التي يتم استخدامها في بقية الترجمة.

مذبح

كان المذبح كومة من الحجارة موضوعة فوق بعضها يستعملها بنو اسرائيل لتقديم الحيوانات و الحبوب كمحرقة و قرابين للرب.

. في ازمنة الكتاب المقدس, في كثير من الاحيان تقام مذابح بسيطة بتكويم الاتربة او بوضع الاحجار الكبيرة بعناية لتشكل كومة ثابتة. . بعض المذابح الخاصة منحوتة على شكل صناديق مصنوعة من الخشب و بعض المعادن مثل الذهب او النحاس او البرونز. . الشعوب الاخرى التي تعيش بالقرب من بني اسرائيل هي كذلك تبني مذابح لتقديم القرابين لالهتها.

مذبح البخور

كان مذبح البخور قطعة من الاثاث التي يحرق عليها الكاهن البخوركتقدمة لله. و كان يسمى ايضا المذبح الذهبي.

. مذبح البخور كان مصنوعا من الخشب و من الفوق و الجانبين مغلف بالذهب. و كان طوله نصف متر, و عمقه نصف متر, و عرضه نصف متر. . في البداية كان موضوعا في الخيمة. ثم وضع في الهيكل. . في كل صباح و كل مساء يحرق الكاهن البخور في مذبح البخور. . ممكن ان يترجم كذلك ب "مذبح لايقاد البخور" او "المذبح الذهبي" او "مجمرة البخور" او "مائدة البخور".

مذبحة

اللفظ "مذبحة" يشير الى قتل عدد كبير من الناس او الحيوانات , او القتل و بطريقة عنيفة, و قد يشير ايضا الى قتل حيوان بهدف اكله. . عندما استضاف ابراهيم الزوار الثلاثة في خيمته وسط الصحراء, امر خادمة ان يذبح و يطهو العجل لضيوفه. . تنبأ النبي حزقيال ان الله سوف يرسل ملاكه لذبح كل الذين لم يتبعوا كلمته. . يسجل صموئيل الاول مذبحة عظيمة قتل فيها 30000 اسرائيلي على يد اعداءهم. لانهم عصوا امر الله. . "اسلحة للذبح" يمكن ان تترجم ب "اسلحة للقتل". . التعبير, "كانت المذبحة كبيرة جدا" يمكن ان يترجم ب "قُتل عدد كبير من الناس" او "عدد القتلى كان كبيرا جدا" او "عدد القتلى مرتفع بشكل مخيف". . طرق اخرى لترجمة "مذبحة" يمكن ان تشمل, "قتل" او "ذبح" او "قتْلٌ".

مرتفعات

اللفظ "المرتفعات" يشير الى المذابح و المعابد التي تستخدم لعبادة الاوثان. التي عادة ما تبنى على الاراضي المرتفعة, مثل التل او الجبل. . العديد من ملوك اسرائيل اخطؤوا ضد الله ببناءهم مذابح للالهة المزيفة على هذه المرتفعات. مما ادى الى انغماس الشعب في عبادة الاوثان. . عندما تسود مخافة الله في اسرائيل او يهوذا, عادة ما يهدمون المرتفعات او المذابح بهدف التوقف عن عبادة هذه الاوثان. . و مع ذلك فإن بعضا من هؤلاء الملوك الجيدين لم يهدموا المرتفعات, الامر الذي تسبب في استمرار كل امة اسرائيل في عبادة الاوثان.

اقتراحات الترجمة

. طرق لترجمة هذا اللفظ ممكن ان يشمل, "الاماكن المرتفعة لعبادة الوثن" او "تلة معبد الوثن" او "اكمة مذبح الوثن". . تأكد من وضوح ان هذا اللفظ يشير الى مذابح الوثن, ليس فقط في المرتفعات التي نصبت فيها هذه المذابح.

مرثا

مرثا هي امرأة من بيت عنيا كانت تابعة ليسوع. . لمرثا اخت اسمها مريم و اخ اسمه لعازر, الذين كانا ايضا من اتباع يسوع. . في احد المرات لما زارهم يسوع كانت مرثا مشغولة بإعداد الطعام بينما اختها مريم كانت جالسة تستمع الى تعليم يسوع. . عندما مات لعازر, طلبت مرثا يسوع لانها امنت ان يسوع هو المسيح, ابن الله.

مردخاي

مردخاي هو رجل يهودي عاش في بلاد فارس. و هو الكافل لابنة عمه استير, التي اصبحت فيما بعد زوجة ملك فارس احشيوروش. . لانه كان يعمل داخل القصر الملكي, مردخاي سمع رجالا يتهامسون لقتل الملك احشويورش. قام بالاخبار عنهم و انقذ حياة الملك. . بعد هذا بزمن قصير, كشف مرخاي ايضا عن مخطط لابادة اليهود في مملكة فارس. و نصح استير ان تناشد الملك لانقاذ شعبها.

مرسوم

المرسوم هو اعلان او قانون اعلن بصفة عامة الى كل الشعب. . قوانين الرب أيضا تدعى مراسيم, تشريع, او وصايا. . مثل القوانين والوصايا, المراسيم يجب ان تطاع. . مثال على مرسوم وضع من طرف حاكم بشري كان المرسوم الذي اعلنه أغسطس قيصر الذي ينص على ان كل شخص يسكن في الامبراطورية الرومانية يجب ان يعود الى مدينة مولده و يكتتب هناك في الاحصاء. . ترسيم شيء ما يعني اعطاء امر بوجوب طاعته. هذا ممكن ان يترجم ب, "بأمر من" او "بطلب من" او "يطلب رسميا" او "وضع قانون عام". . "ترسيم" شيء ما وجب حدوثه يعني بأن هذا "سوف يتم بصفة نهائية" او "انه تقرر ولا يمكن ان يتغير" او "تقرر مطلقا ان هذا سوف يتم".

مرسوم

المرسوم هو قانون او لائحة رسمية يصدرها الحكام او تعليمات تعطى للشعب لكي يعملوا بها. هذا اللفظ مرتبط باللفظ "وسم". . في بعض الاحيان المرسوم يصبح عادة راسخة بالممارسة على مر السنين. . في الكتاب المقدس, المرسوم هو شيء يطلب الله من بني اسرائيل فعله. في بعض الاحيان يطلب منهم فعله دائما و الى الابد. . اللفظ "مرسوم" يمكن ترجمته ب, "مرسوم عام" او "تنظيم" او "قانون", على حسب السياق.

مركبة

في العصور القديمة, المركبة كانت من الوزن الخفيف, بعجلتين و تحسب بالخيول. . يمكن للناس ان يجلسوا او ان يقفوا داخل المركبات, تستخدم للحرب او للسفر. . في الحرب, الجيش الذي يملك مركبات له امتياز كبير في السرعة و التنقل اكثر من الجيش الذي لا يملك مركبات. . المصريين القدامى و الرومان كانت لديهم معرفة جيدة في كيفية استخدام الخيول و المركبات.

مريم, ام يسوع

كانت مريم فتاة شابة تعيش في مدينة الناصرة و كانت مخطوبة لرجل اسمه يوسف. اختار الله مريم لكي تكون اما ليسوع المسيح, ابن الله. . بطريقة معجزية جعل الروح القدس مريم تحبل و هي عذراء. . اخبر الملاك مريم ان الطفل المولود منها هو ابن الله و عليها ان تسميه يسوع. . احبت مريم الله و مجدته لانه انعم عليها. . تزوج يوسف من مريم, و لكنه لم يدخل بها الى ان انجبت ابنها البكر يسوع. . تأملت مريم بعمق في الاشياء المعجزية التي حدثت مع الرعاة و المجوس عن الطفل يسوع. . اخذ يوسف و مريم الصبي يسوع الى الهيكل لكي يقدماه. و فيما بعد اخذاه الى مصر هربا من الملك هيرودس الذي عزم على قتل الصبي. و في النهاية اقاموا في الناصرة. . عندما كبر يسوع, كانت مريم معه عندما حول الماء الى خمر في عرس قانا. . البشائر ايضا تذكر وجود مريم عند الصليب عندما كان يسوع يعاني آلام الموت. و قد طلب من تلميذه يوحنا ان يعتني بها مثل امه.

مريم

مريم هي الاخت الكبرى لكل من موسى و هارون. . عندما كانت شابة, اوصتها امها ان تراقب الرضيع موسى اخوها الذي وضعته في سفط بين الحلفاء على حافة نهر النيل. و عندما وجدت ابنة فرعون الصبي و احتاجت لشخص ما لكي يرضع لها الولد ويهتم به, احضرت مريم امها لتقوم بذلك. . قادت مريم بني اسرائيل في ترنيمة فرح و حمد بعد ان خروجهم من مصر و عبورهم للبحر الاحمر. . سنوات بعد ذلك و عند تيه بني اسرائيل في البرية, مريم و هارون تكلما بالسوء ضد موسى لانه تزوج من امرأة كوشية. . بسبب تمردها و اساءتها بالكلام ضد موسى, اصاب الله مريم بالبرص, و لكن شفاها فيما بعد عندما تشفع لها موسى.

مريم اخت مرثا

مريم هي امراة من بيت عنيا و قد تبعت يسوع. . لمريم اخت اسمها مرثا و اخ اسمه لعازر الذين كانا اتباعا ليسوع ايضا. . في احدى المرات قال يسوع بأن مريم اختارت النصيب الصالح عندما اختارت ان تستمع الى تعليمه على ان تضطرب من اجل ان تحضر له مائدة مثلما فعلت مرثا. . يسوع اقام اخو مريم من بين الاموات و اعاد له الحياة. . بعد هذا بوقت قليل, وعندما كان يسوع متكئا في بيت احدهم في بيت عنيا, سكبت مريم عطرا غالي الثمن على قدميه بهدف تقديم العبادة له. . اكرمها يسوع من اجل عملها هذا و قال انها حضرت جسده للدفن.

مريم المجدلية

كانت مريم المجدلية واحدة من النسوة العديدات اللواتي آمنّ بيسوع و تبعنه اثناء خدمته. و تعرف على انها المرأة التي شفاها يسوع من سبعة ارواح نجسة كانت تسيطر عليها. . مريم المجدلية و نساء اخريات ساعدن يسوع و رسله بأموالهن. . و تمت الاشارة اليها على انها أول امرأة شاهدت يسوع بعد قيامته من بين الاموات. . كانت مريم المجدلية واقفة خارج القبرالفارغ, و فجأة رأت يسوع واقف امامها وقال لها ان تذهب و تخبر التلاميذ الاخرين بأنه قام.

مرّ

المر هو زيت او بهار يصنع من صمغ شجرة المر التي تنمو في افريقيا واسيا. و له علاقة بالبخور. . المر يستخدم ايضا لصنع البخور, العطور, و المستحضرات الطبية, و ايضا لتحضير الموتى استعدادا للدفن. . كان المر احد الهدايا التي احضرها المجوس ليسوع عندما ولد. . اعطي ليسوع خل ممزوج بالمر عندما كان على الصليب من اجل تخفيف الالام.

مزمار, ناي

في زمن الكتاب المقدس, المزمار هو الة موسيقية مصنوعة من العظم او من الخشب ولها ثقوب تسمح بخروج الصوت. المزمار هو نوع من الناي. . معظم انواع المزامير كانت مصنوعة من نوع من العشب الكثيف التي تهتز عندما يمر الهواء من خلالها. . المزمار الذي بدون اي قصب يسمى الناي. . يعزف الراعي بالمزمار لكي يهديء قطيعه من الاغنام.
. الناي و المزمار يستخدمان لاصدار موسيقى عذبة.

مزمور

اللفظ "مزمور" يشير الى نشيد مقدس, عادة على شكل قصيدة كتبت لتغنى. . سفر العهد القديم "مزامير" هو عرض لهذه الاناشيد التي كتبها الملك داود و بعض بني اسرائيل الاخرين مثل موسى, سليمان و آساف’ بالاضافة الى اخرين. . استخدمت المزامير عند امة اسرائيل لعبادة الله. . يمكن استخدام المزامير للتعبير عن الفرحة, الايمان, و التمجيد, تماما مثل الحزن و الالم. . في العهد الجديد, يقوم المسيحيون بإنشاد المزاميرلله كطريقة لعبادته.

مستحق, استحقاق, غير مستحق, عديم القيمة

اللفظ" مستحق" يصف شخصا ما او شيئا ما يستحق الاحترام او الشرف. "لديه استحقاق" يعني ان يكون ذو قيمة او مهم. اللفظ "عديم الاستحقاق" يعني ان لا يكون له اي قيمة. . ان يكون مستحق مرتبط بأن يكون ذو قيمة او لديه اهمية. . ان يكون "غير مستحق" يعني غير مستحق لاي انتباه. . ان لا يشعر انه مستحق يعني ان يحس بعدم الاهمية التي لدى شخص اخر او ان لا يحس بالاستحقاق ان يعامل بشرف او لطف. . اللفظ "غير مستحق" و اللفظ " عديم القيمة" مرتبطان, لكن المعنى مختلف. ان يكون "غير مستحق يعني لا يستحق لاي شرف او اعتراف. ان يكون" عديم القيمة" يعني ليس لديه اي هدف او اي قيمة.

اقتراحات الترجمة . "مستحق" يمكن ان تترجم ب "ذو قيمة" او "مهم" او "مؤهل". . الكلمة "استحقاق" يمكن ان تترجم ب "قيمة" او "اهمية". . العبارة "لديه استحقاق" يمكن ان تترجم ب "يكون له قيمة" او "يكون مهما". . العبارة, "مستحق اكثر من" يمكن ان تترجم ب "اكثر قيمة من". . على حسب الساق, اللفظ, "غير مستحق" يمكن ان يترجم ب "عديم الاهمية" او "عديم الشرف" او "غير مؤهل". . اللفظ "عديم القيمة" يمكن ان يترجم ب, "بدون قيمة" او بدون غرض" او " لا يستحق شيئا".

مستقيم, استقامة

اللفظين "مستقيم" و "استقامة" يشيران الى التصرف بطريقة حسب شرائع الله. . معنى هذين اللفظين يشمل فكرة الوقوف بشكل مستقيم و التطلع مباشرة الى الامام. . الشخص "المستقيم" هو شخص يطيع قواعد الله و لا يفعل اشياء ضد ارادته. . الفاظ مثل "نزاهة" و "صلاح" يحملان نفس المعنى و يستخدمان في بعض الاحيان بتوازي, مثل "نزاهة و استقامة".

اقتراحات الترجمة . طرق ترجمة "مستقيم" قد تشمل, "يتصرف بحق" او "الذي يتصرف حسب الحق" او "يتبع شريعة الله" او "مطيع لله" او "يسلك بطريقة حسب الحق". . اللفظ "استقامة" يمكن ان ترجم ب, "نقاء اخلاقي" او "حسن السلوك الاخلاقي" او "عدل". . العبارة"المستقيمين" يمكن ان تترجم ب, "الاشخاص المستقيمين".

مسحة, مسحه

اللفظ "مسحة" تعني دهن او سكب الزيت على شخص او على شيء ما, احيانا الزيت يمزج ببعض الاطياب, التي تعطيه رائحة معطرة حلوة. اللفظ كذلك يستعمل تصويريا لكي يشير الى الروح القدس عند اختيار و تقوية شخصا ما. . في العهد القديم, الكهنة, و الملوك, و الانبياء يمسحون بالزيت لكي يتم افرازهم لخدمة خاصة للرب. . الاشياء مثل المذابح و الخيمة, تمسح بالزيت لتكون جاهزة للعبادة و لتمجيد الله. . في العهد الجديد, الاشخاص المرضى, يمسحون بالزيت من اجل شفاءهم. . العهد الجديد سجل مرتين عندما دهن يسوع بالزيت المعطر من طرف امرأة, كفعل عبادة . في احدهما علق يسوع بانها تفعل هذا تحضيرا لدفنه. . بعد موت يسوع, جهّز اصدقاءه جسده للدفن بدهنه بالزيت و الاطياب. . الالقاب " مسيا" (عبري) و "المسيح" ( يوناني) تعني " (الشخص) الممسوح" . يسوع المسيح هو الوحيد الذي اُختير و مُسح كنبي, رئيس كهنة, و ملك.

اقتراحات الترجمة . على حسب السياق, اللفظ "مسحة" ممكن ان يترجم ب "سكب الزيت على" او "وضع الزيت على" او "مُكرس عن طريق دهنه بالزيت المعطر". . ان يكون "ممسوحا" ممكن ان تترجم ب "مكرس بالزيت" او "ممسوح" او "تم افرازه". . في بعض السياقات اللفظ "دهن" ممكن ان يترجم ب "مخصص". . العبارة مثل "الكاهن الممسوح," ممكن ان تترجم ب " الكاهن الذي تم تكريسه بالزيت" او "الكاهن المفرز عن طريق دهنه بالزيت."

مسكن

المسكن هو بناية شبيهة بالخيمة عبد فيها بنو اسرائيل الله لمدة اربعين سنة خلال ترحالهم في الصحراء. . اعطى الله لبني اسرائيل تفاصيل لبناء هذه الخيمة الكبيرة, التي تحتوي على غرفتين و محاطة بفناء مغلق. . في كل مرة كان يرتحل فيها بنو اسرائيل الى مكان مختلف عبر الصحراء, كان على الكهنة تفكيك المسكن و حملها الى موقع المخيم القادم و من ثم يقيمونها مجددا في وسط المخيم الجديد. . صنع المسكن من اطارات خشبية معلقة و ستائر مصنوعة من القماش, شعر الماعز, و جلود الحيوانات. الفناء المحيط مغلق بالكثير من الستائر. . جزئي المسكن كانا القدس ( اين يوضع مذبح البخور) و قدس الاقداس ( مكان وضع ثابوت العهد). . يحتوي فناء المسكن على مذبح لحرق الذبائح الحيوانية و مغسلة لطقوس الاغتسال. . توقف بنو اسرائيل عن استخدام المسكن عندما بنى سليمان الهيكل في اورشليم.

اقتراحات الترجمة . الكلمة "مسكن" تعني "مكان السكن". طرق اخرى للترجمة قد تشمل, "خيمة مقدسة" او "الخيمة التي يتواجد فيها الله" او "خيمة الله". . تأكد من ان ترجمة هذا اللفظ تختلف عن ترجمة كلمة "هيكل".

مسكن الله, مسكن الرب

في كتاب المقدس, العبارتين "مسكن الله" او "مسكن الرب" يشير الى المكان الذي يعبد فيه الله. . يستخدم هذا اللفظ بصفة خاصة اكثر للاشارة الى خيمة الاجتماع او الى الهيكل. . في بعض الاحيان "مسكن الله" تستخدم للاشارة الى شعب الله.

اقتراحات الترجمة

. عندما تشير الى مكان العبادة, هذا اللفظ ممكن ان يترجم ب, "البيت الذي يعبد فيه الله" او "المكان الذي يعبد فيه الله". . اذا كان يشير الى الهيكل او خيمة الاجتماع, هذا ممكن ان يترجم ب, "الهيكل".

مسوح

المسوح هو نوع خشن و غليظ من اللباس يصنع من شعر الماعز او وبر الجمال. . الملابس المصنوعة من المسوح غير مريحة للشخص الذي يلبسها. و هي طريقة للتعبير عن الحزن, الاسى, و التوبة المتواضعة. . العبارة "المسوح و الرماد" هو لفظ مشترك للاشارة الى التعبير التقليدي للحزن و التوبة.

اقتراحات الترجمة . يمكن لهذا اللفظ ان يترجم ايضا ب, "ملابس خشنة من شعر الحيوان" او "ملابس مصنوعة من شعر الماعز" او "ملابس خشنة و قاسية". . طرق اخرى لترجمة هذا اللفظ قد تشمل, "ملابس حزن خشنة و قاسية". . العبارة "جلس في المسوح و الرماد" يمكن ان تترجم ب, "اظهر الحزن و التواضع بإرتداء ملابس خشنة و الجلوس وسط الرماد".

مسيح, مسيا

اللفظ "مسيا" و "مسيح" تعني "الممسوح" و تشير الى يسوع, ابن الله, . كلاهما "مسيا" و "مسيح" استخدمتا في العهد الجديد للاشارة الى ابن الله, الذي عينه الله الآب كملك ليحكم شعبه, و لكي يخلصهم من الخطية و الموت. . في العهد القديم, كتب الانبياء نبؤات عن المسيا مئات السنين قبل ان يأتي الى الارض. . غالبا هذا اللفظ يعني "الممسوح" و استخدم في العهد القديم للاشارة الى المسيا الذي سوف يأتي. . حقق يسوع الكثيرمن هذه النبؤات و عمل الكثير من المعجزات التي أثبتت انه هو المسيح, و بقية النبؤات سوف تتحقق عندما يعود في مجيئه الثاني. . الكلمة "مسيح" تستخدم عادة كعنوان, مثل "المسيح" و " المسيح يسوع". . "مسيح" تأتي ايضا لتكون جزء من اسمه, مثل في "يسوع المسيح".

اقتراحا الترجمة . هذا اللفظ ممكن ان يترجم بإستخدام معناه, "الممسوح" او "مخلص الله الممسوح". . الكثير من اللغات تستخدم الكلمة المترجمة التي تشبه او تنطق مثل "مسيح" او "مسيا".

مسيحي

وقت قليل بعد صعوده الى السماء, استخدم الناس الاسم "مسيحي" الذي يعني, " التابعين للمسيح". . كان هذا في مدينة انطاكية عندما دعي اتباع يسوع اول مرة ب "المسيحيين". . المسيحي هو الشخص الذي يؤمن ان يسوع هو ابن الله, و الذي يثق ان يسوع سوف يخلصه من خطاياه. . في وقتنا الحالي, عادة اللفظ "مسيحي" يستخدم لشخص ما يُميز بالدين المسيحي, و لكن لا يتبع يسوع حقيقة. و هذا ليس هو المقصود في الكتاب المقدس. . لان اللفظ "مسيحي "في الكتاب المقدس يشير دائما الى شخص يؤمن حقيقة بيسوع, فإن المسيحي يسمى كذلك "مؤمن".

افتراحات الترجمة . هذا اللفظ ممكن ان يترجم ب "تابع مسيحي" او ممكن احيانا ب "شخص مسيحي". . تأكد من ان ترجمة هذا اللفظ تكون مختلفة عن الترجمة المستخدمة لكلمة تلميذ او رسول. . كن حذرا في ترجمة هذا اللفظ ان يكون يقصد به كل شخص يؤمن بالمسيح, وليس فقط بعض المجموعات. . نأخذ بعين الاعتبار كيف تُرجم هذا اللفظ في اللغة المحلية او اللغة الوطنية.

مشرفٌ

اللفظ "مشرفٌ" يشير الى الشخص المسؤول عن عمل و رفاه الاشخاص الاخرين. . في العهد القديم, تسند للمشرف مهمة مراقبة الاعمال التي تحت اشرافه و التأكد من انها تمت بطريقة جيدة. . في العهد الجديد, يستخدم هذا اللفظ ليصف قادة الكنيسة الاولين. الذين يحرصون على الاهتمام بالاحتياجات الروحية للكنيسة, و التأكد من تلقي المؤمنين الجدد للتعليم الكتابي الصحيح. . يشير بولس الى المشرف على انه يشبه الراعي الذي يتولى رعاية المؤمنين في الكنيسة المحلية, التي هي "قطيعه". . المشرف, مثل الراعي, يحرس القطيع, يراقب و يحمي المؤمنين من التعاليم الروحية الخاطئة و من بقية التأثيرات الشريرة. . في العهد الجديد, الالفاظ "مشرف", "شيخ" و "راعي/قس" هي طرق مختلفة للاشارة الى بعض القادة الروحيين.

اقتراحات الترجمة . طرق اخرى لترحمة هذا اللفظ قد تشمل, "مراقب" او "ناظر" او "مدير". . عندما يشير الى قائد لمجموعة محلية لشعب الله, يمكن ترجمة هذا اللفظ بكلمة او عبارة يكون معناها, "ملاحظ روحي" او "شخص يهتم بالاحتياجات الروحية لمجموعة المؤمنين" او "الشخص الذي يلاحظ الاحتياجات الروحية داخل الكنيسة".

مشروب قوي

اللفظ "مشروب قوي" يشير الى مشروبات يتم تخميرها و تحتوي على الكحول داخلها. . تصنع المشروبات الكحولية اما من الحبوب او الفواكه التي تخضع لعملية التخمير. . انواع " المشروبات القوية" تشمل الخمر, خمر النخيل, بيرة, خل التفاح. في الكتاب المقدس, خمر العنب هو اكثر ما ذُكر كمشروب قوي. . الكهنة و كل من ينذر نذرا خاصا مثل "النذير" لا يسمح لهم بالشرب من المشروبات المتخمرة. . يمكن ترجمة هذا اللفظ ب, "مشروب متخمر" او "مشروب كحولي".

مشورة, مشير, نصيحة, ناصح

اللفظان "مشورة" و "نصيحة" لهما نفس المعنى و يشيران الى مساعدة شخص ما لكي يأخذ قرارا حكيما فيما يفعله اثناء تعرضه لموقف معين. "المشير" او "الناصح" الحكيم هو الشخص الذي يعطي النصيحة او المشورة لكي يساعد الشخص الاخر ليختار اختيارا صحيحا. . الملوك لديهم عادة مشيرين رسميين او مستشارون لمساعدتهم على اتخاذ القارارات في المسائل المهمة التي تؤثر على الناس الذين يحكمونهم. . قد تكون النصيحة او المشورة المقدمة غير مناسبة. يستطيع المستشارون الاشرار ان يؤثروا على الملك ليقوم بأفعال او يتخذ قرارات قد تكون ضارة له و لشعبه. . على حسب السياق, "نصيحة" او "مشورة" ممكن ان تترجم ب "مساعدة في أخذ القرار" او "تحذيرات" او "عظة" او "توجيه". . الفعل "ينصح" ممكن ان يترجم ب "يشير" او "يقدم اقتراحات" او "يحض". . ملاحظة "نصيحة" هي كلمة مختلفة عن كلمة "مجلس" التي تشير الى مجموعة من الاشخاص.

