እግዚአብሔር ሰማዮችንና ምድርን ፈጠረ
የእግዚአብሔር መንፈስ በውሃ ላይ ሲሰፍፍ ነበር
የእግዚአብሔር መንፈስ በውሃ ላይ ሲሰፍፍ ነበር
እግዚአብሔር በውሆች መካከል ጠፈርን አደረገ
እግዚአብሔር በውሆች መካከል ጠፈርን አደረገ
እግዚአብሔር ደረቁን ምድር "መሬት" እና የተከማቸውን ውሃ "ባህር" ብሎ ጠራቸው
በሦስተኛው ቀን እግዚአብሔር እፅዋትን፣ የፍሬ ዛፎችንና አትክልቶችን ፈጠረ
በሦስተኛው ቀን እግዚአብሔር እፅዋትን፣ የፍሬ ዛፎችንና አትክልቶችን ፈጠረ
እነርሱ ቀንና ሌሊትን እንዲለዩ፣ ለዘመናት፣ ለቀናትና ለዓመታትም ምልክት እንዲሆኑ ነው
እግዚአብሔር ሁለቱን ታላላቅ ብርሃናትንና ከዋክብትን ፈጠረ
እግዚአብሔር በውሃ ውስጥ የሚኖሩ ሕያዋን ፍጥረታትንና ወፎችን ፈጠረ
ብዙ ተባዙም አላቸው
እግዚአብሔር ሰውን በራሱ አምሳል ፈጠረው
እግዚአብሔር ለሰው ሥልጣንን የሰጠው በባህር ዓሦች፣ በሰማይ ወፎች፣ በእንስሳት፣ በምድርና በምድር ላይ በሚንቀሳቀሱት ሁሉ ላይ ነው
እግዚአብሔር ሰውን በራሱ መልክ ፈጠረው
ብዙ ተባዙም፣ ምድርን ሙሉአት፣ ግዟትም
የዛፍን ፍሬ የሚያፈራውንና ዘር ያለውንም ዛፍ ሁሉ ሰጣቸው
እግዚአብሔር በጣም ጥሩ ነው ብሎ አሰበ
እርሱ ከሥራው ሁሉ ዐረፈ፣ ቀኑንም ባረከውና ቀደሰው
እርሱ ከሥራው ሁሉ ዐረፈ፣ ቀኑንም ባረከውና ቀደሰው
ጉም ከምድር ይወጣ ነበር
እግዚአብሔር አምላክ ሰውን ከምድር አፈር አበጀው፣ የሕይወትን እስትንፋስም ወደ ውስጡ እፍ አለበት
በኤድን የአትክልት ስፍራ
የሕይወት ዛፍና መልካምንና ክፉን የሚያስታውቀው ዛፍ ናቸው
መሥራትና የአትክልቱን ስፍራ መጠበቅ ነበረበት
መልካምንና ክፉን ከሚያስታውቀው ዛፍ በስተቀር በገነት ካለው ዛፍ ፍሬ ሁሉ በነጻ ብሉ የሚል ነበር
መልካምንና ክፉን ከሚያስታውቀው ዛፍ በስተቀር በገነት ካለው ዛፍ ፍሬ ሁሉ በነጻ ብሉ የሚል ነበር
ሰው ትዕዛዝን በሚተላለፍበት በዚያን ቀን በእርግጥ ይሞታል
ሰው ብቻውን ይሆን ዘንድ መልካም አይደለም አለ
ሰውየው ለሕያዋን ፍጥረታት በሙሉ ስም አወጣላቸው
ለሰውየው እንደ እርሱ ያለ ረዳት አልተገኘለትም
ለሰውየው እንደ እርሱ ያለ ረዳት አልተገኘለትም
እርሷ ከሰው ስለ ተወሰደች ነበር
ሚስት ሆናዋለችና ወንዱ ከሴቲቱ ጋር ይጣበቃል
አላፈሩም
እባቡ ሴቲቱን፣ "በእውነቱ እግዚአብሔር፣ 'በገነት ካለው ዛፍ ሁሉ እንዳትበሉ' ብሏችኋል?" በማለት ጠየቃት
እባቡ፣ "በእርግጥ አትሞቱም" አለ
እንደ እግዚአብሔር እንደሚሆኑ፣ መልካምንና ክፉን እንደሚያውቁ እባቡ ተናገረ
ሴቲቱ ዛፉ ለመብላት ያማረ እንደሆነ፣ ለዓይንም እንደሚያስጎመጅ፣ ለጥበብም መልካም እንደሆነ አየች
ሴቲቱ በላች፣ ለባሏ ጥቂት ሰጠችውና እርሱም ደግሞ በላ
በበሉ ጊዜ ዓይኖቻቸው ተከፈቱና ራቁታቸውን እንደሆኑ አወቁ
ከእግዚአብሔር ተደበቁ
ሰውየው ራቁቱን በመሆኑና በመፍራቱ ምክንያት ከእግዚአብሔር ተደበቀ
ሰውየው፣ ሴቲቱ ተጠያቂ ናት አለ
ሴቲቱ፣ እባብ ተጠያቂ ነው አለች
እግዚአብሔር እርስ በእርሳቸው እንዲጠላሉ እንደሚያደርጋቸው ተናገረ
ሴቲቱ በምትወልድበት ጊዜ ሕመሟን እጅግ አበዛው
ሰውየው በብርቱ ድካም ብቻ ከእርስዋ እንዲበላ እግዚአብሔር ምድርን ረገማት
ሰውየው፣ የሕያዋን ሁሉ እናት ስለሆነች ሴቲቱን ሔዋን ብሎ ጠራት
እግዚአብሔር ያለብሳቸው ዘንድ የቁርበትን ልብስ አደረገላቸው
እግዚአብሔር፣ አዳም አሁን መልካምንና ክፉን አውቋልና ለዘላለም እንዳይኖር ከሕይወት ዛፍ መብላት የለበትም አለ
እግዚአብሔር ሰውየውን ከገነት አስወጣው፣ ወደ ሕይወት ዛፍ የሚወስደውንም መንገድ ለመጠበቅ ኪሩቤልን በዚያ አስቀመጠ
ቃየን ገበሬ ሲሆን አቤል በግ አርቢ ነበር
ቃየን ከምድር ፍሬ ጥቂቱን አቀረበ
አቤል ከበጎቹ በኩራትና ከስቡ ጥቂቱን አቀረበ
እግዚአብሔር አምላክ የአቤልን መሥዋዕት ተቀበለ፣ ነገር ግን የቃየንን መሥዋዕት አልተቀበለም
እግዚአብሔር አምላክ የአቤልን መሥዋዕት ተቀበለ፣ ነገር ግን የቃየንን መሥዋዕት አልተቀበለም
ቃየን እጅግ ተናደደ፣ ፊቱም ጠቆረ
ቃየን ተቀባይነትን እንዲያገኝ መልካም የሆነውን እንዲያደርግ እግዚአብሔር አምላክ ነገረው
ቃየን ተነሣና አቤልን ገደለው
ቃየን፣ "አላውቅም፡፡ እኔ የወንድሜ ጠባቂ ነኝን?" አለ
የቃየን እርግማን፣ ምድር ኃይልዋን አትሰጠውም፣ ኮብላይና ተቅበዝባዥም ይሆናል
እግዚአብሔር አምላክ በቃየን ላይ ምልክት አደረገበት
ቃየን ከኤድን በስተምስራቅ በኖድ ምድር ተቀመጠ
ላሜሕ ሁለት ሚስቶች ነበሩት
ላሜሕ ለሚስቶቹ የነገራቸው ሰው መግደሉን ነበር
የአዳምና የሔዋን ሌላኛው ወንድ ልጅ ስም ሴት ነበር
ሰዎች የእግዚአብሔር አምላክን ስም መጥራት ጀመሩ
ዘፍጥረት ምዕራፍ አምስት የዘገበው ስለ አዳም ትውልድ ነው
ሰው የተፈጠረው በእግዚአብሔር ምሳሌ ነው
እግዚአብሔር ሰውን ወንድ እና ሴት አድርጎ ፈጠረ
አዳም 930 አመት ኖረ
ሴት 912 አመት ኖረ
ቃይናን 910 አመት ኖረ
ያሬድ 962 አመት ኖረ
ሄኖክ አካሄዱን ከእግዚአብሔር ጋር አደረገ፣ እግዚአብሔርም ወሰደው
ላሜሕ፣ ኖኅ እግዚአብሔር አምላክ በረገማት ምድር ምክንያት ሰዎችን ከሥራቸውና ከጥረታቸው ያሳርፋቸዋል አለ
የእግዚአብሔር ወንዶች ልጆች የሰዎችን ሴቶች ልጆች ለራሳቸው ሚስት አድርገው ወሰዱ
እግዚአብሔር ሰው የሚኖረው 120 ዓመት ነው አለ
በድሮ ዘመን ኃያላን የሆኑት ኔፍሊሞች፣ የእግዚአብሔር ወንዶች ልጆችና የሰዎች ሌቶች ልጆች ተጋብተው የወለዷቸው ነበሩ
እግዚአብሔር አምላክ የሰዎች ክፋት ታላቅ መሆኑንና አሳባቸውም ሁሉ ክፉ መሆኑን አየ
እግዚአብሔር አምላክ ሰውን ከምድር ላይ ለማጥፋት ወሰነ
ኖኅ በእግዚአብሔር አምላክ ፊት ሞገስን አገኘ
ኖኅ ጻድቅ፣ የማይነቀፍና አካሄዱን ከእግዚአብሔር ጋር ያደረገ ሰው ነበር
መርከብ እንዲሠራ እግዚአብሔር ለኖኅ ነገረው
እግዚአብሔር በምድር ላይ የጥፋትን ውሃ እንደሚያመጣ ተናገረ
እግዚአብሔር ቃል ኪዳኑን ከኖኅ ጋር አደረገ
ኖኅ ሚስቱን፣ ሦስቱን ወንዶች ልጆቹንና የልጆቹን ሚስቶች ወደ መርከቡ እንዲያስገባ እግዚአብሔር ነገረው
ሕያዋን ፍጥረታት ከሆኑት ሁሉ ሁለት ሁለት ወንድና ሴት ሆነው ወደ መርከቡ መግባት ነበረባቸው
ኖኅ እግዚአብሔር ያዘዘውን ሁሉ አደረገ
ንጹሕ ከሆኑት እንስሳት ሰባት ወንድና ሴት እንዲሁም ወፎች ወደ መርከቡ መግባት ነበረባቸው
እግዚአብሔር ዝናቡ ለአርባ ቀንና ሌሊት ሳያቋርጥ እንደሚዘንብ ተናገረ
የጥፋት ውሃ በምድር ላይ በመጣ ጊዜ የኖኅ ዕድሜ ስድስት መቶ አመት ነበር
እንስሳቱ ወደ ኖኅ መጡና ወደ መርከቡ ገቡ
ውሃው የመጣው ከምድር ጥልቅና ከሰማይ ነበር
እግዚአብሔር አምላክ በሩን ከበስተኋላቸው ዘጋው
ውሃው ከተራራዎቹ ጫፍ በላይ አሥራ አምስት ክንድ ያህል ተነሣ
በምድር ላይ የሚንቀሳቀሱ ፍጥረታት ሁሉና ሰዎች ሁሉ ሞቱ
ኖኅና ከእርሱ ጋር በመርከቡ ውስጥ የነበሩት ብቻ በሕይወት ተረፉ
እግዚአብሔር ነፋስ እንዲነፍስ አደረገ፣ የጥልቁ ውሃ ምንጮች ተደፈኑ፣ ዝናቡም ቆመ
እግዚአብሔር ነፋስ እንዲነፍስ አደረገ፣ የጥልቁ ውሃ ምንጮች ተደፈኑ፣ ዝናቡም ቆመ
መርከቡ ያረፈው በአራራት ተራሮች ላይ ነበር
በመጀመሪያው ጊዜ እርግቢቱ እግሮቿን የምታሳርፍበት ቦታ አላገኘችምና ወደ ኖኅ ወደ መርከቡ ተመለሰች
በሁለተኛው ጊዜ፣ እርግቢቱ የለመለመ የወይራ ቅጠል ይዛ ተመለሰች
በሦስተኛው ጊዜ፣ እርግቢቱ ወደ ኖኅ አልተመለሰችም
ኖኅ የምድሪቱ ፊት መድረቁን አየ
እግዚአብሔር፣ ሕያዋን ፍጥረታት ሁሉ በምድር ላይ እንዲበዙና እንዲባዙ ፈለገ
ኖኅ ለእግዚአብሔር አምላክ መሠዊያ ሠራና በእርሱ ላይ የሚቃጠል መሥዋዕት ሠዋበት
እግዚአብሔር ዳግመኛ ምድርን ላይረግማትና ሕያዋንን ሁሉ እንደገና ላያጠፋ ቃል ገብቷል
እግዚአብሔር፣ የሰው አሳብ ከታናሽነቱ ጀምሮ ክፉ ነው አለ
እግዚአብሔር ለኖኅና ለልጆቹ እንዲበዙ፣ እንዲባዙና ምድርን እንዲሞሉ ነገራቸው
እግዚአብሔር ለኖኅና ለልጆቹ አረንጓዴ ተክሎችንና ሕይወት ያላቸውን ተንቀሳቃሾች ምግብ እንዲሆናቸው ሰጣቸው
ደም ያለበት ሥጋ መበላት እንደሌለበት እግዚአብሔር አዟል
እግዚአብሔር ሕይወት ያለው በደም ውስጥ ነው አለ
የሰውን ደም የሚያፈስ የእርሱም ደም እንዲፈስ እግዚአብሔር ደንግጓል
የሰውን ደም የሚያፈስ የእርሱም ደም እንዲፈስ እግዚአብሔር ደንግጓል
እግዚአብሔር ሰውን የፈጠረው በእግዚአብሔር መልክ ነው
ሥጋን የለበሰ ሁሉ በጥፋት ውሃ ዳግመኛ እንደማይጠፋ እግዚአብሔር የተስፋ ቃል ኪዳን አድርጓል
ሥጋን የለበሰ ሁሉ በጥፋት ውሃ ዳግመኛ እንደማይጠፋ እግዚአብሔር የተስፋ ቃል ኪዳን አድርጓል
ሥጋን የለበሰ ሁሉ በጥፋት ውሃ ዳግመኛ እንደማይጠፋ እግዚአብሔር የተስፋ ቃል ኪዳን አድርጓል
ሥጋን የለበሰ ሁሉ በጥፋት ውሃ ዳግመኛ እንደማይጠፋ እግዚአብሔር የተስፋ ቃል ኪዳን አድርጓል
እግዚአብሔር ከምድር ጋር ለገባው ቃል ኪዳን ምልክት እንዲሆን ቀስተ ደመናን በደመና ውስጥ አስቀመጠ
ሥጋን የለበሰ ሁሉ በጥፋት ውሃ ዳግመኛ እንደማይጠፋ እግዚአብሔር የተስፋ ቃል ኪዳን አድርጓል
እግዚአብሔር ከምድር ጋር ለገባው ቃል ኪዳን ምልክት እንዲሆን ቀስተ ደመናን በደመና ውስጥ አስቀመጠ
እግዚአብሔር ከምድር ጋር ለገባው ቃል ኪዳን ምልክት እንዲሆን ቀስተ ደመናን በደመና ውስጥ አስቀመጠ
የኖኅ ሦስት ወንዶች ልጆች ስማቸው ሴም፣ ካምና ያፌት ነበር
ኖኅ ወይን ከተከለ በኋላ ከወይን ጠጁ ጥቂት ጠጣና ሰከረ
ኖኅ ወይን ከተከለ በኋላ ከወይን ጠጁ ጥቂት ጠጣና ሰከረ
ሴምና ያፌት የአባታቸውን ራቁትነት ለመሸፈን ሸማ በመያዝ ፊታቸውን አዙረው የኋሊት ሄዱ
ኖኅ ካምን፣ "ከነዓን ርጉም ይሁን፡፡ ለወንድሞቹም የባሪያዎች ባሪያ ይሁን" ብሎ ረገመው
ኖኅ ሴምና ያፌትን ሁለቱንም ባረካቸው
ኖኅ ሴምና ያፌትን ሁለቱንም ባረካቸው
ነገዶቹ በተበተኑ ጊዜ እያንዳንዱ ነገድ የራሱ ቋንቋ ነበረው
ናምሩድ በእግዚአብሔር አምላክ ፊት ኃያል አዳኝ በመሆኑ ይታወቅ ነበር
ከናምሩድ የመጀመሪያ ከተሞች ቀዳሚው ባቢሎን ነበር
ናምሩድ በአሶርም ከተሞችን ገነባ
ከነዓን የካም ልጅ ነበር
ነገዶቹ በተበተኑ ጊዜ እያንዳንዱ ነገድ የራሱ ቋንቋ ነበረው
በፋሌቅ ዘመን ምድር ተከፈለች
ነገዶቹ በተበተኑ ጊዜ እያንዳንዱ ነገድ የራሱ ቋንቋ ነበረው
ሕዝቦቹ የመጡት ከኖኅ ልጆች ነገዶች ነው
ከጥፋት ውሃ በኋላ ወዲያውኑ፣ በምድሪቱ ሁሉ ላይ አንድ ቋንቋ ነበረ
ሕዝቡ ከተማና ግንባቸውን የሠሩት በሰናዖር ምድር ነበር
ሕዝቡ እግዚአብሔር እንዳዘዛቸው በምድር ላይ ከመበተን ይልቅ ከተማና ግንብ ለመሥራት ወሰኑ
ሕዝቡ የራሳቸውን ስም ለማስጠራት ፈለጉ
እግዚአብሔር አምላክ ወርዶ የሕዝቡን ቋንቋዎች ደበላለቀው
እግዚአብሔር ቋንቋዎቻቸውን ያደበላለቀው እርስ በእርሳቸው እንዳይግባቡ ነበር
እግዚአብሔር አስቀድሞ እንዳዘዛቸው በምድር ፊት ሁሉ ላይ እንዲበተኑ አደረጋቸው
የከተማው ስም ባቢሎን ይባላል
በዚህ ምዕራፍ የተጠቀሱት የኖኅ ልጅ የሴም ትውልዶች ናቸው
የአብራም አባት ታራ ነበር
ታራ ይኖር የነበረው በከለዳውያን ዑር ነው
የአብራም ሚስት ስሟ ሦራ ነበር
የአብራም ሚስት ሦራ መካን ነበረች፣ ልጅም አልነበራትም
ታራ ከአብራም፣ ሦራና ሎጥ ጋር ወደ ከነዓን ምድር ተጓዘ
እግዚአብሔር አምላክ አብራም የአባቱን ቤተሰብ ትቶ እርሱ ወደሚያሳየው ምድር እንዲሄድ ለአብራም ነገረው
እግዚአብሔር አምላክ አብራምን እንደሚባርከው፣ ትልቅ ሕዝብ እንደሚያደርገውና በእርሱ በኩል የምድር ቤተሰቦች በሙሉ እንደሚባረኩ ተስፋ ሰጠው
እግዚአብሔር አምላክ አብራምነ እንደሚባርከው፣ ትልቅ ሕዝብ እንደሚያደርገውና በእርሱ በኩል የምድር ቤተሰቦች በሙሉ እንደሚባረኩ ተስፋ ሰጠው
አብራም ከሚስቱ ከሦራና ከወንድሙ ልጅ ከሎጥ ጋር ተጓዘ
አብራም ወደ ከነዓን ምድር ተጓዘ
ዘሮቹ በከነዓን ምድር እንደሚኖሩ እግዚአብሔር አምላክ ለአብራም ተስፋ ሰጠው
አብራም ለእግዚአብሔር አምላክ መሠዊያን ሠራ፣ የእግዚአብሔር አምላክንም ስም ጠራበት
አብራም ከነዓንን ትቶ ወደ ግብፅ ተጓዘ
አብራም፣ ሚስቱ ሦራ ቆንጆ ስለ ነበረች ግብፃውያን እርሱን ገድለው እርስዋን እንደሚወስዱበት በማሰብ ሰግቶ ነበር
የአብራም እህት መሆኗን ለግብፃውያኑ እንድትነግራቸው አብራም ሦራን ጠየቃት
ፈርዖን ሦራን ወደ ቤቱ ወሰዳት
እግዚአብሔር አምላክ ፈርዖንና ቤተሰቡን በታላቅ መቅሰፍት መታቸው
ሦራ ሚስቱ ሆና ሳለች ለምን እህቱ እንደሆነች አድርጎ እንደ ነገረው ፈርዖን አብራምን ጠየቀው
ሦራ ሚስቱ ሆና ሳለች ለምን እህቱ እንደሆነች አድርጎ እንደ ነገረው ፈርዖን አብራምን ጠየቀው
ፈርዖን አብራምና ሦራን ከሀገሩ አስወጣቸው
አብራም ወደ ኔጌብ ተጓዘ
አብራም ከራሱ ጋር ብዙ ከብት፣ ብዙ ብርና ወርቅ ይዞ ወጣ
አብራም ከራሱ ጋር ብዙ ከብት፣ ብዙ ብርና ወርቅ ይዞ ወጣ
አብራምና ሎጥ የነበራቸው እጅግ ብዙ ነበርና በአንድነት ይቀመጡ ዘንድ ምድር አልበቃቸውም፣ በዚህ ምክንያት ጠብ ሆነ
አብራም፣ ሎጥ የሚኖርበትን እንዲመርጥና እርሱም ከሎጥ ተለይቶ ወደሚኖርበት ለመሄድ ምርጫ አቀረበ
ሎጥ ወደ ምስራቅ ለመሄድና ውሃ የሞላበት ስለ ነበር በዮርዳኖስ ሸለቆ ለመኖር መረጠ
ሎጥ ወደ ምስራቅ ለመሄድና ውሃ የሞላበት ስለ ነበር በዮርዳኖስ ሸለቆ ለመኖር መረጠ
አብራም በከነዓን ምድር ኖረ
የሰዶም ሰዎች በእግዚአብሔር አምላክ ፊት ክፉዎችና ኃጢአተኞች ነበሩ
አብራም ከቆመበት ስፍራ ጀምሮ የሚያየው ምድር ሁሉ እንደሚሰጠው እግዚአብሔር አምላክ ተስፋ ሰጠ
አብራም ከቆመበት ስፍራ ጀምሮ የሚያየው ምድር ሁሉ እንደሚሰጠው እግዚአብሔር አምላክ ተስፋ ሰጠ
አብራም ሊቆጠር የማይችል ዘር እንደሚኖረው፣ "ዘርህ እንደ ምድር አሸዋ ይበዛል" በማለት እግዚአብሔር አምላክ ነገረው
አብራም ወደ ኬብሮን ከተማ አቅራቢያ ተጓዘ
የሰዶም መልካም ነገር ሁሉ ተወሰደ፣ ደግሞም ሎጥና ንብረቱ በሙሉ ተወሰዱ
የሰዶም መልካም ነገር ሁሉ ተወሰደ፣ ደግሞም ሎጥና ንብረቱ በሙሉ ተወሰዱ
አብራም ይከታተላቸው ዘንድ የሰለጠኑ 318 ሰዎቹን ሰበሰባቸው
አብራም ከነገሥታቱ ጋር ከደማስቆ በስተሰሜን ተዋጋ፣ የተማረከውን ንብረት፣ ሎጥንና ሌሎችንም ሰዎች መለሰ
አብራም ከነገሥታቱ ጋር ከደማስቆ በስተሰሜን ተዋጋ፣ የተማረከውን ንብረት፣ ሎጥንና ሌሎችንም ሰዎች መለሰ
አብራም በተመለሰ ጊዜ የሰዶም ንጉሥና የሳሌም ንጉሥ መልከ ጼዴቅ ተገናኙት
አብራም በተመለሰ ጊዜ የሰዶም ንጉሥና የሳሌም ንጉሥ መልከ ጼዴቅ ተገናኙት
መልከ ጼዴቅ የልዑል እግዚአብሔር ካህን ነበረ
መልከ ጼዴቅ ከአብራም ጋር በተገናኘ ጊዜ እንጀራና ወይን አምጥቶ ነበር
መልከ ጼዴቅ አብራምን ባረከው፣ ልዑል እግዚአብሔርንም ባረከ
መልከ ጼዴቅ አብራምን ባረከው፣ ልዑል እግዚአብሔርንም ባረከ
አብራም ከሁሉም ነገር አንድ አሥረኛውን ለመልከ ጼዴቅ ሰጠው
የሰዶም ንጉሥ ያቀረበው አሳብ አብራም ሰዎቹን ለእርሱ የሚሰጠው ከሆነ ከብቶቹን ለራሱ እንዲያስቀራቸው ነበር
አብራም ወደ ልዑል እግዚአብሔር አምላክ እጆቹን ስላነሣና የሰዶም ንጉሥ አብራምን አበለጸግሁት ለማለት እንዳይችል ስለ ፈለገ ነበር
አብራም፣ ወጣቶቹ ከተመገቡትና ከእርሱ ጋር ከሄዱት ሰዎች ድርሻ በስተቀር ምንም ሀብት እንደማይወስድ አስታወቀ
አብራም ወደ ልዑል እግዚአብሔር አምላክ እጆቹን ስላነሣና የሰዶም ንጉሥ አብራምን አበለጸግሁት ለማለት እንዳይችል ስለ ፈለገ ነበር
አብራም፣ ወጣቶቹ ከተመገቡትና ከእርሱ ጋር ከሄዱት ሰዎች ድርሻ በስተቀር ምንም ሀብት እንደማይወስድ አስታወቀ
እግዚአብሔር አምላክ አብራም እንዳይፈራ፣ ለአብራም ጋሻና እጅግ ታላቅ ዋጋው እርሱ መሆኑን ነገረው
አብራም እስካሁን ልጅ ስላልነበረውና የቤቱ መጋቢ ወራሹ ስለሆነ ተጨንቆ ነበር
አብራም እስካሁን ልጅ ስላልነበረውና የቤቱ መጋቢ ወራሹ ስለሆነ ተጨንቆ ነበር
ከራሱ ከአብራም ሥጋ የሚወለደው ወራሹ እንደሚሆን እግዚአብሔር አምላክ ተናገረ
እግዚአብሔር አምላክ አብራም እንደ ከዋክብት የበዙ ልጆች እንደሚኖሩት ተናገረ
አብራም እግዚአብሔር አምላክን አመነ፣ እግዚአብሔር አምላክም አብራምን ጻድቅ አድርጎ ቆጠረው
አብራም እግዚአብሔር አምላክን፣ "እርሱን እንደምወርስ በምን አውቃለሁ"? ብሎ ጠየቀው
አብራም እንስሳቱን አርዶ ለሁለት በመክፈል አንደኛውን በሌላኛው ፊት በትይዩ አስቀመጣቸው
ፀሐይ በጠለቀች ጊዜ አብራም አንቀላፋ፣ ድንጋጤና ታላቅ ጨለማም ወደቀበት
ዘሮቹ ለአራት መቶ አመታት ባሪያዎች እንደሚሆኑና እንደሚጨቆኑ እግዚአብሔር አምላክ ለአብራም ነገረው
እግዚአብሔር አምላክ በዚያ ሕዝብ ላይ እንደሚፈርድ ተናገረ
አብራም በመልካም ሽምግልና በሰላም እንደሚሞት እግዚአብሔር አምላክ ተናገረ
የአብራም ዘሮች ከመመለሳቸው በፊት የአሞራውያን ኃጢአት መጠኑን መሙላት ነበረበት
የምድጃ ጢስና የእሳት ነበልባል በዚያ በተከፈለው መካከል አለፈ
ይህቺን ምድር እግዚአብሔር አምላክ ለአብራም ዘሮች እንደሚሰጥ ለአብራም ቃል ኪዳን ገባለት
ይህቺን ምድር እግዚአብሔር አምላክ ለአብራም ዘሮች እንደሚሰጥ ለአብራም ቃል ኪዳን ገባለት
ይህቺን ምድር እግዚአብሔር አምላክ ለአብራም ዘሮች እንደሚሰጥ ለአብራም ቃል ኪዳን ገባለት
ይህቺን ምድር እግዚአብሔር አምላክ ለአብራም ዘሮች እንደሚሰጥ ለአብራም ቃል ኪዳን ገባለት
በእርሷ በኩል ልጅ እንዲኖራቸው አብራም ከባሪያዋ ከአጋር ጋር እንዲተኛ ሦራ ነገረችው
በእርሷ በኩል ልጅ እንዲኖራቸው አብራም ከባሪያዋ ከአጋር ጋር እንዲተኛ ሦራ ነገረችው
አጋር ካረገዘች በኋላ ሦራን በንቀት አየቻት
አጋር እርሷን መናቋ የአብራም ስሕተት ነው በማለት ሦራ ቅሬታ አቀረበች፣ አብራምም በአጋር ላይ የወደደችውን እንድታደርግ ለሦራ ነገራት
አጋር እርሷን መናቋ የአብራም ስሕተት ነው በማለት ሦራ ቅሬታ አቀረበች፣ አብራምም በአጋር ላይ የወደደችውን እንድታደርግ ለሦራ ነገራት
ሦራ አጋርን አሰቃየቻት፣ አጋርም ኮበለለች
አጋር ወደ ሦራ እንድትመለስና ለሥልጣንዋ እንድትገዛ የእግዚአብሔር አምላክ መልአክ ነገራት
የእግዚአብሔር አምላክ መልአክ ዘሮችዋ እስከማይቆጠሩ ድረስ እንደሚበዙ ለአጋር ተስፋ ሰጣት
እግዚአብሔር አምላክ መቸገሯን ስለ ሰማ አጋር ልጇን እስማኤል ብላ እንድትጠራው ተነገራት
እስማኤል ከሰው ሁሉ ጋር ጸበኛ ይሆናል፣ ከወንድሞቹም ተለይቶ ይኖራል
አጋር ለእግዚአብሔር አምላክ፣ "የሚያየኝ አምላክ" የሚል ስም ሰጠችው
አጋር ለእግዚአብሔር አምላክ፣ "የሚያየኝ አምላክ" የሚል ስም ሰጠችው
እግዚአብሔር አምላክ ለአብራም እንደገና በተገለጠለት ጊዜ አብራም ዘጠና ዘጠኝ ዓመቱ ነበር
እግዚአብሔር አምላክ፣ አብራም በእርሱ ፊት ያለ ነቀፋ እንዲመላለስ አዘዘው
እግዚአብሔር አምላክ የአብራምን ስም ወደ አብርሃም ለወጠው፣ ይኸውም፣ "የብዙ ሕዝብ አባት" ማለት ነው
እግዚአብሔር አምላክ የቃል ኪዳኑ አካል አድርጎ ለአብርሃም ዘሮች የከነዓንን ምድር ሁሉ ሰጣቸው
እግዚአብሔር አምላክ ለአብርሃም ዘሮች አምላካቸው እንደሚሆን ተናገረ
እግዚአብሔር አምላክ በእርሱና በአብርሃም መካከል ላለው ቃል ኪዳን ምልክት እንዲሆን ወንድ ሁሉ እንዲገረዝ አዘዘ
እግዚአብሔር አምላክ በእርሱና በአብርሃም መካከል ላለው ቃል ኪዳን ምልክት እንዲሆን ወንድ ሁሉ እንዲገረዝ አዘዘ
አንድ ሕፃን በስምንተኛው ቀን መገረዝ ነበረበት
ከእግዚአብሔር አምላክ የቃል ኪዳን ቤተሰቦች ጋር የተቀላቀሉ እንግዶች፣ እነርሱም ደግሞ መገረዝ ነበረባቸው
ከእግዚአብሔ አምላክ የቃል ኪዳን ቤተሰቦች ጋር የተቀላቀሉ እንግዶች፣ እነርሱም ደግሞ መገረዝ ነበረባቸው
ያልተገረዘ ወንድ ሁሉ ቃል ኪዳን አፍርሶአልና ከእግዚአብሔር ሕዝብ ተለይቶ ጠፋ
እግዚአብሔር አምላክ የሦራን ስም ወደ ሣራ ለወጠው
የአብርሃም ወንድ ልጅ በሣራ በኩል እንደሚመጣ እግዚአብሔር አምላክ ተስፋ ሰጠ
አብርሃም ሳቀ፣ በእድሜ በጣም ያረጁ ወንድና ሴት እንዴት ልጅ ሊወልዱ ይችላሉ በማለትም ጠየቀ
እግዚአብሔር፣ አብርሃም ልጁን ይስሐቅ ብሎ መጥራት አለበት አለ
እግዚአብሔር ቃል ኪዳኑን ከይስሐቅ ጋር እንደሚመሠርት ተናገረ
እግዚአብሔር እስማኤልን ሊባርክ፣ ሊያበዛውና ታላቅ ሕዝብ ሊያደርገው ተስፋ ሰጠ
እግዚአብሔር ቃል ኪዳኑን ከይስሐቅ ጋር እንደሚመሠርት ተናገረ
አብርሃም በዚያው ቀን በቤቱ የነበሩትን ወንዶች ሁሉ ገረዘ
አብርሃም በዚያው ቀን በቤቱ የነበሩትን ወንዶች ሁሉ ገረዘ
እስማኤል በተገረዘ ጊዜ ዕድሜው አሥራ ሦስት ነበር
አብርሃም በዚያው ቀን በቤቱ የነበሩትን ወንዶች ሁሉ ገረዘ
አብርሃም በዚያው ቀን በቤቱ የነበሩትን ወንዶች ሁሉ ገረዘ
አብርሃም ሦስት ሰዎችን በእርሱ አቅጣጫ ቆመው አየ
አብርሃም ለሰዎቹ እንዲታጠቡበት ጥቂት ውሃና ጥቂት ምግብ አቀረበላቸው
አብርሃም ለሰዎቹ እንዲታጠቡበት ጥቂት ውሃና ጥቂት ምግብ አቀረበላቸው
ሣራ በድንኳኑ ውስጥ ነበረች
አንደኛው ጎብኚ፣ እርሱ በሚመለስበት ጊዜ ሣራ ወንድ ልጅ እንደሚኖራት ተናገረ
ሣራ ትንቢታዊውን ቃል በሰማች ጊዜ በልቧ ሳቀች
እግዚአብሔር አምላክ ሣራ ለምን እንደ ሣቀች ጠየቀ፣ እንዲሁም፣ "ለእግዚአብሔር አምላክ የሚሳነው ነገር አለን"? አለ
ሰዎቹ ከአብርሃም ቤት ወጥተው ወደ ሰዶም ሄዱ
እግዚአብሔር አምላክ፣ "እኔ የማደርገውን ከአብርሃም እሰውራለሁን?" አለ
እግዚአብሔር አምላክ፣ አብርሃም ጽድቅንና ፍርድን እንዲያደርጉ ልጆቹንና ቤተሰቦቹን ማስተማር አለበት አለ
ሰዎቹ ወደ ሰዶም የሄዱት የሰዶምና የጎሞራ ጩኸት ታላቅ ስለነበረና የከተሞቹ ክፋት ጩኸታቸው የሚያመለክተውን ያህል መሆኑን ለማየት ነበር
ሰዎቹ ወደ ሰዶም የሄዱት የሰዶምና የጎሞራ ጩኸት ታላቅ ስለነበረና የከተሞቹ ክፋት ጩኸታቸው የሚያመለክተውን ያህል መሆኑን ለማየት ነበር
አብርሃም የጠየቀው፣ "ጻድቁን ከኃጢአተኛው ጋር ታጠፋለህን?" በማለት ነበር
እግዚአብሔር አምላክ በእነርሱ ምክንያት ስፍራውን ሁሉ እንደማያጠፋ ተናገረ
እግዚአብሔር አምላክ በእነርሱ ምክንያት ስፍራውን ሁሉ እንደማያጠፋ ተናገረ
እግዚአብሔር አምላክ በእነርሱ ምክንያት ስፍራውን ሁሉ እንደማያጠፋ ተናገረ
እግዚአብሔር አምላክ በእነርሱ ምክንያት ስፍራውን ሁሉ እንደማያጠፋ ተናገረ
እግዚአብሔር አምላክ በእነርሱ ምክንያት ስፍራውን ሁሉ እንደማያጠፋ ተናገረ
እግዚአብሔር አምላክ በእነርሱ ምክንያት ስፍራውን ሁሉ እንደማያጠፋ ተናገረ
ሌሊቱን በእርሱ ቤት እንዲያድሩና ሲነጋ እንዲሄዱ አሳብ አቀረበላቸው
መላእክቱ ሌሊቱን በከተማይቱ አደባባይ እንደሚያሳልፉ ተናገሩ
በመጨረሻም፣ መላእክቱ ሌሊቱን በዚያ ለማሳለፍ ከሎጥ ጋር ወደ እርሱ ቤት ሄዱ
ሰዎቹ ከእነርሱ ጋር መተኛት ይችሉ ዘንድ ሊጎበኙት የመጡትን ሁለት ሰዎች ሎጥ እንዲያወጣላቸው ፈለጉ
ሎጥ ከሁለቱ ጎብኚዎቹ ይልቅ ሁለቱን ሴቶች ልጆቹን ለከተማይቱ ወንዶች አቀረበላቸው
ሰዎቹ ሎጥ ወዲያ እንዲሄድላቸው ነገሩት፣ በሩን ለመስበርም ቀረቡ
መላእክቱ ሎጥን ወደ ቤት ውስጥ ሳቡትና በውጭ የነበሩትን ወንዶች ዓይኖቻቸውን አሳወሯቸው
መላእክቱ ከተማይቱን ለማጥፋት የተላኩ መሆናቸውን ተናገሩ
አማቾቹ ሎጥ የሚቀልድ መሰላቸው
ሎጥ ሚስቱንና ሴቶች ልጆቹን ይዞ ከከተማይቱ እንዲወጣ መላእክቱ ነገሩት
መላእክቱ ከከተማይቱ ውጪ አውጥተው ያስቀመጧቸው እግዚአብሔር አምላክ ስላዘነላቸው ነበር
ሎጥና ቤተሰቡ ነፍሳቸውን ለማዳን እንዲሸሹና ወደ ኋላቸው እንዳይመለከቱ መላእክቱ ነገሯቸው
ሎጥና ቤተሰቡ ዞዓር ተብላ ወደምትጠራ ትንሽ ከተማ እንዲሸሹ ተፈቅዶላቸው ነበር
እግዚአብሔር አምላክ በሰዶምና ገሞራ ላይ ከሰማይ እሳትና ዲን አዘነበባቸው
የሎጥ ሚስት ወደኋላዋ ተመለከተች፣ የጨው ዓምድም ሆነች
እንደ እቶን ያለ ጢስ ከምድር ወደ ላይ ሲወጣ አየ
ሎጥ በዞዓር ለመቀመጥ ስለ ፈራ ከዚያ ተነሥቶ ወደ ተራሮች ሄደ
የሎጥ ሴቶች ልጆች አባታቸውን ለማስከርና ልጆች ይኖሩት ዘንድ ከእርሱ ጋር ለመተኛት አቀዱ
የሎጥ ሴቶች ልጆች አባታቸውን ለማስከርና ልጆች ይኖሩት ዘንድ ከእርሱ ጋር ለመተኛት አቀዱ
ሞዓባውያንና አሞናውያን ሰዎች ከሎጥ ሴቶች ልጆች ተገኙ
ሞዓባውያንና አሞናውያን ሰዎች ከሎጥ ሴቶች ልጆች ተገኙ
አብርሃም ሣራ እህቱ እንደሆነች ተናገረ
አብርሃም ሣራ እህቱ እንደሆነች ተናገረ
እግዚአብሔር በሕልም ወደ አቢሜሌክ መጥቶ የሰውየውን ሚስት በመውሰዱ ምውት መሆኑን ነገረው
አብርሃም፣ ሣራ እህቱ መሆኗን እንደ ነገረው፣ ሣራም አብርሃም ወንድሟ መሆኑን እንደ ነገረችው አቢሜሌክ ለእግዚአብሔር ተናገረ
አቢሜሌክ ሣራን ለአብርሃም እንዲመልስለት ነገረው፤ ያለበለዚያ እርሱና ሕዝቡ ሁሉ ይሞታሉ
እግዚአብሔር ለአቢሜሌክ የነገረውን በሰሙ ጊዜ የአቢሜሌክ ሰዎች እጅግ ፈሩ
አቢሜሌክ በሣራ ምክንያት እንዳይገድለው ስለ ፈራ መሆኑን አብርሃም ተናገረ
ሣራ የእናቱ ሳትሆን የአብርሃም የአባቱ ልጅ ነበረች
አቢሜሌክ ለአብርሃም በጎችንና በሬዎችን፣ ወንዶችንና ሴቶች ባሮችን ሰጠው
ለወንድሟ አንድ ሺህ ጥሬ ብር የሰጠው ከእርስዋ ጋር በነበሩት ሁሉና በሌሎችም ሰዎች ፊት ለጉዳቷ ካሳ እንዲሆን መሆኑን አቢሜሌክ ለሣራ ነገራት
አቢሜሌክ፣ ሚስቱና ሴት ባሪያዎቹ መውለድ እንዲችሉ አግዚአብሔር ፈወሳቸው
እግዚአብሔር አምላክ ሣራን ጎበኛት፣ ተስፋ በተሰጠበት ጊዜም ለአብርሃም ወንድ ልጅን ወለደችለት
ይስሐቅ ስምንት ቀን በሆነው ጊዜ አብርሃም ገረዘው
እግዚአብሔር እንድትስቅ እንዳደረጋት ሣራ ተናገረች
የአጋር ልጅ በይስሐቅ ሲያሾፍበት ሣራ አየችው
የአጋር ልጅ ከይስሐቅ ጋር ስለማይወርስ አጋርንና ልጇን እንዲሰዳቸው ሣራ ለአብርሃም ነገረችው
አብርሃም በሣራ ፍላጎት አዘነ
አብርሃም ሣራን እንዲሰማት እግዚአብሔር ነገረው
አጋርና ልጇ ወደ ምድረበዳ ሄዱ
እግዚአብሔር የአጋርን ልጅ ታላቅ ሕዝብ እንደሚያደርገው ተናገረ
እግዚአብሔር የአጋርን ዓይኖች ከፈተና የውሃ ጉድጓድ አየች
የአጋር ልጅ ቀስተኛ ሆነ፣ እናቱም ከግብፅ ሚስት አመጣችለት
የአጋር ልጅ ቀስተኛ ሆነ፣ እናቱም ከግብፅ ሚስት አመጣችለት
አቢሜሌክ፣ አብርሃም በእርሱ ወይም በልጆቹ ወይም በዘሮቹ ክፉ ላለማድረግ እንዲምልለት ፈለገ፡፡ አቢሜሌክ ለአብርሃም ያሳየውን ቸርነት አብርሃምም ለእርሱ እንዲያደርግለት ጠየቀው
አብርሃም የአቢሜሌክ ባሪያዎች ስለ ወሰዱበት የውሃ ጉድጓድ ቅሬታውን ለአቢሜሌክ አቀረበ
የተከራከሩበትን ጉድጓድ የቆፈረው እርሱ ለመሆኑ ምስክር እንዲሆኑ አብርሃም ሰባት ቄቦች በጎችን ለአቢሜሌክ ላከ
የተከራከሩበትን ጉድጓድ የቆፈረው እርሱ ለመሆኑ ምስክር እንዲሆኑ አብርሃም ሰባት ቄቦች በጎችን ለአቢሜሌክ ላከ
የተከራከሩበትን ጉድጓድ የቆፈረው እርሱ ለመሆኑ ምስክር እንዲሆኑ አብርሃም ሰባት ቄቦች በጎችን ለአቢሜሌክ ላከ
አቢሜሌክ የተመለሰው ወደ ፍልስኤማውያን ምድር ነበር
አብርሃም የዘላለሙን እግዚአብሔር አምላክ አመለከ
አብርሃም በፍልስጥኤማውያን ምድር ለብዙ ቀናት ኖረ
እግዚአብሔር፣ ወደ ሞሪያም ምድር እንዲሄድና ይስሐቅን የሚቃጠል መሥዋዕት አድርጎ እንዲያቀርብ ለአብርሃም ነገረው
እግዚአብሔር፣ ወደ ሞሪያም ምድር እንዲሄድና ይስሐቅን የሚቃጠል መሥዋዕት አድርጎ እንዲያቀርብ ለአብርሃም ነገረው
አብርሃም በማለዳ ተነሥቶ እግዚአብሔር ወደ ተናገረው ቦታ ሄደ
አብርሃም ለሁለቱ ሎሌዎቹ የነገራቸው እርሱና ይስሐቅ ሰግደው እንደሚመለሱ ነገራቸው
ይስሐቅ አብርሃምን፣ "የመሥዋዕቱ በግ የት አለ?" ብሎ ጠየቀው
አብርሃም፣ የመሥዋዕቱን በግ እግዚአብሔር ራሱ ያዘጋጃል አለ
አብርሃም ይስሐቅን አስሮ በመሠዊያው ላይ በማጋደም የሚቃጠል መሥዋዕት አድርጎ አቀረበው
የእግዚአብሔር አምላክ መልአክ አብርሃም በይስሐቅ ላይ አንዳች እንዳያደርግ ነገረው
መልአኩ፣ አሁን አብርሃም እግዚአብሔርን እንደሚፈራ ማወቁን ተናገረ
ከአብርሃም ጀርባ በቁጥቋጦ የተያዘ በግ ነበረ፣ አብርሃምም ወስዶ የሚቃጠል መሥዋዕት አደረገው
አብርሃም ቦታውን፣ "እግዚአብሔር አምላክ ያዘጋጃል" ብሎ ጠራው
የእግዚአብሔር አምላክ መልአክ፣ አብርሃም አንድ ልጁን ስላልከለከለ እንደሚባርከው ተናገረ
የእግዚአብሔር አምላክ መልአክ፣ አብርሃም አንድ ልጁን ስላልከለከለ እንደሚባርከው ተናገረ
የምድር ሕዝቦች ሁሉ በአብርሃም ዘር ይባረካሉ፣ ምክንያቱም፣ አብርሃም የእግዚአብሔር አምላክ መልአክን ድምፅ ታዟልና
ሣራ በሞተች ጊዜ፣ አብርሃም በመጀመሪያ ስለ እርሷ አዘነ፣ አለቀሰም
አብርሃም ለመቃብር ቦታ የሚሆን ርስት ጠየቃቸው
አብርሃም ለመቃብር ቦታ የሚሆን ርስት ጠየቃቸው
የኬጢ ልጆች ከመቃብር ስፍራዎቻቸው የተመረጠውን ቦታ ለአብርሃም ሰጡት
የኬጢ ልጆች ከመቃብር ስፍራዎቻቸው የተመረጠውን ቦታ ለአብርሃም ሰጡት
ኤፍሮን ዋሻውንና በአጠገቡ ያለውን እርሻ ለአብርሃም ለመስጠት ፈቃደኛ መሆኑን አስታወቀ
ኤፍሮን ዋሻውንና በአጠገቡ ያለውን እርሻ ለአብርሃም ለመስጠት ፈቃደኛ መሆኑን አስታወቀ
ስለ ዋሻውና ስለ እርሻው አብርሃም ለመክፈል አሳብ አቀረበ
ስለ ዋሻውና ስለ እርሻው አብርሃም ለመክፈል አሳብ አቀረበ
ኤፍሮን ለእርሻውና ለዋሻው አራት መቶ ሰቅል ብር ጠየቀ
አብርሃም ለጥቂት መሬት አራት መቶ ሰቅል ብር ለአፍሮን ከፈለው
ኤፍሮን ለእርሻውና ለዋሻው አራት መቶ ሰቅል ብር ጠየቀ
አብርሃም ለጥቂት መሬት አራት መቶ ሰቅል ብር ለአፍሮን ከፈለው
አብርሃም ለጥቂት መሬት አራት መቶ ሰቅል ብር ለአፍሮን ከፈለው
እርሻው፣ ዋሻው፣ በእርሻውና በወሰኑ ዙሪያ ያሉት ዛፎች አብርሃም በገዛው በኤፍሮን እርሻ ግዢ ውስጥ ተካትተው ነበር
እርሻው፣ ዋሻው፣ በእርሻውና በወሰኑ ዙሪያ ያሉት ዛፎች አብርሃም በገዛው በኤፍሮን እርሻ ግዢ ውስጥ ተካትተው ነበር
ከዚያም አብርሃም ሣራን በዋሻው ውስጥ ቀበራት
አብርሃም፣ ለይስሐቅ ከዘመዶቹ መካከል ሚስት እንዲያመጣለት ሽማግሌ አገልጋዩን አስማለው
አብርሃም፣ ለይስሐቅ ከዘመዶቹ መካከል ሚስት እንዲያመጣለት ሽማግሌ አገልጋዩን አስማለው
አብርሃም፣ ለይስሐቅ ከዘመዶቹ መካከል ሚስት እንዲያመጣለት ሽማግሌ አገልጋዩን አስማለው
አገልጋዩ ይስሐቅን አብርሃም ወደ መጣበት አገር እንዳይመልሰው አብርሃም አስጠነቀቀው
አገልጋዩ ይስሐቅን አብርሃም ወደ መጣበት አገር እንዳይመልሰው አብርሃም አስጠነቀቀው
እንስራዋን አዘንብላ ውሃ እንድታጠጣው ሲጠይቃት እንዲሁ የምታደርግና ግመሎችንም ደግሞ የምታጠጣ ያቺ ሴት እንድትሆን አገልጋዩ ጠየቀ
እንስራዋን አዘንብላ ውሃ እንድታጠጣው ሲጠይቃት እንዲሁ የምታደርግና ግመሎችንም ደግሞ የምታጠጣ ያቺ ሴት እንድትሆን አገልጋዩ ጠየቀ
እንስራዋን አዘንብላ ውሃ እንድታጠጣው ሲጠይቃት እንዲሁ የምታደርግና ግመሎችንም ደግሞ የምታጠጣ ያቺ ሴት እንድትሆን አገልጋዩ ጠየቀ
ርብቃ የአብርሃም ወንድም የልጁ ልጅ ነበረች
ርብቃ ለአገልጋዩ ውሃ እንዲጠጣ ሰጠችው
ርብቃ ለአገልጋዩ ውሃ እንዲጠጣ ሰጠችው
ርብቃ ለአገልጋዩ ውሃ እንዲጠጣ ሰጠችው
ርብቃ ለአገልጋዩ ውሃ ሰጥታው ካበቃች በኋላ፣ "ለግመሎችህ ደግሞ ሁሉም እስኪረኩ ድረስ ውኃ እቀዳለሁ" አለችው
አገልጋዩ ለእግዚአብሔር አምላክ ሰገደ፣ ባረከውም
አገልጋዩ ለእግዚአብሔር አምላክ ሰገደ፣ ባረከውም
ላባ የርብቃ ወንድም ነበር
ላባ የአብርሃምን አገልጋይ በቤቱ እንዲያድር ጋበዘው
የአብርሃም አገልጋይ የመጣበትን ምክንያት ሳያስታውቅ እንደማይበላ አጥብቆ አሳሰበ
አብርሃም፣ እግዚአብሔር አምላክ መልአኩን ከአገልጋዩ ጋር በመላክ መንገዱን እንደሚያቀናለት ተናግሮ ነበር
የአብርሃም አገልጋይ ለርብቃ ለአፍንጫዋ የወርቅ ቀለበትና ለእጆቿ አምባሮች ሰጣት
ርብቃ ለአብርሃም ልጅ ሚስት ትሆነው ዘንድ አገልጋዩ ይዞአት እንዲሄድ ላባና ባቱኤል መፍቀዳቸውን ነገሩት
ርብቃ ለአብርሃም ልጅ ሚስት ትሆነው ዘንድ አገልጋዩ ይዞአት እንዲሄድ ላባና ባቱኤል መፍቀዳቸውን ነገሩት
አገልጋዩ ለእግዚአብሔር አምላክ ሰገደና ለርብቃ፣ ለወንድሟና ለእናቷ ስጦታ ሰጣቸው
አገልጋዩ ለእግዚአብሔር አምላክ ሰገደና ለርብቃ፣ ለወንድሟና ለእናቷ ስጦታ ሰጣቸው
በማግስቱ በተነሡ ጊዜ፣ የአብርሃም አገልጋይ ለተጨማሪ አሥር ቀናት ያህል ከእነርሱ ጋር እንዲቆይ ፈለጉ
በማግስቱ በተነሡ ጊዜ፣ የአብርሃም አገልጋይ ለተጨማሪ አሥር ቀናት ያህል ከእነርሱ ጋር እንዲቆይ ፈለጉ
ርብቃ ከአገልጋዩ ጋር ለመሄድ እንደምትፈልግ ተናገረች
ርብቃ ከአገልጋዩ ጋር ለመሄድ እንደምትፈልግ ተናገረች
ርብቃ ከአገልጋዩ ጋር ለመሄድ እንደምትፈልግ ተናገረች
የርብቃ ቤተሰቦች ርብቃ የሺዎችና የአሥር ሺዎች እናት እንድትሆንና የእርሷ ዘሮች የሚጠሉአቸውን ደጆች እንዲወርሱ ባረኳት
ይስሐቅ በልቡ እያሰላሰለ ሜዳ ላይ ነበር
ርብቃ ይስሐቅን ባየችው ጊዜ ከግመሏ ላይ ዘላ ወረደችና መሸፈኛ ወስዳ ተከናነበች
ርብቃ ይስሐቅን ባየችው ጊዜ ከግመሏ ላይ ዘላ ወረደችና መሸፈኛ ወስዳ ተከናነበች
ይስሐቅ ርብቃን ወደ እናቱ ወደ ሣራ ድንኳን አገባት፣ ርብቃንም ሚስቱ አድርጎ ወሰዳት
አብርሃም ኬጡራ የምትባል ሌላ ሚስት አገባ
አብርሃም ለቁባቶቹ ልጆች ስጦታ ሰጣቸው፣ የነበረውን ሁሉ ደግሞ ለይስሐቅ ሰጠው
አብርሃም ለቁባቶቹ ልጆች ስጦታ ሰጣቸው፣ የነበረውን ሁሉ ደግሞ ለይስሐቅ ሰጠው
አብርሃም አንድ መቶ ሰባ አምስት ዓመት ኖረ
ይስሐቅና እስማኤል ሁለቱም አብርሃምን ቀበሩት
አሥራ ሁለቱ የእስማኤል ልጆች እርስ በእርሳቸው በጠላትነት ኖሩ
ይስሐቅ ስለ ሚስቱ ወደ እግዚአብሔር አምላክ ጸለየ፣ እግዚአብሔርም ጸሎቱን ሰማው፣ ርብቃም ፀነሰች
ሁለት ሕዝቦች በማኅፀኗ ውስጥ እንዳሉ፣ አንደኛው ሕዝብ ከሁለተኛው እንደሚበረታና ታላቁ ታናሹን እንደሚያገለግል እግዚአብሔር አምላክ ተናገረ
በመጀመሪያ ኤሳው ተወለደ፣ እርሱ እንደ ፀጉራም ልብስ ሁለመናው ቀይ ነበር
ቀጥሎ የተወለደው ያዕቆብ ነበር፣ በሚወለድበት ጊዜ የኤሳውን ተረከዝ ይዞ ነበር
ኤሳው አደን የሚያውቅ የበረሃ ሰው ሆነ
ያዕቆብ ጊዜውን በድንኳን ውስጥ የሚያሳልፍ ጭምት ሰው ነበር
ይስሐቅ ኤሳውን ወደደው፣ ርብቃ ደግሞ ያዕቆብን
ኤዶም የኤሳው ሌላ ስሙ ነበር
ያዕቆብ፣ በቀይ ወጡ ምትክ ኤሳው ብኩርናውን እንዲሰጠው ጠየቀ
ኤሳው ማለለትና ብኩርናውን ለያዕቆብ ሸጠ
ለያዕቆብ ጥያቄ እንዲህ ያለ ምላሽ በሰጠ ጊዜ ኤሳው ብኩርናውን አቃለለ
በምድሪቱ ረሃብ ስለ ነበረ ይስሐቅ ወደ ጌራራ ሄደ
እግዚአብሔር አምላክ፣ ይስሐቅ ወደ ግብፅ እንዳይሄድና እርሱ እስኪነግረው ድረስ በምድሪቱ እንዲቆይ ነግሮት ነበር
እግዚአብሔር አምላክ ለአብርሃም የማለለትን መሐላ ለይስሐቅ እንደሚፈጽምለት ነገረው
እግዚአብሔር አምላክ ይህንን እንደሚያደርግ የተናገረው አብርሃም ድምፁን ስለታዘዘና ፍርዱን፣ ትዕዛዙን፣ ሥርዓቱንና ሕጉን ስለ ጠበቀ ነው
ርብቃ እህቱ መሆኗን ይስሐቅ ለጌራራ ሰዎች ነገራቸው
በይስሐቅ ውሸት ምክንያት አንድ ሰው ከርብቃ ጋር ሊተኛና በሕዝቡ ላይ ኃጢአት ሊያመጣ ነበር
በይስሐቅ ውሸት ምክንያት አንድ ሰው ከርብቃ ጋር ሊተኛና በሕዝቡ ላይ ኃጢአት ሊያመጣ ነበር
ርብቃን የሚነካ ማንም ቢሆን እንዲገደል አቢሜሌክ ትዕዛዝ ሰጠ
አቢሜሌክ፣ ይስሐቅ ፍልስጥኤምን ለቆ እንዲሄድለት ጠየቀው፣ ምክንያቱም "...ከእኛ ይልቅ እጅግ በርትተሃልና" አለው
በአብርሃም ዘመን ተቆፍረው የነበሩትን የውሃ ጉድጓዶች ይስሐቅ መቆፈር ነበረበት፣ ምክንያቱም አብርሃም ከሞተ በኋላ ፍልስጥኤማውያን አስቁመዋቸው ነበር
ይስሐቅ የጌራራ እረኞች ከእርሱ ጋር ያልተጣሉበትን ጉድጓድ ርኆቦት ብሎ ጠራው?