مصباح

اللفظ "مصباح" بصفة عامة يشير الى شيء ينتج عنه ضوء. المصابيح المستعملة في ازمنة الكتاب المقدس كانت مصابيح زيتية. نوع المصابيح المستخدمة في ازمنة الكتاب المقدس كانت علب صغيرة بمصدر للوقود, عادة الزيت, تعطي الضوء عند اشعالها. . عادة المصباح الزيتي يصنع من قطعة واحدة من الفخار مملوء بزيت الزيتون, و يغمس داخلها فتيل يتم اشعاله. . بعض المصابيح, هي وعاء او جرة ذات شكل بيضاوي, مع نهاية واحدة مقروصة وضيقة لعقد الفتيل. . المصباح الزيتي يحمل او يوضع على معلاق و هكذا يضيء نوره كل الغرفة او البيت. . في الكتاب المقدس, تستخدم المصابيح بعدة طرق مجازية كرمز للنور و الحياة.

مصر, مصري

مصر هي البلد الذي يقع في الشمال الشرقي لافريقيا, الى الجنوب الشرقي من بلاد كنعان. المصري هو الشخص الذي ينحدر من بلاد مصر. . في الازمنة القديمة, كانت مصر بلاد ثرية وقوية. . مصر القديمة كانت مقسمة الى جزئين, مصر المنخفضة ( الجزء الشمالي الذي منه يصب نهر النيل في البحر) و مصر العليا ( الجزء الجنوبي). في العهد القديم, يُشار الى هذين الجزئين ب "مصر" و "فتروس" في لغة النص الاصلي. . العديد من المرات عندما قلّ الطعام في كنعان, انحدر الاباء الاسرائيليون الى مصر لشراء الطعام لعائلاتهم. . لعدة قرون كان الاسرائيليون عبيدا في ارض مصر. . يوسف و مريم نزلا الى مصر مع يسوع عندما كان طفلا, للهرب من هيرودس الكبير.

مصوغ

المصوغ هو قطعة مجوفة من الخشب, الحديد, الطين تستخدم لتشكيل مختلف الاشياء من ذهب, فضة, او اي مواد اخرى قابلة للذوبان والتشكيل بواسطة قالب. . تستخدم المصوغات لصناعة الحلي, الاطباق, اواني الطبخ, و اشياء اخرى. . في الكتاب المقدس, ذكرت المصوغات مرتبطة اساسا بتشكيل التماثيل التي تستخدم للعبادة. . تسخن المعادن على درجة حرارة جد عالية و من ثم يمكن سكبها في المصوغ. . ان يتم صياغة شيء ما هذا يعني اعطاء الشيء شكل او شبه القالب المستخدم او اعطاءه شكل خاص باستخدام اليدين.

اقتراحات الترجمة . قد يترجم هذا اللفظ ايضا ب, "يشكل" او "يكون" او "يصنع". . الكلمة "مصوغ" ممكن ان تترجم ب "تشكل" او "تكون". . الشيء "المصوغ" قد يترجم بعبارة او كلمة يكون معناها, "وعاء للتشكيل" او "طبق منحوت".

مصير,خصّص, مخصص

اللفظ "مصير" يشير الى ما سوف يحدث للناس مستقبلا. اذا كان شخصا ما "مخصص" لشيء ما, هذا يعني ان هذا ما سوف يفعله الشخص في المستقبل هو امر حدد من طرف الله. . عندما "يخصص" الله امة ما للغضب هذا يعني انه قرر واختار ان يعاقب هذه الامة بسبب خطاياها. . يهوذا كانت "مخصصة" للدمار, الذي يعني ان الله قرر ان يهوذا يجب ان تدمر بسبب تمردها. . لكل شخص مصير نهائي وابدي, اما في السماء او في الجحيم. . عندما قال كاتب سفر الجامعة, ان لكل الناس مصيرا واحدا, كان يقصد ان كل الناس في النهاية سوف يموتون.

اقتراحات الترجمة

. العبارة "انت مخصص للغضب" ممكن ان تترجم ب, "تقرر انك سوف تُعاقب" او "تحدد انك سوف تجرب غضبي". . التعبير المجازي, " انهم مخصصون للسيف" ممكن ان تترجم ب, "ان الله قرر انهم سوف يبادون على يد الاعداء الذين يقتلونهم بالسيوف" او "ان الله حدد ان اعداءهم سوف يقتلونهم بالسيوف". . العبارة, " انت مخصص ل", يمكن ان تترجم بإستخدام عبارة مثل, "ان الله قرر انك سوف تكون". . على حسب السياق, "مصير" يمكن ان تترجم ب "النهاية الاخيرة" او " ما سوف يحدث في النهاية" او "ما قرر الله انه سوف يحدث".

معاند, عناد, عاند

اللفظ "معاند" يستخدم لوصف الشخص او الفعل الفاسد اخلاقيا او ملتوي. اللفظ "معاند" يعني "في حالة انحراف". ان "يعاند" شيء ما يعنى ان يلتف او يلتوي عن ما هو صحيح او جيد. . يكون شخص او شيء ما معاند اذا انحرف عن ما هو صالح و جيد. . في الكتاب المقدس, تصرف بنو اسرائيل بعناد عندما عصوا اوامر الله. و غالبا ما يفعلون هذا بعبادتهم للاوثان. . كل فعل او سلوك ضد معايير الله, يعتبر عنادا. . طرق لترجمة "معاند" يمكن ان تشمل, "ملتو اخلاقيا" او "غير اخلاقي" او "الابتعاد عن سبل الله المستقيمة", على حسب السياق. . "كلام ملتوي" يمكن ان تترجم ب, "التكلم بطريقة شريرة" او "كلام مخادع" او "طريقة كلام غير اخلاقية". . "اناس معاندون" يمكن ان تصف "اناس فاسدين اخلاقيا" او "اناس يعصون امر الله باستمرار". . العبارة "يتصرفون بعناد" يمكن ان تترجم ب " السلوك بطريقة شريرة" او "فعل اشياء ضد وصايا الله" او "العيش بطريقة ترفض فيها تعاليم الله". . اللفظ "عاند" يمكن ان يترجم ب "يجعله يفسد" او "التحول الى شيء شرير".

معجزة, اية, علامة

ال "معجزة" هي شيء عجيب لا يمكن حدوثه الا بقوة الله. . امثلة على المعجزات التي عملها يسوع و تشمل تهدئة العاصفة و شفاء رجل اعمى. . تسمى المعجزات احيانا "عجائب" لانها تجعل الناس مبهورين و في حالة من التعجب. . اللفظ "عجائب" قد يشير ايضا بشكل عام الى الاظهار العجيب لقوة الله, مثل خلق السماوات و الارض. . تسمى المعجزات ايضا "ايات" لانها تستخدم كعلامات او دليل على ان الله هو القدير و له سلطة مطلقة على كل الكون. . بعض المعجزات هي اعمال فداء من طرف الله, مثلما فعل عندما خلص بني اسرائيل من العبودية في مصر و عندما انقذ دانيال من فم الاسود. . عجائب اخرى عملها الله و كانت افعال دينونة, مثلما فعل عندما ارسل الطوفان في زمن نوح و عندما اجرى الضربات المخيفة على كل بلاد مصر في زمن موسى. . الكثير من المعجزات التي عملها الله كانت شفاءات جسدية لمرضى او اقامة موتى واعادتهم الى الحياة. . ظهرت قوة الله في يسوع عندما كان يشفي المرضى, يهديء العواصف, يمشي على الماء, و يقيم اشخاصا من بين الموتى. و كانت هذه كلها معجزات. . اعطى الله ايضا القدرة لانبياء و للرسل لعمل معجزات شفاء و اشياء اخرى لا يمكن فعلها الا بقوة الله.

اقتراحات الترجمة . ترجمات ممكنة ل "معجزات" او "عجائب" قد تشمل, "اشياء مستحيلة يعملها الله" او "اعمال قدرة الله" او "اعمال الله العجيبة". . التعبير الشائع "ايات و عجائب" يمكن ان يترجم ب "براهين و معجزات" او "اعمال عجائبية تثبت قوة الله" او "معجزات عجيبة تظهر كم ان الله عظيم". . ملاحظة معنى علامة معجزية يختلف عن العلامة التى تعطى كإتبات او دليل على شيء ما. لكن قد تكون لهما صلة فيما بينهما.

معصرة العنب

خلال عصور الكتاب المقدس, كانت "معصرة العنب" تعتبر خزانا كبيرا او مكانا مفتوحا يستخرج منها عصير العنب من اجل صنع الخمر. . في اسرائيل, معاصر العنب عادة ما تكون احواضا واسعة و كبيرة تحفر في الصخور الصلبة. توضع كميات من العنب على القاع المسطح للفتحة و يقوم الناس بسحق العنب بأقدامهم ليخرج منها عصير العنب. . اللفظ "معصرة عنب" يستخدم ايضا بطريقة رمزية في الكتاب المقدس كصورة لغضب الله الذي سوف يحل على الاشرار.

معكة

معكة او (مِعكة) هو احد ابناء ناحور اخو ابراهيم. اناس اخرون في العهد القديم لديهم هذا الاسم. . مدينة معكة او بيت معكة تقع اقصى شمال اسرائيل, في المنطقة التي تقيم فيها عشيرة نفتالي. . كانت مدينة مهمة و تمت مهاجمتها من طرف الاعداء مرات عديدة. . معكة هو اسم العديد من النساء, منهم ام ابشالوم ابن داود. . عزل الملك آسا جدته معكة لكي لا تصبح ملكة لانها عبدت الهة السرايا.

معلم

المعلم هو الشخص الذي يقدم للاخرين معلومات جديدة. يساعد المعلمون الناس للحصول على كل من المعرفة و المهارات. . في الكتاب المقدس, الكلمة "معلم" تستخدم بشكل خاص للاشارة الى الشخص الذي يعلم عن الله. و هي كلمة لا تشير الى معلم المدرسة. . يسمى الناس الذين يتعلمون على يد معلم ب "الطلبة" او "التلاميذ". . في بعض ترجمات الكتاب المقدس, يكبرون الحرف الاول لهذه الكلمة عندما تستخدم كلقب ليسوع.

اقتراحات الترجمة . الكلمة النستخدمة لمعلم يمكن ان تكون ترجمة مناسبة لهذا اللفظ, الا اذا كانت هذه الكلمة تشير فقط الى معلم المدرسة. . قد تكون لبعض اللغات كلمة خاصة تستخدم لمعلمي الدين, مثل "سيد" او "ربي" او "واعظ".

مفرز

اللفظ "مفرز" يعني منفصل عن شيء ما لتحقيق مهمة خاصة. . بنو اسرائيل هم مفرزون لخدمة الله. . طلب الروح القدس من مؤمني انطاكية ان يفرزوا بولس و برنابا لخدمة طلب الله منهم القيام بها. . المؤمنون الذين تم "فرزهم" لخدمة الله هم "مكرسون" لتحقيق مشيئة الله. . احد معاني اللفظ "مقدس" هو ان يكون مفرزا لانتماءه الى الله و بكونه منفصلا عن طرق العالم الآثمة. . اللفظ "يقدس" يعني ان يفرز الشخص لخدمة الله.

اقتراحات الترجمة . طرق لترجمة "يفرز" قد تشمل, "ان يحدد خصيصا" او "منفصلة عنك" او "ان يؤخذ جانبا للقيام بمهمة خاصة". . ان يكون "مفرزا" يمكن ان تترجم ب "ان يكون منفصلا".

مقدس

اللفظ "مقدس" يصف شيء مرتبط بعبادة الله او العبادة الوثنية. . في العهد القديم, عادة ما يستخدم اللفظ "قدّس" ليصف الركائز الحجرية او الاشياء الاخرى التي تستخدم في عبادة الالهة الغريبة. قد يترجم هذا ايضا ب "ديني". . "اغاني مقدسة" او "موسيقى مقدسة" تشير الى الموسيقى التي تعزف او تغنى لتمجيد الله. يمكن ترجمة هذا ب "موسيقى لعبادة الرب" او "ترانيم لتسبيح الله". .العبارة "واجبات مقدسة" تشير الى "واجبات دينية" او "طقوس" التي يقوم بها الكهنة لقيادة الشعب في عبادة الله. يمكن ان تشير ايضا الى الطقوس التي تُعمل من طرف الكهنة الاممين في عبادة الهتهم.

مقدونية

في زمن العهد الجديد, كانت مقدونية مقاطعة رومانية تقع شمال اليونان القديمة. . ذكرت بعض المدن المقدونية المهمة في الكتاب المقدس و هي بيرية, فيليبي, و تسالونيكي. . من خلال رؤيا, كلم الله بولس ان يعظ ببشارة الخلاص للناس الذين في مقدونية. . بولس ومعاونيه في الخدمة ذهبوا الى مقدونية و علموا الناس هناك عن يسوع و ساعدوا المؤمنين الجدد على النمو في ايمانهم. . في الكتاب المقدس هناك رسائل كتبها بولس الى المؤمنين في مقدونية في كل من فيليبي و تسالونيكي.

مقفر, خراب

اللفظان "مقفر" و "خراب" يشيران الى منطقة مدمرة و غير آهلة بالسكان فتصبح حينئذ مهجورة. . عندما يشير الى شخص, اللفظ "كئيب" يصف حالة الخراب, الوحدة, الحزن. . اللفظ "خراب" هو حالة او ضرف لكائن مهجور. . اذا كان حقلا ينتج المحاصيل مقفرا, هذا يعني ان شيء ما خرّب المحاصيل, مثل حشرات او احد الجيوش الغازية. . " منطقة مقفرة" يشير الى مساحة من الارض التي يعيش فيها عدد قليل من الناس بسبب قلة المحاصيل او اي نباتات اخرى تنمو هناك. . "الارض المقفرة" او "البرية" هي عادة المكان الذي يعيش فيه المنبوذون ( مثل البرص) و الحيوانات الخطيرة. . ان مدينة " حل بها الخراب" هذا يعني ان مبانيها و ثرواتها خُربت او سُرقت, و قُتل شعبها او سُبي. هذه المدينة تصبح "فارغة" و "مهجورة". هذا يشبه لمعنى "دمّر" او "خُرب" لكن مع التأكيد اكثر على الخلاء. . على حسب السياق هذا اللفظ ممكن ان يترجم ب "محطم" او "خرِب" او "قفر" او "وحيد و منبوذ" او "مهجور".

مكتوب

العبارة "كما هو مكتوب" او "مكتوب" ذكرت بشكل متكرر في العهد الجديد و عادة ما تشير الى وصايا او نبوؤات كتبت في الكتابات العبرية المقدسة. . احيانا "كما هو مكتوب" تشير الى ما كتب في شريعة موسى. . احيانا تكون اقتباسا مما كتبه احد الانبياء في العهد القديم. . قد يترجم هذا ب: "كما هو مكتوب في شريعة موسى" او "كما كتب الانبياء منذ فترة طويلة" او "ما قيل في شريعة الله التي كتبها موسى منذ فترة طويلة". . خيار اخر هو تركها كما هي "كما هو مكتوب" و اضافة حاشية تشرح المقصود منه.

مكرس

مكرس يعني تخصيص شيء ما او شخص ما لخدمة الله. الشخص او الشيء المكرس يعتبر مقدس و مفرز لله. . معني هذا اللفظ يشبه ل "تقديس" او "جعله مقدس", لكن مع اضافة معنى انه مفرز لخدمة الله. . الاشياء المكرسة لله تشمل الحيوانات المقدمة للذبيحة, مذبح المحرقة, و خيمة الشهادة. . الاشخاص المكرسون لله هم: الكهنة, شعب اسرائيل, و الابن البكر الذكر. . في بعض الاحيان الكلمة "مكرس" لها معني مشابه ل "طاهر", و خصوصا اذا تعلق الامر بتحضير الشعب او الاشياء لخدمة الله لذا فهم يتطهرون لكي يكونوا مقبولين لديه. اقتراحات الترجمة . طرق ترجمة "مكرس" ممكن ان تشمل, "مفرز لخدمة الله" او "مطهر لخدمة الله" . مع الاخذ بعين الاعتبار كيفية ترجمة الالفاظ "مقدس" و "مطهر".

مكرهة, يبغض

اللفظ "مكرهة" يصف شيء ما يجب ان يكون مكروها و مرفوضا. ان "تبغض" شيء ما يعني ان تكرهه بقوة. . غالبا ما يتكلم الكتاب المقدس على بغضة الشر, هذا يعني كره الشر و رفضه. . يستخدم الله الكلمة "مكرهة" ليصف الممارسات الشريرة لهؤلاء الذين يعبدون الاوثان. . اُمر بنو اسرائيل ان "يبغضوا" الاعمال النجسة و الغير اخلاقية التي تمارسها بعض الشعوب المجاورة. . يسمي الله كل الافعال الجنسية الخاطئة "مكرهة". . الشعوذة, السحر, تقديم الاطفال كذبائح هي كلها "مكرهة" عند الله. . اللفظ "يبغض" ممكن ان يترجم ب, "يرفض بشدة" او "يكره" او "ينظر اليها على انها شريرة جدا". . اللفظ "مكرهة" ممكن ان يترجم ب, "شر فظيع" او "قبيح" او "مستحق الرفض". . عندما تنطبق على الصالحين "مكرهة ل" الاشرار, هذا ممكن ان يترجم ب "تعتبر غير مرغوب فيه جدا ل" او "كريه ل " او "مرفوض من". . اخبر الله بني اسرائيل ان " يبغضوا" بعض انواع الحيوانات التي صرح الله انها "غيرطاهرة" و غير جيدة للاكل. هذا ممكن ايضا ان يترجم ب "يكره بقوة" او "يرفض" او "يرى انها غير مقبولة".

مكيال, إلقاء القرعة

"المكيال" هو جسم مُعلّم يتم اختياره من بين اشياء اخرى مشابهة له كطريقة يتم بها قياس شيء ما. "إلقاء قرعة" يشير الى قذف شيء معين على الارض او على اي مساحة اخرى. . عادة ما تكون المكاييل عبارة عن حجارة صغيرة معلمة او قطع مكسورة من الفخار. . في بعض الثقافات "سحب" او "القاء" القرعة يتم باستخدام حزمة من القش. يمسك احدهم الحزمة حيث لا يمكنه رؤية كم يبعد عنه الاخرون. و اي شخص يلتقط الحزمة و الشخص الذي يحصل على الحزمة الاصغر او الاكبر يكون هو الشخص الذي يتم اختياره. . ممارسة إلقاء القرعة كانت تستخدم من طرف بني اسرائيل لمعرفة ما يطلبه الله منهم. . في زمن زكريا و اليصابات, كانت تستخدم ايضا لاختيار اي كاهن سيقوم بمهمة الخدمة في الهيكل في وقت معين. . الجنود الذين صلبوا يسوع ألقوا قرعة فيما بينهم ليتم تحديد الشخص الذي يمكنه اخذ رداء يسوع. . العبارة "إلقاء القرعة" يمكن ان تترجم ب "قذف القرعة" او "رسم القرعة". تأكد من ان ترجمة "قرعة" لا تفهم كأنها إلقاء الكثير على مسافة واسعة. . على حسب السياق, اللفظ "مكيال" يمكن ايضا ان تترجم ب "حجر مُعَلم" او "قطعة فخار" او "عصا" او "حزمة". . في القرار الذي يتم عن طريق "القرعة" هذا ممكن ان يترجم ب, "برسم ( او إلقاء) القرعة".

ملاخي

ملاخي هو احد انبياء الله الى مملكة يهوذا. عاش في الفترة التي سبقت مجيء المسيح على الارض ب 500 سنة. . تنبأ ملاخي خلال الفترة التي تمت فيها اعادة بناء الهيكل بعد الرجوع من السبي البابلي. . عزرا و نحميا عاشا في نفس الفترة مع ملاخي. . سفر ملاخي هو اخر اسفار العهد القديم. . مثل كل انبياء العهد القديم, حث ملاخي الشعب على التوبة عن خطاياهم و الرجوع الى عبادة الرب.

ملاك, رئيس الملائكة

الملاك هو روح قوي خلقه الله. الملائكة موجودة لكي تخدم الله بعمل كل ما يأمرها به. اللفظ "رئيس الملائكة" يشير الى الملاك الذي يحكم او يقود كل الملائكة الاخرين. . الكلمة "ملاك" لغويا تعني " رسول". . اللفظ "رئيس الملائكة"لغويا تعني "الرسول الرئيس". الملاك الوحيد الذي يُشار اليه في الكتاب المقدس على انه "رئيس الملائكة" هو ميخائيل. . في الكتاب المقدس, الملائكة تأتي برسائل من عند الله الى الناس. هذه الرسائل تتضمن توجيهات حول ما يريد الله من الناس ان يفعلوه. . الملائكة كذلك تُخبر الناسبالاحداث التي ستحدث في المستقبل او التي حدثت في السابق. . الملائكة لديها سلطة من الله كممثلين له و في بعض الاحيان في الكتاب المقدس يتكلم الملائكة وكأن الله نفسه هو المتكلم. . طريقة اخرى يخدم بها الملائكة الله هي بحماية و تقوية الناس. . العبارة الخاصة " ملاك الرب" تحمل اكثر من معنى: 1) ممكن ان تعني "الملاك الذي يمثل الرب" او "الرسول الذي يخدم الرب". 2) ممكن ان تشير الى الرب نفسه, الذي يظهر مثل ملاك يتكلم مع شخص. كل من هذين المعنيين يشرح استخدام الملاك ل "انا" اذا كان الرب نفشه هو الذي يتكلم. اقتراحات الترجمة . طرق ترجمة " ملاك" يمكن ان تشمل, "مرسل من طرف الله" او "خادم الله السماوي" او " روح الله المرسل". . اللفظ" رئيس الملائكة" ممكن ان يترجمب "رئيس الملائكة" او " الملاك المتحكم" او "قائد الملائكة". . يُأخذ بعين الاعتبار كيفية ترجمة هذه الالفاظ في اللغة الوطنية او في اللغة المحلية. . العبارة "ملاك الرب" يمكن ان تترجم باستعمال الكلمات "ملاك" و " الرب" الذي يسمح بتفسيرات مختلفة عن هذه العبارة. يمكن للترجمات ان تتضمن, "ملاك من الرب" او "ملاك مرسل من طرف الرب" او " الرب الذي ظهر كملاك".

ملجأ, مأوى

اللفظ "ملجأ" يشير الى مكان او ضروف الامان و الحماية. ال "مأوى" يشير الى الهيكل المادي الذي يحمي من العاصفة او من الخطر. . في الكتاب المقدس, يشار الى الله دائما على انه ملجأ حيث يكون شعبه آمنا, محميا, يُعتنى به. . اللفظ, "مدينة الملجأ" في العهد القديم يشير الى بعض المدن اين يمكن للشخص الذي يقتل شخصا اخر دون قصد ان يلتجأ هربا من انتقام ولي الدم. . ال "مأوى" عادة ما يكون هيكلا ماديا مثل بناية او سقف توفر الحماية للاشخاص او للحيوانات. . في بعض الاحيان "مأوى" يعني "حماية" مثل ما قال لوط بأن ضيفيه هما "تحت ظل سقفه". كان يقصد انهما في امان لانهما داخل بيته.

اقتراحات الترجمة . اللفظ "ملجأ" يمكن ان يترجم ب "مكان آمن" او "مكان الحماية". . على حسب السياق, اللفظ "مأوى" يمكن ان يترجم ب, "شيء يحمي" او "حماية" او "مكان للحماية". . اذا كان يشير الى هيكل مادي, "مأوى" يمكن ان تترجم ب "بناء للحماية". . العبارة "في مأوى آمن" يمكن ان تترجم ب "في مكان آمن" او "في مكان يكون فيه آمن". . ان "يجد مأوى" او "يـتخذ مأوى" او "يتخذ ملجأ" يمكن ان تترجم ب, "يجد مكانا للأمان" او "يضع نفسه في مكان محمي".

ملك

اللفظ "ملك" يشير الى رجل الذي يعتبر الحاكم الاعلى لمدينة, مقاطعة, دولة. . يختار الملك عادة لعلاقة عائلته السابقة بالحكم. . عندما يموت الملك, غالبا فان ابنه الاكبر يصبح الملك الاتي. . في الازمنة الغابرة, الملك له مطلق السلطة على الشعب في مملكته. . نادرا ما يستخدم اللفظ "ملك" للاشارة الى شخص لم يكن بالحقيقة ملكا. مثل "الملك هيرودس" في العهد الجديد. . في الكتاب المقدس, تتم الاشارة الى الله على انه الملك الذي يحكم على شعبه. . "ملكوت الله" يشير الى مُلك الله على شعبه. . يدعى يسوع "ملك اليهود", "ملك اسرائيل", و "ملك الملوك". . عندما يعود يسوع, سوف يكون ملكا على كل العالم. . يمكن ان يترجم هذا اللفظ ب, "القائد الاعلى" او " القائد المطلق" او "الحاكم ذو السيادة". . العبارة "ملك الملوك" ممكن ان تترجم ب, "الملك الذي يحكم على كل الملوك الاخرين" او "الحاكم الاعلى الذي له سلطة على كل الحكام الاخرين".

ملك اليهود

اللفظ, "ملك اليهود" هو لقب يشير الى يسوع, المسيا. . اول مرة ذكر فيها الكتاب المقدس هذا اللفظ كانت من طرف رجل حكيم من المجوس سافر الى بيت لحم لكي يرى الطفل الذي كان "ملك اليهود". . اعلن الملاك لمريم ان ابنها, الذي من نسل الملك داود, سوف يكون الملك الذي يملك الى الابد. . قبل ان يصلب يسوع, بسخرية دعى الجنود الرومان يسوع ب "ملك اليهود". هذا اللقب ايضا كتب على لوحة من الخشب و سمرت اعلى صليب يسوع. . حقا يسوع هو ملك اليهود و هو الملك على كل الخليقة.

اقتراحات الترجمة

.اللفظ "ملك اليهود" ممكن ان يترجم ب "ملك على اليهود" او "الملك الذي يملك على اليهود" او " حاكم اليهود الاعلى". . تحقق من العبارة "ملك ل" كيف تمت ترجمتها في اماكن اخرى.

ملكة

الملكة هي اما ان تكون الانثى التي تحكم بلد ما او زوجة الملك. . اصبحت استير ملكة للامبراطورية الفارسية عندما تزوجت الملك احشيوروش. . الملكة ايزابل هي الزوجة الشريرة للملك احاب. . ملكة سبأ هي ملكة مشهورة جاءت لزيارة الملك سليمان. . اللفظ "الملكة الام" عادة يشير الى ام او جدة الملك الحاكم او ارملة الملك السابق. الملكة الام لها تأثير كبير, مثلما هو ظاهر في حالة عثليا التي أثرت على الشعب و قادته الى عبادة الاوثان

ملكوت

الملكوت هي جماعة من الناس يحكمها ملك. و يشير ايضا الى مملكة او الى مناطق سياسية التي يحكمها ملك او حكام اخرون و لهم سيطرة و سلطة عليها. . يمكن للملكوت ان يكون بأي حجم جغرافيا. يمكن للملك ان يحكم على امة او دولة او فقط مدينة واحدة. . اللفظ "ملكوت" ممكن ان يشير ايضا الى ملك روحي او سلطة, مثل اللفظ "ملكوت الله". . الله هو ملك على كل الخليقة, لكن اللفظ "ملكوت الله" بصفة خاصة يشير الى ملك الله و سيادته على الناس الذين امنوا بالمسيح و الذين خضعوا لسلطانه. . الكتاب المقدس يتكلم ايضا عن امتلاك الشيطان ل "ملكوت" و الذي يملك عليه مؤقتا على بعض الاشياء على هذه الارض. ملكوته شرير و يشار اليه ب "الظلام".

اقتراحات الترجمة

. عندما يشير الى مملكة مادية التي يحكمها ملك اللفظ "ملكوت" ممكن ان يترجم ب, "دولة".

ملكوت الله, ملكوت السماوات

اللفظين "ملكوت الله" و "ملكوت السماوات" كلاهما يشير الى مُلك الله و سيادته على شعبه و على كل الخليقة. . عادة ما يستخدم اليهود اللفظ "سماء" للاشارة الى الله, لتجنب نطق اسمه مباشرة. . في العهد الجديد, كتب متى, في اشارته الى ملكوت الله "ملكوت السماوات", ربما لانه يخاطب اليهود. . ملكوت الله يشير الى الملك الروحي لله على شعبه و ايضا الملك في العالم المادي. . انبياء العهد القديم قالوا ان الله سوف يقيم المسيا لكي يحكم بالعدل. يسوع, ابن الله, هو المسيا الذي سوف يملك في ملكوت الله الى الابد.

اقتراحات الترجمة

. على حسب السياق, "ملكوت الله" ممكن ان يترجم ب "حكم الله".

ملكي

المصطلح "ملكي" يصف الاشخاص و الاشياء المرتبطة بملك او بملكة. . امثلة عن اشياء يمكن ان ندعوها "ملكية" تشمل ثياب الملك, القصر,العرش, او التاج. . الملك او الملكة عادة يعيشون في قصر ملكي. . يلبس الملك ملابس خاصة, احيانا تسمى "اردية ملكية". غالبا ما تكون اردية الملك ملونة بالارجواني, الذي يعتبر نوعا باهضا من الاصبغة النادرة. . في العهد الجديد, المؤمنون بيسوع يدعون "سلالة كهنة ملوكية". طرق اخرى لترجمة هذا قد تشمل, "الكهنة الذين يخدمون الله الملك" او "مدعوون ليكونوا كهنة لله الملك". . اللفظ "ملكي" يمكن ان يترجم ايضا ب "ينتمي للملك".

ملكي صادق

خلال الفترة التي عاش فيها ابراهيم, كان ملكي صادق ملكا على مدينة السلام ( "اورشليم" لاحقا). . معنى اسم ملكي صادق, "ملك العدل" و لقبه هو "ملك السلام" و الذي يعني ملك للسلام. . و سمي ايضا "كاهن الله العلي". . اول ذكر لملكي صادق في الكتاب المقدس كان عندما قدم لابراهيم خبزا و خمرا بعدما انقذ ابراهيم ابن اخيه لوط من الاسر من يد ملوك اقوياء. اعطى ابراهيم لملكي صادق عشر الغنيمة التي اغتنمها من انتصاره. . في العهد الجديد, وصف ملكي صادق انه بدون اب و لا ام. و سمي كاهنا و ملكا يملك الى الابد. . العهد الجديد ايضا يخبرنا ان يسوع كاهن على رتبة "ملكي صادق".لم ينحدر يسوع من نسل لاوي المخصص للكهنوت. كهنوته كان مباشرة من عند الله, مثلما كان كهنوت ملكي صادق. . على اساس هذه المواصفات التي اعطيت له في الكتاب المقدس, كان ملكي صادق كاهن بشري تم اختياره ايضا من طرف الله ليكون رمزا ليسوع, الملك الازلي للسلام و العدل و كاهننا الاعظم و الاسمى.

ممتليء بالروح القدس

اللفظ "ممتليء بالروح القدس" هو تعبير مجازي يعني ان الروح القدس يُمكن الشخص لعمل مشيئة الله. . التعبير "ممتليء ب" هو تعبير يعني عادة "خاضع لسيطرة". . يمتليء الناس "بالروح" عندما يتبعون قيادة الروح القدس و يعتمدون عليه بالكامل لمساعدتهم لعمل ارادة الله.

اقتراحات الترجمة

. هذا اللفظ ممكن ان يترجم ب , "يتقوى بالروح القدس" او " خاضع لقيادة الروح القدس". لكن يجب ان لا يبدو كما لو ان الروح القدس يُجبر الشخص على عمل شيء ما. . جملة مثل " مملوء بالروح القدس" ممكن ان تترجم ب, " يعيش بشكل كامل بقوة الروح القدس" او "هو منقاد بالكامل بالروح القدس". . هذا اللفظ شبيه في المعنى للتعبير "منقاد بالروح", لكن " مملوء بالروح" تأكد الاكتمال الذي به يسمح الشخص للروح القدس ان يؤثر على حياته.اذا هناك تعبيرين يجب ان يترجما بطريقة مختلفة, اذا كان ممكنا.

ممفيس

مدينة ممفيس كانت عاصمة مصر القديمة. تمتد على طول نهر النيل. . تقع ممفيس في مصر السفلى, بالتحديد جنوب دلتا النيل, حيث التربة خصبة جدا و المحاصيل وفيرة. . تربتها الخصبة و موقعها الهام بين مصر السفلى و العليا جعل من ممفيس مدينة رائدة في التجارة.

مملكة اسرائيل

اللفظ "مملكة اسرائيل" يشير الى الجزء الشمالي من امة اسرائيل عندما انقسمت العشائر الاثنى عشر الى مملكتين بعد موت سليمان. . مملكة اسرائيل في الشمال تتكون من عشرة عشائر و مملكة يهوذا في الجنوب تتكون من عشيرتين. . عاصمة مملكة اسرائيل هي السامرة. و تقع على بعد 50 كيلومتر من اورشليم, عاصمة يهوذا. . كل ملوك مملكة اسرائيل كانوا اشرارا. و اثروا على الشعب لعبادة الالهة الوثنية المزيفة. . ارسل الله الاشوريين لمهاجمة مملكة اسرائيل. و الكثير من بني اسرائيل تم اسرهم و اخذوا بعيدا ليعيشوا في اشورية. . احضر الاشوريون الغرباء ليعيشوا بين بقية الشعب الذي كان في اسرائيل. هؤلاء الغرباء تزوجوا بالاسرائيليات, و النسل المنحدر منهم هم الشعب السامري.

منارة

في الكتاب المقدس, اللفظ "منارة" بصفة عامة يشير الى هيكل يوضع عليه مصباح بهدف توفير الضوء في الغرفة. . المنارة البسيطة عادة تحمل مصباح واحد و تصنع من الطين, الخشب, او المعدن ( مثل البرونز, الفضة, او الذهب). . في اورشليم في الهيكل يوجد منارة ذهبية خاصة لها سبعة سرج تحمل سبع مصابيح.

اقتراحات الترجمة

. هذا اللفظ قد يترجم ايضا ب, "قاعدة مصباح" او "هيكل لحمل المصباح" او "حامل المصباح". . بالنسبة لمنارة الهيكل, ممكن ان تترجم ب, "منارة ذات المصابيح السبعة" او "القاعدة الذهبية ذات المصابيح السبعة". . سيكون من المفيد في الترجمة اضافة صورة بسيطة لمنارة و سبع السرج للمقاطع ذات الصلة.

منافق, نفاق

اللفظ "منافق" يشير الى الشخص الذي يفعل اشياء تبدو ضاهريا صالحة, و لكن في الحقيقة هي افعال شريرة. اللفظ "نفاق" تشير الى سلوك من يخدع الناس باعتقادهم ان هذا الشخص هو شخص صالح. . المنافقون يريد ان يراهم الناس و هم يفعلون الاشياء الجيدة لكي يعتقدوا انهم اناس صالحون. . عادة ما ينتقد المنافق الناس الاخرين لفعلهم اشياء خاطئة هم بدورهم يفعلونها. . دعى يسوع الفريسيين بالمنافقين لانهم يفعلون اشياء دينية بلبسهم لباس معين واكلهم لمأكولات معينة, و لكنهم ليسوا لطفاء و غير منصفين مع الناس الاخرين. . يشير المنافق الى اخطاء الاخرين, و لا يعترف بخطاياه الشخصية.

اقتراحات الترجمة

. بعض اللغات لديها تعبير مثل "ذو وجهين" الذي يشير الى الشخص المنافق او الى افعاله. . طرق اخرى لترجمة "منافق" ممكن ان تشمل, "كذّاب" او "مدّعي" او "متكبر, شخص مخادع". . اللفظ "نفاق" ممكن ان يترجم ب, "خداع" او "اعمال زائفة" او "تظاهر".

منسى

يوجد خمسة رجال يحملون اسم منسى في العهد القديم: . منسى هو اسم الابن البكر ليوسف. . كل من منسى و اخوه الاصغر افرايم تم تبنيهما من طرف والد يوسف. يعقوب الذي اعطى لنسليهما ان يكون من ضمن عشائر بني اسرائيل الاثني عشر. . ذرية منسى شكلت واحدة من عشائر بني اسرائيل. . عشيرة منسى كانت تدعى عادة "نصف سبط منسى" لان جزء فقط من السبط استوطن في ارض كنعان, في الضفة الغربية لنهر الاردن. الجزء الاخر من السبط امتلك في الجزء الشرقي من الاردن. . واحد من ملوك يهوذا كان ايضا اسمه منسى. . الملك منسى كان ملك شرير وقدم ابنه الوحيد تقدمة محرقة للاوثان. . عاقب الله الملك منسى بأن سمح لجيش لعدو بالقبض عليه. رجع منسى للرب و هدم مذابح السرايا اين كانت تعبد الاوثان. . رجلين يحملان اسم منسى عاشا خلال الفترة التي عاش فيها عزرا. هذان الرجلان طلبا الانفصال عن الزوجات اللواتي من الامم, واللواتي جررنهم لعبادة الاوثان. . منسى اخر هو جد احد الدانيين الذين كانوا كهنة للاوثان.

منّ

المن هو اكل ابيض شبيه بالحبوب اعطاه الله لبني اسرائيل ليكون طعاما لهم مدة اربعين سنة زمن عبورهم في البرية بعد خروجهم من ارض مصر. . المن يشبه رقائق بيضاء التي تظهر كل صباح على الارض تحت الندى. و هو حلو المذاق مثل العسل. . يجمع بني اسرائيل المن كل يوم ماعدا يوم السبت. . في اليوم الذي يسبق السبت, امر الله بني اسرائيل ان يجمعوا ضعف الكمية المعتادة من المن و هذا لكي لا يجمعوا في يوم راحتهم. . الكلمة "من" تعني "ما هو هذا؟". . في الكتاب المقدس, يشار الى المن ايضا على انه "خبز من السماء" او "بزر من السماء".

اقتراحات الترجمة . طرق اخرى لترجمة هذا اللفظ يمكن ان تشمل, "رقائق اكل رفيعة بيضاء" او "طعام من السماء". . الاخذ بعين الاعتبار كيف ترجمت هذه الكلمة في اللغة المحلية او الوطنية.

مهلك

اللفظ "مهلك" حرفيا يعني, "الشخص الذي يدمر". . هذا اللفظ يستخدم عادة في العهد القديم كإشارة عامة لأي كان شخص يُهلك الناس الاخرين, مثل جيش من الغزاة. . عندما ارسل الله الملاك لكي يقتل كل مولود بكر من الذكور في مصر, اُشير الى هذا الملاك على انه, "مهلك الابكار". هذا ممكن ان يترجم ب, "الذي (او الملاك) يقتل ابكار الذكور". . في سفر الرؤيا فيما يخص نهاية الازمنة, الشيطان او بعض الارواح الشريرة الاخرى يسمون "المهلك" وهو "الذي يهلك" لان هدفه تدمير وتخريب اي شيء خلقه الله.

موآب, موآبي, موآبية

موآب هو ابن لوط من ابنته الكبرى. و اصبح اسم الارض التي سكنها هو وعائلته. اللفظ "موآبي" يشير الى الشخص الذي ينحدر من موآب او الذي يسكن في ارض موآب. . تقع بلاد موآب الى شرق البحر الميت. . موآب تقع في الشرق الجنوبي من مدينة بيت لحم اين سكنت نعمي و عائلتها. . كانت راعوث في بيت لحم تدعى ب "الموآبية" لانها امرأة من ارض موآب. يمكن ترجمة هذا اللفظ ايضا ب, "المرأة الموآبية" او "امرأة من موآب".

مواطن

المواطن هو الشخص الذي يعيش في مدينة, بلد, او مملكة محددة. و تشير بالخصوص الى الشخص المعترف به رسميا كمقيم قانوني في ذلك المكان. . على حسب السياق, ممكن ان تترجم كذلك ب " ساكن" او " مقيم رسمي". . المواطن ممكن ان يعيش في منطقة تعتبر جزءا من مملكة كبيرة او امبراطورية التي يحكمها ملك, امبراطور, او حاكم آخر. مثلا, بولس كان مواطن من الامبراطورية الرومانية, التي تتكون من الكثير من المقاطعات, بولس عاش في واحدة من هذه المقاطعات. . في المعنى المجازي, المؤمنون بيسوع يدعون " مواطنون" سماويون بالمعنى انهم سيعيشون هناك يوما ما. مثل مواطن في بلد ما, المسيحيون ينتمون الى ملكوت الله.

موت, ميت, موتى

يشير هذا اللفظ الى الى كل من الموت الجسدي و الروحي. جسديا يشير الى توقف الجسم المادي للشخص عن الحياة. روحيا, الى انفصال الخطاة عن الله القدوس بسبب خطاياهم.

اقتراحات الترجمة

. لترجمة هذا اللفظ, من الافضل استخدام الكلمة او العبارة اليومية, و العادية التي تشير الى الموت في اللغة المستهدفة. . في بعض اللغات, "الموت" ممكن ان تعبر عنها ب "ان لا يعيش". اللفظ "ميت" ممكن ان تترجم ب "غير حي" او " ليس فيه اي حياة" او "لا يعيش". . العديد من اللغات تستخدم المعنى المجازي لوصف الموت, مثل "زال" بالانجليزية. و مع ذلك في الكتاب المقدس من الافضل استخدام اكثر كلمة مباشرة للموت التي تستخدم في اللغة اليومية. . في الكتاب المقدس, الحياة الجسدية و الموت عادة ما تقارن بالحياة الروحية و الموت. انه من المهم خلال الترجمة استخدام نفس الكلمة او العبارة لكليهما الموت الجسدي و الموت الروحي. . في بعض اللغات من الممكن ان يكون اكثر وضوحا او نقول "الموت الروحي" عندما يقصد هذا المعنى في السياق. ربما يجد بعض المترجمين انه من الافضل القول "الموت الجسدي" في السياقات التي يتم فيها مقابلتها بالموت الروحي. . التعبير, "الموتى" هو صفة اسمية تشير الى الناس الذين ماتوا. بعض اللغات تترجم هذا ب, "الناس الموتى" او " الناس الذين ماتوا".

موسى

موسى هو نبي و قائد لشعب اسرائيل لمدة 40 سنة. . عندما كان موسى رضيعا, وضعه والداه في سنط على ضفاف نهر النيل و ذلك لاخفاءه عن فرعون مصر. و كانت اخته مريم تراقبه هناك. نجى موسى عندما وجدته ابنة فرعون و اخذته الى القصر و ربته مثل ابنها. . اختار الله موسى لكي ينقذ بني اسرائيل من العبودية في مصر و قادهم الى ارض الموعد. . بعد ذلك خرج بنو اسرائيل من مصر و تاهوا في البرية, اعطى الله لموسى لوحي الشريعة و قد كتب عليهما الوصايا العشر. . في اخر ايامه رأى موسى ارض الموعد, و لكنه لم يدخل اليها لانه عصى الله.

موطيء القدمين

اللفظ "موطيء القدمين" يشير الى الشيء الذي يضع عليه الشخص قدميه, عادة ليريحهما من الجلوس. لهذا اللفظ ايضا ااستخدامات مجازية تعني الخضوع و الاذلال. . الناس في زمن الكتاب المقدس يعتبرون القدم الجزء الاقل كرامة في الجسم. اذا "موطيء القدمين"هو الاقل شرف لان القدم توضع عليه. . عندما قال الله "سأضع اعدائي موطيء قدمي" انه يعلن القوة, الهيمنة, و الانتصار على الشعوب التي تمردت عليه. سوف يوضعون و يتذللون الى درجة الخضوع لمشيئة الله. . ان "يعبد عند موطيء قدمي الله" يعني الانحناء سجودا لعبادته بعد ان يجلس على عرشه. هذا ايضا يبين التواضع والخضوع لله. . يشير داود الى الهيكل على انه موطيء قدمي الله. هذا يشير الى سلطته الكاملة اتجاه شعبه. و هذا يصور ان الله هو الملك على عرشه, ورجليه تستريح في موطيء قدميه, كل هذا يمثل الخضوع له.

مولك

مولك هو اسم واحد من الالهة الوثنية التي عبدها الكنعانيون. تهجئة اخرى لمولك هي "مولوخ". . الشعوب التي عبدت مولك قاموا بتقديم ابناءهم ذبيحة له طريق احراقهم بالنار. . بعض من بني اسرائيل ايضا عبدوا مولك بدل الاله الرب الحي الحقيقي. وقد تبعوا هذه الممارسات الوثنية لعبادة مولك, بما في ذلك تقديم ابناءهم كذبائح له.

مولود ثانية,مولود من الله, الولادة الجديدة

اللفظ "مولود ثانية" استعمل اولا من طرف يسوع ليشرح ما يعني بالنسبة لله ان يغير شخص من كونه ميت روحيا الى شخص حي روحيا. اللفظ "مولود من الله" و"مولود من الروح" يشير كذلك الى شخص اعطيت له حياة روحية جديدة. . كل البشر ولدوا ميتين روحيا و اعطيت لهم "ولادة جديدة" عندما قبلوا يسوع المسيح كمخلص لهم. . في وقت الولادة الروحية الجديدة, يبدأ روح الله يحيا في المؤمن الجديد و يقويه لكي ينتج ثمار روحية جيدة في حياته. . انه عمل الاهي الذي يجعل الشخص يولد من جديد و يصبح ابنا له. اقتراحات الترجمة . طرق اخرى لترجمة "الولادة الجديدة" ممكن ان تشمل, " وٌلد من جديد" او "الولادة الروحية". . من الافضل ترجمة هذه الكلمة حرفيا و استعمال الكلمة العادية في اللغة التي تستعمل للدلالة على انه اصبح مولودا. . اللفظ "ولادة جديدة" ممكن ان يترجم ب "ولادة روحية". . العبارة "مولود من الله" ممكن ان تترجم ب, "سبب الله ان تكون له حياة جديدة مثل الطفل المولود حديثا". او " اعطيت له حياة جديدة من عند الله". . بنفس الطريقة, "مولود من الروح" ممكن ان تترجم ب, "اعطيت له حياة جديدة من طرف الروح القدس" او "بقوة من الروح القدس اصبح ابن لله" او " سبب الروح القدس ان تكون له حياة جديدة مثل الطفل المولود حديثا".

ميخا

ميخا هو نبي من يهوذا في الفترة حوالي 700 سنة قبل الميلاد, في زمن خدمة النبي اشعياء في يهوذا. رجل اخر يحمل اسم ميخا عاش في زمن القضاة. . سفر ميخا هو تقريبا في نهاية العهد القديم. . تنبأ ميخا بخراب السامرةعلى يد الاشوريين. . وبخ ميخا شعب يهوذا على عصيانهم لله و حذرهم من هجوم الاعداء. . انتهت هذه النبوءة برجاء في الله, بأنه امين و سينقذ شعبه. . في كتاب القضاة قصة عن رجل اسمه ميخا عاش في افرايم و صنع له تمثالا من الفضة. واحضر شابا من اللاوئين لكي يعيش هناك و يصبح كاهنا له, غير ان الدانيين سرقوا التمثال و اخذوا الكاهن معه. و استقروا في مدينة لايش و نصبوا هناك تمثال الفضة و عبدوه.

ميخائيل

ميخائيل هو رئيس لكل ملائكة الله, وهو الملاك الوحيد الذي تمت الاشارة له على انه "رئيس جند" الله. . اللفظ "رئيس جند" لغويا تعني "رئيس الملائكة" او "قائد الملائكة". . ميخائيل هو محارب يحارب اعداء الله و يحمي شعب الله. . قاد بني اسرائيل للقتال ضد جيش فارس. و في نهاية الزمان سوف يقود جيوش بني اسرائيل ضد قوى الشر, كما تنبأ النبي دانيال. . هناك العديد من الرجال في الكتاب المقدس يحملون اسم ميخائيل. و العديد من الرجال تمت الاشارة اليهم على انهم "ابن ميخائيل".

ميشائيل

ميشائيل هو اسم لثلاث رجال من العهد القديم. . احدهم هو ميشائيل ابن عم هارون. عندما امات الله ابني هارون لدى تقريبهما لنار غريبة امام الرب على خلاف ما امرهم به, ميشائيل و اخوه اوكلت لهما مهمة الاهتمام بجسد الميتين لرفعها و اخراجها خارج المحلة. . رجل اخر يحمل اسم ميشائيل وقف بجانب عزرا عندما كان يتلو على مسامع الشعب مخطوطة الشريعة التي تم العثور عليها. . في الفترة التي كان فيها بنو اسرائيل في السبي في بابل. أُخذ شاب اسمه ميشائيل الى السبي لكي يعيش في بابل, و اعطاه البابليين اسم, "ميشخ" هو و مرافقيه عزريا (شدرخ) و حنانيا (عبدناغو), رفضوا السجود لتمثال الملك و أُلقي بهم في اتون النار.

ميّز, تمييز

اللفظ "ميّز" يعنى ان يكون قادرا على فهم شيء ما, و بالخصوص ان يكون قادرا على معرفة ان كان شيء ما صحيحا ام خاطئا. . اللفظ "تمييز" يشير الى فهم و اتخاذ قرار حكيم في بعض المسائل. . يعني ان يملك الحكمة و حكم جيد.

اقتراحات الترجمة

. على حسب السياق, "يميز" ممكن ان تترجم ب "يفهم" او " يعرف الفرق بين" او " التفريق بين الخير والشر" او "يحكم حكما صحيحا على " او "ادراك الصح من الخطأ". . "التمييز" ممكن ان تترجم ب, "الفهم" او "القدرة على التفريق بين الخير والشر".

مَجّدَ

اللفظ "مجدَ" يعني ان يُظهر و ان يقول عن شيء ما او شخص ما كم هو عظيم و مهم. المعنى الحرفي "يعطي المجد". . يستطيع الناس ان يمجدوا الله بالتحدث عن الاشياء الرائعة التي عملها. . و يستطيعون ايضا تمجيد الله بأن يحيوا حياة تكرم اسمه و تظهر كم هو عظيم و رائع. . عندما يقول الكتاب المقدس ان الله يمجد نفسه, هذا يعني انه يكشف للناس عجيب عظمته, من خلال المعجزات. . الله الآب سوف يمجد الله الابن بأن يكشف للناس كمال الابن, روعته, و عظمته. . كل المؤمنون بالمسيح سوف يُمجدون معه. عندما يقامون الى الحياة, سوف يتغيرون ليعكسوا مجده و يظهرون نعمته الى كل الخليقة.