እግዚአብሔር አምላክ እንደሚባርከውና ዘሩን እንደሚያበዛለት እንደ ገና አጸናለት
እግዚአብሔር አምላክ እንደሚባርከውና ዘሩን እንደሚያበዛለት እንደ ገና አጸናለት
እግዚአብሔር አምላክ ከይስሐቅ ጋር እንደሆነ ስላየ አቢሜሌክ፣ እርስ በእርሳቸው እንዳይጎዳዱ ቃል ኪዳን ለማድረግ ፈለገ
እግዚአብሔር አምላክ ከይስሐቅ ጋር እንደሆነ ስላየ አቢሜሌክ፣ እርስ በእርሳቸው እንዳይጎዳዱ ቃል ኪዳን ለማድረግ ፈለገ
ይስሐቅ ማዕድ አቀረበላቸው፣ እርስ በርሳቸውም ተማማሉ
ይስሐቅ ማዕድ አቀረበላቸው፣ እርስ በርሳቸውም ተማማሉ
ሁለቱ የኤሳው ሚስቶች ኬጢያውያን ነበሩ
የኤሳው ሚስቶች ይስሐቅንና ርብቃን ያሳዝኑ ነበር
ይስሐቅ በሸመገለ ጊዜ ማየት ተሳነው
ይስሐቅ፣ ወደ አደን እንዲሄድና በልቶ ይባርከው ዘንድ እርሱ እንደሚወደው ዓይነት የጣፈጠ መብል እንዲያዘጋጅለት ኤሳውን ጠየቀው
እንደሚወደው ዓይነት የጣፈጠ መብል እንዲያዘጋጅለት ኤሳውን ጠየቀው
ርብቃ፣ ይስሐቅ እንደሚወደው አድርጋ ምግብ ታዘጋጅለት ዘንድ ያዕቆብ ሄዶ ሁለት ፍየሎች እንዲያመጣና ምግቡን ለይስሐቅ በማቅረብ በረከቱን እንዲቀበል ነገረችው
ርብቃ፣ ይስሐቅ እንደሚወደው አድርጋ ምግብ ታዘጋጅለት ዘንድ ያዕቆብ ሄዶ ሁለት ፍየሎች እንዲያመጣና ምግቡን ለይስሐቅ በማቅረብ በረከቱን እንዲቀበል ነገረችው
ርብቃ፣ ይስሐቅ እንደሚወደው አድርጋ ምግብ ታዘጋጅለት ዘንድ ያዕቆብ ሄዶ ሁለት ፍየሎች እንዲያመጣና ምግቡን ለይስሐቅ በማቅረብ በረከቱን እንዲቀበል ነገረችው
ኤሳው ጸጉራም ሲሆን ያዕቆብ ለስላሳ በመሆኑና ይስሐቅ ቢዳስሰውና እንዳታለለው ቢያውቅ እርሱን እንዳይረግመው ፈርቶ ነበር
ኤሳው ጸጉራም ሲሆን ያዕቆብ ለስላሳ በመሆኑና ይስሐቅ ቢዳስሰውና እንዳታለለው ቢያውቅ እርሱን እንዳይረግመው ፈርቶ ነበር
ርብቃ የኤሳውን ልብሶች ለያዕቆብ አለበሰችው፣ የፍየሉን ቆዳም በእጆቹና በአንገቱ ላይ አደረገችለት
ርብቃ የኤሳውን ልብሶች ለያዕቆብ አለበሰችው፣ የፍየሉን ቆዳም በእጆቹና በአንገቱ ላይ አደረገችለት
እግዚአብሔር አምላክ፣ የይስሐቅ አምላክ ታዳኙን እንስሳ ወደ እርሱ እንዳቀረበው ያዕቆብ ተናገረ
ይስሐቅ የያዕቆብን እጆች ዳሰሰና በፍየል ቆዳው ምክንያት ጸጉራምነቱን አስተዋለ
ይስሐቅ የያዕቆብን እጆች ዳሰሰና በፍየል ቆዳው ምክንያት ጸጉራምነቱን አስተዋለ
ያዕቆብ፣ "እኔ ነኝ" አለ
ያዕቆብ ይስሐቅን ሊስመው በተጠጋው ጊዜ ይስሐቅ የኤሳውን ልብሶች አሸተተ
ያዕቆብ ይስሐቅን ሊስመው በተጠጋው ጊዜ ይስሐቅ የኤሳውን ልብሶች አሸተተ
ለያዕቆብ ሕዝቦችና የእናቱ ልጆችም እንደሚሰግዱለት ይስሐቅ ተነገረ
ኤሳው ከአደን መጣ፣ ምግብ አዘጋጅቶም ለይስሐቅ አቀረበለት
ኤሳው ከአደን መጣ፣ ምግብ አዘጋጅቶም ለይስሐቅ አቀረበለት
ይስሐቅ፣ ያዕቆብ አታልሎ የኤሳውን በረከት መውሰዱን ተናገረ
ይስሐቅ፣ ያዕቆብ አታልሎ የኤሳውን በረከት መውሰዱን ተናገረ
ያዕቆብ በብኩርናውና በበረከቱ እንዳታለለው ኤሳው ተናገረ
ኤሳው በምድር ስብ እንደሚኖር፣ ወንድሙን እንደሚያገለግል፣ ነገር ግን በተቃወመ ጊዜ የያዕቆብን ቀንበር ከአንገቱ ላይ እንደሚጥል ይስሐቅ ተናገረ
ኤሳው በምድር ስብ እንደሚኖር፣ ወንድሙን እንደሚያገለግል፣ ነገር ግን በተቃወመ ጊዜ የያዕቆብን ቀንበር ከአንገቱ ላይ እንደሚጥል ይስሐቅ ተናገረ
ኤሳው ከይስሐቅ ሞት በኋላ ያዕቆብን ለመግደል ወሰነ
ርብቃ ያዕቆብን በካራን ወደሚኖረው ወደ ወንድሟ ላባ ላከችው
ያዕቆብ ከነዓናዊት ሚስት እንዳያገባ ይስሐቅ አዘዘው
ይስሐቅ፣ ከርብቃ ወንድም ከላባ ልጆች ሚስት እንዲያገባ ለያዕቆብ ነገረው
ይስሐቅ እግዚአብሔርን የጠየቀው የአብርሃምን በረከት ለያዕቆብ እንዲሰጠው ነበር
ኤሳው ከአብርሃም ልጅ ከእስማኤል ሴቶች ልጆች አንዷን ሚስት አድርጎ ወሰዳት
ኤሳው ከአብርሃም ልጅ ከእስማኤል ሴቶች ልጆች አንዷን ሚስት አድርጎ ወሰዳት
ያዕቆብ፣ ከምድር እስከ ሰማይ የሚደርስ መሰላል፣ በእርሱም ላይ መላእክት ሲወጡና ሲወርዱበት፣ እግዚአብሔር አምላክም በላዩ ላይ ቆሞበት አየ
ያዕቆብ፣ ከምድር እስከ ሰማይ የሚደርስ መሰላል፣ በእርሱም ላይ መላእክት ሲወጡና ሲወርዱበት፣ እግዚአብሔር አምላክም በላዩ ላይ ቆሞበት አየ
ያዕቆብ ተኝቶበት የነበረው ምድር ለእርሱና ለዘሩ መሰጠቱን እግዚአብሔር አምላክ ተናገረ
እግዚአብሔር አምላክ የአብርሃምን በረከት ለያዕቆብ ሰጠው
ስፍራው የእግዚአብሔር ቤትና የሰማይ ደጅ መሆኑን ያዕቆብ ተናገረ
ያዕቆብ ቤቴል ብሎ ጠራው
ያዕቆብ፣ እግዚአብሔር አምላክ ከእርሱ ጋር መሆን፣ በሚሄድበት መንገድ መጠበቅና ወደ አባቱ ቤት በሰላም መመለስ አለበት አለ
ያዕቆብ፣ እግዚአብሔር አምላክ ከእርሱ ጋር መሆን፣ በሚሄድበት መንገድ መጠበቅና ወደ አባቱ ቤት በሰላም መመለስ አለበት አለ
እግዚአብሔር አምላክ ከሰጠው ነገር ሁሉ ከአሥር አንዱን መልሶ ለእግዚአብሔር እንደሚሰጥ ያዕቆብ ቃል ገባ
ሰዎቹ ከካራን ነበሩ
የላባ ልጅ ራሔል ደግሞ ከበጎች መንጋ ጋር ወደ ውሃው ጉድጓድ መጣች
ያዕቆብ ከጉድጓዱ አፍ ድንጋዩን ገለበጠና በጎቹን አጠጣ
ያዕቆብ የአባቷ ዘመድ መሆኑን ለራሔል ነገራት፣ ራሔልም እየሮጠች ሄደችና ለአባቷ ነገረችው
ላባ ያዕቆብን ለመገናኘት ሮጠ፣ አቀፈውና ሳመው፣ ወደ ቤቱም አመጣው
ልያ ታላቂቱ ልጅ ስትሆን ዓይነ ልም ነበረች፣ ራሔል ግን ታናሽ፣ መልከ መልካምና ውብ ነበረች
ልያ ታላቂቱ ልጅ ስትሆን ዓይነ ልም ነበረች፣ ራሔል ግን ታናሽ፣ መልከ መልካምና ውብ ነበረች
ያዕቆብ ስለ ራሔል ለሰባት አመታት ላባን እንዲያገለግለው ተስማሙ
ያዕቆብ ራሔልን ይወዳት ስለ ነበር ሰባቱ አመት እንደ ጥቂት ቀናት ብቻ ሆኑለት
በሠርጉ ምሽት ላባ ራሔልን ሳይሆን ልያን ለያዕቆብ ሰጠው
በሠርጉ ምሽት ላባ ራሔልን ሳይሆን ልያን ለያዕቆብ ሰጠው
ላባ ልጁን ልያን እንድታገለግላት ሴት ባሪያውን ዘለፋን ሰጣት
በሠርጉ ምሽት ላባ ራሔልን ሳይሆን ልያን ለያዕቆብ ሰጠው
ታላቂቱ እያለች ታናሽቱን መዳር ባህላቸው ያለመሆኑን ላባ ተናገረ
ያዕቆብ ስለ ራሔል ለሰባት አመታት ላባን እንዲያገለግለው ተስማሙ
ላባ ልጁን ራሔልን ታገለግላት ዘንድ ባላን ሰጣት
እግዚአብሔር አምላክ ልያን እንድትፀንስ አደረጋት፣ ራሔል ግን ልጅ አልነበራትም
ልያ ወንዶች ልጆች ከወለደችለት ያዕቆብ እንደሚወዳት ተስፋ አደረገች
የልያ የመጀመሪያው ወንድ ልጅ ስሙ ሮቤል ነበር
ልያ ይሁዳን ከወለደች በኋላ፣ "በዚህ ጊዜ እግዚአብሔር አምላክን አመሰግናለሁ" አለች
እንደ ያዕቆብ አባባል ራሔል ልጅ ሳይኖራት እንድትቆይ ያደረጋት እግዚአብሔር ነበር
ራሔል በእርሷ ምትክ ልጆች እንዲኖሯት አገልጋይዋን ባላን ለያዕቆብ ሰጠችው
አገልጋይዋ ባላ ለያዕቆብ ሁለት ወንድ ልጆችን ስለ ወለደችለት ራሔል እንዳሸነፈች ተናገረች
አገልጋይዋ ባላ ለያዕቆብ ሁለት ወንድ ልጆችን ስለ ወለደችለት ራሔል እንዳሸነፈች ተናገረች
ልያ በእርሷ አማካይነት ልጆች እንዲኖሩዋት አገልጋይዋን ዘለፋን ለያዕቆብ ሰጠችው
ልያ "ጉድ" ያለችው አገልጋይዋ ዘለፋ ለያዕቆብ ወንድ ልጅ ስለ ወለደች ነበር
ልያ "ጉድ" ያለችው አገልጋይዋ ዘለፋ ለያዕቆብ ወንድ ልጅ ስለ ወለደች ነበር
በሮቤል እንኮይ ምክንያት በልዋጩ ልያ ከያዕቆብ ጋር እንድትተኛ ራሔል አሳብ አቀረበች
በሮቤል እንኮይ ምክንያት በልዋጩ ልያ ከያዕቆብ ጋር እንድትተኛ ራሔል አሳብ አቀረበች
ልያ ስድስት ወንዶች ልጆችን ለያዕቆብ ወለደችለት
ራሔል ለያዕቆብ ወንድ ልጅ በወለደችለት ጊዜ ስድቧ መወገዱን ተናገረች
ያዕቆብ ከቤተሰቡ ጋር ወደ ገዛ አገሩና ቤቱ ለመመለስ ላባ እንዲፈቅድለት ጠየቀው
እግዚአብሔር አምላክ በያዕቆብ ምክንያት ላባን ባርኮት ስለ ነበረ ነው
ያዕቆብ ከሚጠብቀው መንጋ ዥንጉርጉር፣ ነቁጣ ያለባቸውንና ጥቁር በጎችን፣ ከፍየሎቹም ዥንጉርጉርና ነቁጣ ያለባቸውን ወሰደ
ላባ፣ መንጋውን እንዲጠብቅለት ለያዕቆብ ከመስጠቱ በፊት በመጀመሪያ የያዕቆብ ድርሻ መሆን የሚገባቸውን እንስሶች ለይቶ አስቀራቸው
ላባ፣ መንጋውን እንዲጠብቅለት ለያዕቆብ ከመስጠቱ በፊት በመጀመሪያ የያዕቆብ ድርሻ መሆን የሚገባቸውን እንስሶች ለይቶ አስቀራቸው
ያዕቆብ ልብን፣ ለውዝ፣ ኤርሞን የሚባሉ እንጨቶችን ቅርንጫፍ በመላጥ ሽመልመሌ መልክ እንዲኖራቸው አደረገ
ያዕቆብ መንጋው ውሃ ለመጠጣት በሚመጡበት ጊዜ በፊት ለፊታቸው በውሃ ማጠጫ ገንዳው ውስጥ ሽመልመሌዎቹን በትሮች አስቀመጣቸው
መንጋዎቹ በበትሮቹ ፊት በጸነሱ ጊዜ ሽመልመሌ መሳይ፣ ዥንጉርጉርና ነቁጣ ያለባቸውን ወለዱ
በውጤቱም የላባ መንጋዎች ሲደክሙ የያዕቆብ በረቱ
ላባና ወንዶች ልጆቹ ያዕቆብ ሀብቱን ሁሉ ያገኘው ከላባ ንብረት ነው ብለው አመኑ
ላባና ወንዶች ልጆቹ ያዕቆብ ሀብቱን ሁሉ ያገኘው ከላባ ንብረት ነው ብለው አመኑ
ያዕቆብ ወደ አባቶቹና ወደ ዘመዶቹ ምድር እንዲመለስ እግዚአብሔር አምላክ መመሪያ ሰጠው
እግዚአብሔር፣ የያዕቆብ ደሞዝ የሆኑትን እንስሶች ዥንጉርጉርና ነቁጣ ያለባቸው እንዲሆኑ አደረጋቸው
እግዚአብሔር፣ የያዕቆብ ደሞዝ የሆኑትን እንስሶች ዥንጉርጉርና ነቁጣ ያለባቸው እንዲሆኑ አደረጋቸው
ራሔልና ልያ፣ ላባ እንደ ባዕዳን እንደ ቆጠራቸውና ሽጧቸው ገንዘባቸውን እንደ በላ ተናገሩ
ራሔልና ልያ፣ ላባ እንደ ባዕዳን እንደ ቆጠራቸውና ሽጧቸው ገንዘባቸውን እንደ በላ ተናገሩ
ራሔል የአባቷን ቤተሰብ አማልክት ሰረቀች
ያዕቆብ መሄዱን ለላባ ባለ መንገር አታለለው
ላባ ዘመዶቹን ሰብስቦ ሰባት ቀን ያህል ያዕቆብን ተከታተለው
ላባ ዘመዶቹን ሰብስቦ ሰባት ቀን ያህል ያዕቆብን ተከታተለው
ያዕቆብን በጎም ይሁን ክፉ እንዳይናገረው እግዚአብሔር ለላባ ነገረው
ላባ ልጆቹን በኃይል የሚወስድበት መስሎት ስለ ፈራ በድብቅ መኮብለሉን ያዕቆብ ተናገረ
ያዕቆብ፣ የላባን ቤተሰብ አማልክት የሰረቀ ማንም ቢሆን ይሙት አለ
ራሔል ስለ ተቀመጠችባቸውና የወር አበባዋ ወቅት ላይ በመሆኗ ለመነሣት አለመቻሏን ስለ ተናገረች ላባ የቤተ ሰቡን አማልክት ለማግኘት አልቻለም
ራሔል ስለ ተቀመጠችባቸውና የወር አበባዋ ወቅት ላይ በመሆኗ ለመነሣት አለመቻሏን ስለ ተናገረች ላባ የቤተ ሰቡን አማልክት ለማግኘት አልቻለም
ያዕቆብ ለሃያ አመታት ላባን አገለገለ፣ ላባም ደሞዙን አሥር ጊዜ ለዋውጦት ነበር
ላባ የሚያየው የያዕቆብ ንብረት ሁሉ የእርሱ መሆኑን ተናገረ
ያዕቆብና ላባ ቃል ኪዳን በተገባቡበት ስፍራ ላይ የድንጋይ ሐውልት በማቆም ምልክት አደረጉ
በያዕቆብና በላባ መካከል የተደረገው ቃል ኪዳን እንዲጠበቅ ምስክር ሆኖ የተጠራው እግዚአብሔር ነበር?