اقتراحات الترجمة . هذا اللفظ ممكن ان يترجم ب, "يعطي المجد ل" او "يقدم المجد ل" او "يجعل عظمته تظهر". . العبارة "مجدوا الله" ممكن ان تترجم ب" سبحوا الله" او "تكلموا بعظمة عن الله" او "اظهروا كم ان الله عظيم" او "اكرموا الله".

مُلك

اللفظ "مُلك" يعني ان يحكم كملك على شعب دولة معينة او مملكة. مُلك الملك هي الفترة الزمنية التي حكم فيها هذا الملك. . اللفظ "مُلك" يشير ايضا الى مُلك الله على كل الكون. . سمح الله للحكام البشريين ان يملكوا على اسرائيل عندما رفضوه كملك عليهم. . عندما يعود يسوع المسيح, سوف يملك الى ما لا نهاية على كل العالم و سيملك معه ايضا المؤمنون به. . هذا اللفظ يمكن ان يترجم ايضا ب "الحاكم المطلق" او "يملك كملك" او "يحكم كملك".

ناثان

ناثان هو نبي مخلص لله عاش خلال الفترة التي كان فيها داود ملكا على اسرائيل. . ارسل الله ناثان لمواجهة داود بعدما اخطأ داود في حق اوريا. . وبخ ناثان داود, رغم ان داود كان ملكا. . تاب داود عن خطأه بعد مواجهة ناثان له.

ناحور

ناحور هو اسم لرجلين من اقرباء ابراهيم: جده و اخوه. . ناحور اخو ابراهيم هو جد رفقة زوجة اسحاق. . العبارة "مدينة ناحور" قد تعني, "المدينة المسماة ناحور" او "المدينة التي سكن فيها ناحور" او "مدينة ناحور".

ناحوم

ناحوم هو نبي تنبأ خلال فترة حكم الملك الشرير منسى على مملكة يهوذا. . ناحوم هو من مدينة ألقوش, على بعد 20 كيلومتر من اورشليم. . سفر العهد القديم ناحوم يسجل لنا نبوؤاته حول خراب المدينة الاشورية نينوى.

نار

النار هي الحرارة, الضوء, واللهب الذي ينتج عند احتراق شيء ما, . احتراق الخشب بالنار يحول الخشب الى رماد. . اللفظ "نار" يستخدم ايضا مجازيا, عادة ما يشير الى الدينونة او التطهير. . دينونة غير المؤمنين الاخيرة تكون في النار او الجحيم. . تستخدم النار لصقل الذهب و المعادن الاخرى. في الكتاب المقدس, هذه العملية تستخدم لشرح كيف ان الله يصقل الناس عبر الاشياء الصعبة التي تحدث في حياتهم. . العبارة "يعمد بالنار" ممكن ان تترجم ب, "يسمح لك بإختبار الالم بهدف تنقيتك".

ناصرة, ناصري

الناصرة هي مدينة تقع في منطقة الجليل شمال اسرائيل. و هي على بعد 100 كيلومتر شمال اورشليم, و هي مسافة يمكن قطعها في ثلاثة الى خمسة ايام سيرا على الاقدام. . يوسف و مريم هما من الناصرة, و هناك نشأ يسوع. لهذا يقال عنه "ناصري". . الكثير من اليهود المقيمين في الناصرة لا يتقبلون تعليم يسوع, لانه كبر بينهم و كانوا يعتقدون انه مجرد شخص عادي. . في احد المرات و عندما كان يسوع يعلم في المجمع في الناصرة, حاول اليهود هناك ان يقتلوه لانه اعلن انه هو المسيا فإنتهروه و أرادوا رجمه. . ملاحظة نثنائيل عندما سمع عن يسوع انه من الناصرة تبين ان هذه المدينة لم تكن ذات اهمية.

نبتهج

اللفظ "نبتهج" يعني ان يكون مليء بالفرح و السرور. . هذا اللفظ عادة ما يشير الى كونه فرحا جدا بالاشياء التي عملها الله. . يمكن ان يترجم ب, "كن فرحا جدا" او "كن مسرورا جدا" او "كن ممتلئا بالفرح". . عندما قالت مريم, "تبتهج نفسي بالله مخلصي" قصدت, "الهي مخلصي جعلني فرحة جدا" او "احس بفرح كثير بسبب ما عمله لي الله مخلصي".

نبوخذنصّر

نبوخذنصّرهو ملك الامبراطورية البابلية و يملك جيش قوي غزا العديد من الشعوب و الامم. . تحت قيادة نبوخذنصر, غزا الجيش البابلي و هجم على مملكة يهوذا, و اخذ الكثير من اهل يهوذا الى السبي الى بابل. دام السبي البابلي 70 سنة. . واحد من المسبيين, دانيال, فسر حلم الملك نبوخذنصّر. . ثلاثة مسبيين اخرين و هم, حنانيا, ميكال, عزريا, تم رميهم في اتون النار عندما رفضوا السجود لتمثال الذهب الكبير الذي صنعه نبوخذنصّر. . كان الملك نبوخذنصّر متكبر جدا و عبد الاوثان, و عندما غزا يهوذا, سرق الكثير من الاواني الذهبية و الفضية من الهيكل في اورشليم. . و لانه كان متعجرفا و رفض التوبة عن عبادة الاوثان, جعله الله مذلولا لمدة سبع سنوات, عاش فيها كالحيوان. و بعد سبع سنوات, اعاد الله نبوخذنصّر الى سالف عهده بعد ان وضع نفسه و عبد الله الحي الحقيقي.

نبي, نبوءة, تنبأ, رائي, نبية

ال "نبي" هو الرجل الذي يتكلم برسائل من عند الله الى الشعب. المرأة التي تعمل هذا تسمى "نبية". .عادة ما يحث الانبياء الناس بأن يبتعدوا عن خطاياهم و يطيعون الله. . "النبوءة" هي الرسالة التي يتكلم بها النبي. ان "يتنبأ" يعني ان يتكلم برسائل من الله. . عادة ما تكون رسالة النبوءة بخصوص شيء ما سيحدث في المستقبل. . الكثير من نبوؤات العهد القديم تحققت بالفعل. . في الكتاب المقدس مجموعة الاسفار التي كُتبت من طرف الانبياء يتم الاشارة اليها احيانا ب "الانبياء". . مثلا, العبارة, "الشريعة و الانبياء" هي طريقة للاشارة الى كل الكتابات العبرية, و التي تعرف ايضا بالعهد القديم. . "الرائي" او "الذي يرى" هو لفظ قديم يقال عن النبي. . في بعض الاحيان اللفظ "رائي" يشير الى النبي الكاذب او الى شخص يمارس العرافة.

اقتراحات الترجمة . اللفظ "نبي" يمكن ترجمته ب "المتحدث بإسم الله" او "الرجل الذي يتكلم بكلام الله" او "الرجل الذي يتكلم برسائل من الله". . ال "رائي" يمكن ان تترجم ب, "الشخص الذي يرى رؤى"او "الشخص الذي يرى رؤى عن المستقبل من عند الله". . اللفظ "نبية" يمكن ان يترجم ب, "المرأة التي تتكلم برسائل من الله". . طرق لترجمة "نبوءة" قد تشمل, "رسالة من الله" او "رسالة نبوية". . اللفظ "تنبأ" يمكن ان يترجم ب "يتكلم كلام من عند الله". . التعبير التصويري, "الشريعة و الانبياء" يمكن ان يترجم ب, " كتب الشريعة و الانبياء" او "كل شيء كتب عن الله و عن شعبه, الذي يتضمن شرائع الله و ما تكلم به انبياءه".

نبي دجّال

النبي الدجّال هو شخص يقدم اعلانات كاذبة على انها رسائل معطاة من عند الله. . نبوؤات الانبياء الدجّالين هي عادة غير صحيحة, اي انها لا تتحقق. . الانبياء الدجّالون يعلمون رسائل بعضها او كلها تتناقض مع ما يقوله الكتاب المقدس. . هذا اللفظ ممكن ايضا ان يترجم ب "شخص يعلن كذبا انه متكلم من عند الله" او "شخص يعلن كذبا انه يتكلم بكلام الله". . العهد الجديد يعلم انه في نهاية الازمنة سوف يأتي الكثير من الانبياء الكذبة الذين سوف يحاولون خداع الناس بجعلهم يعتقدون انهم جاؤوا من عند الله.

نبيل, رجل نبيل

اللفظ "نبيل" يشير الى شيء جيد و ذو جودة عالية. "الرجل النبيل" هو شخص ينتمي الى طبقة سياسية او اجتماعية عالية. . النبيل عادة ما يكون موظف حكومي, او خادم مقرب للملك. . اللفظ "نبيل" قد يترجم ايضا ب, "مسؤول لدى الملك" او "ضابط حكومي" او "رجل ذو نشأة نبيلة".

نجاسة , رجس

اللفظ " نجاسة" يستخدم للاشارة الى شيء يسبب الاشمئزاز او البغض الشديد. . اعتبرالمصريون ان الشعب العبري يمثل ال "نجاسة". هذا يعني ان المصريين يبغضون العبرانيين و لا يريدون الاختلاط بهم و لا ان يكونوا قريبين منهم . . بعض الاشياء يسميها الكتاب المقدس " رجس عند الرب " تتضمن: الكذب , الكبرياء , الذبائح البشرية , عبادة الاوثان , القتل , الخطايا الجنسية مثل الدعارة و الشذوذ الجنسي ...الخ. . اثناء تعليمه لتلاميذه في ما يخص نهاية الازمنة , يسوع اشار الى نبوءة النبي دانيال في ما يخص " رجاسة الخراب " التي ستقام كتمرد ضد الله , بتدنيس مكان عبادته .

اقتراحات الترجمة

. اللفظة " نجاسة " ممكن ان تترجم كذلك ب , " شيء يبغظه الله" او " شيء بغيض" او " ممارسة بغيضة " او " فعل شرير جدا" . . حسب السياق , طرق ترجمة العبارة , " انه رجس ل " يمكن ان تشمل : " انه مكروه جدا عند " أو " انه بغيض ل " أو " انه غير مقبول نهائيا عند " أو " انه يسبب إشمئزاز عميق ". . العبارة " نجاسة الخراب " ممكن أن تترجم مثل , " تدنيس شيء بسببه يصبح الشعب متضرر جدا " أو " الاشمئزاز من شيء يسبب حزنا كبيرا " .

نجس

في الكتاب المقدس, اللفظ "نجس" يستخدم استخداما رمزيا للاشارة الى الاشياء التي اعلن الله انها غير لائق بشعبه ان يلمسها, يأكلها, او يقدمها كذبيحة. . اعطى الله لبني اسرائيل تعليمات بخصوص اي حيوانات هي طاهرة و اي منها نجسة, الحيوانات النجسة ليس مسموح لهم ان يستخدموها للاكل او للذبيحة. . الاشخاص المصابون ببعض الامراض الجلدية يقال عنهم "نجسين" الى ان يتم شفاؤهم. . اذا لمس بنو اسرائيل شيئا "نجسا" فهم يكونون نجسين لفترة معينة من الزمن. . طاعة اوامر الله بعدم لمس او اكل اشياء نجسة يحفظ بنو اسرائيل بالبقاء مفرزين لخدمة الله. . هذه النجاسة الجسدية و الطقسية هي ايضا رمز للنجاسة الاخلاقية. . بمعنى رمزي آخر, "روح نجس" يشير الى روح شرير.

اقتراحات الترجمة . اللفظ "نجس" يمكن ان يترجم ب "ليس طاهرا" او "غير لائق في نظر الله" او "نجس جسديا" او "دنس". . عندما يشير الى شيطان كروح شرير, "نجس"يمكن ان تترجم ب "شرير" او "دنس". . ترجمة هذا اللفظ يجب ان تبتعد عن النجاسة الروحية, يجب ان تكون قادرة للاشارة الى اي شيء يعلن الله انه غير لائق للمس, الاكل, او تقديمه كذبيحة.

نجف

النجف هو منطقة صحراوية تقع في الجزء الجنوبي من اسرائيل, جنوب شرق بحر الملح. . الكلمة الاصلية تعني "الجنوب" و تترجمها بعض الترجمات الانجليزية بهذه الطريقة. . قد تكون هذه المنطقة الجنوبية ليس في ذات الموقع لما يسمى في ايامنا هذه صحراء النجف. . عندما يسكن ابراهيم في مدينة قادش, كان ذلك في النجف او المنطقة الجنوبية. . كان اسحاق يقيم في النجف عندما تم احضار رفقة لتكون زوجة له. . كل من عشيرة يهوذا و شمعون اقاما في هذه المنطقة الجنوبية. . اكبر مدينة في منطقة النجف هي بئر سبع.

نجّس, نجِس

الالفاظ "نجّس" و "نجِس" يشير الى انه يصبح ملوث و متسخ. يمكن للشيء ان يكون ملوثا جسديا, او فكريا, او شعائريا. . حذّر الله بني اسرائيل بأن لا ينجسوا انفسهم بأكل او بلمس أشياء أعلن انها "غير طاهرة" او "غير مقدسة". . بعض الاشياء مثل اجساد الموتى و الامراض المعدية أُعلن من طرف الله انها غير طاهرة وتنجس الشخص الذي يلمسها. . امر الله بني اسرائيل لتجنب الخطايا الجنسية. لانها ستنجسهم و تجعلهم غير مقبولين لدى الله. . و هناك بعض انواع العمليات الجسدية التي تنجس الشخص مؤقتا الى ان يتطهر طقسيا مرة اخرى. . في العهد الجديد, علّم يسوع ان الافكار والافعال الخاطئة هي التي تنجس الانسان حقا.

اقتراحات الترجمة . اللفظ "نجّس" ممكن ايضا ان يترجم ب "تسبب في ان يكون غير طاهر" او "تسبب في ان يكون آثما" او "تسبب في ان يكون طقسيا غير مقبول". . "تنجس" ممكن ان تترجم ب "اصبح غير طاهر" او "بسببه اصبح غير مقبول أخلاقيا".

نحل, خلية نحل

العسل هو المادة الحلوة, اللزجة, الصالحة للاكل التي تصنعها النحلة من رحيق الازهار. خلية النحل هي الاطار الشمعي الذي يخزن النحل فيه العسل. . على حسب النوع, قد يكون العسل اصفر او بني اللون. . يمكن ايجاد العسل في البرية, مثل تجاويف الشجر, او في مكان يصنع فيه النحل اعشاشه. يربي الناس ايضا النحل في صناديق خلايا بهدف انتاج العسل للاستهلاك او للبيع, لكن من المرجح ان العسل المذكور في الكتاب المقدس هو عسل بري. . الاشخاص الذين اشار اليهم الكتاب المقدس و كانوا يأكلون العسل هم يوناثان, شمشون, و يوحنا المعمدان. . هذا اللفظ يستخدم ايضا بصورة مجازية ليصف شيئا حلوا او يسر النفس. على سبيل المثال, كلمات الله و اوامره قيل عنها انها "احلى من العسل". . في بعض الاحيان توصف كلمات الاشخاص انها تظهر حلوة مثل العسل, لكنها بدلا من ذلك تؤدي الى خداع و ايذاء الاخرين.

نحميا

نحميا هو واحد من بني اسرائيل الساكنين في الامبراطورية البابلية عندما تم اخذ شعب يهوذا و اسرائيل الى السبي من طرف البابليين. . و لانه كان ساقي الملك الفارسي, ارتحشستا, طلب نحميا من الملك الاذن بالرجوع الى اورشليم. . قاد نحميا بني اسرائيل الى اعادة بناء اسوار اورشليم التي تم تخريبها من طرف البابليين. . كان نحميا حاكما على اورشليم لمدة اثني عشر سنة قبل ان يعود الى القصر الملكي. . يخبرنا سفر العهد القديم نحميا عما فعله نحميا لاعادة بناء اسوار اورشليم و قيادته لسكان اورشليم. . هناك ايضا رجال اخرين يحملون اسم نحميا في العهد القديم. وغالبا ما يضاف اسم الاب للتمييز بينهم.

نخيل

اللفظ "نخيل" يشير الى نوع من الاشجار الطويلة ذات فروع كبيرة و مورقة و مرنة. تمتد من القمة على شكل مروحة. . تشير شجرة النخيل في الكتاب المقدس عادة الى نوع من النخيل الذي ينتج ثمار تسمى "تمر". و اوراقها على شكل ريشة. . اشجار النخيل عادة ما تنمو في الاماكن ذات الطقس الحار, و الرطب. و اوراقها دائمة الخضرة. . عند دخول يسوع الى اورشليم راكبا على اتان, وضع الناس اغصان النخيل امامه على الارض. . ترمز اغصان النخيل الى السلام و احتفال النصرة.

ندب, حداد

اللفظين "ندب" و "حداد" تشير الى التعبيرعن الحزن العميق, و بالخصوص في حالة موت شخص ما. . في العديد من الثقافات, يشمل الحداد مظاهر سلوكية خاصة تبين مدى الحزن و الاسى. . الاسرائيليون و شعوب اخرى في الازمنة القديمة يعبرون عن الحداد من خلال النحيب بصوت عال و النواح. و يرتدون الملابس الخشنة المصنوعة من المسوح و يذرون الرماء على رؤوسهم. . النادبون المستأجرون, و عادة النساء, اللواتي يبكين بصوت عال و يلطمن من وقت الموت الى غاية وضع الجسد في القبر. . الفترة النموذجية للحداد تدوم سبعة ايام, و قد تمتد الى اكثر من ثلاثين يوم ( مثلما حدث مع موسى و هارون) او سبعون يوما ( مثلما حدث مع ايوب). . و يستخدم الكتاب المقدس هذا اللفظ بطريقة مجازية, للتحدث عن "الحداد" بسبب الخطية. و يشير الى الشعور بالحزن العميق بسبب الخطية التي تؤلم الله و الناس.

نذر

النذر هو وعد يعده الشخص لله. يعد الشخص ان يفعل اشياء بهدف تمجيد الله بصفة خاصة او اظهار الاخلاص له. . بعد ان يعد الشخص بالنذر, يكون واجبا عليه ان يوفي نذره الذي نذره. . يعلم الكتاب المقدس ان الشخص يعاقب من طرف الله اذا لم يوفي وعده. . احيانا قد يطلب الشخص من الله ان يحميه مقابل نذر ينذره. . لكن الله غير مطالب بتحقيق ما طلبه الشخص مقابل نذره.

اقتراحات الترجمة . على حسب السياق, "نذر" يمكن ان تترجم ب "وعد رسمي" او "وعد قُدم لله". . هذا اللفظ يجب ان يترجم بطريقة مختلفة عن "يمين".

نذير. نذر نذرا

اللفظ "نذير" يشير الى الشخص الذي "نذر نذرا". خاصة الرجل الذي يؤدي نذرا, لكن النساء ايضا يمكنهم فعل ذلك. . الشخص الذي ينذر نذرا يتعهد ان لا يأكل اي طعام او يشرب شرابا مصنوعا من نتاج الكرمة لعدد معين من الايام, الاسابيع, او الاشهر الى غاية تحقيق النذر. و كذلك خلال هذه الفترة, لا يقص شعره و لا يلمس جسد ميت. . لما تنقضي المدة المطلوبة و يتحقق النذر, يذهب النذير الى الكاهن و يقدم ذبيحة. و يقص شعره و يحرقه. و يحل من كل القيود الاخرى. . شمشون رجل مشهور في العهد القديم و كان نذيرا. . الملاك الذي اخبر عن ميلاد يوحنا المعمدان قال لزكريا بأن ابنه لن يشرب خمرا, و هذا يبين ان يوحنا كان تحت نذر. . الرسول بولس في احد المرات نذر نذرا, على حسب احد المقاطع من سفر اعمال الرسل.

نسر

النسر هو طائر كاسر كبير جدا و قوي يتغذى على الحيوانات الصغيرة مثل الاسماك, الفئران, الثعابين, و الدواجن. . يقارن الكتاب المقدس سرعة و قوة جيش و مع سرعة و مفاجاة النسر في انقضاضه على فريسته. . ينص اشعياء على ان الذين يثقون في الرب سوف يتجددون مثل ما يفعل النسر. و هي لغة تصويرية تستخدم لوصف الحرية و القوة التي تأتي من الثقة والطاعة لله. . في كتاب دانيال, قورن طول شعر الملك نبوخذناصر بريش النسر, الذي يمكن ان يصل الى طول 50 سنتيمتر.

نسل

اللفظ "نسل" هو اشارة عامة الى الاحفاد الجسديين لاناس ما او لحيوانات ما. . عادة في الكتاب المقدس, "نسل" له نفس معنى "ابناء" او "احفاد". . اللفظ "بذرة" يستخدم احيانا بطريقة مجازية للاشارة الى النسل.

نسل, منحدر من

ال "نسل" هو الشخص الذي تربطه رابطة الدم بشخص اخر سابق له في التاريخ. . على سبيل المثال, ابراهيم هو من نسل نوح. . نسل شخص ما هم اولاده, احفاده, و احفاد احفاده, وهكذا. نسل يعقوب هم عشائر بني اسرائيل الاثنى عشر. . العبارة "منحدر من" هي طريقة اخرى للقول "المنحدرين من" مثل , "ابراهيم كان منحدرا من نوح". هذا ممكن ان يترجم ب, "هو من خط اسرة ".

نعمان

في العهد القديم, نعمان هو قائد جيش لدى ملك آرام. . كان نعمان مصابا بمرض جلدي خطير يسمى البرص و هو مرض لا يمكن شفاءه. . اخبرته جارية يهودية تعمل خادمة لديه ان يذهب الى النبي أليشع لكي يشفى من مرضه. . طلب أليشع من نعمان ان يذهب و يغتسل في نهر الاردن سبع مرات. عندما اطاع نعمان , شفاه الله من مرضه. . و كنتيجة لذلك, آمن نعمان بالله الحي الحقيقي. . رجلين اخرين يحملان اسم نعمان و هما من ذرية بنيامين ابن يعقوب.

نعمة, رؤوف

الكلمة "نعمة" تشير الى مساعدة او بركة تعطى لشخص ما لا يستحقها. اللفظ "رؤوف" تصف الشخص الذي يظهر النعمة للاخرين. . نعمة الله اتجاه الانسان الخاطيء هو عطية مجانية. . مفهوم النعمة ايضا يشير ان يُرحم و يغفر لشخص ما فعل اشياء خاطئة و ضارة. . التعبير "يجد نعمة" هو تعبير يعني الحصول على المساعدة و الرحمة من عند الله. عادة تتضمن المعنى ان الله يسر بشخص ما و يساعده.

اقتراحات الترجمة

. طرق اخرى بها يمكن ترجمة اللفظ "نعمة" تتضمن, "عطف الهي" او "احسان الله" او "عطف الله و غفرانه للخطاة" او "الرحمة و العطف". . اللفظ "رؤوف" ممكن ان تترجم ب "مليء بالنعمة" او "عطف" او "رحيم" او "عطف و رحمة". . التعبير, "وجد نعمة في عيني الله" ممكن ان تترجم ب, "تحصل على رحمة من عند الله" او "ساعده الله بكل رحمة" او "اظهر الله له احسانه" او "سر الله به و ساعده".

نفتالي

نفتالي هو الابن السادس ليعقوب.كونت ذريته عشيرة نفتالي, و هي واحدة من عشائر بني اسرائيل الاثنى عشر. . في بعض الاحيان الاسم نفتالي يستخدم للاشارة الى الارض التي تعيش فيها هذه العشيرة. . ارض نفتالي تقع في الجزء الشمالي من اسرائيل, قرب عشيرتي دان و اشير. و هي ايضا الحدود الغربية لبحر جنيسارت. . ذكرت هذه العشيرة في كل من العهد القديم و العهد الجديد من الكتاب المقدس.

نفخ, نفخة

في الكتاب المقدس, اللفظين "نفخ" و "نفخة" عادة يستخدمان مجازيا للاشارة الى منح الحياة او وجود الحياة. . يعلم الكتاب المقدس ان الله "نفخ في " ادم نسمة حياة. انه في هذه اللحظة اصبح ادم نفسا حية. . عندما نفخ يسوع على التلاميذ و قال لهم "اقبلوا الروح" كان حرفيا ينفخ في الهواء بإتجاههم الشيء الذي يرمز الى حلول الروح القدس عليهم. . في بعض الاحيان التعبيرات " نفخ " و "نفخ في " يستخدمان للاشارة الى التكلم. . التعبير المجازي "نفخة الله" او "نفخة يهوه" كلاهما يشيران الى غضب الله المنسكب على الامم الوثنية و المتمردة. انه يعبر عن قوته. اقتراحات الترجمة . التعبير " تنفس نفسه الاخير" هي طريقة مجازية للقول "انه مات". ممكن ان تترجم كذلك ب, "اخذ اخر نفس له" او "توقف عن التنفس و مات " او "تنفس نفس لاخر مرة". . في وصف الكتابات المقدسة مثل "نفس الله" تعني ان الله تكلم او اوحى بكلمات الكتاب لكتّاب من البشر و تم تدوينها فيما بعد. من الافضل اذا كان ممكنا ان تترجم ب " انفاس الله" مع بعض الحرفية لانه من الصعب الوصول الى المعنى الدقيق لهذا. . اذا كانت الترجمة الحرفية "نفَس الله" غير مستحبة, هناك طرق اخرى لترجمة هذا تتضمن, "موحاة من الله" او "مؤلفة من طرف الله" او "تكلم بها الله". ممكن ان نقول ايضا "نفخ الله كلمات الكتاب المقدس". . التعبير "نفخ في" او "نفخ الحياة ل" او "اعطى نسمة ل" ممكن ان تترجم ب, "سبب للتنفس" او " جعله حي مرة اخرى" او "مكّنهم من الحياة و التنفس" او "اعطى الحياة ل". . اذا كان ممكنا, من الافضل ان تترجم "نفس الله" ترجمة حرفية بكلمات تستخدم ل "نفس" في اللغة. اذا كان غير لائق ان تقول الله "تنفس", ممكن ان تترجم ب, "قوة الله" او "كلام الله". . التعبير "التقطت انفاسي" او "احبس انفاسي" ممكن ان تترجم ب, "الاسترخاء لكي اتنفس ابطأ " او "التوقف عن الجري لكي اتنفس بشكل عادي". .التعبير "انه فقط نفس " تعني "يدوم لوقت قصير جدا". . و بالمثل التعبير "الانسان ما هو الا نفخة" تعني "الناس يعيشون زمن قصير جدا" او " حياة الكائنات البشرية هي قصيرة جدا, مثل نفخة واحدة" او "بالمقارنة مع الله, حياة الانسان تبدو قصيرة مثل الوقت الذي نستغرقه لنستنشق نفس واحد".