በያዕቆብና በላባ መካከል የተደረገው ቃል ኪዳን እንዲጠበቅ ምስክር ሆኖ የተጠራው እግዚአብሔር ነበር
ላባም ሆነ ያዕቆብ ክምሩን ወይም ሐውልቱን በማለፍ አንዱ ሌላውን እንዳይጎዳ ለገቡት ቃል ኪዳን ምስክር ነበሩ
ያዕቆብና ላባ እርስ በእርሳቸው የተስማሙት የድንጋይ ክምሩን በማለፍ አንዱ ሌላውን እንዳይጎዳ ነበር
ላባም ሆነ ያዕቆብ ክምሩን ወይም ሐውልቱን በማለፍ አንዱ ሌላውን እንዳይጎዳ ለገቡት ቃል ኪዳን ምስክር ነበሩ
ያዕቆብ በቃል ኪዳኑ መስማማቱን ለማሳየት አባቱ ይስሐቅ በሚፈራው በእግዚአብሔር ማለ
ላባ ተነሣ፣ ሴት ልጆቹንና የልጅ ልጆቹን ሳማቸውና ባረካቸው፣ ወደ ቤቱም ተመለሰ
ያዕቆብ ወደ ከነዓን በመጓዝ ላይ እያለ መልዕክት የላከው ወደ ወንድሙ ወደ ኤሳው ነበር
ያዕቆብ በኤሳው ፊት ሞገስን ለማግኘት ፈልጎ ነበር
ያዕቆብ ፈርቶ ነበር፣ በመሆኑም ኤሳው አንደኛውን ቡድን ቢያጠቃ ሌላኛው እንዲያመልጥ የእርሱን ሰዎች በሁለት ቡድኖች ከፈላቸው
ያዕቆብ ፈርቶ ነበር፣ በመሆኑም ኤሳው አንደኛውን ቡድን ቢያጠቃ ሌላኛው እንዲያመልጥ የእርሱን ሰዎች በሁለት ቡድኖች ከፈላቸው
ያዕቆብ፣ እግዚአብሔር አምላክ ከኤሳው እጅ እንዲያድነው ለመነ
ያዕቆብ እግዚአብሔር አምላክን ያሳሰበው፣ ያዕቆብን ለማበልጸግና ዘሩን እንደ ባህር አሸዋ ለማብዛት የሰጠውን ተስፋ ነበር
ያዕቆብ በሚልክለት ስጦታ ምናልባት የኤሳውን ቁጣ ማብረድ እንደሚችልና ባየው ጊዜም ኤሳው እንደሚቀበለው አስቦ ነበር
ያዕቆብ ሚስቶቹን፣ ሴት አገልጋዮቹንና ልጆቹን ወስዶ የያቦቅን ወንዝ አሻገራቸው
ያዕቆብ ጎሕ እስኪቀድ ድረስ ከአንድ ሰው ጋር ታገለ
ሰውየው የያዕቆብን ሹሉዳ መታውና ውልቃት እንዲደርስበት አደረገው
ሰውየው እንዲባርከው ያዕቆብ ጠየቀ
ሰውየው፣ አሁን የያዕቆብ ስሙ እስራኤል መሆን አለበት አለ
ያዕቆብ፣ በዚያ ምሽት እግዚአብሔርን ፊት ለፊት እንዳየው ተናገረ
ያዕቆብ ሴት አገልጋዮቹን በመጀመሪያ፣ ከዚያም ልያን፣ ከዚያም ራሔልን አደረገ
ያዕቆብ ሴት አገልጋዮቹን በመጀመሪያ፣ ከዚያም ልያን፣ ከዚያም ራሔልን አደረገ
ያዕቆብ ወደ ወንድሙ በመቅረብ ላይ እያለ ሰባት ጊዜ ወደ ምድር ሰገደ
ኤሳው ያዕቆብን ለመገናኘት ሮጠ፣ አቀፈው፣ አንገቱንም ይዞ ሳመው
ኤሳው፣ ለእርሱ ያለው በቂ በመሆኑ ያዕቆብ ለራሱ እንዲያቆያቸው ነገረው
ያዕቆብ፣ እግዚአብሔር በቸርነት ስለ ሰጠውና ብዙ ስላለው ኤሳው ስጦታውን መቀበል እንዳለበት ተናገረ
ያዕቆብ፣ ኤሳው ቀድሞት እንዲሄድ የፈለገበትን ምክንያት ሲናገር ከብቶቹ በችኮላ ከተነዱ ይሞታሉ አለ
ኤሳው ቀድሞት እንዲሄድ የፈለገበትን ምክንያት ሲናገር ከብቶቹ በችኮላ ከተነዱ ይሞታሉ አለ
ኤሳው ቀድሞት እንዲሄድ የፈለገበትን ምክንያት ሲናገር ከብቶቹ በችኮላ ከተነዱ ይሞታሉ አለ
ያዕቆብ የተናገረው፣ ቤተ ሰቡንና ከብቶቹን ወደ ሴይር እንደሚያመጣቸው ነበር
ያዕቆብ የተጓዘው ለራሱ ቤት ወደ ሠራበት ወደ ሱኮት ተጓዘ
ያዕቆብ ትንሽ መሬት ወደ ገዛበት ወደ ተጓዘ
ያዕቆብ ትንሽ መሬት ወደ ገዛበት ወደ ተጓዘ
ሴኬም ዲናን ወሰዳት፣ ከእርስዋም ጋር ተኛ፣ አስነወራትም
ልጆቹ ከመስክ እስኪመጡ ድረስ ያዕቆብ ዝም አለ
የያዕቆብ ወንዶች ልጆች በጣም ተቆጡ
ዲና ለሴኬም ሚስት እንድትሆነው እንዲሰጥና የያዕቆብ ቤተሰቦች ከኤሞር ቤተሰቦች ጋር እንዲጋቡ ያዕቆብ እንዲፈቅድ ኤሞር ፈለገ
ዲና ለሴኬም ሚስት እንድትሆነው እንዲሰጥና የያዕቆብ ቤተሰቦች ከኤሞር ቤተሰቦች ጋር እንዲጋቡ ያዕቆብ እንዲፈቅድ ኤሞር ፈለገ
ያዕቆብ የሚጠይቀውን ያህል ብዙ ጥሎሽ እንደሚከፍል ሴኬም ተናገረ
ሴኬም ዲናን ስላስነወራት የያዕቆብ ልጆች ለሴኬም በተንኮል መለሱለት
የያዕቆብ ወንዶች ልጆች ከኤሞር ቤተሰቦች ጋር ለመጋባት ከመስማማታቸው በፊት ወንዶቹ ሁሉ እንዲገረዙ ጠየቁ
ከያዕቆብ ቤተሰብ ጋር ከተጋቡ የያዕቆብ ከብቶች፣ ንብረቶቹና እንስሶቹ በሙሉ የእነርሱ እንደሚሆኑ ተናገሩ
የኤሞር ከተማ ሰዎች ኤሞርንና ሴኬምን ሰሟቸውና ወንዶቹ ሁሉ ተገረዙ
ስምዖንና ሌዊ በኤሞር ከተማ የሚኖሩትን ወንዶች በሙሉ ገደሏቸው
የያዕቆብ ወንዶች ልጆቹ በሙሉ ከተማይቱን ዘረፉ፣ ሀብታቸውን ሁሉ ወሰዱ፣ ሕፃናቶቻቸውንና ሚስቶቻቸውንም ማረኩ
የያዕቆብ ወንዶች ልጆቹ በሙሉ ከተማይቱን ዘረፉ፣ ሀብታቸውን ሁሉ ወሰዱ፣ ሕፃናቶቻቸውንና ሚስቶቻቸውንም ማረኩ
የያዕቆብ ወንዶች ልጆቹ በሙሉ ከተማይቱን ዘረፉ፣ ሀብታቸውን ሁሉ ወሰዱ፣ ሕፃናቶቻቸውንና ሚስቶቻቸውንም ማረኩ
አሁን የአገሪቱ ነዋሪዎች እርሱንና ወገኑን ሊያጠፉ ነውና ስምዖንና ሌዊ መከራ እንዳመጡበት ያዕቆብ ተናገረ
ልክ በጋለሞታ እንደሚደረገው ሴኬም በእህታቸው በዲና ላይ በማድረጉ ምክንያት ይህንን እንዳደረጉ ስምዖንና ሌዊ ተናገሩ
እግዚአብሔር፣ ያዕቆብ ወደ ቤቴል እንዲሄድና ለተገለጠለት አምላክ መሠዊያ እንዲሠራ ነገረው
ያዕቆብ፣ ባዕዳን አማልክትን እንዲያርቁ፣ ራሳቸውን እንዲያነጹና ልብሳቸውን እንዲለውጡ ለወገኖቹ ነገራቸው
በዙሪያቸው የሚገኙ ከተሞች ሰዎች እግዚአብሔርን ፈርተው ስለ ነበር አላሳደዷቸውም
ከኤሳው በሸሸበት ጊዜ እግዚአብሔር በዚያ ስፍራ ራሱን ገልጦለት ስለ ነበረ ያዕቆብ "ኤልቤቴል" ብሎ ጠራው
እግዚአብሔር እስራኤል የሚል አዲስ ስም ለያዕቆብ ሰጠው
ከዘሮቹ መካከል ነገሥታት የሚወጡበት ብዙ ሕዝብ እንደሚያደርገውና እግዚአብሔር ለአብርሃምና ለይስሐቅ ተስፋ የሰጠውን ምድር ለእርሱና ለዘሩ እንደሚሰጥ የገባለትን ቃል ለያዕቆብ እንደገና አረጋገጠለት
ራሔል ቢንያምን ለመውለድ በምታምጥበት ወቅት ሞተች
ራሔል ቢንያምን ለመውለድ በምታምጥበት ወቅት ሞተች
ሮቤል ከእስራኤል ቁባት ከባላ ጋር መተኛቱን እስራኤል ሰማ
ያዕቆብ አሥራ ሁለት ወንዶች ልጆች ነበሩት
ዮሴፍና ቢንያም የተወለዱት ከራሔል ነበር
ይስሐቅ አንድ መቶ ስምንት አመት ኖረ
ኤሳውና ያዕቆብ ይስሐቅን ቀበሩት
የኤሳው ትውልድ ኤዶም በመባል ደግሞ ይጠራ ነበር
ኤሳው ሚስቶቹን ያመጣው ከከነዓናውያን ነበር
ከከብቶቻቸው ብዛት የተነሣ ምድሪቱ ልትበቃቸው ስላልቻለች ኤሳው ከወንድሙ ከያዕቆብ ተለየ
ከከብቶቻቸው ብዛት የተነሣ ምድሪቱ ልትበቃቸው ስላልቻለች ኤሳው ከወንድሙ ከያዕቆብ ተለየ
ኤሳው በተራራማው አገር በሴይር ተቀመጠ
ከትምናዕ የተወለደው ልጅ ስሙ አማሌቅ ነበር
ከትምናዕ የተወለደው ልጅ ስሙ አማሌቅ ነበር
ከትምናዕ የተወለደው ልጅ ስሙ አማሌቅ ነበር
ኤዶም የኖረበት አገር ሰዎች አባት ሖሪያዊው ሴይር ነበር
በእስራኤላውያን ላይ አንድም ንጉሥ ከመንገሡ በፊት ኤዶማውያን ነገሥታት ነበሩአቸው
የኤዶማውያን አባት ኤሳው ነበር
ያዕቆብ በከነዓን ምድር ኖረ
ዮሴፍ የወንድሞቹን የክፋታቸውን ወሬ ወደ አባታቸው አመጣ
እስራኤል ለዮሴፍ ያጌጠ እጀ ጠባብ ሠራለት
የዯሴፍ ወንድሞች ጠሉት፣ በሰላም ሊያናግሩትም አልቻሉም
ዮሴፍ የእርሱ ነዶ ሲቆምና የወንድሞቹ ነዶዎች ለእርሱ ነዶ ሲሰግዱ አየ
የዮሴፍ ወንድሞች በይበልጥ ጠሉት
ዮሴፍ፣ ፀሐይ፣ ጨረቃና አሥራ አንድ ከዋክብት ለእርሱ ሲሰግዱለት አየ
ፀሐይ፣ ጨረቃና ከዋክብቱ የሚወክሉት የዮሴፍን አባት፣ እናትና ወንድሞቹን ነበር
ያዕቆብ፣ የወንድሞቹን ደህና መሆን እንዲያይና ወሬአቸውን እንዲያመጣለት ዮሴፍን ከኬብሮን ሸለቆ ላከው
የዮሴፍ ወንድሞች ዮሴፍን ለመግደልና ከጉድጓዶቹ በአንዱ ውስጥ ሊጥሉት ዐቀዱ
ሮቤል በኋላ ይታደገው ዘንድ ወንድሞቹ በጉድጓድ ውስጥ ብቻ እንዲጥሉት አሳብ አቀረበ
የዮሴፍ ወንድሞች ዮሴፍን ለእስማኤላውያን በሃያ ብር ሸጡት
ዮሴፍ ወደ ግብፅ ተወሰደ
የዮሴፍ ወንድሞች ፍየል በማረድ የዮሴፍን ልብስ በደሙ ውስጥ ነከሩትና ለያዕቆብ ሰጡት
የዮሴፍ ወንድሞች ፍየል በማረድ የዮሴፍን ልብስ በደሙ ውስጥ ነከሩትና ለያዕቆብ ሰጡት
ያዕቆብ ልብሱን ቀደደ፣ ማቅ ለብሶም ለልጁ ብዙ ቀን አለቀሰ
ዮሴፍ በግብፅ አገር የፈርዖን ሹም ለሆነው ለጲጥፋራ ተሸጠ
ይሁዳ ከከነዓናዊ የተወለደች ሴት ሚስት አድርጎ አገባ
ክፉ ስለ ነበረ እግዚአብሔር አምላክ ዔርን ገደለው
አውናን ከትዕማር ጋር የግብረ ሥጋ ግንኙነት በሚያደርግበት ጊዜ የወንዴ ዘሩን በምድር ላይ ያፈሰው ነበር
ያደረገው ነገር ክፉ ስለ ነበረ እግዚአብሔር አምላክ አውናንን ገደለው
ሦስተኛው ልጁ ሴሎም በሚያድግበት ጊዜ ባል እንደሚሆናት ይሁዳ ለትዕማር ቃል ገባላት
ይሁዳ ሚስቱ ሞታ ነበርና ተጽናና
ትዕማር የመበለትነትዋን ልብስ አወለቀች፣ መጎናጸፊያ ወስዳ ተሸፋፈነችና ወደ ተምና በሚወስደው መንገድ ዳር ተቀመጠች
ትዕማር ይህንን ያደረገችው የይሁዳ ሦስተኛው ልጅ ሴሎም ቢያድግም ሚስት ትሆነው ዘንድ ስላልተሰጠችው ነበር
ይሁዳ ቀለበቱን፣ አምባሩንና በትሩን ለክፍያው መያዣ እንዲሆናት ለትዕማር ሰጣት
በዚያ አካባቢ የመቅደስ ሴተኛ አዳሪ እንደሌለች ይሁዳ ተረዳ
ትዕማር በሴሰኝነት ፀንሳለችና ይሁዳ በማቃጠል ሊገድላት ፈለገች
ትዕማር በሴሰኝነት ፀንሳለችና ይሁዳ በማቃጠል ሊገድላት ፈለገች
ትዕማርን ሚስት እንድትሆነው ለሴሎም አልሰጣትምና ከእርሱ ይልቅ ትዕማር ጻድቅ መሆኗን ይሁዳ ተናገረ
ትዕማር መንትያ ወንዶች ልጆች ነበሯት
ከትዕማር መንትያ ልጆች አንዱ ከማህፀኗ እጁን ወደ ውጭ ባወጣ ጊዜ አዋላጂቱ የፈትል ክር ወስዳ እጁ ላይ አሰረችና "ይህ በመጀመሪያ ወጥቷል" አለች
ትዕማር የወለደቻቸው የሁለቱ ወንድማማቾች ስም ፋሬስና ዛራ ነበር
ትዕማር የወለደቻቸው የሁለቱ ወንድማማቾች ስም ፋሬስና ዛራ ነበር
በግብፅ የፈርዖን ሹም የሆነው ጲጥፋራ ዮሴፍን ገዛው
እግዚአብሔር አምላክ ከእርሱ ጋር ስለ ነበረ ዮሴፍ ተከናወነለት
እግዚአብሔር አምላክ ከእርሱ ጋር ስለ ነበረ ዮሴፍ ተከናወነለት
እግዚአብሔር አምላክ ከእርሱ ጋር ስለ ነበረ ዮሴፍ ተከናወነለት
የጲጥፋራ ሚስት ዮሴፍ ከእርሷ ጋር እንዲተኛ ጠየቀችው
ዮሴፍ እምቢ አላት፤ በእግዚአብሔር ላይ ይህንን ታላቅ ክፋትና ኃጢአት እንደማይሠራም ነገራት
ዮሴፍ እምቢ አላት፤ በእግዚአብሔር ላይ ይህንን ታላቅ ክፋትና ኃጢአት እንደማይሠራም ነገራት
ዮሴፍ ልብሱን በእጇ ላይ ትቶ ወደ ውጭ ሸሸ
ያለ ፈቃዷ ከእርሷ ጋር ለመተኛት ስለ መሞከሩ ከሰሰችው
ያለ ፈቃዷ ከእርሷ ጋር ለመተኛት ስለ መሞከሩ ከሰሰችው
ጲጥፋራ እጅግ ተቆጣ፣ ዮሴፍንም በወህኒ አኖረው
ጲጥፋራ እጅግ ተቆጣ፣ ዮሴፍንም በወህኒ አኖረው
በዚህ ጊዜ እግዚአብሔር አምላክ ለዮሴፍ የቃል ኪዳን ታማኝነቱን አሳየው
የወህኒው ኃላፊ እስረኞቹን ሁሉ በዮሴፍ ኃላፊነት ሥር እንዲሆኑ አደረገ
ዮሴፍ የሠራውን ሁሉ እግዚአብሔር አምላክ አከናወነለት
በድለውት ስለ ነበረ በወህኒ አኖራቸው
ጠጅ አሳላፊውና እንጀራ ጋጋሪው ሁለቱም በአንድ ምሽት ሕልም አለሙ
ሕልማቸውን ሊተረጉምላቸው የሚችል ባለማግኘታቸው ሁለቱም አዝነው ነበር
ሕልማቸውን ሊተረጉምላቸው የሚችል ባለማግኘታቸው ሁለቱም አዝነው ነበር
ዮሴፍ፣ ሕልም መተርጎምን እግዚአብሔር ሊሰጥ ይችላል አለ
ዮሴፍ፥ የሕልሙ ትርጉም ፈርዖን በሦስት ቀናት ውስጥ የጠጅ አሳላፊውን ወደ ቀድሞው ሹመቱ ይመልሰዋል ማለት ነው አለ
ዮሴፍ፣ የሕልሙ ትርጉም ፈርዖን በሦስት ቀናት ውስጥ የጠጅ አሳላፊውን ወደ ቀድሞው ሹመቱ ይመልሰዋል ማለት ነው አለ
የጠጅ አሳላፊው እንዲያስበው፣ ስለ እርሱ ለፈርዖን እንዲነግርለትና ከወህኒም እንዲያወጣው ዮሴፍ ለመነው
ዮሴፍ፣ የሕልሙ ትርጉም ፈርዖን በሦስት ቀናት ውስጥ እንጀራ ጋጋሪውን በእንጨት ላይ ይሰቅለዋል ማለት ነው አለ
ዮሴፍ፣ የሕልሙ ትርጉም ፈርዖን በሦስት ቀናት ውስጥ እንጀራ ጋጋሪውን በእንጨት ላይ ይሰቅለዋል ማለት ነው አለ
ከሦስት ቀን በኋላ የፈርዖን የልደት በዓል ነበረ
ዮሴፍ እንደ ተረጎመላቸው፣ ፈርዖን የጠጅ አሳላፊውን ወደ ሹመቱ መለሰው፣ እንጀራ ጋጋሪውን ግን ሰቀለው
ዮሴፍ እንደ ተረጎመላቸው፣ ፈርዖን የጠጅ አሳላፊውን ወደ ሹመቱ መለሰው፣ እንጀራ ጋጋሪውን ግን ሰቀለው
አይደለም፣ ጠጅ አሳላፊው ዮሴፍን ለመርዳት አላሰበውም፣ ይልቁንም ረሳው እንጂ
ሰባቱ የከሱት ላሞች የወፈሩትን ሰባቱን ላሞች በሉአቸው
ሰባቱ የቀጨጩ እሸቶች የዳበሩትን ሰባቱን እሸቶች ዋጧቸው
የፈርዖን አስማተኞችና ጠቢባን የፈርዖንን ሕልም መተርጎም አልቻሉም
የጠጅ አሳላፊዎቹ ዋነኛ አለቃ፣ በወህኒ ሳሉ አንድ ወጣት ዕብራዊ የእርሱንና የባልንጀራውን ሕልም በትክክል ተርጉሞ እንደ ነበረ ለፈርዖን ነገረው
የጠጅ አሳላፊዎቹ ዋነኛ አለቃ፣ በወህኒ ሳሉ አንድ ወጣት ዕብራዊ የእርሱንና የባልንጀራውን ሕልም በትክክል ተርጉሞ እንደ ነበረ ለፈርዖን ነገረው
ዮሴፍ፣ እግዚአብሔር ለፈርዖን ሕልም በደኅንነት ይመልሳል አለ
ዮሴፍ፣ እግዚአብሔር ሊያደርግ ያለውን ለፈርዖን ማስታወቁን ተናገረ
ሰባቱ መልካም ላሞችና እሸቶች ሰባቱን የጥጋብ ዓመታት ወክለዋል
ሰባቱ የከሱ ላሞችና እሸቶች ሰባቱን የረሃብ ዓመታት ወክለዋል
ነገሩ በእግዚአብሔር የተወሰነና በቶሎ ሊደረግ ያለ ስለሆነ ለፈርዖን ሁለት ሕልም ተሰጠው
በሰባቱ የጥጋብ አመታት ከፍሬው አንድ አምስተኛውን የሚሰበስብ ሰው እንዲሾም ዮሴፍ ፈርዖንን መከረው
የእግዚአብሔር መንፈስ በዮሴፍ ውስጥ እንዳለ ፈርዖን ተናገረ
ፈርዖን ለዮሴፍ በፈርዖን ቤትና በግብፅ ምድር ሁሉ ላይ ከእርሱ ቀጥሎ ሁለተኛ እንዲሆን ሥልጣን ሰጠው
ፈርዖን ለዮሴፍ በፈርዖን ቤትና በግብፅ ምድር ሁሉ ላይ ከእርሱ ቀጥሎ ሁለተኛ እንዲሆን ሥልጣን ሰጠው
ፈርዖን ለዮሴፍ በፈርዖን ቤትና በግብፅ ምድር ሁሉ ላይ ከእርሱ ቀጥሎ ሁለተኛ እንዲሆን ሥልጣን ሰጠው
ዮሴፍ እንደ ባህር አሸዋ ሊቆጠር የማይችል እህል ሰበሰበ
የዮሴፍ ወንዶች ልጆች ስሞቻቸው ምናሴና ኤፍሬም ነበር
የዮሴፍ ወንዶች ልጆች ስሞቻቸው ምናሴና ኤፍሬም ነበር
የዮሴፍ ወንዶች ልጆች ስሞቻቸው ምናሴና ኤፍሬም ነበር
ሰባቱ የረሃብ ዓመታት በምድር ሁሉ ላይ ነበር
ዮሴፍ የእህል ማከማቻዎቹን ሁሉ በመክፈት ለግብፃውያን ምግብ እንዲሆን ሸጠላቸው
ዮሴፍ የእህል ማከማቻዎቹን ሁሉ በመክፈት ለግብፃውያን ምግብ እንዲሆን ሸጠላቸው
ከዮሴፍ እህል ለመግዛት በምድር የሚኖሩ ሁሉ ወደ ግብፅ መጡ
ከብንያም በስተቀር አሥሩ የዮሴፍ ወንድሞች እህል ለመግዛት ወደ ግብፅ ወረዱ
ከብንያም በስተቀር አሥሩ የዮሴፍ ወንድሞች እህል ለመግዛት ወደ ግብፅ ወረዱ
ከብንያም በስተቀር አሥሩ የዮሴፍ ወንድሞች እህል ለመግዛት ወደ ግብፅ ወረዱ
ከብንያም በስተቀር አሥሩ የዮሴፍ ወንድሞች እህል ለመግዛት ወደ ግብፅ ወረዱ
የዮሴፍ ወንድሞች በምድር ላይ በግምባራቸው ሰገዱለት
ዮሴፍ ራሱን ለወጠና ወንድሞቹን በክፉ ቃል ተናገራቸው
ዮሴፍ ሰላዮች ስለመሆናቸው ከሰሳቸው
ታናሹ ወንድማቸው ከአባቱ ጋር በከነዓን ምድር እንደሚኖር የዮሴፍ ወንድሞች ተናገሩ
የዮሴፍ ወንድሞች የጠፋው ሌላው ወንድማቸው በሕይወት እንደሌለ ተናገሩ
ዮሴፍ ታናሹ ወንድማቸው ወደ ግብፅ ካልመጣ በስተቀር ወንድሞቹ ከግብፅ እንደማይወጡ ነገራቸው
ዮሴፍ ወንድሞቹን ለሦስት ቀናት በወህኒ አኖራቸው
ዮሴፍ፣ ሌሎቹ እህል ይዘው ወደ ከነዓን በመሄድ ታናሽ ወንድማቸውን እስኪያመጡት ድረስ ከወንድማማቾቹ አንዱ በወህኒ እንዲቆይ ነገራቸው
ዮሴፍ፣ ሌሎቹ እህል ይዘው ወደ ከነዓን በመሄድ ታናሽ ወንድማቸውን እስኪያመጡት ድረስ ከወንድማማቾቹ አንዱ በወህኒ እንዲቆይ ነገራቸው
ዮሴፍ፣ ሌሎቹ እህል ይዘው ወደ ከነዓን በመሄድ ታናሽ ወንድማቸውን እስኪያመጡት ድረስ ከወንድማማቾቹ አንዱ በወህኒ እንዲቆይ ነገራቸው
በዮሴፍ ላይ ስላደረጉት ነገር የዮሴፍ ደም ከእነርሱ እየተጠየቀ እንዳለ አመኑ
በዮሴፍ ላይ ስላደረጉት ነገር የዮሴፍ ደም ከእነርሱ እየተጠየቀ እንዳለ አመኑ
የዮሴፍ ወንድሞች በእርሱ ላይ ስላደረጉት ነገር ሲነጋገሩ በሰማ ጊዜ ዮሴፍ ከእነርሱ ዘወር አለና አለቀሰ
ዮሴፍ የወንድሞቹን የእያንዳንዳቸውን ገንዘብ በጆንያዎቻቸው ውስጥ አስቀምጦ ነበር
ልባቸው ደነገጠ፣ እርስ በርሳቸውም እተንቀጠቀጡ ተነጋገሩ
ወንድማማቾቹ እግዚአብሔር ለምን ይህንን እንዳደረገባቸው በመጠየቅ ወቀሱት
የሁሉም ገንዘብ በየጆንያው ውስጥ እንዳለ ተገነዘቡ
ያዕቆብ፣ ስምዖንና ብንያም ከእርሱ እንዳይወሰዱበት ፈራ
ሮቤል ብንያምን ከግብፅ መልሶ ወደ ያዕቆብ እንደሚያመጣው ማለ፤ ይህንን ካላደረገ የሮቤል ሁለቱ ወንዶች ልጆቹ ይገደላሉ
አይደለም፣ ሮቤል ብንያምን ወደ ግብፅ እንዲወስደው አልፈቀደለትም
ብንያም ከሞተ በኀዘን ወደ መቃብር እንደሚወርድ ያዕቆብ ተናገረ
ረሃቡ ጽኑ ስለነበረና በመጀመሪያ ወደ ግብፅ ተጉዘው ያመጡትን እህል በልተው ስለ ጨረሱት ነበር
ረሃቡ ጽኑ ስለነበረና በመጀመሪያ ወደ ግብፅ ተጉዘው ያመጡትን እህል በልተው ስለ ጨረሱት ነበር
ወደ ግብፅ ለመውረድ ወንድማቸው ብንያም አብሮአቸው መሆን እንዳለበት ይሁዳ ተናገረ
ወደ ግብፅ ለመውረድ ወንድማቸው ብንያም አብሮአቸው መሆን እንዳለበት ይሁዳ ተናገረ
ወደ ግብፅ ለመውረድ ወንድማቸው ብንያም አብሮአቸው መሆን እንዳለበት ይሁዳ ተናገረ
ብንያምን መልሶ ባያመጣው በደሉ ለዘላለም በእርሱ ላይ እንደሚሆን ይሁዳ ተናገረ
እስራኤል ለወንድማማቾቹ የነገራቸው ከምድሪቱ ምርጥ ፍሬ ጥቂትና ገንዘቡን እጥፍ አድርገው እንዲወስዱ ነበር
እስራኤል ለወንድማማቾቹ የነገራቸው ከምድሪቱ ምርጥ ፍሬ ጥቂትና ገንዘቡን እጥፍ አድርገው እንዲወስዱ ነበር
ወንድማማቾቹ ሁሉ ይለቀቁ ዘንድ በግብፅ ምድር እግዚአብሔር ምህረትን እንዲሰጣቸው እስራኤል ጠየቀ
ወንድማማቾቹ፣ በመጀመሪያው ጉዞአቸው በጆንያዎቻቸው ውስጥ ስላገኙት ገንዘብ እንዳይታሰሩና ባሪያ እንዳይሆኑ ፈርተው ነበር
ወንድማማቾቹ በጆንያዎቻቸው ውስጥ ያገኙትን ገንዘብ መልሰው ማምጣታቸውንና እህል ለመግዛትም ገንዘብ እንደ ያዙ ለመጋቢው ነገሩት
ወንድማማቾቹ በጆንያዎቻቸው ውስጥ ያገኙትን ገንዘብ መልሰው ማምጣታቸውንና እህል ለመግዛትም ገንዘብ እንደ ያዙ ለመጋቢው ነገሩት
መጋቢው፣ በጆንያዎቻቸው ውስጥ የተገኘው ገንዘብ ከአምላካቸው የመጣ መሆኑን ነገራቸው
ወንድማማቾቹ ስጦታዎቹን ወደ ቤት አመጡና መሬት ላይ ወድቀው ለዮሴፍ ሰገዱለት
ዮሴፍ ወንድማማቾቹን የጠየቃቸው ስለ አባታቸው ደኅንነት ነበር
ዮሴፍ፣ ስለ ብንያም ውስጡ ስለተናወጠ ከክፍሉ በችኮላ ወጣና ወደ ራሱ ክፍል ገብቶ አለቀሰ
ለግብፃውያን ከዕብራውያን ጋር መብላት እንደ መርከስ ስለሚቆጠር ነበር
ወንድማማቾቹ እንደተወለዱበት እንደ ዕድሜአቸው በቅደም ተከተል ለማዕድ ተቀመጡ
የብንያም ድርሻ ከወንድሞቹ ሁሉ ይልቅ አምስት ዕጥፍ ያህል ነበር
የወንድማማቾቹን ጆንያ በእህል እንዲሞላ፣ ገንዘባቸውን በጆንያቸው ውስጥ እንዲያደርግና በታናሽየው ጆንያ ውስጥ የብር ጽዋውን እንዲያደርግ ዮሴፍ ለመጋቢው ነገረው
መልካም በተደረገላቸው ፈንታ ለምን ክፉ እንደ መለሱ እንዲጠይቃቸውና የዮሴፍን ጽዋ ስለ መስረቃቸው እንዲወቅሳቸው ዮሴፍ ለመጋቢው ነገረው
መልካም በተደረገላቸው ፈንታ ለምን ክፉ እንደ መለሱ እንዲጠይቃቸውና የዮሴፍን ጽዋ ስለ መስረቃቸው እንዲወቅሳቸው ዮሴፍ ለመጋቢው ነገረው
ወንድማማቾቹ፣ ጽዋው የሚገኝበት ሰው እንዲገደልና የቀሩት ባሪያዎች እንዲሆኑ ተናገሩ
መጋቢው፣ ጽዋው የሚገኝበት ሰው የእርሱ ባሪያ እንደሚሆንና ሌሎቹ ንጹሐን እንደሚሆኑ ተናገረ
መጋቢው ጽዋውን ከብንያም ጆንያ ውስጥ አገኘው፣ ወንድማማቾቹም በኀዘን ልብሳቸውን ቀደዱ
መጋቢው ጽዋውን ከብንያም ጆንያ ውስጥ አገኘው፣ ወንድማማቾቹም በኀዘን ልብሳቸውን ቀደዱ
ወንድማማቾቹ በዮሴፍ ፊት በምድር ላይ ሰገዱ
ይሁዳ፣ ኃጢአታቸውን እግዚአብሔር እንደገለጠው ተናገረ
ይሁዳ፣ ወንድማማቾቹ ሁሉ አሁን የዮሴፍ ባሪያዎች ናቸው አለ
ዮሴፍ፣ ጽዋው በእጁ የተገኘበት ሰው ባሪያው እንደሚሆንና ሌሎቹ በሰላም መሄድ እንደሚችሉ ተናገረ
ታናሽ ወንድማቸው አባቱ በሽምግልናው የወለደው መሆኑንና ከእናቱ እርሱ ብቻ መቅረቱን ይሁዳ ተናገረ
ወንድማማቾቹ፣ ታናሽየው ከሌለ አባታቸው ይሞታል ብለው ሰጉ
ታናሽ ወንድማቸው ካልመጣ ፊቱን እንደማያዩ ዮሴፍ ተናግሯቸው ስለ ነበረ ብንያምን ለማምጣት መገደዳቸውን ይሁዳ ተናገረ
ታናሽ ወንድማቸው ካልመጣ ፊቱን እንደማያዩ ዮሴፍ ተናግሯቸው ስለ ነበረ ብንያምን ለማምጣት መገደዳቸውን ይሁዳ ተናገረ
እስራኤል፣ በርግጥ ዮሴፍ በአውሬ ተቦጫጭቋል ብሎ አሰበ
ወንድማማቾቹ፣ ሽበቱን በኀዘን ወደ መቃብር እንደሚያወርዱ እስራኤል ተናግሮ ነበር
አባቱ እንደሚሞት ይሁዳ ተናገረ
ይሁዳ ብንያምን ወደ አባቱ ካልመለሰው በደሉን ለዘላለም እንደሚሸከም ተናግሮ ነበር
ይሁዳ፣ ብንያም ወደ አባቱ መመለስ ይችል ዘንድ ዮሴፍ እርሱን ባሪያው እንዲያደርገው ጠየቀው
ዮሴፍ ራሱን ለወንድሞቹ በገለጠ ጊዜ ድምፁን ከፍ አድርጎ አለቀሰ
ዮሴፍ ራሱን ለወንድሞቹ በገለጠ ጊዜ ድምፁን ከፍ አድርጎ አለቀሰ
ወንድማማቾቹ ደንግጠው ስለ ነበረ ለዮሴፍ አንዳችም መመለስ አለቻሉም ነበር
እግዚአብሔር ዮሴፍን ወደ ግብፅ የላከው ሕይወትን ለማዳንና ቤተሰቡን በምድር ላይ ትሩፋን አድርጎ ለማቆየት ነው
እግዚአብሔር ዮሴፍን ለፈርዖን አባት፣ ለፈርዖን ቤተሰብ በሙሉ ጌታና በግብፅ ምድር ሁሉ ላይ አዛዥ አድርጎት ነበር
ዮሴፍ እርሱ ወደሚመግባቸው ወደ ጌሤም ምድር እንዲመጡና እንዲኖሩ ለቤተሰቦቹ ነገራቸው
ዮሴፍ እርሱ ወደሚመግባቸው ወደ ጌሤም ምድር እንዲመጡና እንዲኖሩ ለቤተሰቦቹ ነገራቸው
ዮሴፍ እርሱ ወደሚመግባቸው ወደ ጌሤም ምድር እንዲመጡና እንዲኖሩ ለቤተሰቦቹ ነገራቸው
ዮሴፍ ፈጥነው እንዲሄዱና አባቱን ወደ ግብፅ እንዲያመጡት ለወንድሞቹ ነገራቸው
ፈርዖን በጣም ደስ አለው፣ የዮሴፍ ወንድሞች አባታቸውንና የአባታቸውን ቤተሰቦች በግብፅ ምድር በመልካሚቱ ሥፍራ እንዲኖሩ ያመጧቸው ዘንድ ዮሴፍ እንዲነግራቸው ነገረው
ፈርዖን በጣም ደስ አለው፣ የዮሴፍ ወንድሞች አባታቸውንና የአባታቸውን ቤተሰቦች በግብፅ ምድር በመልካሚቱ ሥፍራ እንዲኖሩ ያመጧቸው ዘንድ ዮሴፍ እንዲነግራቸው ነገረው
ፈርዖን በጣም ደስ አለው፣ የዮሴፍ ወንድሞች አባታቸውንና የአባታቸውን ቤተሰቦች በግብፅ ምድር በመልካሚቱ ሥፍራ እንዲኖሩ ያመጧቸው ዘንድ ዮሴፍ እንዲነግራቸው ነገረው
ብንያም ሦስት መቶ ብርና አምስት ቅያሪ ልብሶችን ተቀበለ፣ እስራኤል ደግሞ በሃያ አህያ የተጫነ አቅርቦት ተቀበለ
ብንያም ሦስት መቶ ብርና አምስት ቅያሪ ልብሶችን ተቀበለ፣ እስራኤል ደግሞ በሃያ አህያ የተጫነ አቅርቦት ተቀበለ
ብንያም ሦስት መቶ ብርና አምስት ቅያሪ ልብሶችን ተቀበለ፣ እስራኤል ደግሞ በሃያ አህያ የተጫነ አቅርቦት ተቀበለ
ያዕቆብ በልቡ ተደነቀ፣ ወንድማማቾቹ በነገሩት ጊዜ አላመናቸውም ነበርና
እስራኤል ከመሞቱ በፊት ዮሴፍን ለማየት እንደሚፈልግ ተናገረ
እስራኤል ለአባቱ ለይስሐቅ አምላክ መሥዋዕት አቀረበ
እግዚአብሔር አስራኤልን ታላቅ ሕዝብ እንደሚያደርገው፣ ከእስራኤል ጋር ወደ ግብፅ እንደሚሄድ፣ ደግሞም እስራኤልን ከግብፅ እንደሚያወጣውና ዮሴፍ ዓይኖቹን እንደሚከድንለት ተስፋ ሰጠው
እግዚአብሔር አስራኤልን ታላቅ ሕዝብ እንደሚያደርገው፣ ከእስራኤል ጋር ወደ ግብፅ እንደሚሄድ፣ ደግሞም እስራኤልን ከግብፅ እንደሚያወጣውና ዮሴፍ ዓይኖቹን እንደሚከድንለት ተስፋ ሰጠው
ያዕቆብና ዘሩ ሁሉ ከእርሱ ጋር ወደ ግብፅ ሄዱ
ያዕቆብና ዘሩ ሁሉ ከእርሱ ጋር ወደ ግብፅ ሄዱ
ያዕቆብና ዘሩ ሁሉ ከእርሱ ጋር ወደ ግብፅ ሄዱ
ዔርና አውናን በከነዓን ምድር ሞቱ
ከያዕቆብ ቤት ሰባ ሰዎች ወደ ግብፅ መጡ
ዮሴፍ በሠረገላው ወጣ፣ አባቱን እስራኤልንም በጌሤም ተገናኘው
ዮሴፍ የአባቱን አንገት አቅፎ ለረጅም ጊዜ አለቀ
ወንድማማቾቹ ከልጅነታቸው ጊዜ ጀምሮ ከብት አርቢዎች ስለ መሆናቸው ለፈርዖን መንገር ነበረባቸው
አምስቱ የዮሴፍ ወንድሞች ሥራቸው በጎችን ማርባት መሆኑን ለፈርዖን ነገሩት
ወንድማማቾቹ በግብፅ ምድር ጊዜያዊ ነዋሪዎች መሆናቸውን ተናገሩ
ፈርዖን በመልካሙ ምድር፣ በጌሤም ምድር ቤተሰቦቹን እንዲያሰፍራቸው ለዮሴፍ ነገረው
ያዕቆብ ከፈርዖን ጋር በተገናኘ ጊዜና ከእርሱ በሚለይበትም ጊዜ ፈርዖንን ባረከው
የያዕቆብ ዕድሜ አንድ መቶ ሠላሳ ዓመት ነበር
ያዕቆብ፣ የእርሱ ዕድሜ የአባቶቹን ያህል እንዳልሆነ ተናገረ
ያዕቆብ ከፈርዖን ጋር በተገናኘ ጊዜና ከእርሱ በሚለይበትም ጊዜ ፈርዖንን ባረከው
ዮሴፍ በግብፅና በከነዓን ምድር የነበረውን ገንዘብ ሁሉ መሰብሰብ ችሎ ነበር
ዮሴፍ ለግብፃውያን በሚሰጣቸው እህል ምትክ ከብቶቻቸውን በሙሉ መውሰድ ቻለ
ዮሴፍ ለግብፃውያን በሚሰጣቸው እህል ምትክ ከብቶቻቸውን በሙሉ መውሰድ ቻለ
የግብፅ ሰዎች ተጨማሪ እህል ለማግኘት የፈርዖን አገልጋዮች ይሆኑ ዘንድ መሬታቸውንና ራሳቸውን አቀረቡ
የግብፅ ሰዎች ተጨማሪ እህል ለማግኘት የፈርዖን አገልጋዮች ይሆኑ ዘንድ መሬታቸውንና ራሳቸውን አቀረቡ
ዮሴፍ የምርቱ አንድ አምስተኛ ለፈርዖን እንዲሰጥ ጠየቀ
እስራኤላውያኑ በግብፅ ምድር ሀብት አፈሩ፣ ፍሬአማ ሆኑ፣ እጅግም በዙ
ያዕቆብ በአንድ መቶ አርባ ሰባት ዓመቱ ሞተ
እስራኤል፣ በአባቶቹ የመቃብር ሥፍራ እንዲቀብረው ዮሴፍ ይምልለት ዘንድ ጠየቀው
ዮሴፍ አባቱ መታመሙን ሰማ፣ በመሆኑም ሁለቱን ወንዶች ልጆቹን ይዞ ሄደ
ያዕቆብ፣ እግዚአብሔር ፍሬአማ እንደሚያደርገውና እንደሚያበዛው፣ የሕዝቦች ጉባዔ እንደሚሆንና የከነዓን ምድር ለዘላለም ለዘሮቹ እንደሚሆን የሰጠውን የተስፋ ቃል አስታወሰ
ያዕቆብ፣ የዮሴፍን ሁለቱን ወንዶች ልጆች የራሱ አድርጎ እንደሚቆጥራቸው ተናገረ
ያዕቆብ፣ የዮሴፍን ሁለቱን ወንዶች ልጆች የራሱ አድርጎ እንደሚቆጥራቸው ተናገረ
እስራኤል ከዕድሜው የተነሣ ዓይኖቹ ለማየት ስለ ደክሙ የዮሴፍን ሁለቱን ወንዶች ልጆች አላወቃቸውም ነበር
እስራኤል ከዕድሜው የተነሣ ዓይኖቹ ለማየት ስለ ደክሙ የዮሴፍን ሁለቱን ወንዶች ልጆች አላወቃቸውም ነበር
እስራኤል ከዕድሜው የተነሣ ዓይኖቹ ለማየት ስለ ደክሙ የዮሴፍን ሁለቱን ወንዶች ልጆች አላወቃቸውም ነበር
ከዮሴፍ ወንዶች ልጆች በኩሩ ምናሴ ነበር
እስራኤል ቀኝ እጁን በኤፍሬም ላይ፣ ግራ እጁንም በምናሴ ላይ አደረገ
ዮሴፍ የጠበቀው ምናሴ በኩር ነውና እስራኤል ቀኝ እጁን በእርሱ ላይ እንዲያደርግ ነበር
ዮሴፍ የጠበቀው ምናሴ በኩር ነውና እስራኤል ቀኝ እጁን በእርሱ ላይ እንዲያደርግ ነበር
ታናሹ ከበኩሩ ሊልቅ ስለ ሆነ እስራኤል እምቢ አለ
እስራኤል፣ የእስራኤል ሕዝብ "እግዚአብሔር እንደ ኤፍሬምና እንደ ምናሴ ያድርግህ" በማለት የበረከት ቃል ይናገራሉ አለ
ዮሴፍን ወደ አባቶቹ ምድር እንደሚመልሱት እስራኤል ተናገረ
ያዕቆብ ወደ ፊት በእነርሱና በዘሮቻቸው ሊሆን ያለውን ይነግራቸው ዘንድ ወንዶች ልጆቹን በአንድ ላይ ሰበሰባቸው
ሮቤል የክብርና የኃይል አለቃ ነበር
ሮቤል የአባቱን መኝታ አርክሶ ስለ ነበረ አለቅነትን አጣ
ሮቤል የአባቱን መኝታ አርክሶ ስለ ነበረ አለቅነትን አጣ
ሌሎች ወንዶች ልጆቹ በይሁዳ ፊት እንደሚሰግዱ ያዕቆብ ተናገረ
ሴሎ እስኪመጣ ድረስ በትረ መንግሥት ከእርሱ እንደማይርቅና ሕዝቦች እንደሚታዘዙት የተስፋ ቃል ተሰጠው
የዛብሎን ዘሮች መኖሪያ በባህር ዳርቻ እንደሚሆን ያዕቆብ ተናገረ
ያዕቆብ፣ ዳን እንደ መርዘኛ እባብ ይሆናል አለ
ያዕቆብ፣ አሴር ለነገሥታት ጣፋጭ ምግብ በማቅረብ ይታወቃል አለ
ዮሴፍ፣ ቅርንጫፎቹ በግድግዳ ላይ የሚወጡ ትንሹን ፍሬአማ ዛፍ እንደሚመስል ያዕቆብ ተናገረ
ኃያሉ የያዕቆብ አምላክ እጆች፣ የእስራኤልም ዓለት የዮሴፍን ቀስት እንደሚያጸናና እጆቹን ብልኆች እንደሚያደርጋቸው ያዕቆብ ተናገረ
ቀደም ሲል አብርሃም፣ ሣራ፣ ይስሐቅ፣ ርብቃና ልያ በዚያ ተቀብረው ነበር
ያዕቆብ ሞተ፣ ወደ ወገኖቹም ሄደ
ዮሴፍ፣ የእስራኤል አስክሬን በሽቱ እንዲታሽ አስደረገ
ዮሴፍ፣ የእስራኤል አስክሬን በሽቱ እንዲታሽ አስደረገ
ዮሴፍ፣ የእስራኤል አስክሬን በሽቱ እንዲታሽ አስደረገ
አባቱ እንዳስማለው ወደ ከነዓን ወስዶ መቅበር ይችል ዘንድ ዮሴፍ ጥያቄ አቀረበ
አባቱ እንዳስማለው ወደ ከነዓን ወስዶ መቅበር ይችል ዘንድ ዮሴፍ ጥያቄ አቀረበ
የፈርዖን ሹማምንት በሙሉ፣ የቤተሰቡ ልዑላን፣ የግብፅ ከፍተኛ ባለ ሥልጣናት፣ የዮሴፍ ቤተሰቦች፣ የዮሴፍ ወንድሞች፣ የአባቱ ቤተሰቦች፣ ሰረገለኞችና ፈረሰኞችም ሁሉ ከዮሴፍ ጋር ሄዱ
የፈርዖን ሹማምንት በሙሉ፣ የቤተሰቡ ልዑላን፣ የግብፅ ከፍተኛ ባለ ሥልጣናት፣ የዮሴፍ ቤተሰቦች፣ የዮሴፍ ወንድሞች፣ የአባቱ ቤተሰቦች፣ ሰረገለኞችና ፈረሰኞችም ሁሉ ከዮሴፍ ጋር ሄዱ
የፈርዖን ሹማምንት በሙሉ፣ የቤተሰቡ ልዑላን፣ የግብፅ ከፍተኛ ባለ ሥልጣናት፣ የዮሴፍ ቤተሰቦች፣ የዮሴፍ ወንድሞች፣ የአባቱ ቤተሰቦች፣ ሰረገለኞችና ፈረሰኞችም ሁሉ ከዮሴፍ ጋር ሄዱ
ከነዓናውያን፣ ይህ ለግብፃውያን ታላቅ ለቅሶ ነው አሉ
ዮሴፍና ወንድሞቹ ወደ ግብፅ ተመለሱ
የዮሴፍ ወንድሞች የፈሩት በእርሱ ላይ ስላደረጉት ክፋት ሁሉ ዮሴፍ እንዳይበቀላቸው ነበር
የዮሴፍ ወንድሞች እርሱን ስለ በደሉበት በደል ይቅርታ እንዲያደርግላቸው ዮሴፍን ጠየቁት
የዮሴፍ ወንድሞች ወደ ዮሴፍ በመጡ ጊዜ በፊቱ ሰገዱ
እግዚአብሔር የብዙ ሰዎችን ሕይወት ለማዳን ለበጎ እንዳደረገው ዮሴፍ ተናገረ
ዮሴፍ አንድ መቶ አሥር ዓመት ኖረ
ዮሴፍ እንደሚሞት ተናገረ
እግዚአብሔር ወደ ሕዝቡ እንደሚመጣና ለአብርሃም፣ ለይስሐቅና ለያዕቆብ ተስፋ ወደ ሰጣቸው ምድር መርቶ እንደሚያወጣቸው ዮሴፍ ተናገረ
ከብፅ በሚወጡበት ጊዜ አጥንቶቹን ከግብፅ ይዘው እንዲወጡ ዮሴፍ አስማላቸው
የዮሴፍን አስክሬን በሽቱ አሽተው በግብፅ አገር በሣጥን ውስጥ አኖሩት
Genesis begins with the early years of creation. It tells about God creating heaven, earth, and the first humans. It also tells about the first time humans sinned. This caused humans to be separated from God and to eventually die. Genesis 1-11 briefly tells about other important events that occurred over many hundreds of years. (See: sin and death)
Genesis is also about the beginning of God's people. Genesis 12-50 tells about how God remained faithful to Abraham and his descendants. Abraham's descendants became known as the Hebrews and later as the Israelites. These people would worship Yahweh and be his people.
Genesis ends with Abraham's descendants living in Egypt with the hope of returning one day to the Promised Land. (See: Promised Land)
"Genesis" means "beginning," so translators should express this idea in their title. Titles such as "The Beginning of Things" may be suitable.
The writers of both the Old and New Testaments presented Moses as being very involved with writing the book of Genesis. Since ancient times, both Jews and Christians have thought that Moses wrote Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy.
A covenant is a formal, binding agreement between two parties that one or both parties must fulfill.
God made three covenants in Genesis. In the covenant with Adam, God promised to bless Adam and cause him to prosper. Adam was not allowed to eat fruit from the tree of knowledge of good and evil. God promised that Adam would die if he disobeyed what he commanded.
In the covenant with Noah, God promised to never again destroy the world with a flood.
In the covenant with Abraham, God promised to make Abraham's descendants into a great nation. He also promised to protect them and to give them a land of their own.
The book of Genesis says that God created a very good world. However, the world became cursed because human beings began to sin. But Genesis shows that God continues to have complete control over the world.
Genesis also describes the start of God's plan to bless the whole world again. This is shown when God makes a covenant with Abraham. With this covenant, God chose Abraham and his descendants to be his people. God promised to bless the world through Abraham's descendants.
There are several passages in Genesis that show the customs of a father who is about to die passing on a blessing to his son. Abraham blessed his son, Isaac, and made him the ancestor of the people of Israel. However, Ishmael, Abraham's other son, did not receive that same divine blessing. Likewise, Isaac's older son Esau did not receive the blessing. Isaac's younger son, Jacob, received it instead. (See: inherit and bless)
Also, it was the custom for a man to divide among his sons his material wealth and land. All his sons received equal portions except the oldest son. The firstborn son received twice as much. His portion was called a double portion. Esau gave up his right to receive the double portion.
Genesis presents sin as doing things that are against God’s word and God's ways. It presents evil as the opposite of good.
Sin and evil have affected all people. This started when Adam disobeyed God in the Garden of Eden.
Genesis uses one Hebrew phrase that the ULB translates as "this is the record of," "these were the events concerning," or "these were the descendants of." The information in these sections may have come from sources much older than Moses. These passages are 2:4; 5:1; 6:9; 10:1; 11:10, 27; 25:12, 19; 36:1, 9; 37:2.
If the translator wants to translate in only two ways, we recommend for most passages a phrase such as, "this is the record about" or "this is information about." Some passages will be better translated, however, as "These were the descendants of."
Often in Genesis, the author first summarizes what is about to happen. Then in the following verses, the author tells the details of what happened. Probable examples of this style occur in Gen. 1:1, 6:22, 18:1, 21:1 and 22:1.
However, in many languages, it is preferred to write summaries at the end of a narrative. In this case, translators may choose a different approach. For example, in Gen. 1:1 ("In the beginning God created the heavens and the earth"), translators may decide to translate like this: "This is about how God made the heavens and the earth in the beginning."
The word "people" refers to the individuals who belong to a group, such as "the people of Israel." The word "peoples" refers to multiple groups of people. Each group might speak their own language, have their own customs, and worship their own gods. Some different peoples in the ancient Near East were those of Israel, Egypt, Edom, Moab, and Ammon.
Many individuals in Genesis eventually had large numbers of descendants who were called after their ancestor's name. For example, Cush was the name of an individual. But, "Cush" also became the name of nation that his descendants formed. They were called "Cushites." If possible, when translating these names, the translator should make the individual's name and the nation's name similar. Examples of this are "Cush" and "Cushite" or "Moab" and "Moabite." Otherwise, the translator may say, "the descendants of Cush" or "the descendants of Moab."
These phrases were used by the narrator to refer to the time when he was writing. The translator should be aware that "to this day" and "of today" refer to a time already passed. The translator might decide to say, "to this day, at the time when this is being written," or, "to this day, at the time of writing." This Hebrew phrase occurs in Gen. 19:37, 19:38, 22:14, 26:33, 32:32, 35:20, 47:26, 48:18.
This chapter presents the first account of God creating the world. There is a pattern to this account: "God said ... God saw that it was good ... This was evening and morning, the first day." Translators should preserve this pattern in their versions.
This account of creation is told within the framework of ancient Hebrew ideas about the universe: the earth was resting with water around it and below it. Over the earth was something like a vast dome, called "an expanse between the waters" (1:6), on top of which was more water. Translators should try to keep these original images in their work, even though readers in their project language might have a completely different idea of what the universe is like.
Genesis 1 presents the ancient Hebrew idea of a day: it begins with sunset, lasts through the night and continues through the daylight hours until the next sunset. This pattern should be preserved in translation, even if readers in the project language define "day" differently.
Some languages and cultures speak of the world as if it has always existed, as if it had no beginning. But "very long ago" is different from "in the beginning," and you need to be sure that your translation communicates correctly.
This expression occurs often in this chapter. It can be difficult to translate, because God is not shown as talking to a particular person. If God is talking to a thing, it is something not yet in existence. Translators should find the most natural way in the project language to signal the idea that God spoke things into existence; he created the world and the things in it by simply commanding that they should exist.
"This is about how God made the heavens and the earth in the beginning." This statement summarizes the rest of the chapter. Some languages translate it as "A very long time ago God created the heavens and the earth." Translate it in a way that shows this actually happened and is not just a folk story.
This refers to the start of the world and everything in it.
"the sky, the ground, and everything in them"
This refers here to the sky.
God had not yet put the world in order.
"the water" or "the deep water" or "the vast water"
"the surface of the water" or "the water"
This is a command. By commanding that light should exist, God made it exist.
"God considered the light and was pleased with it." "Good" here means "pleasing" or "suitable."
"separated the light and the darkness" or "made it light at one time and dark at another." This refers to God creating the daytime and the night time.
God did these things on the first day that the universe existed.
This refers to the whole day. The writer speaks of the whole day as if it were these two parts. In the Jewish culture, a day begins when the sun sets.
These are commands. By commanding that the expanse should exist and that it divide the waters, God made it exist and divide the waters.
large empty space. The Jewish people thought of this space as being shaped like the inside of dome or the inside of a bowl that is turned upside down.
"in the water"
"In this way God made the expanse and divided the waters." When God spoke, it happened. This sentence explains what God did when he spoke.
"It happened like that" or "That is what happened." What God commanded happened just as he said it should. This phrase appears throughout the chapter and has the same meaning wherever it appears.
This refers to the whole day. The writer speaks of the whole day as if it were these two parts. In the Jewish culture, a day begins when the sun sets. See how you translated this in [Genesis 1:5]
This refers to the second day that the universe existed. See how you translated "the first day" in Genesis 1:5 and decide if you should translate this the same way.
This can be translated with an active verb. This is a command. By commanding that the waters gather together, God made them gather together. Alternate translation: "Let the waters ... gather" or "Let the waters ... come together"
The water had covered the land. Now the water would move aside and some of the land would be uncovered. This is a command. By commanding that dry land should appear, God made it appear. Alternate translation: "let dry land become visible" or "let the dry land become clear" or "let the land be uncovered"
This refers to land that is not covered with water. It does not refer to land that is too dry for farming.
"It happened like that" or "That is what happened." What God commanded happened just as he said it should. This phrase appears throughout the chapter and has the same meaning wherever it appears. See how you translated it in Genesis 1:7.
"the part that was dry 'earth,' and"
Here "it" refers to the land and the sea. See how you translated this in Genesis 1:4.
This is a command. By commanding that vegetation should sprout on the earth, God made it sprout. Alternate translation: "Let vegetation sprout up on the earth" or "Let vegetation grow on the earth"
"vegetation, each plant that bears seed and each tree that bears fruit" or "vegetation. Let them be plants that produce seeds and fruit trees that produce fruit." Here "vegetation" is used here as a general term that includes all plants and trees.
These are kinds of vegetation that have soft stems, rather than woody stems.
"trees that bear fruit with seeds in them"
The seeds would produce plants and trees that would be like the ones they came from. In this way, the plants and trees would "reproduce themselves" .
"It happened like that" or "That is what happened." What God commanded happened just as he said it should. This phrase appears throughout the chapter and has the same meaning wherever it appears. See how you translated this in Genesis 1:7.
Here "it" refers to the vegetation, plants, and trees. See how you translated this in Genesis 1:10.
This refers to the whole day. The writer speaks of the whole day as if it were these two parts. In the Jewish culture, a day begins when the sun sets. See how you translated this in [Genesis 1:5]
This refers to the third day that the universe existed. See how you translated "the first day" in Genesis 1:5 and decide if you should translate this the same way.
This is a command. By commanding that lights should exist, God made them exist.
"things that shine in the sky" or "things that give light in the sky." This refers to the sun, moon, and stars.
"in the expanse of the sky" or "in the large space of the sky"
"to separate the day from the night." This means "to help us tell the difference between day and night." The sun means it is daytime, and the moon and stars mean it is nighttime.
This is a command. By commanding that they should serve as signs, God made them serve as signs. Alternate translation: "Let them serve as signs" or "let them show"
Here this means something that reveals or points to something.
The sun, moon, and stars show the passing of time. This enables us to know when it is time for events that happen each week, month, or year.
times that are set aside for festivals and other things that people do
This is a command. By commanding that they should light the earth, God made them light the earth.