نفس

النفس هي الجزء الداخلي الغير مرئي, والخالد للانسان.و تشير الى الجزء الغير مادي للشخص. . الللفظين "نفس" و "روح" قد يكونان جوهران مختلفان, او قد يكونان لفظان يشيران الى نفس الجوهر. . عندما يموت الشخص, تغادر روحه جسده. . الكلمة "نفس" تستخدم في بعض الاحيان استخداما رمزيا للاشارة الى كل الشخص. على سبيل المثال, "النفس التي تخطيء" يعني, "الشخص الذي يخطيء" و "نفسي متعبة" يعني, "انا تعبان".

اقتراحات الترجمة . اللفظ "نفس" يمكن ان يترجم ب "الشخص الداخلي" او "الذات الداخلية" . في بعض السياقات, "نفسي" يمكن ان يترجم ب, "انا". . عادة العبارة "النفس" يمكن ان تترجم ب "الشخص" او "هو", على حسب السياق. . قد تملك بعض اللغات كلمة واحدة لترجمة كل من "النفس" و "الروح". . في عبرانيين 4: 12, العبارة الرمزية, "خارقة النفس و الروح" قد تعني, "تخترق عميقا او تكشف الانسان الداخلي".

نفع, نافع

بصفة عامة, اللفظين "نفع" و "نافع" يشيران الى الفوز بشيء جيد من خلال القيام ببعض الافعال او السلوكات. تشير الى شيء ذو فائدة تم الفوز به. يكون شيء ما "نافع" لشخص ما اذا كان يعود عليه بأشياء جيدة او اذا كان يقدم اشياء ذات فائدة تساعد الاخرين. . بأكثر خصوص, اللفظ "ربح" عادة ما يشير الى المال الذي يتم كسبه من التجارة. تكون التجارة "مربحة" اذا كان الكسب المالي فيها اكثر مما يتم انفاقه. . تكون الافعال نافعة اذا كانت تعود بالفائدة على الاخرين. . 2 تيموتاوس 3: 16 يقول ان كل الكتاب هو "نافع" للتعليم و التقويم لتدريب المؤمنين في الحق. هذا يعني ان تعليم الكتاب المقدس مساعد و مفيد للتعليم المؤمنين العيش حسب مشيئة الله.

اقتراحات الترجمة . على حسب السياق, اللفظ "نفع" يمكن ان يترجم ب "ربح" او "ساعد" او "فاز". . اللفظ "نافع" يمكن ان يترجم ب "مفيد" او "مربح" او "مساعد". . ان "ينتفع من" شيء يمكن ان يترجم ب "يستفيد من" او "يربح المال من" او "يتلقى المساعدة من". . في سياق التجارة, "نفع" يمكن ان يترجم بكلمة او عبارة يكون معناها, "المال الذي تم كسبه" او "الفائض من المال" او "الاموال الاضافية".

نميمة

اللفظ "نميمة" يشير الى التكلم الى اشخاص عن الامور الخاصة لشخص اخر, عادة بطريقة نقدية وسلبية. غالبا ان ما يقال لم يثبت انه صحيح. . يقول الكتاب المقدس بأن النميمة ونقل الاشياء السلبية عن الناس هو شيء خاطيء. النميمة والافتراء هما مثالان عن هذا النوع السلبي من الحديث. . الافتراء هو مؤذي للشخص الذي يتكلمون عنه لانه عادة ما يسيء الى علاقات الشخص مع الناس الاخرين.

نهر الفرات

الفرات هو اسم احد الانهار الاربعة التي تجري في جنة عدن. و هو النهر الاكثر ذكرا في الكتاب المقدس. . في وقتنا الحالي يوجد نهر يسمى الفرات و هو يقع في الشرق الاوسط و هو اكبر و اهم نهر في قارة اسيا. . كل من نهر دجلة, والفرات يحدان منطقة من الاراضي تسمى بلاد ما بين النهرين. . مدينة اور القديمة التي جاء منها ابراهيم كانت تقع عند مصب نهر الفرات. . هذا النهر كان واحد من حدود الارض التي وعد الله ان يعطيها لابراهيم ( تكوين 15: 18). . في بعض الاحيان الفرات يدعى فقط " النهر".

نهر الاردن, الاردن

نهر الاردن هو نهر يجري من الشمال الى الجنوب, و يشكل الجزء الشرقي حدود ما كان يسمى ارض كنعان. . اليوم, نهر الاردن يفصل اسرائيل في الغرب عن الاردن في الشرق. . يتدفق نهر الاردن عبر بحر الجليل و يفرغ في البحر الميت . عندما قاد يشوع الاسرائيليين الى كنعان, كان عليهم اجتياز نهر الاردن. و لانه كان عميقا جدا, اوقف الله مياه النهر عن التدفق بطريقة معجزية و بالتالي استطاعوا اجتيازه. . عادة في الكتاب المقدس يشار الى نهر الاردن ب "الاردن".

نهر النيل, نهر مصر

النيل هو نهر واسع و طويل يجري في الجزء الشمالي الشرقي من قارة افريقيا. و هو معروف اكثر بأنه النهر الاساسي لمصر. . يجري نهر النيل نحو الشمال عبر مصر و يصب في البحر الابيض المتوسط. . تنمو المحاصيل بشكل جيد في الارض الخصبة على ضفاف نهر النيل. . اغلبية المصريين يسكنون قرب نهر النيل لانه مصدر مهم للمياه و المحاصيل الزراعية. . سكن بنو اسرائيل في ارض جاسان و تعتبر ارض جد خصبة لانها تقع على طول نهر النيل. . عندما كان موسى رضيعا, وضعه والداه في سفط بين الحلفاء على حافة نهر النيل لاخفاءه من رجال فرعون.

نوح

نوح هو رجل عاش منذ 4000 سنة, في الفترة التي ارسل فيها الله طوفانا عظيما للقضاء على كل الناس الاشرار في العالم. امر الله نوحا ان يبني فلكا كبيرا ليسكن فيه هو و عائلته عندما تغطي مياه الطوفان الارض. . كان نوح رجلا صالحا اطاع الله في كل شيء. . عندما شرح الله لنوح كيفية بناء الفلك, بناه نوح بنفس المواصفات التي قال له الله عنها. . داخل الفلك, نوح و عائلته كانوا بأمان فيما بعد اولادهم و احفادهم ملؤوا الارض مرة اخرى. . كل الاشخاص الذين ولدوا بعد زمن الطوفان كانوا من ذرية نوح.

نور

هناك العديد من الاستخدامات المجازية للفظ "نور" في الكتاب المقدس. و يستخدم عادة كإستعارة للصلاح, القداسة, و الحق

. قال يسوع, "انا نور العالم" لكي يعبر عن انه يقدم رسالة الحق الالاهي لهذا العالم و يخلص الناس من الظلام و من خطاياهم. . مطلوب من المسيحيين ان "يسلكوا في النور", الذي يعني انه يجب عليهم العيش بالطريقة التي يريدها الله و ان يتجنبوا الشر. . قال الرسول يوحنا ان "الله نور", و ليس فيه ظلام البتة. . النور و الظلام هما متضادان تماما. الظلام هو الغياب الكلي للنور. .قال يسوع بأنه "نور العالم" و ان على المؤمنين به ان يضيؤوا في هذا العالم مثل النور, و ذلك بالعيش بطريقة تبين بوضوح عظمة الله. . "السلوك في النور" يبين العيش بطريقة ترضي الله, و عمل ما هو صالح و حق. السلوك في الظلام يبين العيش في تمرد ضد الله, و عمل اشياء شريرة.

اقتراحات الترجمة

. عند الترجمة, من المهم الحفاظ على حرفية اللفظ "نور" و "ظلام" حتى وان استخدمت بالمعنى المجازي. . قد يكون من الضروري شرح المقارنة في النص. مثلا, "اسلكوا كأبناء النور" ممكن ان تترجم ب, "عيشوا علنا حياة صالحة, مثل الشخص الذي يسير في ضوء الشمس الساطع". . تأكد من ان ترجمة "نور"لا تشير الى شيء يعطي ضوء, مثل المصباح. ترجمة هذا اللفظ يجب ان تشير الى الضوء نفسه.

نوع, انواع

اللفظين "نوع" و "انواع" يشير الى مجموعات او تصنيفات اشياء مرتبطة بخصائص مشتركة. . في الكتاب المقدس, هذا اللفظ يستخدم بصفة خاصة للاشارة الى الانواع مميزة من النباتات و الحيوانات التي خلقها الله عندما خلق العالم. . عادة هناك العديد من الانواع او التصنيفات المتنوعة ضمن كل "نوع". مثلا, الاحصنة, حمار الوحش, و الحمار كلهم افراد من نفس "النوع", و لكنهم اصناف مختلفة. . الشيء الرئيسي الذي يميز كل نوع كمجموعة منفصلة هو انه يمكن لاعضاء تلك المجموعة تشكيل نوع اخر داخل نفس النوع. اعضاء الانواع المختلفة لا يمكنها ان تشكل نوعا اخر مع الانواع الاخرى.

اقتراحات الترجمة

. طرق ترجمة هذا اللفظ ممكن ان تشمل, "صنف" او "قسم" او "مجموعة" او "حيوان".

نير

النير هو قطعة خشبية او معدنية تعلق على ظهر اثنين من الحيوانات او اكثر لربطها معا بهدف سحب المحراث او العربة. و هناك ايضا العديد من المعاني الرمزية لهذا اللفظ. . يستخدم اللفظ "نير" رمزيا ليشير الى شيء يقوم بضم الناس بهدف العمل مع بعض, مثلما هو الحال في خدمة يسوع. . استخدم بولس اللفظ "مرافق" للاشارة الى شخص يخدم الرب مثلما يفعل هو. قد يترجم هذا ب, "تابع خادم" او "زميل". . اللفظ "نير" عادة ما يستخدم رمزيا للاشارة الى الحمل الثقيل الذي يحمله شخص ما, مثل ما يحدث عندما يتعرض الشخص الى ضغط العبودية او الاضطهاد. . في أغلب السياقات, من الافضل ترجمة هذا اللفظ حرفيا, بإستعمال اللفظ المحلي للنير الذي يستخدم في اعمال الزراعة. . طرق اخرى لترجمة الاستعمال الرمزي لهذا اللفظ قد تكون, "عبء قمعي" او "حمل ثقيل, على حسب السياق. .

نينوى, نينوي

نينوى هي عاصمة الامبراطورية الاشورية. "النينوي" هو الشخص الذي يسكن في نينوى. . بعث الله النبي يونان لكي يحث اهل نينوى بالرجوع عن طرقهم الشريرة. تاب اهل نينوى و رجع الله عن تدميرهم. . في ما بعد توقف الاشوريون عن عبادة الله. و غزوا مملكة اسرائيل و اخذوا الشعب بعيدا الى نينوى.

هابيل

هابيل هو الابن الثاني لآدم وحواء . و اخ لقايين البكر . . هابيل كان راعي اغنام . . هابيل قدم بعضا من اغنامه كتقدمة لله . . الله كان مسرور بهابيل و بتقدماته . . قايين الابن البكر لآدم و حواء قتل هابيل .

هاجر

هاجر هي المرأة المصرية التي كانت جارية خاصة لسارة. . عندما كانت سارة غير قادرة على الانجاب , اخذت هاجر و اعطتها لابراهيم زوجها لينجب منها ابن. . حملت هاجر و انجبت ابنا لابراهيم, اسماعيل. . نظر الله الى مذلة هاجر عندما كانت في محنة في الصحراء و وعد أن يبارك نسلها.

هاران

هاران هو الاخ الاكبر لابراهيم و ابو لوط. . هاران هو ايضا اسم لمدينة سكن فيها ابراهيم و عائلته خلال ارتحالهم من مدينة اور الى ارض كنعان. . رجل اخر اسمه هاران هو ابن كالب. . رجل ثالث في الكتاب المقدس اسمه هاران هو حفيد لاوي.

هارون

هارون هوالاخ الاكبر لموسى . الله اختار هارون ليكون اول رئيس كهنة لشعب اسرائيل . . ساعد هارون موسى على التحدث الى فرعون ليطلق الاسرائليين للحرية . . بينما كان الاسرائيليون يجتازون في الصحراء , اخطأ هارون بأن صنع صنم للشعب ليعبدوه . . الله عين ايضا هارون و ذريته ليكون [ الكاهن ] كهنة لشعب اسرائيل .

هاوية

المصطلح " هاوية" يشير الى واسع جدا , حفرة عميقة او الهوة التي ليس لها قرار.

. في الكتاب المقدس , " الهاوية " هي مكان للعقاب. .على سبيل المثال , لما يسوع امر الارواح الشريرة ان تخرج من الرجل المجنون ,توسلت اليه الارواح ان لا يرسلها الى الهاوية . . اللفظ " هاوية " ممكن ان تترجم كذلك ب "الهاوية التي لا حدود لها " أو "الحفرة العميقة" . . هذا المصلح يجب ان يترجم بشكل مختلف عن "الجحيم", او "جهنم".

هلك, يهلك, هالك

اللفظ "هلك" يعني ان يموت او ان يتم تدميره. عادة ما يكون نتيجة العنف او كارثة اخرى. في الكتاب المقدس, له معنى خاص انه سوف يتم عقابه في الجحيم الى الابد. . الشعوب التي "تهلك" هي تلك التي ستذهب الى الحجيم لانها رفضت الايمان بيسوع من اجل خلاصها. . يوحنا 3: 16 يعلم بأن "هلك" يعني لا يعيش الابدية في السماء.

اقتراحات الترجمة . على حسب السياق, قد تشمل طرق ترجمة هذا اللفظ, "موت ابدي" او "سوف يعاقب في الجحيم" او "سوف يتم تدميره". . تأكد من ان ترجمة "هلك" يمكن ان تعني العيش الابدي في الجحيم و ليس فقط معنى "تسبب في وجوده".

هوشع

هوشع هو نبي من بني اسرائيل الذي عاش و تنبأ خلال الحقبة 750 سنة قبل مجيء المسيح. . دامت خدمته لعدة سنوات خلال فترة حكم العديد من الملوك, مثل يربعام, زكريا, يوثام, احاز, عزيا, و حزقيال. . دعيَ هوشع من قبل الله لكي يتزوج بإمرأة زانية اسمها جومر و ان يستمر في حبها, رغم انها لم تكن وفية له. . هذه صورة عن حب الله لشعبه الخائن, اسرائيل. . هوشع تنبأ ضد شعب اسرائيل بسبب خطيئتهم, محذرا اياهم بالرجوع عن عبادة الاوثان.

هوشع

هوشع هو اسم ملك من ملوك اسرائيل و كذلك اسم العديد من الرجال في العهد القديم. . هوشع ابن أيلة كان ملكا على اسرائيل لمدة تسع سنوات خلال فترة من حكم احاز و حزقيا, ملوك يهوذا. . يشوع ابن نون اسمه رسميا هوشع. غير موسى اسم هوشع الى يشوع قبل ان يرسله مع الاثنى عشر رجلا ليتجسسوا ارض الكنعانيين. . بعد موت موسى, قاد يشوع شعب اسرائيل ليمتلكوا ارض كنعان. . رجل اخر اسمه هوشع هو ابن عززيا و كان واحدا من قادة الافرايميين.

هيرودس الكبير

حكم هيرودس الكبير على يهوذا في الفترة التي ولد فيها يسوع. كان الحاكم الوحيد من بين العديد من الادوميين الذي اعطي لقب هيرودس و الذي حكم على اجزاء من الامبراطورية الرومانية. . اعتنق جده اليهودية و ترعرع كيهودي. . اطلق عليه اغسطس قيصر لقب "الملك هيرودس" رغم انه لم يكن بالفعل ملكا. حكم على يهود يهوذا لمدة 33 سنة. . عرف هيرودس الكبير بمنجزاته المعمارية التي امر ببناءها, بما في ذلك إعادة ترميم هيكل اليهود في اورشليم. . كان هيرودس هذا رجل دماء وقتل الكثير من الناس. و عندما سمع ان "ملك اليهود" قد ولد في بيت لحم, قتل كل الاولاد الذين ولدوا في تلك المدينة. . ابناءه, هيرودس انتيباس و هيرودس فيليبس, و حفيده هيرودس اغريباس الثاني ( الملقب ب "الملك اغريباس") حكموا على كل منطقة يهوذا.

هيرودس انتيباس

خلال معظم الفترة التي عاشها يسوع على الارض, كان هيرودس انتيباس حاكما على جزء من الامبراطورية الرومانية التي تشمل مقاطعة الجليل. . مثل ابوه هيرودس الكبير, انتيباس كان يشار اليه على انه "الملك هيرودس" حتى وان لم يكن حقيقة ملكا. . حكم هيرودس انتيباس ربع الامبراطورية الرومانية و سمي ايضا ب "هيرودس رئيس الربع". . انتيباس هو "هيرودس" الذي امر بقتل يوحنا المعمدان و ذلك بقطع رأسه. . هيرودس اخر في العهد الجديد هوابن انتيباس (اغريباس) و حفيده (اغريباس 2) الذي حكم خلال زمن الرسل.

هيروديا

هيروديا هي زوجة هيرودس انتيباس في يهوذا خلال زمن يوحنا المعمدان. . هيروديا كانت في الاصل زوجة فيليبس اخو هيرودس انتيباس, و لكن فيما بعد تزوجت بطريقة غير شرعية بهيرودس انتيباس. . وبخ يوحنا المعمدان هيرودس و هيروديا بسبب زواجهما الغير الشرعي. و لاجل هذا, وضع هيرودس يوحنا في السجن و قتله فيما بعد بأن قطع رأسه.

هيكل

الهيكل هو بناء محاط بفناءات لها اسوار حيث يأتي الاسرلئيليون للصلاة و تقديم الذبائح لله. و يقع على جبل المريا في مدينة اورشليم. . عادة اللفظ "هيكل" يشير الى كل مجمع الهيكل, بما في ذلك الفناءات المحيطة بالمبنى الرئيسي. و احيانا اخرى يشير فقط الى البناء في حد ذاته. . يحتوي بناء الهيكل على غرفتين, القدس و قدس الاقداس. . يشير الله الى الهيكل على انه مسكنه. . بنى الملك سليمان الهيكل خلال فترة ملكه, و الذي كان مكان العبادة الدائم في اورشليم. .في العهد الجديد, اللفظ "هيكل الروح القدس" يستخدم للاشارة الى المؤمنين بيسوع المسيح, لان الروح القدس يسكن فيهم.

اقتراحات الترجمة . غالبا لما يأتي في النص ان الناس كانوا "في الهيكل", فإنه غالبا يشير الى انهم في الفناءات الخارجية من المبنى. قد يترجم هذا ب "في ساحات الهيكل". او "في مجمع الهيكل". . عندما يشير بالتحديد الى الهيكل في حد ذاته, بعض الترجمات قد تترجم "هيكل" ب "مبنى الهيكل", لتوضيح ما يقصد به بالضبط. . طرق لترجمة "هيكل" قد تشمل, "مبنى الله المقدس" او "مكان العبادة المقدس". . عادة في الكتاب المقدس, يُشار الى الهيكل على انه "بيت الرب" او "بيت الله".

هَجَر, مهجور, هَجْر

اللفظ "هَجَر" يعني التخلي عن شخص ما او ترك شيء ما. الشخص "المهجور" هو الشخص المهمل من طرف شخص آخر. . عندما "هجر" الشعب الله, هذا يعني انهم اصبحوا غير امناء له بعدم طاعته. . عندما "يهجر" الله الشعب, هذا يعني انه توقف عن مساعدتهم و ابعدهم عنه ليختبروا الالم بهدف ان يجعلهم يرجعون اليه. . هذا اللفظ ممكن ان يعني ايضا هجْر الاشياء, مثل هجر, او عدم اتباع تعاليم الله. . اللفظ "مهجور" ممكن ان يستخدم في الماضي مثل في "انه هجرك" او يشير الى شخص ما "تم هجره".

اقتراحات الترجمة

. طرق اخرى لترجمة هذا اللفظ ممكن ان تشمل, "تخلى" او "أهمل" او "ترك" او "ابتعد عن" او "ترك خلف", على حسب السياق. . ان " يهْجُر" شريعة الله ممكن ان تترجم "عدم طاعة شريعة الله". هذا ممكن ان يترجم ب "تخلي" او "التخلي عن" او "التوقف عن طاعة" تعاليمه او شريعته. . العبارة "يكون مهجورا" ممكن ان تترجم ب "يكون متروكا" او "يكون مهملا". . في اللغة المستهدفة قد يكون اكثر وضوحا عند استعمال كلمات مختلفة لترجمة هذا اللفظ, على حسب ما يقول النص عن الهجر اذا كان يخص شخص او يخص شيء.

هِبة

اللفظ "هبة" يشير الى اي شيء يقدم او يهدى الى شخص ما. الهبة تقدم بدون توقع الحصول على اي شيء في المقابل. . المال, الطعام, الملابس, او اشياء اخرى تُقدم للفقراء تسمى "عطايا". . في الكتاب المقدس, الهدية او التقدمة التي تقدم لله تسمى عطية. . عطية الخلاص هو شيء يقدمه الله عن طريق الايمان بيسوع. . في العهد الجديد, اللفظ "عطايا" ايضا يستخدم للاشارة الى القدرات الروحية الخاصة التي يمنحها الله لكل المسيحيين لخدمة الناس الاخرين.

اقتراحات الترجمة . اللفظ العام ل "هبة" ممكن ان يترجم بكلمة او عبارة التي يكون معناها "الشيء الذي يعطى". . السياق الذي فيه يحصل شخص ما على هبة او على قدرة خاصة من عند الله, اللفظ "موهبة من الروح" ممكن ان يترجم ب, "قدرة روحية" او "قدرة خاصة من الروح القدس" او "مهارة روحية خاصة يعطيها الله".

وادي قدرون

وادي قدرون هو وادي عميق يقع خارج مدينة اورشليم. بين جدرانها الشرقية و جبل الزيتون. . الوادي بعمق 1000 متر و بطول 32 كيلومتر. . عندما هرب الملك داود من ابنه ابشالوم, اجتاز في وادي قدرون ليصل الى جبل الزيتون. . الملك يوشيا و الملك اسا ملوك يهوذا امروا بتحطيم و حرق كل مرتفعات و مذابح الالهة المزيفة, و يذرى رمادها في وادي قدرون. . خلال فترة حكم الملك حزقيال, كان وادي قدرون المكان الذي يرمي فيه الكهنة كل شيء نجس يخرجونه من الهيكل. . الملكة الشريرة عثليا قتلت في هذا الوادي بسبب الاشياء الشريرة التي قامت بها.

وباء

الوباء هو حدث يتسبب في معاناة او موت عدد كبير من الناس. الوبأ عادة هو مرض ينتشر بسرعة و يتسبب في موت الكثير من الناس قبل ان يتم وقفه. . العديد من الاوبئة تكون اسبابها طبيعية, و لكن بعضها يرسل من الله كعقاب للشعب من اجل الخطية. . في زمن موسى, ارسل الله عشر ضربات من الوبأ على مصر ليجبر فرعون على السماح لبني اسرائيل بمغادرة مصر. هذه الاوبئة تشمل تحول المياه الى دماء, امراض جسدية, إتلاف المحاصيل بالحشرات و البرد, ثلاثة ايام من الظلام الدامس, و موت جميع الابكار الذكور. . يمكن ايضا ترجمة هذا ب, "كوارث واسعة الانتشار" او "امراض واسعة الانتشار", على حسب السياق.

وثن, وثني

الوثن هو اداة يصنعها الناس لكي يعبدوها. يوصف شيء ما على انه "وثني" اذا انطوى على تقديم الاكرام لشيء اخر غير الله الحي الحقيقي. . يصنع الناس الاوثان لكي يمثلوا الاله المزيف الذي يعبدونه. . الالهة المزيفة غير موجودة, لا يوجد اله غير الرب. . في بعض الاحيان تعمل الشياطين من خلال الاوثان لكي يبدو وكأنها تمتلك قدرة, في حين لا تمتلكها. . تصنع الاوثان عادة من المعادن الثمينة مثل الذهب, الفضة, النحاس, وانواع من الخشب الثمين. . "المملكة الوثنية" يعني "مملكة الناس الذين يعبدون الاوثان" او "مملكة الناس الذين يعبدون الاشياء الارضية". . اللفظ "شخصية وثنية" هي كلمة اخرى ل "صورة منحوتة" او "وثن".