"to shine light on the earth" or "to brighten the earth." The earth does not self-shine but it is lit and so reflects light.
"It happened like that" or "That is what happened." What God commanded happened just as he said it should. This phrase appears throughout the chapter and has the same meaning. See how you translated this in Genesis 1:7.
"In this way God made the two great lights." This sentence explains what God did when he spoke.
"the two large lights" or "the two bright lights." The two great lights are the sun and the moon.
The lights that controlled the day are spoken of as if they were a human ruler that controlled what people do. Alternate translation: "to direct the daytime as a ruler directs a group of people" or "to mark the times of the day"
This refers only to the daylight hours.
"the smaller light" or "the dimmer light"
"in the heavens" or "in the open space of the sky"
"to separate the light from the darkness" or "to make it light at one time and dark at another." See how you translated this in Genesis 1:4.
Here "it" refers to the sun, moon, and stars. See how you translated this in Genesis 1:4.
This refers to the whole day. The writer speaks of the whole day as if it were these two parts. In the Jewish culture, a day begins when the sun sets. See how you translated this in [Genesis 1:5]
This refers to the fourth day that the universe existed. See how you translated "the first day" in Genesis 1:5 and decide if you should translate this the same way.
This is a command. By commanding that living creatures should fill the waters, God made them exist. Some languages may have one word that refers to all kinds of fish and sea animals. Alternate translation: "Let the waters be full of many living things" or "Let many animals that swim live in the oceans"
This is a command. By commanding that birds should fly, God made them fly.
"animals that fly" or "flying things"
"the open space of the sky" or "the sky"
"In this way God created"
"large animals that live in the sea"
Living things of the same "kind" are like the ones they came from. See how you translated "kind" in Genesis 1:11,12.
"every flying thing that has wings." If the word for birds is used, it may be more natural in some languages to simply say "every bird," since all birds have wings.
Here "it" refers to the birds and the fish. See how you translated this in Genesis 1:4.
"blessed the animals that he had made"
This is God's blessing. He told the sea animals to produce more sea animals like themselves, so that there would be many of them in the seas. The word "multiply" explains how they are to be "fruitful."
increase greatly in number
This is a command. By commanding that birds should multiply, God made birds multiply.
"animals that fly" or "flying things." See how you translated this in Genesis 1:20.
This refers to the whole day. The writer speaks of the whole day as if it were these two parts. In the Jewish culture, a day begins when the sun sets. See how you translated this in [Genesis 1:5]
This refers to the fifth day that the universe existed. See how you translated "the first day" in Genesis 1:5 and decide if you should translate this the same way.
"Let the earth produce living things" or "Let many living animals live on the earth." This is a command. By commanding that the earth should produce living creatures, God made the earth produce living creatures.
"so that each kind of animal will produce more of its own kind"
This shows that God created all kinds of animals. If your language has another way of grouping all the animals, you can use that, or you can use these groups.
These are animals that people look after.
"small animals"
These are animals that live in the wild. People do not take care of them.
"It happened like that" or "That is what happened." What God commanded happened just as he said it should. This phrase appears throughout the chapter and has the same meaning. See how you translated this in Genesis 1:7.
"In this way God made the wild animals"
Here "it" refers to the living creatures on the earth. See how you translated this in Genesis 1:4.
The word "us" here refers to God. God was saying what he intended to do. The pronoun "us" is plural. Possible reasons for the plural use are 1) the plural form suggests that God is discussing something with the angels that make up his heavenly court or 2) the plural form foreshadows the later New Testament implications that God exists in the form of the Holy Trinity. Some translate it as "Let me make" or "I will make." If you do this, consider adding a footnote to say that the word is plural.
human beings
These two phrases mean the same thing and emphasize that God made mankind to be like him. This verse does not tell in what ways God made people to be like himself. God does not have a body, so it does not mean that people would look like God. Alternate translation: "to truly be like us"
"rule over" or "have authority over"
These two sentences mean the same thing and emphasize that God created people in his own image.
The way that God created man was different from the way he created everything else. Do not specify that he created man by simply speaking, as in the preceding verses.
The word "them" refers to the man and woman God had created.
God told the man and the woman to produce more people like themselves so that there would be many of them. The word "multiply" explains how they are to be "fruitful." See how you translated this in [Genesis 1:22]
Fill the earth with people.
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God continues speaking.
"all the birds that fly in the sky"
"that breathes." This phrase emphasizes that these animals had a different kind of life than the plants. Plants do not breathe, and were to be used as food for the animals. Here "life" means physical life.
"It happened like that" or "That is what happened." What God commanded happened just as he said it should. This phrase appears throughout the chapter and has the same meaning. See how you translated it in Genesis 1:7.
"This is true and important: it"
Now when God looked at everything he had made, it was "very good. "See how you translated "it was good" in Genesis 1:10.
This refers to the whole day. The writer speaks of the whole day as if it were these two parts. In the Jewish culture, a day begins when the sun sets. See how you translated this in [Genesis 1:5]
This refers to the sixth day that the universe existed. See how you translated "the first day" in Genesis 1:5 and decide if you should translate this the same way.
God created the heavens and the earth.
The Spirit of God was moving above the surface of the waters.
God said, "Let there be light".
God made the sky between the expanses of water.
God made the sky between the expanses of water.
God called the dry land "earth," and the gathered waters he called "seas."
God made plants, fruit trees, and vegetation on the third day.
God made plants, fruit trees, and vegetation on the third day.
They are to divide the day from the night, and as signs for seasons, for days and years.
God made the two great lights and the stars.
God made the living creatures of the water, and birds.
Be fruitful, and multiply.
God made man in his image.
God gave man dominion over the fish of the sea, over the birds of the sky, over the livestock, over all the earth, and over every creeping thing that creeps upon the earth.
God created man in his own image.
Be fruitful and multiply, fill the earth and subdue it.
God gave them every herb yielding seed and every tree with fruit.
God thought it was very good.
Gen. 2:1-3 ends the first creation account, begun in the previous chapter. The second creation account, beginning in 2:4, is very different, using a more natural, story-telling style instead of following a set formula using repeated phrases. Translators should try to imitate this difference in their versions.
Gen. 2:4-25 presents an account of creation from a different viewpoint than the one given in Gen. 1:1-2:3. This second account should be regarded as filling out the first account, not as conflicting with it.
"Yahweh," the personal name of God in the Old Testament, appears for the first time in this chapter. Translators must decide how to represent it in their versions. For 2,000 years, it has been traditional for many Christians to represent it with the term "the Lord." Indeed, it is demanded by Roman Catholics for their Bible versions to continue doing this. Of course, the disadvantage of using "the Lord" is that this is a title for God, not a personal name. (See: Yahweh)
Translators who are not producing versions for Roman Catholics can consider transliterating the name "Yahweh," approximating the name as best as their project languages allow.
Or translators can consider using expressions for the supreme god that might exist in their project languages, such as, "The Great One," "The Ruler of All," "The One who Never Sleeps," etc. Of course, these are descriptive titles, not personal names, so they suffer from the same disadvantages that "the Lord" has.
Translators can also consider pairing a transliteration of "Yahweh" with a meaningful title for the supreme god in the project language. Whatever solution is found should be followed consistently when the name "Yahweh" occurs in the Scriptures.
This was not a vegetable garden or cultivated field. Instead, it was probably a large area of land with fruit trees and other plants bearing leaves, etc., that were good to eat. A river flowed out from the Garden of Eden, giving the impression that the Garden was a holy place; in the ancient Near East, temples had gardens and waterways. In Rev. 22:1-2, the throne of God in the New Jerusalem is pictured with a river flowing out from it. (See: holy)
"the sky" or "the skies"
"and all the many living things that are in them" or "and all the crowds of living things in them"
This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "God had finished creating them"
God did not work at all on the seventh day.
This is an idiom. Alternate translation: "had finished"
"on that day he did not work"
Possible meanings are 1) God caused the seventh day to produce good result or 2) God said that the seventh day was good.
"made it holy" or "set it apart"
The rest of Genesis 2 tells about how God created people on the sixth day.
"This is the story about the heavens and the earth." Possible meanings are 1) it is a summary of the events described in Genesis 1:1-2:3 or 2) it introduces the events to follow. If possible, translate this so that people can understood it either way.
"Yahweh God created them." In chapter 1 the writer always speaks of God as "God," but in chapter 2 he always speaks of God as "Yahweh God."
"when Yahweh God created." The word "day" refers to the whole time span of the creation, not to just one particular day.
This is the name of God that he revealed to his people in the Old Testament. See the translationWord page about Yahweh concerning how to translate this.
no shrubs growing in the wild that animals might eat
no leafy plants like vegetables or greens that both animals and humans can eat
to do everything he needed to do so that the plants would grow well
Possible meanings are 1) something like dew or morning fog o 2) springs from underground streams.
the entire earth
"molded man" or "shaped man" or "created man"
"a human being ... the human" or "a person ... the person" not specifically a male
"his nose"
"breath that makes things live." Here "life" refers to physical life.
This could have been an orchard of fruit trees or an area with all kinds of trees.
in the east
"the tree that gives people life"
Here this means "eternal life" or life that does not end.
"the tree that gives people the ability to understand both good and evil" or "the tree that makes people who eat its fruit able to know good things and bad things"
This is a figure of speech that refers to both extremes and everything in between. Alternate translation: "everything, including both good and evil"
"in the middle of the garden." The two trees may not have been in the exact center of the garden.
The garden was in Eden. The river continued to flow outside of Eden. "A river flowed through Eden to water the garden"
This is the only time this river is referred to in the Bible.
"the whole land called Havilah." It was somewhere in the Arabian Desert.
This phrase gives information about Havilah. Some languages would translate it as a separate sentence. Alternate translation: "There is gold in Havilah"
The word "there" is placed first in the sentence for emphasis. Alternate translation: "This is also where people can find bdellium and onyx stones"
This resin comes from a tree and smells nice. A resin is sticky stuff that comes out of some trees and can burn.
"onyx stones." Onyx is a certain kind of beautiful stone.
This is the only mention of this river in the Bible.
The river did not cover the whole land, but wound through various parts of the land.
"the entire land called Cush"
The Tigris River flows from north to south. If people do not know what Ashur was, it can be made clear that it was a city. Alternate translation: "it flows in the land east of the city of Ashur"
"the garden that was in Eden"
"to cultivate it." This means to do everything necessary so that the plants will grow well.
to guard against anything bad happening in it
"The fruit of every tree in the garden"
This pronoun is singular.
"may eat without restriction"
"the tree that gives people the ability to understand both good and evil" or "the tree that makes people who eat its fruit able to know good things and bad things." See how you translated this in Genesis 2:9.
"I will make a helper who is just right for him"
The phrases "of the field" and "of the sky" tell where the animals and birds are usually found. Alternate translation: "all kinds of animals and birds"
"all the animals that people look after"
This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "there was no companion that was right for him"
"caused the man to sleep intensely." A deep sleep is a time of sleeping in which a person is not easily disturbed or wakened.
This refers to the soft parts of the body like skin and muscle.
"From the rib ... he formed a woman." The rib was the material God made the woman from.
"Finally, this one's bones are like my bones, and her flesh is like my flesh." After looking among all the animals for a partner and not finding one, he finally saw someone who was like him and could be his partner. The man was probably expressing his feeling of relief and joy.
The translator may want to write a footnote saying "The Hebrew word for 'woman' sounds like the Hebrew word for 'man.'
What follows is written by the author. The man did not say these things.
"That is why a man"
"a man will stop living in his father and mother's home." This is about men in general. It does not refer to any particular man at any particular time.
This idiom speaks of sexual activity as though the bodies that are together become one body. Alternate translation: "their two bodies will become one body"
The word "they" refers to the man and the woman that God had created.
"not wearing clothing"
"they were not ashamed about being naked"
He rested from all his work, and he blessed and sanctified the day.
He rested from all his work, and he blessed and sanctified the day.
A mist went up from the earth.
Yahweh formed man from the dust of the ground and breathed the breath of life into him.
In the garden in Eden.
The tree of life and the tree of the knowledge of good and evil.
He was to work and maintain the garden.
You may freely eat from every tree in the garden, except the tree of the knowledge of good and evil.
You may freely eat from every tree in the garden, except the tree of the knowledge of good and evil.
In the day when the man violated the command, he would surely die.
He said it was not good that the man was alone.
The man gave every living creature a name.
A helper for the man corresponding to him.
Yahweh caused the man to sleep and took one of the man's ribs, and made the woman from the rib.
Because she was taken out of the man.
The man is united to the woman as his wife.
No.
This chapter continues the second creation account that began in Gen. 2:4. But a new section of this account begins in 3:1. The ULB reads, "Now the serpent was more shrewd than any other beast of the field which Yahweh God had made," because this is how the Scriptures introduce the serpent into the account. However, many languages prefer different ways to introduce new characters or things into stories, for example, "One of the wild animals made by God was the serpent" or "This is about the serpent, one of the wild animals that God had made."
Scholars typically refer to the events of this chapter as "the fall" or "the fall of man" because sin is introduced into creation. (See: sin)
In this chapter, God curses the man, the woman, and the serpent for their sins. In general, cursing is calling down God's punishment on someone or something. In this chapter, however, it is God himself who is doing the cursing. Of course, he does not call down punishment on the man, the woman, and the serpent from someone else. Instead, he is promising that he himself will punish them. (See: curse)
Most scholars believe that the serpent is Satan, even though his name is not used in this chapter. There are other places in Scripture where the serpent is used as an image for Satan. )
The writer is beginning a new part of the story.
"more cunning" or "smarter at getting what he wanted by telling lies"
The snake is pretending to be surprised that God has made this rule. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: "I am surprised that God said, 'You ... garden.'"
The word "you" is plural and refers to the man and the woman.
"We are allowed to eat" or "We have permission to eat"
The word "you" is plural and refers to the man and the woman.
"Do not eat it, and do not touch it" or "You must not eat it or touch it"
This tells what would happen if they ate or touched the fruit of that tree. Alternate translation: "If you eat it or touch it, you will die"
These words refer to the man and the woman and so are dual or plural.
These words refer to the man and the woman and so are dual or plural.
"your eyes will open." This idiom means "you will become aware of things" or "you will understand new things." This meaning can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: "It will be as though your eyes were opened"
Here "good and evil" is a figure of speech that refers to both extremes and everything in between. See how you translated "knowledge of good and evil" in [Genesis 2:9]
"the tree was delightful to look at" or "it was nice to look at" or "it was very beautiful"
"she wanted the tree's fruit because it could make a person wise" or "she wanted its fruit because it could make her understand what was right and wrong just as God does"
"Then their eyes opened" or "They became aware" or "They understood." See how you translated "your eyes will be opened" in Genesis 3:5.
put together, probably using vines as thread
If people do not know what fig leaves are like, this can be translated as "large leaves from a fig tree" or simply "large leaves."
They did this because they were ashamed. This implicit information can be made explicit. Alternate translation: "clothed themselves with them because they were ashamed"
"at the time of day when a cool breeze blows"
"from Yahweh God's sight" or "so that Yahweh God would not see them" or "from Yahweh God"
"Why are you trying to hide from me?" God knew where the man was. When the man answered, he did not say where he was but why he was hiding.
In verses 9 and 11, God was speaking to the man. Languages that have a singular form of "you" would use that here.
"I heard the sound you were making"
God knew the answer to this question. He asked it in order to help Adam to confess that he had disobeyed God.
Again, God knew that Adam had eaten from that tree. Translate this question in a form that shows that God was speaking about Adam's disobedience. The sentence can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: "You must have eaten from ... from."
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God already knew what the woman had done. When he asked this question, he was giving her the opportunity to tell him about it, and he was expressing his disappointment with what she had done. Many languages use rhetorical questions for scolding or rebuking. If possible, use a form that expresses this disappointment. It can also be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: "You have done a terrible thing."
"you alone are cursed." The word "curse" is first in Hebrew in order to emphasize the contrast between God's blessing on the animals and this curse on the serpent. This is a "curse formula," or the way that curses were expressed. By saying this curse, God made it happen.
"all domestic animals and all wild animals"
"You will move along the ground on your stomach." The words "it is upon your stomach" comes first to emphasize the contrast between the way other animals would move along using their legs and the way the serpent would slither along on its stomach. This is also part of the curse formula.
"you will eat dust." The words "it is dust" comes first to emphasize the contrast between the plants above the ground that other animals would eat and the dirty food on the ground that the serpent would eat. This is part of the curse formula.
This means that the serpent and the woman would become enemies.
The word "seed" refers to what a man puts into a woman to cause a baby to grow inside the woman. Like the word "offspring," it can refer to more than one person. Try to find a word that is singular but can refer to more than one person.
The words "he" and "his" refer to the woman's descendant. If "seed" was translated as plural, this can be translated as "they will bruise ... their heel"; in this case, consider inserting footnotes to say that the "they" and "their" are used to translate a singular pronoun.
"crush" or "strike" or "attack"
"I will make your pain increase much" or "I will make your pain to be very severe"
"in giving birth to children" or "when you give birth to children"
"You will have a strong desire for your husband." Possible meanings are 1) "You will want very much to be with your husband" or 2) "You will want to control your husband"
"he will be your master" or "he will control you"
The name Adam is the same as the Hebrew word for "man." Some translations say "Adam" and some say "the man." You may use either form as it refers to the same person.
This is an idiom. Alternate translation: "you have obeyed what your wife said"
You can say what it was that they ate. Alternate translation: "have eaten the fruit of the tree" or "have eaten some of the fruit of the tree"
"You must not eat from it" or "Do not eat its fruit"
The word "curse" comes first in the sentence to emphasize that the ground, which had been "good"
"by doing hard work"
The word "it" refers to the ground and is a metonym for the parts of the plants, which grow in the ground, that people eat. Alternate translation: "you will eat what grows from it"
Possible meanings are 1) "the plants that you take care of in your fields" or 2) "the wild plants that grow in the open fields."
"By doing hard work that makes your face sweat"
Here the word "bread" is a synecdoche for food in general. Alternate translation: "you will eat food"
"until you die and your body is put in the ground." In some cultures, they put the bodies of people who have died in a hole in the ground. Man's hard work does not end until the time of his death and burial.
"I made you from soil, so your body will become soil again." Translate both occurrences of "dust" with the same word in order to show that man begins and ends in the same condition.
Some translations say "Adam."
"gave his wife the name Eve" or "named his wife Eve"
Translators may write a footnote saying "The name Eve sounds like the Hebrew word that means 'living.'"
The word "living" refers to people. Alternate translation: "all people" or "all living people"
"clothing made out of animal skins"
Possible meanings are 1) God was referring to one human, the man, or 2) God was referring to humans in general, so this would mean the man and his wife. Even if God was speaking about one person, what he said applied to both of them.
"like us." The pronoun "us" is plural. See how you translated "Let us make" in Genesis 1:26.
Here "good and evil" is a figure of speech that refers to both extremes and everything in between. See how you translated "knowledge of good and evil" in [Genesis 2:9]
This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "I will not allow him"
"the tree that gives people life." See how you translated this in Genesis 2:9.
"dirt because he had been taken from dirt." This does not refer to the particular place on the land that the God took man from.
This means to what is needed so that plants grow well. See how you translated this in Genesis 2:5.
"God forced the man to leave the garden." This refers to the event in Genesis 3:23, where it says "Yahweh God sent him out of the garden of Eden." God did not send the man out a second time.
"in order to stop people from going to the tree of life"
Possible meanings are 1) a sword that had flames coming from it or 2) a fire that was shaped like a sword. Languages that do not have swords could use another weapon such as a spear or arrow.
The serpent asked the woman, "Has God really said, 'You must not eat from any tree of the garden'"?
The serpent said, "You will surely not die".
The serpent said they would be like God, knowing good and evil.
She saw it was good for food, a delight to the eyes, and desirable to make one wise.
The woman ate, and gave some to her husband who also ate.
When they ate, their eyes were opened and they knew that they were naked.
They hid themselves from God.
The man hid himself from God because he was naked and therefore afraid.
The man said the woman was responsible.
The woman said that the serpent was responsible.
God said he would cause them to hate each other.
God greatly multiplied the woman's pain in childbirth.
God cursed the ground so that only by painful toil would the man eat from it.
The man called the woman Eve, because she was the mother of all living things.
God made them garments of skins in order to clothe them.
God said that since Adam now knew good and evil he must not eat of the tree of life, because he would then live forever.
God drove the man out of the garden and placed cherubim there to guard the way to the tree of life.
Most of the text in this chapter is prose, but 4:23-24 is poetry. It would be good if the translator could put these two verses into poetic form, or at least into elegant speech, so that they are different from the rest of the chapter.
The theme of vengeance is important in this chapter. Ancient Hebrew society allowed for people to seek revenge if a relative was murdered. After Cain murdered his brother Abel, he thought that he would be helpless against this danger because he had been driven away from God's protection. (See: avenge)
The theme of vengeance continues with the words of Lamech, who had killed someone for injuring him: "I have killed a man for wounding me, a young man for bruising me. If Cain is avenged seven times as much, truly Lamech will be avenged seventy-seven times as much" (Gen. 4:23b-24).
This is a polite way of saying that the man had sexual relations with Eve. You may need to use another euphemism in your language.
"the human being" or "Adam"
The word for "man" typically describes an adult male, rather than a baby or child. If that would cause confusion, it could be translated as "manchild" or "boy" or "baby boy" or "son."
Translators may want to include a footnote that says "The name Cain sounds like the Hebrew word that means 'produce.' Eve named him Cain because she produced him."
We do not know how much time passed between the births of Cain and Abel. They may have been twins, or Abel may have been born after Eve became pregnant again. If possible, use an expression that does not tell how much time passed.
This means he did everything he needed to do so that the plants would grow well. See how "cultivate" is translated in Genesis 2:5.
This phrase is used to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using that method here.
Possible meanings are 1) "after some time had passed" or 2) "at the right time"
This refers to the food that came from plants he had tended. Alternate translation: "crops" or "harvest"
This refers to the fatty parts of the lambs that he had killed, it was the best part of the animal. Alternate translation: "some of their fat parts"
"looked favorably upon" or "was pleased with"
"did not look favorably upon" or "was not pleased with"
Some languages have an idiom for anger such as "He burned" or "His anger burned."
This means that the expression on his face showed that he was angry or jealous. Some languages have an idiom that describes what a person's face looks like when he is angry.
God used these rhetorical questions to tell Cain that he was wrong to be angry and scowl. They may also have been intended to give Cain an opportunity to confess that he was wrong.
God used this rhetorical question to remind Cain of something Cain should have already known. Alternate translation: "You know that if you do what is right, I will accept you"
God speaks of sin as if it were a person. Alternate translation: "But if you do not do what is right, you will desire to sin even more, and then you will do sinful things. You must refuse to obey it"
Here sin is spoken of as a dangerous wild animal that is waiting for the chance to attack Cain. Alternate translation: "you will become so angry that you will not be able to stop sin"
Languages that do not have a noun that means "sin" could translate this as "your desire to sin" or "the bad things you want to do."
Yahweh speaks of Cain's desire to sin as if it were a person over whom Cain should rule. Alternate translation: "you must control it so you do not sin"
Some early translations tell explicitly what Cain said to his brother. You may want to do the same if it is present in your national version. Alternate translation: "Cain said to Abel his brother, 'Let us go into the fields.'"
Abel was Cain's younger brother. Some languages may need to use the word for "younger brother."
Standing up to fight against a person is an idiom for attacking him. Alternate translation: "attacked"
God knew that Cain had killed Abel, but he asked Cain this question so that Cain would have to answer.
Cain used this rhetorical question so that he would not have to tell the truth. This can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: "I am not my brother's keeper!" or "You know that taking care of my brother is not my job!"
God uses a rhetorical question to rebuke Cain. This can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: "What you have done is terrible!"
Abel's blood is a metonym for his death, as if it were a person calling out for God to punish Cain. Alternate translation: "Your brother's blood is like a person calling out to me to punish the person who killed him"
This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "I am cursing you so that you will not be able to grow food from the ground"
God speaks of the earth as if it were a person who could drink Abel's blood. Alternate translation: "which is soaked with your brother's blood"
Here Cain is represented by his "hand," to emphasize that he personally had killed his brother. Alternate translation: "that spilled when you killed him" or "from you"
This means to do everything necessary to do so that the plants would grow well. See how "cultivate" is translated in Genesis 2:5.
The ground is personified as if it were a person who loses strength. Alternate translation: "the ground will not produce much food for you"
You can join these words together. Alternate translation: "A homeless wanderer"
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The term "your face" represents God's presence. Alternate translation: "I will not be able to speak to you"
See how you translated this in Genesis 4:12
This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "I will take vengeance on him seven times" or "I will punish that person seven times as severely as I am punishing you"
"would not kill Cain"
Even though Yahweh is everywhere, this idiom speaks of Cain as though he went far away. Alternate translation: "went away from where Yahweh spoke to him"
Translators may add a footnote saying "The word Nod means 'wandering.'"
This is a polite way of saying that Cain had sexual relations with his wife. You may need to use another euphemism in your language. See how you translated this in [Genesis 4:1]
"Cain built a city"
It is implied that Enoch grew up and married a woman. Alternate translation: "Enoch grew up and married and became the father of a son whom he named Irad"
This is a man's name.
women's names
See how you translated this woman's name in Genesis 4:19.
Possible meanings are 1) "He was the first person to live in a tent and have livestock" or 2) "his descendants live in tents and have livestock."
Possible meanings are 1) "He was the first person to play the harp and pipe" or 2) "He and his descendants played the harp and pipe."
See how you translated this woman's name in Genesis 4:19.
the name of a man
"who made tools out of bronze and iron"
a very strong metal used to make tools and weapons.
See how you translated these women's names in Genesis 4:19.
Lamech said the same thing twice for emphasis. His voice is a synecdoche for his whole person. Alternate translation: "listen carefully to me"
Lamech killed only one person. These two phrases means the same thing and are repeated to emphasize the certainly of his action. Alternate translation: "a young man because he hurt me"
Lamech knows that God will avenge Cain seven times. Alternate translation: "Since God will punish anyone who kills Cain seven times, Lamech"
This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "whoever kills me, God will punish seventy-seven times"
77
This is a polite way of saying that Adam had sexual relations with his wife. You may need to use another euphemism in your language. See how you translated this in [Genesis 4:1]
This is the reason that she named him Seth. This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: "explained, 'God has given me another child"
Translators may add a footnote that says "This name sounds like the Hebrew word that means 'has given.'"
This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: "Seth's wife bore him a son"
This is the first time people called God by the name Yahweh. This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: "to worship God by using the name Yahweh"
Cain worked the soil, and Abel was a shepherd.
Cain brought some of the fruit of the ground.
Abel brought some of the firstborn of his flock and some of the fat.
Yahweh accepted Abel's offering, but did not accept Cain's offering.
Yahweh accepted Abel's offering, but did not accept Cain's offering.
Cain was very angry, and his face looked dejected.
Yahweh told Cain to do what is right and he would be accepted.
Cain rose up and killed Abel.
Cain said, "I do not know. Am I my brother's keeper"?
Cain's curse was that the earth would not yield its strength to him, and he would be a fugitive and wanderer.
Yahweh put a mark on Cain.
Cain lived in the land of Nod, east of Eden.
Lamech had two wives.
Lamech told his wives that he had killed a man.
Another son of Adam and Eve was named Seth.
People began to call upon the name of Yahweh.
This chapter provides the first of many lists of descendants in the Bible. This is not a simple list, because the author makes comments about each person. Translators should format this text in the way that is clearest in the project language. Many may choose to introduce each new person in a separate paragraph, as the ULB and UDB do.
This is the beginning of the list of Adam's descendants.
This phrase means that God made mankind to be like him. This verse does not tell in what ways God made people to be like himself. God does not have a body, so it does not mean that people would look like God. See how "after our likeness" is translated in [Genesis 1:26]
This can be made active. Alternate translation: "when he created them"
Translators may write the words "one hundred thirty."
"he had a son"
These two phrases mean the same thing. They are used as a reminder that God made man in his own image. See how you translated similar phrases in Genesis 1:26.
See how you translated this name in Genesis 4:25.
Translators may write the numerals "800."
"He had more sons and daughters"
This phrase will be repeated throughout the chapter. Use the ordinary word for "died."
"Adam lived nine hundred and thirty years." People used to live a very long time. Use your ordinary word for "years." Alternate translation: "Adam lived a total of 930 years"
"one hundred and five years"
Here "father" means his actual father, not his grandfather. Alternate translation: "he had his son Enosh"
This is the name of a person.
"eight hundred and seven years"
"and had more sons and daughters"
"Seth lived nine hundred and twelve years." Seth lived a total of 912 years.
This phrase is repeated throughout the chapter. Use the ordinary word for "died."
The records in Genesis 5:6-27 have the same format. Translate them according to the notes in [Genesis 5:6-8]
"90 years"
"eight hundred and fifteen years"
"nine hundred and give years"
The records in Genesis 5:6-27 have the same format. Translate them according to the notes in [Genesis 5:6-8]
"70 years"
"eight hundred and forty years"
"nine hundred and ten years"
The records in Genesis 5:6-27 have the same format. Translate them according to the notes in [Genesis 5:6-8]
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The records in Genesis 5:6-27 have the same format. Translate them according to the notes in [Genesis 5:6-8]
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"he had his son Methuselah"
This is the name of a man.
To walk with someone is a metaphor for being in a close relationship with him. Alternate translation: "Enoch had a close relationship with God" or "Enoch lived in union with God"
"He had more sons and daughters"
"Enoch lived three hundred and sixty-five years." Enoch lived a total of 365 years.
The word "he" refers to Enoch. He was no longer on earth.
This means that God took Enoch to be with himself (God).
The records in Genesis 5:6-27 have the same format. Translate them according to the notes in [Genesis 5:6-8]
This Lamech is different from the Lamech in Genesis 4:18.
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"one hundred and eighty-two years"
"had a son"
Translators may want to add a footnote that says: "This name sounds like the Hebrew word that means 'rest.'"
Lamech says the same thing twice to emphasize how hard the work was. Alternate translation: "from working so hard with our hands"
"five hundred and ninety-five years"
"Lamech lived seven hundred seventy-seven years." Lamech lived a total of 777 years"
"he had his sons." This does not tell us whether the sons were born on the same day or in different years.
These sons may not be listed in the order of their birth. There is disagreement about which one was the oldest. Avoid translating this in a way that implies that the list is in the order of their ages.
Chapter five of Genesis is a record of the descendants of Adam.
Mankind was made in God's likeness.
God created mankind male and female.
Adam lived 930 years.
Seth lived 912 years.
Kenan lived 910 years.
Jared lived 962 years.
Enoch walked with God, and God took him.
Lamech said that Noah would give mankind rest from the work and the toil caused by the ground that Yahweh had cursed.
The sons of Noah were Shem, Ham, and Japheth.
Beginning in 6:22, the author gives statements summarizing events he tells about again in the text that follows. In the next chapter, the author sometimes gives summary statements that introduce events for the first time. If these statements, and the surrounding events, are not carefully translated, readers can believe that the same events happened twice or three times instead of only one time. Translators should be careful not to give this impression.
This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here.
This can be active. Alternate translation: "the women bore daughters"
Translators could add a footnote saying: "It is not clear whether this refers to heavenly beings or human beings. In either case, they were beings that God created." Some believe these words refer to angels who rebelled against God, that is, evil spirits or demons. Others think this may refer to powerful political rulers, and others think this may refer to the descendants of Seth.
Here Yahweh is talking about himself and his spirit, which is the Spirit of God.
This means that they have physical bodies that will one day die.
"They will live one hundred and twenty years." Possible meanings are 1) the normal lifespan of people would decrease to 120 years. Alternate translation: "They will not live more than 120 years" or 2) in 120 years everyone would die. Alternate translation: "They will live only 120 years"
These seem to have been giants, very tall, large people.
"The Nephilim were born because"
See how you translated this in Genesis 6:2.
"These Nephilim were the mighty men who lived long ago" or "These children grew to become the powerful fighters who lived long ago"
men who are courageous and victorious in battle
"famous men"
"everything their hearts wanted to think about"
The writer speaks of the heart as if it were the part of the body that thinks. Your language may use a word other than "heart" to talk about the part of people that thinks. Alternate translation: "their inner, secret thoughts"
The writer speaks of the heart as if it were the part of the body that feels sadness. Your language may use a word other than "heart" to talk about the emotions. Alternate translation: "he was very, very sad about it"
The writer speaks of God killing people as if God were wiping dirt off a flat surface. Alternate translation: "I will destroy mankind ... so that there will not be any people on the earth"
Some languages would need to translate this as two sentences. Alternate translation: "I created mankind. I will wipe them away"
"completely destroy." Here "wipe away" is used in a negative sense, for God is talking about destroying the people because of their sin.
The phrase "found favor" is an idiom which means to be approved of by someone. Also, the eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. Alternate translation: "Yahweh looked favorably on Noah" or "Yahweh was pleased with Noah"
This begins the story of Noah, which continues into chapter 9.
See how you translated this in Genesis 5:21.
"Noah had three sons" or "Noah's wife had three sons"
Translators may add the following footnote: "The sons are not listed in the order in which they were born."
Possible meanings are 1) the people who lived on the earth or 2) "The earth itself."
The people doing what is evil is spoken of as if they were food that has become rotten. Alternate translation: "was rotten" or "was completely evil"
Possible meanings are 1) "in God's sight" or 2) "in the presence of Yahweh" as in Genesis 4:16.
The writer speaks of violence as if it were something that could be put into a container and of the earth as a container. Alternate translation: "and there were very many violent people on the earth" or "because it was full of people who did evil things to each other"
The word "behold" here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows.
Possible meanings for what "all flesh" represents are 1) all human beings or 2) all physical beings, including humans and animal.
How a person behaves is spoken of as if it were a way or road. Alternate translation: "had stopped living the way God wanted" or "had behaved in an evil way"
See how you translated these words in Genesis 6:12.
"people everywhere on earth are violent"
"I will destroy both them and the earth" or "I will destroy them when I destroy the earth"
This refers to a very large box that would be able to float on water even in a very bad storm. "a large boat" or "a ship" or "a barge"
People do not know exactly what kind of tree this was. "wood used for building boats" or "good wood"
The reason for doing this can be made explicit. Alternate translation: "spread pitch on it" or "paint tar on it" or "cover it with pitch to make it waterproof"
This is a thick, sticky or oily liquid that people put on the outside of a boat to stop water from going through gaps in the wood into the boat.
A cubit was a unit of measure, a little less than half a meter long.
"138 meters." You may use the Hebrew measuring units from the ULB or the metric units from the UDB or your own culture's units if you know how they compare to the metric units. You may also write a footnote that says: "Three hundred cubits is about 138 meters."
"twenty-three meters"
"fourteen meters"
This was probably a peaked or slanted roof. Its purpose was to protect everything in the ark from the rain.
A cubit was a little less than half a meter long. See how you translated this in [Genesis 6:15]
"a lower deck, a middle deck, and an upper deck" or "three decks inside"
"floor" or "level"
God said this in order to emphasize that he would do what he was about to say. "Pay attention" or "Listen to what I am saying"
In some languages it may b e better to say "to send" instead of "to bring. It is also possible to avoid the direction and say "to cause." Alternate translation: "I am about to send a flood of waters" or "I am about to cause a flood"
Here "flesh" represents all physical beings, including humans and animals.
Here "breath" represents life. Alternate translation: "that lives"
"make a covenant between you and me"
with Noah
"You will enter the ark." Some translations say "You will go into the ark."
"You must bring into the ark two of every kind of living creature"
an animal God created
See how you translated these words in Genesis 6:12.
"of each different kind"
This refers to small animals that move on the ground .
This refers to two of every kind of bird and animal.
This refers to Noah and so is singular.
"so you can keep them alive"
These refer to Noah and are singular.
"food that people and animals eat"
These two sentences mean the same thing. The second sentence explains the first and emphasizes that Noah obeyed God. These parallel sentences can be combined into one. Alternate translation: "So Noah did everything that God commanded him to do"
The sons of God took for themselves wives from the daughters of mankind.
God said that mankind would live 120 years.
The mighty men of old were giants born from the marriage of the sons of God with the daughters of men.
Yahweh saw that the wickedness of mankind was great, and that their every thought was evil.
Yahweh decided to wipe away mankind from the earth.
Noah found favor with Yahweh.
Noah was a righteous man, blameless, and a man who walked with God.
God told Noah to build a boat.
God said that he was going to bring the flood of waters upon the earth.
God established his covenant with Noah.
God told Noah to bring his wife, his three sons, and his sons' wives.
Two of every kind of living creature, male and female, were to be brought on the boat.
Noah did all that God commanded him.
In this chapter, the author continues his pattern of statements that summarize events already described, and of repeating events that have already happened. Again, careful translation is necessary so that readers do not think that the same events happened more than one time in the story. Special attention in this regard should be given to 7:5,10,13, and 17.
Noah sacrificed to Yahweh some of the "clean" animals and birds that he had with him (8:20). These were animals and birds that the Hebrew people would later consider to be fit to eat and to sacrifice to God. (See: clean)
The flood is presented as occurring because of rain pouring out of the sky and because of seawater rising from under the earth. This is because the ancient Hebrews pictured the earth as resting on top of the sea. They also pictured the sky as containing water above the earth that poured down through windows in the sky when God allowed it to rain. Translators should not try to change this picture in order to suit what readers believe about the world. (See: heaven)
The events in this chapter take place after Noah built the ark, gathered the food, and put it in the ark.
"Enter ... into the ark." Many translations read "Go ... into the ark."
The word "you" refers to Noah and is singular.
"your family"
This means that God saw Noah as righteous.
This refers to all the people who were living at that time. Alternate translation: "among all the people who are now living"
"take." Many translations read "you will take."
This was an animal that God allowed his people to eat and to sacrifice.
These were animals that God did not allow people to eat or to sacrifice.
"so that they will have offspring that will live" or "so that, after the flood, animals will continue to live"
This was a full forty days. It was not a total of eighty days. Alternate translation: "forty days and nights"
This refers to physical life.
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Verses 6-12 repeat for a second time and give more detail about how Noah went into the ark with his family and the animals in Genesis 7:1-5. This is not a new event.
"happened" or "came on the earth"
"because of the flood that would come" or "to escape the flood water"
Verses 6-12 repeat for a second time and give more detail about how Noah went into the ark with his family and the animals in Genesis 7:1-5. This is not a new event.
These were animals that God allowed people to eat and to give to him as sacrifices.
These were animals that God did not allow people to eat or to give to him as sacrifices.
The animals entered the boat in pairs of one male and one female.
This phrase is used here to mark an important event in the story: the start of the flood. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here.
"after seven days" or "seven days later"
The implicit information, "it started to rain" can be made explicit. Alternate translation: "it started to rain and the waters of the flood came upon the earth"
Verses 6-12 repeat for a second time and give more detail about how Noah went into the ark with his family and the animals in Genesis 7:1-5. This is not a new event.
"When Noah was 600 years old"
Since Moses wrote this book, it is possible he is referring to the second month of the Hebrew calendar. But this is uncertain.
This refers to the specific day when the rain began. This phrase emphasizes how all of these major events happened quickly when the time arrived.
"water from under the earth rushed up to the earth's surface"
This refers to the sea that was thought to be under the earth.
This refers to rain. It describes the sky as a ceiling that keeps the waters above it from falling down to the earth. When the windows, or doors, in the sky were opened, the water came down through them. Alternate translation: "the sky opened" or "the doors in the sky opened"
If your language has a word for a great amount of rain, it would be appropriate here.
Verses 13-18 repeat for a third time and give more detail about how Noah went into the ark with his family and the animals in Genesis 7:1-5. This is not a new event.
"On that exact day." This refers to the day that the rain started. Verses 13-16 tell what Noah did immediately before the rain began.
These four groups are listed to show that every kind of animal was included. If your language has another way of grouping all the animals, you can use that, or you can use these groups. See how you translated this in Genesis 1:24.
This refers to animals that crawl on the ground, like rodents, insects, lizards, and snakes.
"so that each kind of animal will produce more of its own kind." See how you translated this in Genesis 1:24.
Verses 13-18 repeat for a third time and give more detail about how Noah went into the ark with his family and the animals in Genesis 7:1-5. This is not a new event.
Here "flesh" represents animals.
Here "breath" represents life. Alternate translation: "that lived"
The word "came" can be translated as "went."
Here "flesh" represents animals. Alternate translation: "of every kind of animal"
The full meaning can be stated explicitly. Alternate translation: "after they entered the ark"
Verses 13-18 repeat for a third time and give more detail about how Noah went into the ark with his family and the animals in Genesis 7:1-5. This is not a new event.
"the water became very deep." This happened during the forty days while the water kept coming.
"it caused the ark to float"
"causes the ark to rise up high over the ground" or "he ark floated on top of the deep water"
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"The water totally overwhelmed the earth"
"six meters." See how you translated this in Genesis 6:15.
"moved about" or "roamed"
This refers to all the animals that move around on the ground in large groups.
Here "noses" represent the whole animal or human. Alternate translation: "everyone that breathed"
The words "breath" and "life" represent the power that causes people and animals to be alive.
If necessary, this can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "So every living thing ... perished" or "So the flood completely destroyed every living thing"
This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "God destroyed them all"
"so they were no longer on the earth"
"the people and animals that were with him"
"remained" or "lived" or "remained alive"
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Seven males and females of every clean animal and the birds were to go on the boat.
God said that the rain would continue for forty days and forty nights.
Noah was six hundred years old when the flood came upon the earth.
The animals came to Noah and went into the boat.
The waters came from deep underground, and from the sky.
Yahweh shut the door after them.
The water rose fifteen cubits above the tops of the mountains.
All creatures that moved upon the earth, and all mankind, died.
Only Noah and those with him in the ark were left alive.
Some translations set poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to show that it is poetry. The ULB does this with the poetry in 8:22, which is part of what Yahweh was telling Noah.
The waters receded after this great flood. Because there was so much water, and it came from God, it is described in a unique way.
It is unclear where Ararat was located. Many people believe it is located in the modern country of Turkey.
This does not mean that God had forgotten about Noah and suddenly remembered him. The words "God remembered Noah" mean that God was now going to help Noah after the flood. Alternate translation: "God had not forgotten Noah" or "God thought of Noah" or "God decided to help Noah"
This refers to a very large box that would be able to float on water even in a very bad storm. See how you translated this in Genesis 6:14. Alternate translation: "a large boat" or "a ship" or "a barge"
"The water stopped coming out of the ground and the rain stopped falling." This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "God closed the fountains of the deep and the windows of heaven"
"water from under the earth." See how this is translated in Genesis 7:11.
This refers to the rain stopping. It describes the sky as a ceiling that keeps the waters above it from falling down to the earth. When the windows, or doors, in the sky were closed, the water stopped coming through them. See how "the windows of heaven" is translated in Genesis 7:11. Alternate translation: "the sky closed" or "the doors in the sky closed"
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"landed" or "stopped on solid ground"
Because Moses wrote this book, it is possible he is referring to the seventh month of the Hebrew calendar, but this is uncertain.
Because Moses wrote this book, it is possible he is referring to the tenth month of the Hebrew calendar, but this is uncertain.
"On the first day of the tenth month"
This can be made more explicit: "appeared above the surface of the water."
This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. Alternate translation: "It happened that"
The phrase "which he had made" tells about the window. Some languages may need to make this phrase a separate sentence: "Noah had made a window in the boat. It came about after forty days that he opened the window"
a black bird that eats mainly the flesh of dead animals
This means that the raven kept leaving the boat and returning.
This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "until the wind dried up the waters" or "until the waters dried up"
If you use masculine pronouns for the word "dove," you may need to insert Noah's name here to avoid confusion: "Noah sent out a dove."
"to land" or "to perch." It means to land on something in order to rest from flying.
The word "dove" is feminine in the author's language. You could translate these phrases with the pronouns "its ... it ... it" or "his ... he ... him," depending on how your language refers to a dove.
If you use masculine pronouns for the word "dove," you may need to insert Noah's name here to avoid confusion: "Noah sent out a dove," "Noah stretched forth his hand," etc.
"He again waited for seven days"
"Pay attention" or "This is important"
"a leaf that she had just plucked from an olive tree"
"broken off"
If people would not understand, you could state the reason explicitly: "She did not return again to him because she found a place to land."
This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here.
"when Noah was 601 years old"
Since Moses wrote this book it is possible he is referring to the first month of the Hebrew calendar, but this is uncertain.
This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "the waters covering the earth dried up" or "the wind dried up the waters covering the earth"
This refers to a cover that kept the rain water from going into the ark.
The word "behold" tells us to pay attention to the important information that comes next.
"On the twenty seventh day of the second month." This may refer to the second month of the Hebrew calendar, but this is uncertain.
"the ground was completely dry"
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"Leave." Some translations read "Come out."
"Take." Some translations read "Bring out."
"every kind of living creature." See how "all flesh" is translated in Genesis 6:12.
This is an idiom. See how this is translated in [Genesis 1:28]
Some translations read "Noah came out."
"in groups of their own kinds"
"built an altar dedicated to Yahweh" or "built an altar for worshiping Yahweh." He may have built it with stones.
Here "clean" means that God allowed these animals to be used in sacrifice. Some animals were not used for sacrifices and were called "unclean."
Noah killed the animals and then completely burned them up as an offering to God. Alternate translation: "burned the animals as offerings to Yahweh"
This refers to the good smell of the roasted meat.
Here the word "heart" refers to God's thoughts and emotions.
"do very serious harm to the earth"
This can be made more explicit: "because mankind is sinful."
"from their earliest years they tend to do evil things" or "when they are young, they want to do evil things"
Here the word "heart" refers to people's thoughts, emotions, desires, and will. Alternate translation: "their tendency" or "their habit"
This refers to an older child. Alternate translation: "from their youth"
"While the earth lasts" or "As long as the earth exists"
"the season for planting"
These expressions both refer to two major weather conditions in the year. Translators may use local expressions.
the hot, dry time of the year
the cool, wet or snowy time of the year
"will continue"
God made a wind blow, the fountains of the deep were closed, and the rain stopped.
God made a wind blow, the fountains of the deep were closed, and the rain stopped.
The ark came to rest upon the mountains of Ararat.
The first time, the dove found no place to rest her foot, and she returned to Noah in the ark.
The second time, the dove returned with a freshly plucked olive leaf.
The third time, the dove did not return to Noah.
Noah saw that the surface of the ground was dry.
God wanted all the living creatures to be fruitful and multiply on the earth.
Noah built an altar to Yahweh and offered burnt offerings on the altar.
God promised to not again curse the ground, and to not again destroy every living thing.
God said that man's inclination from childhood was evil.
Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers or songs. The ULB and many other English translations set the lines of 9:6-7, which is the poetic part of the quotation, farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text. They also set apart 9:25-27, which contains two quotations.
Some translations set poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to show that it is poetry. The ULB does this with the poetry in 9:6 and 9:25-27.
There is a noticeable shift in man's relationship with the animals on the earth. Before the flood, there apparently was harmony between man and the animals. After the flood, the animals fear man and man is permitted to eat the animals, something he was not allowed to do previously.
This chapter introduces the concept that there is life in the blood of an animal and in man. In Hebrew thought, blood represents the life present in a living thing. This is an image used throughout Scripture. (See: life and blood)
God made a covenant with Noah. This covenant was an unconditional promise God made to never destroy the whole world with a flood. Rainbows are a perpetual sign of this covenant. (See: covenant and promise)
In Noah's culture, it was unacceptable to see a father's nakedness. It was wrong for Ham to show his brothers their father's nakedness. Ham's actions were insulting or disrespectful.
This is a command that God gives. He expects Noah to obey him.
This is God's blessing. He told Noah and his family to produce more humans like themselves, so that there would be many of them. The word "multiply" explains how they are to be "fruitful." See how you translated these commands in [Genesis 1:28]
The writer speaks of fear and dread as if they were physical objects that could be upon the animals. Alternate translation: "Every living thing ... and all the fish of the sea will be dreadfully afraid of you"
The words "fear" and "dread" mean basically the same thing and emphasize how afraid the animals will be of mankind. Alternate translation: "A dreadful fear of you" or "A terrible fear of you"
"every animal on the earth." This is the first of the four categories of animals that the writer lists, and not a summary of the rest of the animals that he mentions next. Here, the writer is referring to larger animals that walk on the earth.
This is a general term for things that fly. See how you translated this in Genesis 1:21.
This includes all types of small animals. See how you translated this in Genesis 1:25.
The hand represents control. This can be made active. Alternate translation: "They are given into your control" or "I have put them under your control"
God continues speaking to Noah and his sons.
Translators may add a footnote such as this: "The blood is a symbol for life." They may also add a footnote that says something like this: "God was commanding people not to eat meat while the blood was still in it. They had to drain out the blood first."
God continues speaking to Noah and his sons.
This contrasts man's blood with the blood of animals (Genesis 9:4).
It is implied that the blood is shed, or poured out, or spilled out. Alternate translation: "if anyone causes your blood to pour out" or "if anyone spills your blood" or "if anyone kills you"
This refers to physical life.
This payment refers to the death of the murderer, not to money. Alternate translation: "I will require anyone who kills you to pay"
Here the word "hand" refers to the one who is responsible for something happening.
"I will require any animal that takes your life to pay"
"I will require anyone who takes the life of another person to pay"
This phrase refers to the person in a very personal way. Alternate translation: "From that very man"
Here "brother" is used as a general reference to relatives, such as members of the same tribe, clan, or people group.
The shedding of blood is a metaphor for killing someone. This means that if a person murders someone, someone else must kill the murderer. However, "blood" is very significant in this passage and should be used in the translation if possible. Translate "sheds blood" with words that indicate a major loss of blood that causes death.
"because God made people to be like him" or "because I made people in my own image"
This is God's blessing. He told Noah and his family to produce more humans like themselves, so that there would be many of them. The word "multiply" explains how they are to be "fruitful." See how you translated this in [Genesis 1:28]
God was already speaking to them. This phrase marks a change in what God was going to speak about. Alternate translation: "God continued speaking to Noah and his sons" or "Then God went on to say"
This phrase is used in English to mark the change from God talking about what Noah and his sons must do to talking about what God would do.
"make a covenant between you and me." See how you translated this in Genesis 6:18.
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God continues speaking to Noah and his sons.
"By saying this, I make my covenant with you." See how similar words are translated in Genesis 6:18.
Possible meanings for what "all flesh" represents are 1) all human beings or 2) all physical beings, including humans and animal. See how this is translated in [Genesis 6:12]
"There will never again be a flood that destroys the earth." There would be floods, but they would not destroy the whole earth.
This means a reminder of something that was promised.
The covenant applies to Noah and his family and also to all generations that follow.
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God continues speaking to Noah and his sons.
"Whenever." It is something that would happen many times.
It is not clear who will see the rainbow, but because the covenant is between Yahweh and people, if you need to say who it is who will see the rainbow, it would be best to name both Yahweh and people. This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: "people and I see the rainbow"
the colorful strip of light that appears in the rain when the sun shines from behind the viewer
This does not mean that God would first forget. Alternate translation: "I will think about my covenant"
The word "you" is plural. God was speaking to Noah and Noah's sons.
"every kind of living being"
Possible meanings for what "all flesh" represents are 1) all human beings or 2) all physical beings, including humans and animal. See how this is translated in [Genesis 6:12]
God continues speaking to Noah and his sons.
"so that I will remember" or "so that I will think about"
God is speaking here. Alternate translation: "between me and every living creature"
"every kind of living being." See how you translated this in Genesis 9:15.
God was already talking to Noah. This phrase marks the final part of what God was saying. Alternate translation: "God finished by saying to Noah" or "So God said to Noah"
Verses 18-19 introduce the three sons of Noah, who will be an important part of the next story.
Ham was Canaan's true father.
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person who raises plants for food
"drank too much wine"
The text does not specify how much of Noah's body was uncovered as he lay drunk. His sons' reactions show us that it was shameful.
This refers to Noah.
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He awoke after drinking wine and becoming drunk. He "became sober."
This refers to Ham. Alternate translation: "his youngest son, Ham"
In verses 25-27 Noah pronounced a curse on Ham's son and blessings on Ham's brothers. What Noah said about them also applied to their descendants, as shown in the UDB. Some translations set poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to show that it is poetry. The ULB does this with the poetry in Noah's curse and blessings in verses 25-27.
"I curse Canaan" or "May bad things happen to Canaan"
This was one of Ham's sons. Alternate translation: "Ham's son Canaan"
"the lowest servant of his brothers" or "the least important servant of his brothers"
This could refer either to Canaan's brothers or to his relatives in general.
If you can, format these verses as they are formatted here to show your readers that this is poetry.
"Praised be Yahweh, the God of Shem," or "Yahweh, the God of Shem, is worthy of praise" or "I praise Yahweh, the God of Shem"
"And let Canaan be Shem's servant." This includes Canaan's and Shem's descendants.
Possible meanings are 1) "May God make Japheth's territory larger" or 2) "May God cause Japheth to have many descendants."
"let him leave peacefully with Shem." This includes Japheth's and Shem's descendants.
"Let Canaan be Japheth's servant." This includes Canaan's and Japheth's descendants.
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God told Noah and his sons to be fruitful, multiply, and fill the earth.
God gave Noah and his sons both the green plants and every moving thing that lived as food.
God commanded that meat not be eaten with the blood in it.
God said that the life was in the blood.
God declared that the one who shed a man's blood must have his blood shed.
God declared that the one who shed a man's blood must have his blood shed.
God made man in God's image.
God made a covenant promise that never again will all flesh be destroyed by a flood.
God made a covenant promise that never again will all flesh be destroyed by a flood.
God made a covenant promise that never again will all flesh be destroyed by a flood.
God placed the rainbow in the clouds as the sign of the covenant he made with the earth.
God made a covenant promise that never again will all flesh be destroyed by a flood.
God placed the rainbow in the clouds as the sign of the covenant he made with the earth.