وثني

في عصور الكتاب المقدس, اللفظ "وثني" استخدم لوصف الشعوب التي تعبد الالهة المزيفة بدل الرب. . اي شيء مرتبط بهؤلاء الاشخاص, مثل المذابح التي يعبدونها, الطقوس الدينية التي يمارسونها, معتقداتهم, تدعى ايضا "وثنية". . نظام المعتقدات الدينية الوثنية يتضمن عادة عبادة الهة مزيفة و عبادة الطبيعة. . بعض الديانات الوثنية تشمل ممارسات جنسية غير اخلاقية او قتل البشر كجزء من العبادة.

وجه

الكلمة "وجه" تشير الى الجزء الامامي من الرأس. هذا المعنى له ايضا العديد من المعاني المجازية. . التعبير "وجهك" هو عادة طريقة تصويرية للقول "انت". نفس الشيء التعبير "وجهي" يعني عادة, "انا". . في المعنى المادي, "يواجه"شخصا ما او شيئا ما يعني النظر في اتجاه هذا الشخص او الشيء. . في "مواجهة بعضهم البعض" يعني "النظر مباشرة الى بعضهم البعض". . ان يكون "وجها لوجه" يعني ان شخصين ينظر احدهما الى الاخر. على مسافة قريبة. . عندما يسوع " وضع وجهه للذهاب الى اورشليم", هذا يعني انه قرر بثبات ان يذهب الى اورشليم. . "ادار وجهه ضد" شعب او مدينة يعني انه قرر بثبات: انه لم يعد يحتمل, او ان يرفض هذا الشخص او المدينة. . التعبير "وجهه الى الارض" يشير الى المساحة من الارض و عادة هي اشارة عامة الى كل الارض. على سبيل المثال, "المجاعة تغطي وجه الارض" تشير الى مجاعة واسعة الانتشار اجتاحت عدة شعوب يعيشون في الارض. . التعبير المجازي, "لا تحجب وجهك عن شعبك" يعني "لا ترفض شعبك" او "لا تهجر شعبك" او "لا تتوقف عن الاهتمام بشعبك".

اقتراحات الترجمة

. اذا امكن, من الافضل الاحتفاظ بالتعبير في اللغة المستهدفة الذي يكون له نفس المعنى. . اللفظ "في الوجه" ممكن ان يترجم ب "يتجه نحو" او "ينظر مباشرة الى" او "ينظر بوجه". . التعبير "وجها لوجه" ممكن ان يترجم ب "قريب من" او "مباشرة امام" او "في حضور" . على حسب السياق, التعبير "قبل وجهه" ممكن ان تترجم ب, "امامه" او "مقابله" او "قدامه" او "في حضوره". . التعبير "ادار وجهه نحو" ممكن ان يترجم ب "بدأ السفر نحو" او "عقد العزم على الذهاب الى". . التعبير, "ادار وجهه من" ممكن ان تترجم ب, "استدار بعيدا عن" او "توقف عن مساعدة او حماية" او "رفض". . ان "يضع وجهه ضد" مدينة او شعب ممكن ان تترجم ب, "ينظر بغضب و ادانة" او "يرفض ان يقبل" او "قرر ان يرفض" او "يدين و يرفض" او "تنفيذ الحكم على". . التعبير, "قلها لوجوههم" ممكن ان تترجم ب, "قلها لهم مباشرة" او "قلها لهم في حضورهم" او "قلها لهم شخصيا". . التعبير, "على وجه الارض" ممكن ان تترجم ب, "على مدى الارض" او "عبر كل الارض" او "الذين يعيشون في جميع انحاء الارض".

وحش

في الكتاب المقدس اللفظ "وحش" هو غالبا طريقة اخرى لقول"حيوان". . وحش بري هو نوع الحيوان الذي يعيش بحرية في الغابة او الحقول و لا يُروض من طرف الانسان. . الوحش الاليف هو الحيوان الذي يعيش مع الانسان ليجعل منها طعاما او لاداء العمل, مثل حرث الحقول. غالبا اللفظ "ماشية" يستعمل للاشارة الى مثل هذا النوع من الحيوان. . في العهد القديم و في سفر دانيال و في العهد الجديد في سفر الرؤيا يصف رؤى يرمز فيها الوحش الى قوة شيطانية و سلطات تعادي الله. . بعض من هذه الوحوش توصف على انها تملك ملامح غريبة, مثل العديد من الايادي و العديد من القرون. و هي غالبا ما تمتلك قوة وسلطة, تشير الي ذلك, قد تمثل دولا,امما, او قوى سياسية اخرى. . طرق ترجمة هذا اللفظ ممكن يتضمن, "مخلوق" او "شيء مخلوق" او "دابة" او " حيوان بري", على حسب السياق.

وديع, وداعة

اللفظ "وديع" تصف الشخص الذي يكون لطيفا, مطيعا, و على استعداد لمعاناة الظلم. الوداعة هي القدرة على البقاء لطيفا حتى عندما يعامل بقسوة رغم وجود القوة المناسبة. . الوداعة ترتبط دائما بالتواضع. . هذا اللفظ يمكن ان يترجم ايضا ب, "لطيف" او "مهذب" او "طيب المزاج". . اللفظ "وداعة" ممكن ان يترجم ب "لطف" او "تواضع".

وريث

ال "وريث" هو الشخص الذي يحصل على ممتلكات او مال بصفة قانونية تعود الى شخص قد مات. . في زمن الكتاب المقدس, الوريث الاساسي هو الابن البكر, الذي يحصل على معظم ممتلكات و مال ابيه. . يستخدم الكتاب المقدس ايضا "وريث" بالمعنى المجازي للاشارة المؤمنين بالمسيح الذين يحصلون على امتيازات روحية من عند الله بإعتباره ابوهم الروحي. . و كأبناء لله, يقال عن المسيحيين انهم "شركاء ورثة" مع المسيح يسوع. هذا ممكن ان يترجم ب, "ورثة شركاء" او "رفقاء ورثة" او "وارثون معا". . اللفظ "وريث" ممكن ان يترجم ب "الشخص الحاصل على فائدة" او ايا كان التعبير المستخدم في اللغة و الذي يتوافق مع معنى الشخص الذي يحصل على املاك او اشياء اخرى عندما يموت احد الوالدين او قريب اخر.

وسم

ان يتم وسم هو ان يتم تعيين شخص بطريقة رسمية لمهمة محددة او لحكم. و يعني ايضا اصدار حكم رسمي او مرسوم. . اللفظ "وسم" يشير عادة الى التعيين الرسمي لشخص ما ليكون كاهنا, وزيرا, او ربانا. . مثلا, وسم الله هارون و ابناءه ليكونوا كهنة. . قد يعني ايضا إنشاء او تأسيس شيء ما, مثل الاعياد الدينية او العهد. . على حسب السياق, "ان يسم" يمكن ان تترجم ب "يعين" او "يحدد" او "يطلب" او "يصدر حكما" او "يؤسس".

وسيط

الوسيط هو الشخص الذي يساعد شخصين او اكثر لتسوية النزاعات او الخلافات بين بعضهم البعض. يساعد و يصبح مصالحا لهما. . لان الناس خطاة, اصبحوا اعداءا لله يستحقون غضبه وعقابه. بسبب الخطية, تهدمت العلاقة بين الله و شعبه. . يسوع هو الوسيط بين الله الاب و شعبه, من اجل اعادة هذه العلاقة المحطمة من خلال موته الكفاري عن خطاياهم.

اقتراحات الترجمة . طرق ترجمة "وسيط" ممكن ان تشمل, "الذي يكون بين الاشخاص" او "مصالحٌ" او "الشخص الذي يسعى للسلام". . قارن هذا اللفظ بكيفية ترجمة اللفظ " كاهن". يكون من الافضل ان يترجم "وسيط" بشكل مختلف.

وشتي

في العهد القديم و في سفر استير, كانت وشتي زوجة احشيوروش, ملك فارس. . عزل الملك احشييوروش الملكة وشتي عندما رفضت ان تطيعه عندما طلب منها ان تأتي الى وليمته و تري جمالها الى ضيوفه الثملين. . و نتيجة لذلك, أطلق بحث عن ملكة جديدة و تم اختيار استير لتكون الزوجة الجديدة للملك.

وعد

الوعد هو التعهد بفعل شيء معين. عندما يعد شخص ما بشيء ما, هذا يعني سوف يقوم بشيء ما. . يسجل الكتاب المقدس العديد من الوعود التي قطعها الله لشعبه. . الوعود هي جزء مهم من اللمعاهدات الرسمية مثل العهود. . يرفق الوعد عادة بحلف ليأكد انه سوف يتم القيام به.

اقتراحات الترجمة اللفظ "وعد" يمكن ان يترجم ب, "إلتزام" او "تأكيد" او "ضمان". . ان "يعد بالقيام بشيء ما" يمكن ان يترجم ب, "التأكيد لشخص ما انك سوف تفعل شيئا ما" او "يلتزم بفعل شيء ما".

وعظ

الوعظ هو التكلم الى مجموعة من الناس, تعليمهم عن الله و حثهم على طاعته. . عادة الوعظ يكون من طرف شخص واحد لمجموعة كبيرة من الناس. و يكون غالبا منطوق, غير مكتوب. . الوعظ" و "التعليم" كلاهما متشابهان, و لكن ليسا بالضبط نفس الشيء. . "الوعظ" اساسا يشير الى التكلم علانية بحقائق روحية و اخلاقية, و حث المستمعين على التجاوب. "التعليم" هو لفظ فيه تأكيد على التعليمات, و يقدم للناس معلومات او تعليمهم كيفية عمل شيء ما. . اللفظ "وعظ" يستخدم عادة مع الكلمة "بشارة". . ما يعظ به الشخص الاخرين يمكن ان يشار إليه بصفة عامة على انه "تعليمه".

وليمة

اللفظ "وليمة" يشير الى حدث اين يأكل جماعة من الناس مع بعضهم وجبة كبيرة,غالبا هذا الغرض للاحتفال بشيء ما. الحدث "وليمة"" هو أكل كمية مبيرة من الطعام او المشاركة في اكل الوليمة مع بعض. . عادة هناك انواع خاصة من الطعام التي تؤكل في بعض المناسبات. . الاحتفالات الدينية التي امر الله اليهود لكي يحتفلوا بها عادة ما تتضمن وليمة مع بعضهم. لهذا السبب الاحتفالات دائما ما تدعى "ولائم". . في زمن الكتاب المقدس, الملوك و الاغنياء ذوي النفوذ عادة ما يُقيمون الولائم للترفيه عن عائلاتهم واصدقائهم. . في قصة الابن الضال, أعد الاب وليمة خاصة للاحتفال برجوع ابنه. . الوليمة تدوم احيانا عدة ايام او اكثر. . اللفظ "وليمة" ممكن ان يترجم ايضا ب "الاكل بسخاء" او "الاحتفال بأكل الكثير من الطعام" او "اكل وجبة كبيرة مميزة". . على حسب السياق, "وليمة" ممكن ان تترجم ب, "الاحتفال بوجبة كبيرة مع بعض" او "وجبة بها الكثير من الطعام" او "وجبة احتفال".

ويل

اللفظ "ويل" يشير الى الشعور بمحنة شديدة. و يعطي انطباعا ان شخصا ما سوف يختبر مشكلة شديدة . التعبير "ويل ل" متبوعا بتحذير للناس الذين سوف يختبرون الالم عقابا على خطاياهم. . كرر اللفظ "ويل" في العديد من الاماكن في الكتاب المقدس, للتأكيد على دينونة شديدة و خاصة. . الشخص الذي يقول, "ويل لي" او "يا ويلي" هو تعبير عن الحزن بخصوص ألم شديد.

اقتراحات الترجمة . على حسب السياق, اللفظ "ويل" قد تترجم ب "حزن شديد" او "اسى" او "مصيبة" او "كارثة".

وَعَظَ, وعْظٌ

اللفظ "وعظ" يعني تشجيع شخص ما بقوة و حثه على عمل الصواب. مثل التشجيع يسمى "وعظ". . الهدف من الوعظ هو اقناع اناس لتجنب الخطية واتباع ارادة الله. . يعلم العهد الجديد المؤمنين المسيحيين ان يعظ احدهم الاخر في المحبة, بدون قسوة.

اقتراحات الترجمة . على حسب السياق, "وعظ" ممكن ان تترجم ب "يحث بقوة" او "اقناع" او "نصح". . تأكد من ان ترجمة هذا اللفظ لا تتضمن ان يكون الوعظ بغضب. اللفظ يجب ان ينقل قوة وجدية, و لكن لا يجب ان يشير الى خطاب غاضب. . في معظم السياقات, اللفظ "وعظ" يجب ان يترجم مختلفا عن "شجع", الذي يعني "ألهم, طمأن, او ساند شخص ما. . عادة هذا اللفظ يترجم مختلفا عن "عاتب", الذي يعني ان يحذراو يصحح شخص ما على سلوكه الخاطيء.

يؤمن, يؤمن ب, ايمان

اللفظ "يؤمن" و " يؤمن ب" مرتبطان ارتباطا وثيقا, لكن لديهما اختلافا قليلا في المعنى:

اقتراحات الترجمة . ان "يؤمن" ممكن ان تترجم ب, "يعرف بانه صحيح" او " يعرف انه حق". . ان "يؤمن ب" ممكن ان تترجم ب, "يثق بصفة كاملة" او "يثق و يطيع" او "يعتمد بشكل كلي و يتبع".

يافا

في ازمنة الكتاب المقدس, كانت مدينة يافا ميناءا تجاريا مهما تقع على البحر الابيض المتوسط, جنوب سهول شارون. . الموقع القديم ليافا هو الموقع الحالي لمدينة يافا, التي هي الان جزء من مدينة تل ابيب. . في العهد القديم, يافا كانت هي المدينة التي ذهب اليها يونان في السفينة لكي يغادر الى ترشيش. . في العهد الجديد, امرأة مسيحية اسمها طبيثا من يافا ماتت واعادها بطرس الى الحياة.

يافث

يافث هو واحد من ابناء نوح الثلاثة. . خلال الطوفان العظيم الذي غطى كل الارض, كان يافت و اخويه مع نوح في الفلك, بالاضافة الى زوجاتهم. . ابناء نوح عادة ما يرتبون هكذا, "سام, حام, و يافث". و هذا يبين ان يافث كان الاخ الاصغر بينهم.

ياهو

ياهو هو اسم لرجلين من العهد القديم. . ياهو ابن حناني كان نبيا خلال فترة حكم الملك اخاب ملك اسرائيل و الملك يهوشافاط ملك يهوذا. . ياهو ابن ( او حفيد) يهوشافاط كانا قائدا في الجيش الاسرائيلي و الذي مسح ملكا بأمر من النبي أليشع. . قتل ياهو ملكين شريرين: ملك اسرائيل يورام و ملك يهوذا احزيا. . الملك ياهو قتل ايضا كل اقارب الملك السابق اخاب, و قتل ايضا الملكة الشريرة ايزابل. . هدم ياهو كل معابد في السامرة و قتل كل انبياء البعل. . الملك ياهو خدم الله الحي الحقيقي, الرب, و كان ملكا على اسرائيل لمدة ثماني و عشرين سنة.

ياهوياقيم

ياهوياقيم هو ملك شرير حكم مملكة يهوذا, في بداية 608 قبل الميلاد. هو ابن الملك يوشيا. اسمه الاصلي الياقيم. . الفرعون المصري نيشو غير اسم الياقيم الى ياهوياقيم و جعله ملكا على يهوذا. . اجبر نيشو ياهوياقيم لدفع ضرائب غالية لمصر. . عندما تم غزو يهوذا من طرف الملك نبوخذنصر, ياهوياقيم كان من بين المسبيين الذين سبيوا و اخذوا الى بابل. . ياهوياقيم كان ملكا شريرا قاد يهوذا بعيدا عن الرب. تنبأ رميا النبي ضده.

يبوسيين, يبوسي

اليبوسيين هم الشعب الذي سكن في بلاد كنعان. و هم المنحدرون من حام ابن كنعان. . يسكن اليبوسيون في مدينة يبوس, الذي تغير اسمها فيما بعد الى اورشليم عندما غزاها الملك داود. . ملكي صادق, ملك ساليم, من المحتمل ان يكون اصله من اليبوسيين.

يتشفع, تشفع

اللفظين "يتشفع" و "تشفع" يشيران الى تقديم طلبات لشخص ما بالنيابة عن شخص اخر. في الكتاب المقدس هذا يشير عادة الى الصلاة من اجل الاخرين. . التعبير "يتشفع من اجل" يعني ان يقدم طلبات الى الله لفائدة الاخرين. . يعلم الكتاب المقدس بأن الروح القدس يتشفع فينا, هذا لانه , يصلي الى الله من اجلنا. . الشخص الذي يتشفع من اجل الاخرين بتقديم الطلبات عنهم لشخص اخر او الى السلطات.

اقتراحات الترجمة

. طرق اخرى لترجمة "يتشفع" ممكن ان تشمل, "يتضرع من اجل" او "يدافع".

يتعجب, يستغرب, يندهش

كل هذه الالفاظ تشير الى ان يكون متفاجي بسبب حدوث شيء خارق للعادة. . بعض من هذه الكلمات في الترجمة اليونانية تعبر عن هذا المعنى "أُصيب بالدهشة" او "يقف خارج نفسه" هذا التعبير بعبر عن كمية الدهشة او الصدمة التي تصيب الشخص. في اللغات الاخرى ربما تكون هناك الفاظ تعبر عن هذا المعنى. . عادة الحدث الذي يسبب الدهشة و الاستغراب هو معجزة, شيء الله وحده يستطيع ان يفعله. . معنى هذه الكلمات ممكن ان يتضمن ايضا الشعور بالارتباك لان الذي حدث لم يكن متوقعا بتاتا. . طريقة اخرى لترجمة هذه الكلمات ممكن ان تكون, "مندهش جدا" او "مصدوما جدا". . الكلمات المرتبطة بها تشمل: "عجيب" ( رائع, رائعة حقا), "الذهول" و "الدهشة". . بصفة عامة, هذه الالفاظ ايجابية وتعبر عن فرح في وسط الشعب بسبب ما حدث.

يتَّهم , اتهام , مشتكي

اللفظ " يتهم" و " اتهام " يدل على توبيخ شخص لانه عمل شيء خاطيء . الشخص الذي يتهم الاخر هو " مشتكي" . . الاتهام الباطل هو عندما تكون التهمة ضد شخص ما غير صحيحة . كما هو الحال عندما اتهم قادة اليهود زورا يسوع بارتكابه خطأ . . في العهد الجديد و في سفر الرؤيا, يسمى الشيطان " المشتكي ".

يثرون, رعوئيل

الاسمين "يثرون" و "رعوئيل" كلاهما يشيران الى ابو زوجة موسى, صفورة. و هناك ايضا رجلين يحملان اسم "رعوئيل" في العهد القديم. . عندما كان موسى راعي اغنام في صحراء مديان, تزوج ابنة رجل مدياني اسمه رعوئيل. . فيما بعد تمت الاشارة الى رعوئيل ب "يثرون, كاهن مديان" و قد يكون "رعوئيل" هو اسم عشيرته. . عندما كلم الله موسى من خلال العليقة المشتعلة, كان موسى يرعى بأغنام يثرون. . بعد هذا بوقت قصير, حرر الله الاسرائيليين من مصر, جاء يثرون الى الاسرائيليين في البرية و قدم لموسى نصيحة جيدة بخصوص النظر في قضايا الشعب. . امن بالله عندما سمع بكل المعجزات التي عملها للاسرائيليين في مصر. . واحد من ابناء عيسو يدعى رعوئيل. . رجل اخر يدعى رعوئيل في سلسلة انساب الاسرائيليين العائدين من السبي البابلي لإعمار يهوذا.

يجرب, التجربة

اللفظ "يجرب" يعني يسبب الحزن او الالم لشخص ما. " التجربة" هي المرض, الشعور بالحزن, او اي فاجعة اخرى تكون نتيجة لذلك. . الله يجرب شعبه بالمرض او غيره من المصاعب من اجل التوبة عن معاصيهم و الرجوع اليه. . الله سبب التجارب او الضربات التي جاءت على شعب مصر بسبب ملكهم الذي رفض ان يطيع الله. . الذي "يجرب ب" تعني ان يعاني بعض انواع الشدة, مثل المرض, الاضطهاد, او الشعور بالحزن.

اقترحات الترجمة

. ان يجرب شخص ما ممكن ان تترجم الى " يسبب لشخص ما تجربة المشاكل" او " يسبب لشخص ما المعاناة" او " يسبب حدوث المعاناة". . في حالات اخرى "يجرب" ممكن ان تترجم ب "يحدث ل" او " يأتي الى" او "جلب المعاناة". . عبارة مثل " يجرب شخصا ما بالبرص" ممكن ان تترجم هكذا, "يسبب لشخص ما ان يكون مريضا بالبرص". . عندما تكون المعاناة او المرض موجه ل "تجربة" الشعب او الحيوانات, ممكن ان تترجم ب "يسبب الالم ل". . على حسب السياق, اذا كان المصطلح "تجربة" ممكن ان يترجم " مصيبة" او "مرض" او " معاناة" او "ضائقة كبيرة". .الجملة "يجرب ب" ممكن ايضا ان تترجم ب "يعاني من" او " مريض ب".

يحسد, يشتهي

اللفظ "يحسد" يشير الى كونه يغار من شخص ما بسبب ما يملك هذا الشخص او بسبب الصفات الحميدة التي فيه. اللفظ "يشتهي" يعني ان يحسد شخصا ما لدرجة الرغبة في امتلاك ما يملكه هذا الشخص. . الحسد هو احساس طبيعي سلبي بالاستياء بسبب نجاح, ثروة جيدة, ممتلكات, شخص اخر. . الاشتهاء هو الرغبة القوية في امتلاك ممتلكات شخص اخر او حتي شريكه.

يد, يد يمين, يمد يده الى

هناك العديد من الطرق المجازية التي استخدمت فيها لفظ "يد" في الكتاب المقدس. . شيء ما ل "يد " شخص ما يعني ان يضع شيئا ما في يد شخص ما. . اللفظ "يد" عادة ما يستخدم للاشارة الى قوة الله وعمله, مثلا عندما يقول الله, "ألم تصنع يداي كل هذا؟". . تعبير مثل "يمد يده الى" او " يسلمه الى يدي" تشير الى جعل شخص ما تحت سيطرة او قوة شخص اخر. . يضع يده على شخص ما عادة مع التكلم ببركة على هذا الشخص. . اللفظ "وضع يده على" يشير الى وضع اليد على الشخص بهدف تكريس هذا الشخص لخدمة الله او بهدف الصلاة من اجل الشفاء. . بعض الاستخدامات المجازية الاخرى ل "يد" تشمل: . ان "يمد يده الى" يعني ان "يؤذي". . ان "ينقذ من يد" يعني ان يمنع شخص من ايذاء شخص اخر. . التعبير "بيد" شخص ما يعني "ب" او "من خلال" الفعل الذي قام به هذا الشخص. على سبيل المثال, "بيد الرب" يعني هذا ان الرب هو فقط الذي يسمح بحدوث هذا الشيء. . عندما قال بولس "كُتبت بيدي", هذا يعني ان هذا الجزء من الرسالة كتب حقيقة من طرفه هو, فيما عدا هذا كان يملي على شخص اخر ليكتب ما يقوله.

اقتراحات الترجمة

هذه التعبيرات و صور اخرى موضوع الحديث ممكن ان تترجم باستعمال تعبيرات مجازية اخرى التي لها نفس المعنى. او يمكن ترجمة المعنى باستخدام اللغة الحرفية المباشرة.

يدعو, دعوة, دُعي, نادى

اللفظ "دعى" و "نادى" حرفيا يعني ان تقول شيء مسموع لشخص ما ليس بالقرب منك. و له العديد من المعاني المجازية. . ان "تنادي" شخص ما يعني ان تصرخ او تتكلم بصوت عالي لشخص بعيد. كذلك ممكن ان تحمل معنى طلب المساعدة من شخص ما, و بالخصوص من الله. . غابا في الكتاب المقدس, "يدعو" معناها "يستدعي" او "امر الحضور" او "طلب الحضور". . دعى الله الناس ان يأتوا اليه. هذه هي "دعوتهم". . اللفظ "دعى" يستخدم في الكتاب المقدس للدلالة على ان الله عين او اختار الناس الذين سيكونون ابناءه, ليكونوا خدامه, و منادون برسالته للخلاص من خلال يسوع. . هذا اللفظ يستخدم كذلك في سياق مناداة شخص ما باسمه. مثلا, "هو يدعى يوحنا" يعني, "انه سمي يوحنا" او " ان اسمه هو يوحنا". . ان تكون " مدعو بإسم كذا" يعني ان شخص ما اعطي اسم شخص اخر. الرب قال انه سيدعو شعبه بإسمه هو. . التعبير المختلف, "دعوتك بإسمك" تعني ان الله يعرف اسماء الاشخاص بصفة شخصية و قد اختارهم هم على وجه التحديد. اقتراحات الترجمة . اللفظ "يدعو" ممكن ان يترجم بكلمة يكون معناها "استدعى", التي تتضمن فكرة ان يكون مقصود ومحدد في الدعوة. . التعبير " يناديك" ممكن ان تترجم ب "يطلب منك المساعدة" او "يصلي لك بشكل عاجل". . عندما يقول الكتاب المقدس ان الله قد "دعانا" لنكون خدامه, هذا ممكن ان يترجم ب, " انه اختارنا بصفة خاصة" او "عيننا" لنكون خدامه. . "يجب ان تدعو بإسمه" ممكن كذلك ان تترجم ب, "يجب ان تسميه بالاسم". . "ان اسمه يدعى" ممكن ان تترجم ب, "ان اسمه هو" او "انه يسمى". . ان "يدعو" ممكن ان تترجم ب, "قل بصراخ" او "اصرخ" او "قل بصوت مسموع". تأكد من ان الترجمة لا تعطي معنى شخص غاضب. .التعبير "دعوتك" ممكن ان تترجم ب, "هدفك" او "هدف الله لك" او "عمل الله الخاص لك". . ان "تدعو بإسم الرب" ممكن ان تترجم ب "طلب الرب و الاتكال عليه" او "الثقة في الرب وطاعته". . ان "تدعو من اجل" شيء ما ممكن ان تترجم ب" طلب" او " الطلب من اجل" او "امر". . التعبير "انت مدعو بإسمي" ممكن ان تترجم ب, "اعطيتك إسمي, لتبين انك تنتمي لي". . عندما يقول الله, "دعوتك بالإسم", هذا ممكن ان يترجم ب, "انا اعرف اسمك وانا اخترتك".

يذوب, ذائب

اللفظ "ذائب" يشير الى الشيء الذي يصبح سائلا عندما يتم تسخينه.و يستخدم هذا اللفظ ايضا بطرق مجازية. الشيء الذي يتعرض للذوبان يوصف بأنه اصبح "ذائب". . انواع مختلفة من المعادن يتم تسخينها لاذابتها و يمكن وضعها في قوالب بهدف صنع اشياء مثل الاسلحة و التماثيل. التعبير "معدن مذاب" يشير الى معدن منصهر. . عندما تحترق الشمعة, يذوب الشمع و تقطر. في العصور القديمة, غالبا ما كانت الحروف مختومة بصب كمية صغيرة من الشمع الذائب على الحواف. . الاستخدام المجازي ل "ذائب" يعني ان يصبح لين و ضعيف مثل الشمع الذائب. . التعبير,"سوف تذوب قلوبهم" يعني انهم سيصبحون ضعفاء بسبب الخوف. . تعبير مجازي آخر, "سوف يذوبون" يعني انهم سوف يجبرون على الذهاب بعيدا او سيظهرون انهم ضعفاء و سيفنون بالإنكسار. . المعنى الحرفي ل "يذوب" ممكن ان تترجم ب "يصبح سائلا" او "تميع" او "جعله سائلا". . طرق لترجمة المعنى المجازي ل "ذاب" يمكن ان تشمل, "اصبح لينا" او "اصبح ضعيفا" او "انهزم".

يربعام

يربعام ابن نباط هو اول ملك حكم المملكة الشمالية اسرائيل ما بين 900 و 910 قبل الميلاد. يربعام اخر, ابن الملك يهوآش, حكم اسرائيل لمدة 120 سنة. . اعطي الرب ليربعام ابن نباط نبوءة انه سيصبح ملكا بعد سليمان و انه سوف يحكم على عشرة اسباط اسرائيل. . عندما مات سليمان, الاسباط العشرة الشمالية لاسرائيل تمردوا على رحبعام ابن سليمان و اقاموا يربعام ملكا عليهم, في حين ملك هو في حبرون على عشيرتي يهوذا و بنيامين. . اصبح يربعام ملكا شريرا قاد الشعب للابتعاد عن عبادة الرب في حين نصب لهم اوثان لعبادتها. كل ملوك اسرائيل الاخرين اتبعوا مثال يربعام واصبحوا اشرار مثله. . بعد مدة 120 سنة, ملك اخر اسمه يربعام بدأ الحكم على المملكة الشمالية لاسرائيل. و يربعام هذا هو ابن الملك يهوآش و عمل الشر مثل ما فعل ملوك اسرائيل السابقين. . على الرغم من هذا, كانت رحمة الله لاسرائيل و ساعد هذا الملك يربعام على كسب اراضي و رسم حدود للمنطقة.

يرث, ميراث, إرث, وريث

اللفظين "يرث" و "ميراث" يشيران الى الحصول على شيء ذو قيمة من الاباء او شخص اخر بسبب علاقة خاصة بهذا الشخص. "الوريث" هو الشخص الذي يحصل على الميراث. . الميراث المادي يمكن ان يكون الحصول على مال, ارض, او اي نوع اخر من الممتلكات. . الميراث الروحي هو اي شيء يعطيه الله للناس الذين امنوا بيسوع, يشمل البركات في الحياة الحاضرة و ايضا في الحياة الابدية معه. . يسمي الكتاب المقدس شعب الله بأنهم ميراثه, الذي يعني انه من خلاله, تكون لهم استحقاقات قيمة. . وعد الله ابراهيم و ذريته بأنهم سيرثون ارض كنعان, و التي سيمتلكونها الى الابد. . يوجد ايضا معاني مجازية او روحية ان اي شعب ينتمي الى الله مدعوون الى ان "يرثوا الارض". هذا يعني انهم سيزدهرون و يكونون مباركين من طرف الله بكلتا الطريقتين المادية و الروحية. . في العهد الجديد, وعد الله هؤلاء الذين امنوا بيسوع انهم سوف "يرثون الخلاص" و "يرثون الحياة الابدية". و يُعبر عنها ايضا ب, "يرثون ملكوت الله". و هذا الميراث الروحي يدوم الى الابد. . و هناك معاني مجازية اخرى لهذه الالفاظ: . يقول الكتاب المقدس ان الناس الحكماء سوف "يرثون المجد" و الصالحون سوف "يرثون اشياء صالحة". . ان "يرثوا المواعيد" يعني الحصول على الاشياء الصالحة التي وعد الله ان يعطيها لشعبه. . هذا اللفظ يستخدم ايضا بالمعنى السلبي للاشارة الى الجاهلين و الغير الطائعين الذين "يرثون الريح" او "يرثون حماقة". هذا يعني انهم سيحصلون على نتائج اعمالهم الخاطئة, بما في ذلك العقاب و الحياة العديمة القيمة.

اقتراحات الترجمة

. كما هو الحال دائما, النظر اولا ما اذا كان هناك بالفعل ألفاظ في اللغة المستهدفة لهذا المفهوم ورث او ميراث و استخدام هذه الالفاظ. . على حسب السياق, طرق اخرى لترجمة "يرث" ممكن ان تشمل, "الحصول" او " امتلاك" او "جاء لامتلاك". . طرق لترجمة "ميراث" ممكن ان تشمل, "العطايا الموعودة" او "حيازة امنة". . عندما يشار الى شعب الله على انهم ورثته هذا ممكن ان يترجم ب, "القيمة التي لهؤلاء المنتمين إليه". . اللفظ "يرث" ممكن ان يترجم بكلمة او بعبارة يكون معناها, " الابن الذي له امتيازات الحصول على ممتلكات أبيه" او "الشخص المختار ليمتلك".

يرد, استرداد

اللفظان "يرد" و "استرداد" يشيران الى جعل شئ ما يعود الى حالته الاصلية وفي وضع افضل. . عندما يسترد جزء من جسد مريض عافيته, هذا يعني انه "شفي". . نقول عن علاقة محطمة انه تم استردادها, اي انها "اُصلحت". يسترد الله الخطاة و يعيدهم إليه. . يسترد الناس الى بلدانهم الاصلية هذا يعني انهم "يعودون" او "يرجعون" الى هذه البلدان.

اقتراحات الترجمة . على حسب السياق, طرق ترجمة "يرد" قد تشمل: "جدد" او "ردّ" او "ارجع" او "شفى" او"أعاد". . تعبير لهذا اللفظ قد يكون "يجعله جديدا" او "يجعله و كأنه جديد مرة اخرى". . عندما تسترد "الممتلكات", هذا يعني تم "اصلاحها" او "استبدالها" او "تستعاد" الى صاحبها. . على حسب السياق, "استرداد", يمكن ان تترجم ب, "تجديد" او "شفاء" او "مصالحة".

يرفض

ان "يرفض" شخص او شيء ما يعني ان يرفض قبول هذا الشخص او الشيء. . اللفظ "يرفض" قد يعني ايضا "يرفض الايمان ب" شيء ما. . ان يرفض الله يعني ان يرفض طاعته. . عندما رفض بنو اسرائيل قيادة موسى, هذا يعني انهم تمردوا ضد سلطته. و لم يرغبوا في طاعته. . اظهر الاسرائيليون رفضهم لله بعبادتهم للاوثان. . اللفظ "طرح جانبا" هو المعنى الحرفي لهذه الكلمة. قد يكون لبعض اللغات الاخرى تعبير مشابه يحمل معنى الرفض او عدم القبول بتصديق شخص او شيء ما.

اقتراحات الترجمة . على حسب السياق, اللفظ "رفض" يمكن ايضا ان يترجم ب, "لا يقبل" او "يتوقف عن مساعدة" او "يتوقف عن طاعة". . في التعبير, "الحجر الذي رفضه البناؤون", اللفظ "رفضه" يمكن ان يترجم ب, "رفضوا استخدامه" او "لم يقبلوه" او "طرحوه جانبا" او "تخلص منه كشيء عديم القيمة". . في سياق رفض الناس لوصايا الله, هذا يمكن ان يترجم ب, "رفضوا طاعة" وصاياه او "اختاروا بعناد ان لا يقبلوا" شرائع الله.

يزرعيل

يزرعيل هو اسم مدينة اسرائيلية مهمة في ارض عشيرة يساكر, تقع في الجنوب الغربي من بحر الملح. . مدينة يزرعيل و هي واحدة من النقط الغربية من سهل مجدو, التي تدعى ايضا ب "واد يزرعيل". . العديد من ملوك اسرائيل كان عندهم قصور في مدينة يزرعيل. . كرم نابوت كان يقع بالقرب من قصر اخاب في يزرعيل. و تنبأ النبي أليشع ضد اخاب هناك. . زوجة اخاب ايزابل الشريرة قتلت في يزرعيل. . الكثير من الاحداث المهمة حدثت في هذه المدينة, بما فيها العديد من المعارك.

يساكر

يساكر هو الابن الخامس ليعقوب, اسم امه ليئة. . عشيرة يساكر كانت واحدة من العشائر الاثني عشر. . ارض يساكر محدودة بارض نفتالي, زبولون, منسى, و جاد. . و تقع بالضبط حنوب بحر الجليل.

يسكنه شيطان

الشخص الذي يسكنه شيطان هو الذي يسيطر شيطان او روح شرير على كل ما يفعله و يفكر به. . عادة المسكون بشيطان هو شخص يجرح نفسه او الاشخاص الاخرين لأن الشيطان يتسبب له في فعل هذا. . شفى يسوع اشخاص مسكونين بالشياطين و ذلك بإعطاء أمر للشياطين لتخرج منهم. و هذا عادة ما يسمى ب "طرد الشياطين".

اقتراحات الترجمة

. طرق اخرى لترجمة هذا اللفظ تتضمن, "يسيطر عليهم الشيطان" او "يسيطر عليه روح شرير" او "عنده روح شرير يسكن داخله".

يسوع, يسوع المسيح, المسيح يسوع

يسوع هو ابن الله. الاسم "يسوع" يعني, "الرب يخلص". اللفظ "مسيح" هو لقب معناه "الممسوح" و هو لفظ اخر للمسيا. . الاسمين عادة ما يركبان معا "يسوع المسيح" او "المسيح يسوع". هذان الاسمان يؤكدان على ان ابن الله هو المسيا الذي جاء ليخلص البشرية من العقاب الابدي بسبب خطاياها. . بطريقة معجزية, جعل الروح القدس ابن الله الابدي يولد كانسان. ابواه الارضيان دعيا من طرف ملاك لكي يسمونه "يسوع" لانه سيخلص شعبه من خطاياهم. . فعل يسوع العديد من المعجزات التي اظهرت انه هو الله و انه هو المسيح او المسيا.

اقتراحات الترجمة

. العديد من اللغات تنطق "يسوع" و "المسيح" بطريقة تحافظ على الصوت او التهجئة اقرب ما يكون الى الاصل. مثلا, "jesucristo" "jezus christus," "yesus kristus", "hesukristo" و هي طرق ترجمة هذا الاسم في لغات مختلفة. . بالنسبة للفظ, "مسيح", قد تفضل بعض اللغات دائما استخدام لفظ على شكل "مسيا". . ايضا الاخذ بعين الاعتبار طريقة تهجئة هذه الاسماء في اللغة الوطنية الاقرب.

يسى

يسى هو ابو الملك داود, و حفيد راعوث و بوعز. . كان يسى من عشيرة يهوذا. . و كان "افراتيا", الذي يعني انه كان من مدينة افراتة (بيت لحم). . تنبأ النبي اشعياء عن "برعم" او "غصن" الذي سوف يأتي من "جذع يسى" و يعطي ثمرا. و هذا يشير الى يسوع الذي ينحدر من نسل يسى.

يشجع, تشجيع

اللفظين "يشجع" و "تشجيع" يشير الى قول و فعل اشياء تسبب لشخص ما, الدعم, الرجاء, الثقة, و الشجاعة. . اللفظ المشابه هو "وعظ", الذي يعني ان يحث شخص ما ليرفض اعمال خاطئة و يعمل عوضا عنها اشياء جيدة و صالحة. . الرسول بولس و كتّاب اخرون عبر العهد الجديد علموا المسيحيين ان يشجعوا بعضهم البعض في المحبة وخدمة احدهم الاخر.

اقتراحات الترجمة

. على حسب السياق, طرق ترجمة "يشجع" ممكن ان تشمل, "وعظ" او "ساند" او "قول اشياء طيبة" او "ساعد و ساند". . العبارة, "اعطاء كلمات تشجيع" يعني, "قول اشياء تجعل الاخرين يحسون بانهم محبوبين, و مقبولين, و معظودين".

يشوع

هناك العديد من الرجال يحملون اسم يشوع في الكتاب المقدس. الاكثر شهرة هو يشوع ابن نون الذي كان مساعد موسى و اصبح فيما بعد قائدا مهما لشعب الله. . يشوع كان واحدا من الجواسيس الاثني عشر الذين ارسلهم موسى لاستكشاف ارض الموعد. . بالاضافة الى كالب, حث يشوع شعب اسرائيل على طاعة اوامر الله و الدخول الى ارض الموعد و الانتصار على الكنعانيين. . عدة سنوات فيما بعد, و بعد موت موسى عين الله يشوع لقيادة شعب اسرائيل الى ارض الموعد. . في اول و اشهر معركة ضد الكنعانيين, قاد يشوع بني اسرائيل للانتصار على مدينة اريحا. . سفر العهد القديم يشوع يخبرنا كيف قاد يشوع بني اسرائيل الى امتلاك ارض الموعد و كيف قسم مختلف اجزاء الارض على كل من عشائر اسرائيل للسكن فيها. . يشوع ابن يهوصادق ذكر في سفري حجي و زكريا, و كان رئيس الكهنة الذي ساعد في بناء اسوار اورشليم. . و هناك العديد من الرجال الاخرين يحملون اسم يشوع ذكروا في سلاسل النسب و في اماكن اخرى في الكتاب المقدس.

يعقوب, اسرائيل

يعقوب هو الابن الاصغر التوأم لاسحاق و رفقة. . اسم يعقوب يعني "يمسك عقب" و الذي تفسيره, "يخدع". عندما ولد يعقوب, كان ممسكا بعقب اخيه التوأم عيسو. . بعد عدة سنوات, غير الله اسم يعقوب الى "اسرائيل", الذي معناه, "يتصارع مع الله". . كان يعقوب ذكيا و مخادعا. وجد طرق لأخذ بركة البكورية و حق الميراث من اخيه الاكبر, عيسو. . غضب عيسو وقرر قتل اخيه, لكن يعقوب ترك موطنه الاصلي. و بعد سنوات عديدة رجع مع زوجتيه وابنائه الى ارض كنعان اين يسكن اخوه عيسو, و سكنت عائلتهما متجاورتين في سلام. . يعقوب و ابنائه الاثني عشر, احفادهم اصبحوا العشائر الاثني عشر لاسرائيل. . العديد من الرجال اسمهم يعقوب في سلسلة نسب آباء يوسف في الانجيل بحسب متى.

يعقوب ( ابن زبدي)

يعقوب, ابن زبدي هو واحد من رسل يسوع الاثنى عشرو له اخ اصغر منه اسمه يوحنا الذي كان ايضا واحدا من رسل يسوع. . يعقوب و اخوه يوحنا عملا بصيد السمك مع ابيهما زبدي. . يعقوب و يوحنا لقبا ب "ابني الرعد", ربما لانهما سريعي الغضب. . بطرس, يعقوب, و يوحنا هم التلاميذ المقربين ليسوع وكانوا معه وقت وقوع احداث عجائبية كتجلي يسوع مع ايليا و موسى على الجبل و عندما اقام يسوع طفلة صغيرة من الموت. . و هناك يعقوب اخر ذلك الذي كتب رسالة يعقوب في الكتاب المقدس. في بعض اللغات قد يكتب اسمه مختلفا لكي يسهل التمييز بين هذين الرجلين المختلفين.

يعقوب (ابن حلفي)

يعقوب, ابن حلفي, كان واحدا من رسل يسوع الاثنى عشر. . ورد اسمه في قائمة تلاميذ يسوع في بشارة متى, مرقس, و لوقا. . و ذكر ايضا في سفر اعمال الرسل كواحد من الاثني عشر الذين كانوا يصلون مع بعض في اورشليم بعد صعود يسوع الى السماء.

يعقوب (اخو يسوع)

يعقوب هو ابن مريم و يوسف. لقد كان واحدا من الاخوة الاصغر و الغير اشقاء ليسوع. . بقية الاخوة الغير اشقاء ليسوع هم يوسف, يهوذا, و سمعان. . خلال فترة حياة يسوع, يعقوب و اخوته لم يؤمنوا بأن يسوع هو المسيح. . فيما بعد, و بعد قيامة يسوع من بين الاموات, آمن به يعقوب واصبح قائدا للكنيسة التي في اورشليم. . سفر العهد الجديد يعقوب هو رسالة كتبها يعقوب الى المسيحيين المشتتين في بلدان اخرى هروبا من الاضطهاد.

يغار, غيرة

اللفظين "يغار" و "غيرة" تشير الى الرغبة الشديدة في حماية نقاء العلاقة. و قد يشيران ايضا الى الرغبة القوية في امتلاك شيء ما او شخص ما. . تستخدم هذه الالفاظ عادة لتصف شعور الغضب لدي شخص اتجاه شريكه الغير وفي في علاقة الزواج. . عندما تستخدم في الكتاب المقدس, هذه الالفاظ عادة تشير الى رغبة الله الشديدة لبقاء شعبه طاهرا و غير ملوث بالخطية. . الله ايضا "يغار" من اجل اسمه,الذي يجب ان يعامل بكرامة و توقير. . معنى اخر ل "يغار" تتضمن ان يكون غاضبا لان شخص اخر ناجحا او اكثر شعبية. انه قريب من معنى الكلمة "حسد".

اقتراحات الترجمة

. طرق لترجمة "يغار" ممكن ان تشمل, "رغبة شديدة في الحماية" او "رغبة حماية". . اللفظ "غيرة" ممكن ان يترجم ب, "شعور قوي لحماية" او "شعور حماية". . عندما نتكلم على الله, تأكد من ان ترجمة هذه الالفاظ لا تعطي معني سلبي في ان يكون مستاءا من شخص اخر. . في سياق مشاعر الغضب الخاطئة للاشخاص تجاه اشخاص اخرين اكثر نجاحا, يمكن استخدام الالفاظ "حاسد" و "حسد". لكن لا يجب استخدام هذه الالفاظ للاشارة الى الله.

يفتاح

يفتاح كان محاربا من جلعاد و كان قاضيا على اسرائيل. . في عبرانيين 11: 32 مُدح يفتاح كقائد مهم حرر الشعب من اعداءهم. . حرر الاسرائيليين من العمونيين و قاد شعبه لهزيمة الافرايميين. . و مع ذلك فعل يفتاح حماقة, نذر نذرا للرب الذي كان نتيجته تقديم ابنته كذبيحة.

يقضي, قضاء

الللفظين "يقضي" و "قضاء" عادة يشير الى اخذ قرار بخصوص ما اذا كان شيء ما صحيح اخلاقيا او خاطيء. . "قضاء الله" عادة يشير الى اخذه لقرار ادانة شيء ما او شخص ما لانه خاطيء. . قضاء الله يشمل عقاب الناس على خطاياهم. . اللفظ "يقضي" قد يعني ايضا "يدين". امر الله شعبه بأن لا يدينوا احدهم الاخر بهذه الطريقة. . معنى اخر هو "يحكم بين" او "يقضي بين", هو اخذ قرار حول اي شخص منهم لديه حق بخصوص نزاع بينهم. . في بعض السياقات, "احكام" الله هي ما قرره الله ان يكون صحيحا و حق. و هي شبيهة بالاوامر, او التعاليم. . "قضاء" قد يشير الى القدرة على اخذ قرارا حكيم. الشخص الذي يفتقر الى "حكم" ليس لدية الحكمة لاخذ قرارات حكيمة.

اقتراحات الترجمة

. على حسب السياق, طرق ترجمة "يقضي" قد تشمل, "ان يقرر" او "يدين" او "يعاقب" او "اصدر حكما". . اللفظ "قضاء" ممكن ان يترجم ب "في يوم الدينونة" او "خلال الفترة التي يدين فيها الله الناس".

يلتهم

اللفظ "يلتهم" يعني ان يأكل بطريقة عدوانية. . تستخدم هذه الكلمة في المعني المجازي, حذّر بولس المؤمنين ان لا يلتهم احدهم الاخر,بمعنى ان لا يهاجم و ان لا يهلك اي احد بالكلمات او الافعال (غلاطية 5: 15). . ايضا بالمعنى المجازي, اللفظ "يلتهم" يستخدم عادة بالمعنى "يهلك كليا" عندما نتكلم على إلتهام الامم لبعضها البعض او عن النار عندما تلتهم البنايات و الناس. . هذا اللفظ ممكن ايضا ان يترجم ب "إستهلك كليا" او "دمّر بشكل تام".

يمنطق

اللفظ " يمنطق " يعني ان يربط شيء ما حول شيء اخر.و هو عادة يشير الى استخدام حزام او وشاح حول الخصر لتثبيت الرداء او اللباس في مكانه. . التعبير الكتابي المشترك, "يمنطق حقويه" يشير الى دس الجزء السفلي من اللباس في الحزام للسماح للشخص بالانتقال بحرية اكثر, عادة لاداء العمل. . التعبير يعني ان يكون مستعدا للعمل او ان يكون جاهزا ليقوم بشيء صعب. . التعبير, "يرفع حقويه" ممكن ان يترجم بإستخدام تعبير من اللغة المستهدفة الذي يحمل نفس المعنى. او ممكن ان يترجم غير مجازي ب, "جهز نفسك للعمل" او "اجعل نفسك مستعدا". . اللفظ "متمنطق ب "ممكن ان يترجم ب "محاط ب" او "محزم ب" او "مربوط ب".

يمين

التعبير المجازي "يمين"يشير الى مكان الشرف او القوة على الجهة اليمنى للحاكم او اي شخصية اخرى مهمة. . تستخدم يمين كذلك كرمز للقوة, السلطة, الشدة. . يصف الكتاب المقدس يسوع بأنه جالس "عن يمين الله الآب كيمين الجسد الذي هو المؤمنين (الكنيسة) و في مكان السلطة كملك على كل الخليقة. . يمين الاشخاص يستخدم لاظهار الشرف الخاص عندما يوضع على رأس شخص ما فإنه يكون مباركا ( مثلما فعل الاب يعقوب عندما بارك افرايم ابن يوسف). . ان "يكون على يمين" شخص ما يعني ان عمله يعتبر مساعدة خاصة و مهمة لهذا الشخص.

اقتراحات الترجمة . احيانا اللفظ "يمين" لغويا يشير الى الشخص الذي على اليمين, مثلما ما فعل الجنود الرومان عندما جعلوا قصبة في يمين يسوع لكي يسخروا منه. يجب ان يترجم هذا بإستخدام اللفظ في اللغة المستهدفة الذي يستخدم للاشارة الى هذه اليد. . بالنظر الى الاستخدامات المجازية, اذا كان التعبير يشمل اللفظ "يمين" وليس له نفس المعنى في اللغة المستهدفة, ثم النظر ما اذا كان له تعبير مختلف لكن يحمل نفس المعنى. . التعبير "على يمين" يمكن ان تترجم ب "على الجهة اليمنى ل" او "في مكان الشرف قرب" او "في وضيعية القوة" او "جاهز للمساعدة". . طرق لترجمة "بيمينه" يمكن ان تشمل, "بسلطة" او "مستخدما القوة" او "بقدرته العجيبة". . التعبير المجازي "يمينه و قوة ذراعه" يستخدم طريقتين لتأكيد قوة الله و عظمة شدته. احد الطرق لترجمة هذا التعبير يمكن ان تكون, "قوته العجيبة و شدة قدرته".

ينام, نائم, يغفو

لهذه الالفاظ معاني رمزية مرتبطة بالموت. . ان "ينام" او "يكون نائما" قد تكون استعارة يقصد بها "مات". (See: Metaphor . التعبير "يغفو" يشير الى الوقت الذي يبدأ فيه الشخص بالنوم, او بمعناه الرمزي, الوقت الذي يكون فيه الشخص قد مات. . ان "ينام مع الآباء" يعني ان يموت, كواحد من الآباء.

اقتراحات الترجمة . في بعض السياقات, اللفظ "ينام" او "يكون نائما" يمكن ان تترجم ب "يكون ميتا". . ان "يغفو" يمكن ان تترجم ب "ان ينام فجأة" او "ان يبدأ في النوم" او "يموت", على حسب معنى كل منها. . ملاحظة: انه مهم بشكل خاص الاخذ بالمعنى الرمزي للتعبير في السياقات التي لا يفهم فيها المتلقي المعنى. على سبيل المثال, عندما قال يسوع لتلاميذه ان لعازر "قد نام" لقد فهموا المعني الذي يقصد منه ان لعازر هو فقط نام نوما طبيعيا. في هذا السياق, لا يقدم معنى يتم ترجمته على انه "مات". . قد يكون لبعض اللغات تعبير مختلف للموت الذي يجب ان يستخدم اذا كانت العبارة "ينام" او "نائم" لا تقدم اي مفهوم في اللغة المستهدفة.

ينبوع, نبع

اللفظين "ينبوع" و "نبع" عادة ما يشيران الى كمية كبيرة من الماء التي تنسكب طبيعيا على الارض. . هذين اللفظين يستخدمان مجازيا ايضا في الكتاب المقدس للاشارة الى انسكاب البركات من عند الله او للاشارة الى تطهير او تقديس شيء ما. . في الزمن الحالي, النافورة هي شيء من صنع الانسان ينسكب منها الماء, مثل نافورة الشرب. تأكد من ان ترجمة هذا اللفظ تشير الى المنبع الطبيعي لتدفق المياه. . قارن ترجمة هذا اللفظ بترجمة اللفظ "طوفان".

يهودي, يهودي, يهود

اليهود هم الشعب المنحدر من الابن الاكبر لابراهيم, يعقوب. الكلمة "يهودي" تأتي من كلمة "يهوذا". . بدأ الناس يدعون الاسرائيليين بال "يهود" بعد رجوعهم الى يهوذا من السبي البابلي. . يسوع المسيح كان يهوديا. و مع ذلك رفض قادة اليهود الدينيين يسوع و طلبوا ان يقتل. . عادة العبارة "يهود" تشير الى قادة اليهود, و ليس الى كل الشعب اليهودي.في هذه السياقات, تضيف بعض الترجمات "قادة" للتوضيح.

يهودية, ديانة اليهود

اللفظ "يهودية" يشير الى الديانة التي يمارسها اليهود. و يشار اليها ايضا ب "الديانة اليهودية". . في العهد القديم, يستخدم اللفظ "الديانة اليهودية", في حين يستخدم اللفظ "يهودية" في العهد الجديد. . تشمل اليهودية على شرائع العهد القديم و الممارسات التي اعطاها الله الى بني اسرائيل لكي يعملوا بها. و تشمل ايضا العادات و التقاليد التي اضافها المتدينون اليهود عبر الزمن. . عند ترجمة هذا اللفظ "الديانة اليهودية" او "دين اليهود" يمكن استخدامها في كل من العهدين القديم و الجديد. . بما ان, اللفظ "يهودية" يجب ان يستخدم فقط في العهد الجديد, لان هذا اللفظ لم يكن موجودا قبل هذا الوقت.

يهوذا

يهوذا هو واحد من ابناء يعقوب الكبار. امه هي ليئة. المنحدرون منه هم "عشيرة يهوذا". . يهوذا هو من قال لاخوته بان يبيعوا يوسف اخوهم الصغير كعبد بدل من تركه يموت في البئر العميق. . الملك داود و كل الملوك الذين جاؤوا بعده منحدرون من يهوذا, ايضا يسوع هو من سلالة يهوذا. . عندما انتهى حكم الملك سليمان و انقسمت امة اسرائيل, كانت مملكة يهوذا هي الجزء الجنوبي من الامة. . في سفر العهد الجديد سفر الرؤيا, يدعى يسوع "اسد يهوذا". . الكلمتين "يهودي" و "يهودا" هما من الاسم "يهوذا".

يهوذا, مملكة يهوذا

عشيرة يهوذا هي اكبر عشائر بني اسرائيل الاثني عشر. تتكون مملكة يهوذا من عشيرة يهوذا و بنيامين. . بعد موت الملك سليمان, انقسمت امة اسرائيل الى مملكتين: اسرائيل و يهوذا. مملكة يهوذا هي المملكة لجنوبية, و تقع غرب بحر الملح. . عاصمة مملكة يهوذا هي اورشليم. . ثمانية من ملوك يهوذا اطاعوا الرب و قادوا الشعب الى عبادته. ملوك يهوذا الاخرين كانوا اشرارا و قادوا الشعب لعبادة الاوثان. . على مدى 120 سنة بعد ذلك غزت اشور اسرائيل ( المملكة الشمالية) و هزمتها, و تم غزو يهوذا من طرف امة بابل. و دمر البابليون المدينة و الهيكل, و اخذوا معظم شعب يهوذا الى السبي في بابل.

يهوذا الاسخريوطي

يهوذا الاسخريوطي هو واحد من رسل يسوع. و هو الذي خان يسوع بتسليمه لقادة اليهود. . الاسم "اسخريوطي" قد تعني "من قريوت", و قد تعني ان يهوذا كبر في هذه المدينة. . يهوذا الاسخريوطي هو من يتصرف في مال الرسل و يسرق بعض الشيء بصفة منتظمة لاستعماله الشخصي. . خان يهوذا يسوع بقوله للقادة الدينيين عن مكان يسوع ليقبضوا عليه. . بعد ان حكم رجال الدين على يسوع بالموت, ندم يهوذا انه خان يسوع, لهذا ارجع مال الخيانة الى قادة اليهود و قتل نفسه. . رسول اخر اسمه يهوذا و ايضا احد اخوة يسوع, و هناك اخرون يحملون اسم يهوذا في الكتاب المقدس, مثل اخو يسوع ورسول اخر, اخو يسوع معروف ايضا ب "يهوذا".

يهوذا بن يعقوب

يهوذا, ابن يعقوب, هو واحد من الرسل الاثني عشر. ملاحظة ليس هو نفس الشخص مع يهوذا الاسخريوطي. . عادة في الكتاب المقدس, الاشخاص الذين يحملون نفس الاسم يتم التمييز بينهم بذكر ابناء من يكونون. هنا, يهوذا يعرف على انه "ابن يعقوب". . رجل اخر اسمه يهوذا هو اخو يسوع. و يعرف ب "يهوذا". . كتاب العهد الجديد "يهوذا" من المحتمل انه كتب من طرف يهوذا اخو الرب, بما انه يعرف عن نفسه ب "اخو يعقوب". اذا يعقوب هو اخ اخر ليسوع. . و انه من المحتمل ايضا ان سفر يهوذا كتب من طرف يهوذا تلميذ المسيح, ابن يعقوب.

يهورام, يورام

يهورام هو اسم ملكين من العهد القديم. كل من هذين الملكين عرفوا بإسم "يورام". . احدهما الملك يهورام حكم على مملكة يهوذا لمدة ثماني سنوات. و هو ابن الملك يهوشافاط. و هو الملك المعروف اكثر بإسم يهورام. . الملك الاخر يهورام حكم على مملكة اسرائيل لمدة اثنى عشر سنة. و هو ابن الملك احاب. . الملك يهورام من يهوذا ملك خلال الفترة التي تنبا فيها كل من الانبياء ارميا, دانيال, عوبديا, و حزقيال في مملكة يهوذا. . يهورام ملك ايضا لبعض الوقت في الفترة التي كان فيها ابوه ملكا على يهوذا. . قد تختار بعض الترجمات بإستمرار استخدام الاسم "يهورام" عندما يذكر ملك اسرائيل و اسم "يورام" عندما يذكر ملك يهوذا. . طريقة لتوضيح هوية ايهما يقصد به و هي ذكر اسم ابيه.

يهوشافاط

يهوشافاط هو اسم رجلين على الاقل من العهد القديم. . الاكثر شهرة بهذا الاسم هو الملك يهوشافاط الذي كان رابع ملك حكم على مملكة يهوذا. . و اقام السلام بين يهوذا و اسرائيل, و هدم مذابح الالهة المزيفة. . رجل اخر اسمه يهوشافاط و كان "كاتب" لداود و سليمان. عمله يتضمن كتابة الوثائق للملك لكي يصادق عليها وتسجيل اتاريخ اهم الاحداث التاريخية التي حدثت في المملكة.

يهوه

اللفظ "يهوه" هو الاسم الشخصي لله الذي اعلنه عندما تكلم مع موسى في العليقة المشتعلة. . الاسم "يهوه" يأتي من الكلمة التي تعني "الذي كان" او "الكائن". . المعاني المحتملة ليهوه تشمل, "الذي هو" او "انا هو" او "الكائن الذي كان". . يكشف هذا الاسم ان الله كائن منذ الازل و يستمر كائن الى الابد. يعني ايضا انه دائم الوجود. . اتباعا للتقليد, العديد من ترجمات الكتاب المقدس تستخدم اللفظ "رب" او "الرب" للتعبير عن "يهوه". هذا التقليد نتج من حقيقة تاريخية عندما اصبح اليهود يخافون من النطق بإسم يهوه و بدأوا يقولون "رب" كل مرة يظهر فيها اللفظ "يهوه" في النص, الكتب المقدسة الحديثة تقول "رب" بتكبير الحرف الاول لاظهار الاحترام للاسم الشخصي لله و لكي تميزه عن "رب" بالحرف الصغير الذي هو لفظ عبري مختلف. . ترجمة ULB و UDB عادة ما تقوم بترجمة هذا اللفظ ب, "يهوه", كما ينطق حرفيا في النص العبري للعهد القديم. . اللفظ "يهوه" لم يذكر ابدا في النص الاصلي للعهد الجديد, فقط استخدم اللفظ اليوناني ل "رب", حتى في الاقتباسات من العهد القديم.

اقتراحات الترجمة . "يهوه" يمكن ان تترجم بكلمة او عبارة يكون معناها "انا هو" او "الكائن" او "الذي كان" او "الذي هو كائن". . قد يكتب هذا اللفظ بطريقة شبيهة بكيفية تهجئة الكلمة "يهوه". . بعض الطوائف الكنسية تفضل عدم استخدام اللفظ "يهوه" و بدلا من ذلك تستخدم الترجمة "رب". و هناك اعتبار مهم هو ان هذا قد يكون مربكا عند قراءته بصوت عال لانه سيبدو نفسه اللقب "رب". قد يكون لدى بعض اللغات ضمير او علامه نحوية اخرى يمكن اضافتها لتمييز "رب" كإسم.

يهوه رب الجنود, اله الجنود, حشد

اللفظان "يهوه رب الجنود" و "إله الجنود" هما لقبان يعبران عن سلطة الله على آلاف الملائكة التي تطيعه. . اللفظ "حشد" هو كلمة تشير الى عدد كبير من شيء ما, مثل جيش من الناس او العدد الهائل من النجوم. و قد يشير ايضا الى الكثير من الكائنات الروحية, بما في ذلك الارواح الشريرة. السياق هو ما يوضح الى اي نوع من الكائنات يشير. .عبارات مشابهة ل "جنود السماوات" تشير الى كل النجوم, الكواكب و الاجسام السماوية الاخرى. . في العهد الجديد, العبارة, "رب الجنود" تحمل نفس معنى "يهوه إله الجنود" و لكن لا يمكن ترجمتها بهذه الطريقة لان الكلمة العبرية "يهوه" لم تستخدم في العهد الجديد.

اقتراحات الترجمة . طرق ترجمة "يهوه اله الجنود" قد تشمل, "يهوه, الذي يحكم كل الملائكة" او "يهوه, الذي يملك عى جيوش الملائكة" او "يهوه, الحاكم على كل الخليقة". . اللفظ "الجنود" في العبارة "اله الجنود" و "رب الجنود" قد تترجم بنفس الطريقة مثلما هو الحال في العبارة "يهوه اله الجنود" في الاعلى. . بعض الكنائس لا تقبل اللفظ الحرفي "يهوه" و تفضل استخدام "الرب" بدلا من ذلك, متبعة تقليد العديد من الترجمات الكتابية. بالنسبة لهذه الكنائس, ترجمة هذا اللفظ "رب الجنود" يمكن ان يستخدم في العهد القديم ل "يهوه اله الجنود".

يهوياداع

يهوياداع هو الكاهن الذي ساعد في اخفاء و حماية الملك احزيا ابن يوآش حتى يكبر بما يكفي لينصب ملكا. . يهوياداع أقام مئات الجنود لحراسة و حماية الشاب يوآش الى ان يتم تعيينه للملك من طرف الشعب في الهيكل. . قاد يهوياداع الشعب للتخلص من كل مذابح الاله المزيف بعل. . في نهاية حياته, يهوياداع الكاهن نصح الملك يوآش ليساعده على طاعة الله و قيادة الشعب بحكمة. . رجل اخر اسمه يهوياداع هو ابو بانايا.

يهوياكين

يهوياكين هو ملك حكم على مملكة يهوذا. . اصبح يهوياكين ملكا عندما كان عمره 18 سنة, و حكم مدة ثلاثة اشهر فقط. و بعد هذا اسر من طرف البابليين و اخذ الى السبي في بابل. . خلال فترة حكمه القصيرة, يهوياكين قام بأشياء شريرة مثل ما فعل جده الملك منسى و ابوه الملك ياهوياقيم.

يوآب

يوأب هو قائد مهم في جيش الملك داود خلال كل فترة ملكه. . قبل ان يصبح داود ملكا, كان يوآب واحدا من اتباعه الاوفياء. . فيما بعد, خلال حكم داود كملك على اسرائيل, اصبح يوآب قائدا على جيش داود الملك. . يوآب كان ايضا ابن اخ داود هذا لان امه كانت احدى اخوات داود. . عندما خان ابشالوم ابيه داود بمحاولة اخذ مكانه في الملك, قتل يوآب ابشالوم بهدف حماية الملك. . كان يوآب مقاتلا جبارا و قتل الكثير من الناس الذين كانوا اعداءا لاسرائيل.

يوآش

يوآش هو اسم العديد من الرجال في العهد القديم. . احدهم هو يوآش ابو المحرر الاسرائيلي, جدعون. . رجل اخر اسمه يوآش هو حفيد بنيامين الابن الاكبر ليعقوب. . يوآش الاكثر شهرة هو الذي اصبح ملكا ليهوذا و هو في عمر السابعة. هو ابن احزيا, ملك يهوذا, الذي قتل. . عندما كان يوآش طفلا صغيرا, قامت عمته بحمايته من القتل بإخفاءه بعيدا الى ان يكبر و ينصب ملكا. . كان الملك يوآش ملكا صالحا, الذي اطاع الله اولا. لكنه لم يهدم المرتفعات وابتدأ الاسرائيليين بعبادة الاوثان من جديد. . ملك يوآش على يهوذا خلال جزء من فترة حكم الملك يهوآش على اسرائيل. و هما ملكين مختلفين.

يوئيل

يوئيل هو اسم نبي من المرجح انه عاش خلال فترة حكم ملك يهوذا يوآش. و هناك ايضا العديد من الرجال الاخرين من العهد القديم يحملون اسم يوئيل. . سفر يوئيل هو احد اصغر الكتب النبوية الاثنى عشر في الجزء الاخير من العهد القديم. . المعلومة الشخصية الوحيدة التي نعرفها عن يوئيل هي اسم ابيه فثوئيل . اثناء خطبته يوم الخمسين, اقتبس بطرس من سفر يوئيل.

يوثام

في العهد القديم, هناك ثلاث رجال يحملون اسم يوثام. . احدهم هو يوثام الابن الاصغر لجدعون. ساعد يوثام على هزيمة اخيه الاكبر ابيمالك الذي قتل بقية اخوته. . رجل اخر اسمه يوثام كان ملكا على يهوذا لمدة ستة عشر سنة بعد موت ابيه عزيا (عزريا). . مثل ابيه, اطاع الملك يوثام الله و كان ملكا صالحا. . الا انه, لم يهدم مرتفعات عبادة الاوثان وتسبب فيما بعد في ابتعاد شعب يهوذا عن الرب. . يوثام هو ايضا واحد من الاحفاد المذكورين في سلسلة نسب يسوع المسيح في سفر متى.

يوحنا (الرسول)

يوحنا هو واحد من رسل يسوع الاثنى عشر و واحد من الاصدقاء المقربين الى يسوع. . يوحنا واخوه يعقوب هما ابني الصياد المسمى زبدي. . في البشارة التي كتبها عن حياة يسوع, اشار يوحنا الى نفسه ب "التلميذ الذي كان يسوع يحبه". و هذا يعني ان يوحنا كان صديق مقرب ليسوع بشكل خاص. . كتب الرسول يوحنا خمسة اسفار في العهد الجديد: بشارة يوحنا, سفر الرؤية, و ثلاثة رسائل كتبت لمؤمنين اخرين. . ملاحظة: يوحنا الرسول ليس هو يوحنا المعمدان.

يوحنا المعمدان

يوحنا هو ابن زكريا و اليصابات. بما ان "يوحنا" هو اسم شائع, فإنه عادة ما يدعى "يوحنا المعمدان" للتمييز بينه و بين اشخاص اخرين يحملون اسم يوحنا, مثل يوحنا الرسول. . يوحنا هو النبي الذي ارسله الله لكي يهيء الناس للايمان بالمسيا و اتباعه. . طلب يوحنا من الناس الاعتراف بخطاياهم, و ان يرجعوا الى الله, و يتوقفوا عن فعل الخطية, و هكذا يكونوا مستعدين لقبول المسيح. . عمد يوحنا الكثير من الناس في الماء و هو علامة على تأسفهم من اجل خطاياهم والابتعاد عنها. . دعي يوحنا ب "يوحنا المعمدان" لانه عمد الكثير من الناس. . تأكد من ان : "المعمدان" لا تفهم على انها اسم كنيسة. قد يكون من الضروري القول, "يوحنا المعمد" او "يوحنا الذي يعمد"

يوحنا مرقس

يوحنا مرقس, المعروف ايضا ب "مرقس", هو واحد من الرجال الذين سافروا مع بولس اثناء رحلاته التبشيرية. و هو على الارجح كاتب الانجيل بحسب مرقس. . رافق يوحنا مرقس ابن خالته برنابا و بولس خلال الرحلة التبشيرية الاولى. . عندما وضع بطرس في السجن في اورشليم, كان المؤمنون يصلون من اجله في بيت والدة يوحنا مرقس. . لم يكن مرقس في الاصل من الرسل, لكن تعلم على يد كل من بولس وبطرس و عمل معهما في خدمتيهما.

يورام

يورام ابن آخاب كان ملكا لاسرائيل. و يشار اليه في بعض الاحيان ب "يهورام". . حكم الملك يورام على اسرائيل في نفس الوقت الذي ملك عليه يهورام على يهوذا. . كان يورام ملكا شريرا عبد الالهة المزيفة و تسبب في معصية اسرائيل. . ملك اسرائيل يورام ملك خلال الفترة التي تنبأ فيها كل من النبي أليشع و عوبديا. . رجل اخر اسمه يورام هو ابن الملك تو ملك حماة عندما كان داود ملكا.

يوسف ( العهد الجديد)

يوسف هو الاب الارضي ليسوع و رباه مثل ابنه. و هو رجل تقي يعمل نجار. . كان يوسف مرتبطا بفتاة يهودية اسمها مريم, التي اختارها الله لتكون اما ليسوع المسيا. . قال الملاك ليوسف ان الروح القدس جعل مريم حبلى بطريقة معجزية, و ان طفل مريم هو ابن الله. . بعد ولادة يسوع, حذر الملاك يوسف بأن يأخذ الصبي وامه مريم الى مصر بهدف الهروب من هيرودس. . سكن يوسف و زوجته في مدينة الناصرة في الجليل اين كان يعمل كنجار.

يوسف ( العهد القديم)

يوسف هو الابن الحادي عشر من ابناء يعقوب و الابن الاول لامه رحيل. . كان يوسف الابن المفضل لدى ابيه. . غار منه اخوته و باعوه ليكون عبد. . اثناء وجوده في مصر, اتهم يوسف زورا و وضع في السجن. . على الرغم من الصعوبات التي مر بها, بقى يوسف وفيا اتجاه الله. . رفعه الله الى اعلى ثاني مكانة قوة في مصر و استخدمه ليخلص الناس في الوقت الذي شح فيه الطعام. انقذ شعب مصر و كذلك عائلته, من الجوع.

يوشيا

يوشيا هو ملك صالح حكم على مملكة يهوذا لمدة واحد و ثلاثين سنة. قاد شعب يهوذا للتوبة و عبادة الرب. . بعد ان قتل ابوه الملك آمون, اصبح يوشيا ملكا على يهوذا في الثامنة من عمره. . في السنة العشرين من ملكه, امر يوشيا رئيس الكهنة حلقيا لترميم هيكل الرب. اثناء القيام بذلك تم العثور على سفر الشريعة. . و عندما قرأ كتاب الشريعة على مسامع يوشيا, اكتئب لما وصل اليه الشعب من حالة العصيان لله. و امر بهدم كل مرتفعات عبادة الاوثان و قتل كل كهنة الالهة المزيفة. . و امر الشعب بالبدء بالاحتفال بعيد الفصح مجددا.

يوم الدينونة

اللفظ "يوم الدينونة" يشير الى زمن في المستقبل عندما يدين الله كل شخص. . جعل الله من ابنه, يسوع المسيح, ديّان على كل الشعوب. . في يوم الدينونة, سوف يدين المسيح الناس على اساس صلاح جوهره.

اقتراحات الترجمة

. قد يترجم هذا ايضا ب "زمن الدينونة" لانه يشير الى اكثر من يوم. . طرق اخرى لترجمة هذا اللفظ قد تشمل, "الزمن الاخير الذي سوف يدين فيه الله كل الناس". . بعض المترجمين يكتبون هذا اللفظ بالحرف الكبير ليبينوا انه اسم ليوم خاص من الزمن: "يوم الدينونة" او " زمن الدينونة".

يوم الرب, يوم يهوه

اللفظ "يوم يهوه" من العهد القديم يستخدم للاشارة الى وقت (اوقات) محدد مزمع ان يعاقب فيه الله الناس من اجل خطياياهم. . اللفظ " يوم الرب" من العهد الجديد عادة يشير الى اليوم او الزمن الذي سوف يعود فيه الرب يسوع ليدين الناس في نهاية الزمان. . زمن الدينونة و القيامة المستقبلي والاخير, يُشار به لنا احيانا على انه "اليوم الاخير". سيبدأ هذا الوقت عندما يعود الرب يسوع ليدين الخطاة و يقيم ملكوته بشكل دائم. . الكلمة "يوم" في هذه العبارات ممكن ان تشير في بعض الاحيان الى اليوم الحرفي او ممكن ان تشير الى ال "زمن" او "المناسبة" التي هي اطول من اليوم. . في بعض الاحيان العقاب يُشار اليه ب "سكب غضب الله" على الذين لا يؤمنون.

اقتراحات الترجمة . على حسب السياق, طرق اخرى لترجمة "يوم يهوه" ممكن ان تشمل, "زمن يهوه" او "الزمن الذي سوف يعاقب فيه يهوه اعداءه" او "زمن غضب يهوه". . طرق اخرى لترجمة "يوم الرب" ممكن ان تشمل "زمن دينونة الرب" او " الزمن الذي سوف يرجع فيه الرب يسوع ليدين الناس".

يوناثان

يوناثان هو اسم لعشرة رجال على الاقل في العهد القديم. معنى الاسم "الرب اعطي". . صديق داود الحميم هو يوناثان و هو الرجل الاكثر شهرة الذي يحمل هذا الاسم. يوناثان هو الابن الاكبر للملك شاول. . اخرون يحملون اسم يوناثان ذكروا في العهد القديم منهم: احد احفاد موسى, ابن اخت الملك داود, العديد من الكهنة, بمن فيهم ابن ابياثار, و ملفوفة تحتوي على سفر الشريعة وجدت في البيت الذي سجن فيه النبي ارميا.

يونان

يونان هو نبي عبري من العهد القديم. . سفر يونان يخبرنا عن قصة يونان عندما ارسله الله الى شعب نينوى. . رفض يونان الذهاب الى نينوى في حين استقل سفينة و ذهب الى مدينة اخرى. . ارسل الله زوبعة عظيمة كادت ان تحطم السفينة. . و عندما اكتشف البحارة ان يونان كان غير مطيع لله, ألقوا به الى البحر عندها توقفت العاصفة. . ابتُلع يونان من طرف حوت كبير و بقي في جوف الحوت ثلاث ايام و ثلاث ليال. . بعد هذا, ذهب يونان الى نينوى و وعظ للناس هناك, و رجعوا عن خطاياهم.

يونانية, يوناني

اللفظ "يونانية" تشير الى اللغة التي يتكلم بها اهل اليونان. و يتكلم باليونانية ايضا عبر كل الامبراطورية الرومانية. اللفظ "يوناني" يعني "يتحدث اليونانية". . بما ان اغلبية الشعب اليهودي في المستعمرة الرومانية يتكلمون اليونانية, يشار الى الوثنيين عادة ب "يونانيين" في العهد الجديد, خصوصا بالمقارنة مع اليهود. . العبارة "اليونانيون اليهود" تشير الى اليهود الناطقين باليونانية بالمقابلة مع "العبرانيين اليهود" الناطقين بالعبرية فقط, او بالارامية. . طرق اخرى لترجمة "يوناني" ممكن ان تشمل, "ناطق باليونانية" او "ثقافة يونانية" او "يونانية". . عندما يشار الى غير اليهود, "يوناني"ممكن ان تترجم ب "وثني".