God placed the rainbow in the clouds as the sign of the covenant he made with the earth.
The names of the three sons of Noah were Shem, Ham, and Japheth.
After he planted a vineyard, Noah drank some of the wine and became drunk.
After he planted a vineyard, Noah drank some of the wine and became drunk.
Shem and Japheth walked backwards with a garment, while turned the other way, in order to cover the nakedness of their father.
Noah cursed Ham and said, "Cursed be Canaan. May he be a servant to his brothers' servants."
Noah blessed both Shem and Japheth.
Noah blessed both Shem and Japheth.
This chapter begins a genealogical record. It also records the location of ancient people groups.
While these places may be located in the same area as the Assyria mentioned later in Scripture, they are not the same kingdom.
This is an unusual phrase meaning "were sons of."
"This is the account of Noah's sons." This sentence introduces the account of Noah's descendants in Genesis 10:1-11:9.
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"Javan's sons and descendants separated and moved to the coastlands and islands"
This refers to people who lived along the coast and on the islands.
"their homelands." These are the places that the people moved to and lived in.
"Each people group spoke its own language" or "The people groups divided themselves according to their languages"
Mizraim is the Hebrew name for "Egypt."
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Possible meanings are 1) "mighty warrior" or 2) "mighty man" or 3) "powerful ruler."
Possible meanings are 1) "in Yahweh's sight" or 2) "with Yahweh's help"
This introduces a proverb. Your language may introduce proverbs and sayings in a different way. Alternate translation: "This is the reason people say"
Possible meanings are 1) the first centers he developed or 2) the important cities.
"Nimrod went into Assyria"
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The list of Noah's descendants continues.
Mizraim was one of Ham's sons. His descendants became the people of Egypt. Mizraim is the Hebrew name for Egypt.
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These names refer to larger groups of people that descended from Canaan.
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line between one person's land and another person's land
The direction south can be stated explicitly if needed. Alternate translation: "from Sidon city in the north as far south as Gaza town, which is near Gerar"
The direction "east" or "inland" can be stated explicitly if needed. Alternate translation: "then east toward Sodom, Gomorrah, Admah, and Zeboyim towns, as far as Lasha"
The word "these" refers to the people and people groups who were listed in verses Genesis 6-19.
"broken up according to their different languages"
"in their homelands"
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Arphaxad was one of Shem's sons.
Translators may add a footnote note that says: "The name Peleg means 'division.'"
This can be made active. Alternate translation: "the people of the earth divided themselves" or "the people of the earth separated from one another" or "God divided the people of the earth"
Joktan was one of Eber's sons.
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"These" here refers to the sons of Joktan.
"The land they controlled" or "The land they lived in"
The word "these" refers to the descendants of Shem (Genesis 10:21-29).
This refers back to all the people listed in Genesis 10:1-31.
"listed by"
"From these clans the nations divided and spread over the earth" or "These clans divided from each other and formed the nations of the earth"
This can be stated clearly or more explicitly. Alternate translation: "after the flood destroyed the earth"
When the clans eventually spread out, each clan had its own language.
Nimrod was known as a mighty hunter before Yahweh.
The first of Nimrod's primary cities was Babel.
Nimrod also built cities in Assyria.
Canaan was a descendant of Ham.
When the clans eventually spread out, each clan had its own language.
In the days of Peleg, the earth was divided.
When the clans eventually spread out, each clan had its own language.
The nations came from the clans of the sons of Noah.
This chapter is a story traditionally referred to as the "Tower of Babel."
This chapter seeks to answer the questions: why do people speak different languages? how did people become so dispersed across the earth? God's punishment described in this chapter may also explain why the world has racial and ethnic divisions.
After the flood, people began to live shorter lives. This chapter begins to record the shortening of the average lifespan.
The statement "Yahweh came down to see" is a type of personification. Yahweh always knows what happens on earth. This statement indicates that Yahweh is about to bring judgment on mankind. (See: and judge)
The people were very full of pride and rebelled against God in this action.
This word shows that the writer is beginning a new part of the story.
This represents all the people on the earth. Alternate translation: "all the people on the earth"
These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize that all people spoke the same language.
"they moved around"
Possible meanings are 1) "in the east" or 2) "from the east" or 3) "to the east." The preferred choice is "in the east" because Shinar is to the east of where scholars believe the ark came to rest.
stopped moving from one place to another and began to live at one location
If your language has a way of urging or commanding people to begin work, like the English "Come on!" you might use it here.
People make bricks out of clay and heat them in a very hot oven to make them hard and strong.
a thick, sticky, black liquid that comes up from the ground
This is a thick substance made of lime powder, clay, sand, and water used to make stones or bricks stick together.
"let us make our reputation great"
reputation
This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "we will separate from each other and live in different places"
"the people"
The information about where he came down from can be made explicit: "came down from heaven." This does not tell how he came down. Use a general word meaning "came down."
"to observe" or "to look more closely"
All the people were one big group and they all spoke the same language.
Possible meanings are 1) "they have begun to do this," meaning that they have begun to build the tower but it is not finished, or 2) "this is just the first thing they have done," meaning that in future they will do greater things.
This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: "anything they intend to do will be possible for them" or "they will be able to do anything they want to do"
If your language has a way of urging or commanding people to begin work, like the English "Come on!" you might use it here. See how this is translated in Genesis 11:3.
The word "us" is plural even though it refers to God. Some translate it as "let me go down" or "I will go down." If you do this, consider adding a footnote to say that the pronoun is plural. See the note on "Let us make" in [Genesis 1:26]
This means that Yahweh would cause the people all over the earth to stop speaking the same language. Alternate translation: "mix up their language"
This was the purpose of confusing their language. Alternate translation: "so that they will not be able to understand what each other is saying"
"from the city"
The name "Babel" sounds like the word that means "confused." Translators may want to add a footnote about this.
It means that Yahweh caused the people all over the earth to no longer speak the same language. Alternate translation: "mixed up the language of the whole earth"
The rest of this chapter lists the line of Shem's descendants down to Abram.
This sentence begins the list of Shem's descendants.
This is the flood from Noah's time when people had become so evil that God sent a worldwide flood to cover the earth.
"had his son Arphaxad" or "his son Arphaxad was born"
a man's name
Translators may write the words or the numerals "100" and "2."
Translators may write the words or the numeral "500."
"his son Shelah was born"
This is a man's name.
"four hundred and three years"
The records in Genesis 11:12-25 have the same format. See how you translated them in [Genesis 11:12-13]
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The records in Genesis 11:12-25 have the same format. See how you translated them [Genesis 11:12-13]
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The records in Genesis 11:12-25 have the same format. See how you translated them in [Genesis 11:12-13]
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The records in Genesis 11:12-25 have the same format. See how you translated them in [Genesis 11:12-13]
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The records in Genesis 11:12-25 have the same format. See how you translated them in [Genesis 11:12-13]
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The records in Genesis 11:12-25 have the same format. See how you translated them in [Genesis 11:12-13]
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We do not know the birth order of his sons.
This sentence introduces the account of Terah's descendants. Genesis 11:27-25:11 tells about Terah's descendants, particularly his son Abraham. Alternate translation: "This is the account of Terah's descendants"
This means that Haran died while his father was still living. Alternate translation: "Haran died while his father, Terah, was with him"
"married wives"
This is a female name.
This word is used to introduce new information about Sarai that will become important in later chapters.
This term describes a woman who is physically unable to conceive or bear a child.
Here the word "his" refers to Terah.
"his daughter-in-law Sarai, who was the wife of his son Abram"
These are two different names and they are spelled differently in Hebrew. One refers to a person and the other refers to a city. (The "h" sound in the city's name is louder than the "h" sound in the person's name.) You might choose to spell them differently in your language to show this.
"two hundred and five years"
Immediately after the flood, there was one language on the whole earth.
The people built their city and tower in the land of Shinar.
Instead of spreading across the whole earth as God had commanded, the people decided to build a city and a tower.
The people wanted to make a name for themselves.
Yahweh came down and confused the people's languages.
God confused their languages so they would not understand each other.
God caused the people to scatter across the face of all the earth, as he had commanded.
The name of the city was Babel.
The descendants of Shem, son of Noah, are given in this chapter.
The father of Abram was Terah.
Terah's son Haran had a son named Lot.
Terah lived in Ur of the Chaldeans.
Abram's wife's name was Sarai.
Abram's wife's Sarai was barren and had no children.
Terah moved to the land of Canaan with Abram, Sarai, and Lot.
When God said, "Go from your country, and from your relatives," he established several new people groups. These groups descended from Abram.
God made a covenant with Abram. This covenant was not conditioned upon anything that Abram needed to do, but the fulfillment of its promises is conditioned upon the actions of each generation of his descendants. It has not yet been fulfilled in its entirety. (See: covenant and fulfill and promise)
Abram was afraid the Egyptians would see him as a foreigner and upon seeing his beautiful wife, they would try to kill him. This would free Sarai to marry someone else. Apparently, it would have been easy for them to kill a foreigner without punishment. If she was Abram's sister, they would have shown favor to him. (See: and favor)
This word is used to mark a new part of the story.
"Go from your land, from your family"
Here "you" is singular and refers to Abram, but Abram represents his descendants. Alternate translation: "I will start a great nation through you" or "I will make your descendants become a great nation"
The word "name" represents the person's reputation. Alternate translation: "make you famous"
The words "to other people" are understood. Alternate translation: "you will be a blessing to other people"
"I will curse whoever treats you in a shameful way" or "if anyone treats you as worthless, I will curse him"
This can be made active. Alternate translation: "I will bless all the families of the earth through you"
"Because of you" or "Because I have blessed you"
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This includes animals and non-living property.
Possible meanings are 1) "slaves that they had accumulated" or 2) "the people whom they had gathered to be with them."
Only Abram's name is mentioned because he was the head of the family. God had given him the command to take his family and go there. Alternate translation: "So Abram and his family went through the land"
"the land of Canaan"
Moreh was probably the name of a place.
"Yahweh, because he had appeared to him"
Abram had many people with him as he traveled. People who moved from place to place lived in tents. Alternate translation: "they set up their tents"
"prayed in the name of Yahweh" or "worshiped Yahweh"
You may need to make explicit that he took his tent with him. "Then Abram took his tent and continued journeying."
"toward the Negev region" or "toward the south" or "south to the Negev desert"
The crops did not grow well that season. This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: "There was a shortage of food"
"in the area" or "in the land where Abram was living"
Possible meanings are 1) "went further south" or 2) "went away from Canaan into." It would be best to translate this using your usual words for going from a higher place to a lower place.
The phrase "See now" indicates that what follows is a polite request for the hearer to pay attention. "Please listen carefully: I"
The reason they would kill Abram can be made explicit: "they will kill me so that they can marry you"
This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "so that, because of you, they will not kill me"
Possible meanings are 1) This phrase is used here to mark where the action starts, and if your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here, or 2) "And that was what happened" .
"Pharaoh's officials saw Sarai" or "the king's officials saw her"
This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "Pharaoh took her into his household" or "Pharaoh had his soldiers take her into his household"
Sarai
Possible meanings are 1) "Pharoah's family," that is, as a wife, or 2) "Pharaoah's house" or "Pharaoh's palace," a euphemism for Pharaoh making her one of his wives.
"for Sarai's sake" or "because of her"
This can be made more explicit. Alternate translation: "because Pharaoh intended to take Sarai, Abram's wife, to be his own wife"
"Pharaoh called Abram" or "Pharaoh ordered Abram to come to him"
Pharaoh used this rhetorical question to show how angry he was about what Abram had done to him. It can also be stated as an exclamation. Alternate translation: "You have done a terrible thing to me!"
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"Then Pharaoh directed his officials concerning Abram"
"the officials sent Abram away from Pharoah, with his wife and all his possessions"
Yahweh told Abram to leave his father's household and go to the land that he would show Abram.
Yahweh promised that he would bless Abram, make him a great nation, and bless all the families of the earth through him.
Yahweh promised that he would bless Abram, make him a great nation, and bless all the families of the earth through him.
Abram traveled with Sarai, his wife, and Lot, his brother's son.
Abram traveled to the land of Canaan.
Yahweh promised that Abram's descendant's would live in Canaan.
Abram built an altar to Yahweh and called upon Yahweh's name.
Leaving Canaan, Abram traveled to Egypt.
Abram was concerned the Egyptians would kill him and take his wife Sarai because she was beautiful.
Abram asked Sarai to tell the Egyptians that she was Abram's sister.
Pharaoh took Sarai into his household.
Yahweh afflicted Pharaoh and his house with great plagues.
Pharaoh asked Abram why he had told him that Sarai was his sister instead of his wife.
Pharaoh asked Abram why he had told him that Sarai was his sister instead of his wife.
Pharaoh sent Abram and Sarai away.
Since the land could not support both Lot's and Abram's family, they each went their own way. Even though good land was not plentiful, Abram allowed Lot to choose the better land because he trusted in God to fulfill his promises. (See: trust and fulfill and promise)
God made a covenant with Abram. This covenant was not conditioned upon anything that Abram needed to do, but the fulfillment of its promises is conditioned upon the actions of each generation of his descendants. It has not yet been fulfilled in its entirety. This chapter continues the covenant which began in the previous chapter. (See: covenant)
Abram would have built an altar in order to offer sacrifices to Yahweh. There is an implicit understanding that building an altar was an act of worship.
"left" or "departed from"
The Negev was a desert region in southern Canaan, east of Egypt. This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: "went back to the Negev desert"
"Abram had many livestock, much silver, and much gold"
Abram and his family traveled by stages, going from place to place. This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: "They continued on their journey"
Translators may add a footnote that says "See Genesis 12:8." The time of his travel can be made explicit. Alternate translation: "to the place where he had set up his tent before he went to Egypt"
"prayed in the name of Yahweh" or "worshiped Yahweh." See how you translated this in Genesis 12:8.
This word is used to show what follows is background information to help the reader understand the events that follow.
There was not enough grazing land and water for all their animals.
This includes livestock, which need pasture and water.
"could not live together"
This is another reason that the land could not support them all.
"Let's not quarrel"
arguments or fights
"let's stop the men who take care of our animals from quarreling"
"because we are family"
"kinsmen" or "relatives." Lot was Abraham's nephew.
This rhetorical question can be translated as a positive statement. Alternate translation: "The whole land is available for you to use."
Abraham was speaking kindly to Lot and encouraging him to do something that would help them both. "Let's separate."
Possible meanings are 1) "If you go one way, then I will go the other" or 2) "If you go to the north, I will go to the south." Abram let Lot choose the part of the land he wanted, and Abram would take what remained.
This refers to the general region of the Jordan River.
"had much water"
"like the garden of Yahweh or like the land of Egypt." These were two different places.
This is another name for the garden of Eden.
Use the same word for "garden" as you used in Genesis 2:8.
This anticipates something that would happen later. It is important here because it explains why Lot settled in a region that later was not fertile.
"the kinsmen" or "the families." This refers to Lot and Abram with their households.
"Abram made his home" or "Abram stayed"
"the land of the Canaanites"
Possible meanings are 1) "He set up his tents near Sodom" or 2) "He moved his tents around in an area that reached all the way to Sodom."
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"after Lot left Abraham"
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This is a simile. God is saying that he will give Abram very many descendants.
"walk around all over the whole land"
This was the name of the man who owned the oak trees.
This is the name of a place.
"an altar for worshiping Yahweh"
Abram traveled to the Negev.
Abram carried with him many animals, and much silver and gold.
There was a dispute because the land could not support Abram and Lot living close together with all their possessions.
There was a dispute because the land could not support Abram and Lot living close together with all their possessions.
Abram offered that Lot choose where to live, and then Abram would find his place to live separated from Lot.
Lot chose to move east and to live in the plain of the Jordan because it was well watered.
Lot chose to move east and to live in the plain of the Jordan because it was well watered.
Abram lived in the land of Canaan.
The people of Sodom were wicked sinners against Yahweh.
Yahweh promised that all the land Abram could see from where he was standing would be given to him.
Yahweh promised that all the land Abram could see from where he was standing would be given to him.
Yahweh told Abram he would have more descendants than he could count, "abundant as the dust of the earth."
Abram moved near the city of Hebron.
Some translations set poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to show that it is poetry. ULB does this with the poetry in 14:19-20.
Sometimes the names of places in Scripture are referred to by the name used during the time of the writer. For example, the location referred to as Dan was not yet known by that name because Dan had not yet come to live there. Moses, the author of Genesis, would have known this location as Dan.
Melchizedek was both a priest and a king. Because of this, he parallels the roles of Jesus. Melchizedek is an important figure in the book of Hebrews. (See: priest)
Melchizedek worshiped the God Most High. This is probably a reference to the true and only God who created the heavens and the earth and came to be known as Yahweh. (See: heaven)
This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here.
"in the time of"
These are names of men.
These are names of places. See how you translated "Shinar" in Genesis 10:10
"they went to war" or "they started a war" or "they prepared for war"
The information that their armies were with them can be made explicit. Alternate translation: "These latter five kings and their armies joined together"
The events in verses 4-7 happened before verse 3. Your language may have a way of showing this.
They probably had to pay him taxes and serve in his army. Alternate translation: "they had been under the control of Kedorlaomer"
"they refused to serve him" or "they stopped serving him"
They did this because the other kings rebelled.
These are the names of people groups.
These are the names of places.
This name in Hebrew is different from the name of Noah's son, which is spelled the same way in English.
This is the name of a people group.
These are the names of places.
This phrase helps readers understand where El Paran was. It can be translated as a separate sentence if necessary. Alternate translation: "El Paran. El Paran is near the desert"
Verses 8 and 9 repeats what was said in Genesis 14:3 and continues to tell what happened when the kings came together to fight.
The word "they" refers to the four foreign kings who were attacking the region of Canaan. Their names were Amraphel, Arioch, Chedorlaomer, and Tidal. Alternate translation: "they turned and went"
This phrase tells which Amorite people were defeated. There were other Amorite people who lived in other places.
The city of Bela was also called Zoar. This information could also be put at the end of the sentence. "the king of Bela went out and prepared for battle. Bela is also called Zoar."
"joined battle" or "drew up battle lines." Some translators may need to also say that the armies fought, as the UDB does in verse 9.
Since the five kings were listed first, some languages might prefer to translate this as "five kings against four."
This word introduces background information about the valley of Siddim. Your language may have another way of introducing background information.
"had many tar pits." These were holes in the ground that had tar in them.
a thick, sticky, black liquid that comes up from the ground. See how this is translated in Genesis 11:3.
Here the kings represent themselves and their armies. Alternate translation: the kings of Sodom and Gomorrah and their armies"
Possible meanings are 1) some of their soldiers fell in the tar pits or 2) the kings themselves fell in the tar pits. Since [Genesis 14:17]
"Those who did not die in battle and did not fall in the pits"
The words "Sodom" and "Gomorrah" are metonyms for the people who lived in those cities. Alternate translation: "the wealth of the people of Sodom and Gomorrah" or "the property of the people of Sodom and Gomorrah"
"their food and drink"
"they went away"
The phrases "Abram's brother's son" and "who was living in Sodom" remind the reader of things that were written earlier about Lot. Alternate translation: "they also took Lot, along with all his possessions. Lot was Abram's brother's son and was living in Sodom at that time"
"A man escaped from the battle and came"
"Abram was living." This introduces background information.
"were treaty-partners with Abram" or "had a peace agreement with Abram"
This is a reference to Abram's nephew Lot.
"three hundred and eighteen trained men"
"men who were trained to fight"
"men who were born in Abram's household." They were children of Abram's servants.
"chased them"
This is a city in the far north of Canaan, far from Abram's camp.
This elliptical statement probably refers to a battle strategy. Alternate translation: "At night Abram divided his men—he attacked them from one side and his servants attacked them from another—and"
"men of war." They served him by fighting for him.
This refers to the things that the enemies had stolen from the cities of Sodom and Gomorrah.
"Lot's property that the enemies had stolen from Lot"
"as well as the women and other people that the four kings had captured"
The implied information about where he was returning to can be made explicit. Alternate translation: "returned to where he was living"
This is the first time this king is mentioned.
People commonly ate bread and wine. See how you translated "bread" in Genesis 3:19 and "wine" in Genesis 9:21.
King Melchizedek blessed Abram.
This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "May God Most High, the Creator of heaven and earth, bless Abram"
This refers to the place where God lives.
"God Most High, because he has given." The phrase starting with "who has given" tells us something more about God Most High.
This is a way of praising God. See how you translated "blessed be" in Genesis 9:26.
"into your control" or "into your power"
The phrase "the people" may refer to the people of Sodom that the enemies had captured. Abram rescued them when he rescued Lot.
This means "I have taken an oath" or "I have made a promise."
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This double negative emphasizes that what the young men have eaten is all that Abram would take. Alternate translation: "I will take from you only what my young men have eaten."
It seems that Abram's soldiers had eaten some of the supplies during the journey back to Sodom after the battle.
The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: "the share of the recovered property that belongs to the men who helped me get it back"
These are the allies of Abram (Genesis 14:13). Because they were Abram's allies they fought battles alongside him. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: "my allies Aner, Eshkol, and Mamre"
All the goods of Sodom were taken away, and Lot and all his possessions were also taken.
All the goods of Sodom were taken away, and Lot and all his possessions were also taken.
Abram gathered his 318 trained men to pursue them.
Abram fought the kings north of Damascus, and he brought back the possessions, Lot, and the other people.
Abram fought the kings north of Damascus, and he brought back the possessions, Lot, and the other people.
The king of Sodom and Melchizedek, the king of Salem, met Abram when he returned.
The king of Sodom and Melchizedek, the king of Salem, met Abram when he returned.
Melchizedek was priest of God Most High.
Melchizedek brought bread and wine with him when he met Abram.
Melchizedek blessed Abram, and blessed God Most High.
Melchizedek blessed Abram, and blessed God Most High.
Abram gave Melchizedek a tenth of everything.
The king of Sodom offered to let Abram keep all the goods, if Abram gave the people to the king.
Abram had lifted up his hand to Yahweh, God Most High, and did not want the king of Sodom to be able to say that he had made Abram rich.
Abram said that he did not want any of the possessions, except what the young men had eaten and the share for the men that went with him.
Abram had lifted up his hand to Yahweh, God Most High, and did not want the king of Sodom to be able to say that he had made Abram rich.
Abram said that he did not want any of the possessions, except what the young men had eaten and the share for the men that went with him.
In the ancient Near East, a person's children inherited the property and land of their parents. Abram doubted the fulfillment of God's covenant because he did not have any children to whom to give his land. This showed a lack of faith. (See: inherit and fulfill,covenant and faith)
In the ancient Near East, two people performed a similar sacrifice by dividing animals in half. It was a way to say to the other person, "may this happen to me if I do not fulfill my promise." The event recorded here indicates that God will fulfill his promise and only he is responsible for bringing it about. (See: fulfill and promise)
God made a covenant with Abram. This covenant was not conditioned upon anything that Abram needed to do, but the fulfillment of its promises is conditioned upon the actions of each generation of his descendants. This covenant has not yet been fulfilled in its entirety.
"These things" refers to when the kings fought and Abram rescued Lot.
The idiom "the word of Yahweh came to" is used to introduce a special message from God. Alternate translation: "Yahweh gave a message to Abram in a vision. He said, 'Fear" or "Yahweh spoke this message to Abram in a vision: 'Fear"
God used these two metaphors to tell Abram about his character and his relationship to Abram.
Soldiers use a shield to protect themselves from their enemies. Alternate translation: "I will protect you like shield" or "I am your shield to protect you"
Possible meanings are 1) "I myself will be all that you need" or 2) "I will give you all you need."
the result of a person's actions. This seems to be a metonym for the gracious blessing God would give Abram.
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"Abram continued speaking and said, 'Since you have given me'"
The word "behold" emphasizes the fact that the word of Yahweh came to Abraham again.
The idiom "The word of Yahweh came to" is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated this idiom in [Genesis 15:1]
This refers to Eliezer of Damascus.
"the one that you will father" or "your very own son." Abram's own son would become his heir.
"count the stars"
Just as Abram would not be able to count all the stars, he would not be able to count all his descendants because there would be so many.
This means he accepted and trusted what Yahweh said was true.
"Yahweh counted Abram's belief as righteousness" or "Yahweh considered Abram righteous because Abram believed him"
Yahweh was reminding Abraham of what he had already done so that Abraham would know that Yahweh had the power to give Abram what he promised him.
"to receive it" or "so that you will possess it"
Abram was asking for more proof that Yahweh would give him the land.
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"the dead bodies of the animals and birds"
"Abram chased the birds away." He made sure the birds did not eat the dead animals.
This is an idiom. Alternate translation: "Abraham slept deeply"
"an extreme darkness that terrified him"
"surrounded him"
people who are at home in one place but have to live in another place
This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "the owners of that land will enslave your descendants and oppress them"
Yahweh continued to speak to Abram while Abram dreamed.
Here "judge" is a metonym for what will happen after God makes the judgment. Alternate translation: "I will punish"
The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: "that your descendants will serve"
This is an idiom. Alternate translation: "many possessions" or "great wealth"
This is a polite way of saying "you will die."
The word "fathers" is a synecdoche for all ancestors. Alternate translation: "ancestors" or "ancestral fathers"
"you will be very old when you die and your family buries your body"
Here one generation refers to a lifespan of 100 years. "After four hundred years"
"your descendants will come back here." Abraham's descendants would come to the land where Abram was then living, the land that Yahweh had promised to give to him.
"is not yet complete" or "will get much worse before I punish them"
The word "behold" here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows.
God did this to show Abram that he was making a covenant with him.
"passed through between the two rows of animal pieces"
In this covenant God promises to bless Abram, and he will continue to bless him as long as Abram follows him.
By saying this, God was giving the land to Abram's descendants. God was doing this then, but the descendants would not go into the land until many years later.
These are the names of groups of people who lived in that land. God would allow Abraham's descendants to conquer these people and take their land.
These are the names of groups of people who lived in that land. God would allow Abraham's descendants to conquer these people and take their land.
These are the names of groups of people who lived in that land. God would allow Abraham's descendants to conquer these people and take their land.
Yahweh told Abram not to fear, and that he was Abram's shield and very great reward.
Abram was worried because he was still childless, and his steward was his heir.
Abram was worried because he was still childless, and his steward was his heir.
Yahweh said that one coming from Abram's own body would be his heir.
Yahweh said that Abram would have descendants as numerous as the stars.
Abram believed Yahweh, and Yahweh counted it to Abram as righteousness.
Abram asked Yahweh, "How will I know that I will inherit it"?
Abram cut the animals in two and placed each half opposite the other.
When the sun was going down Abram fell sound asleep and a deep and terrifying darkness overwhelmed him.
Yahweh told Abram his descendants would be enslaved and oppressed for four hundred years.
Yahweh said that he would judge that nation.
Yahweh said that Abram would die in peace at a good old age.
The sin of the Amorites would reach its limit before Abram's descendants returned.
A smoking fire pot and flaming torch passed between the pieces of the animals.
Yahweh made a covenant with Abram that he would give this land to Abram's descendants.
Yahweh made a covenant with Abram that he would give this land to Abram's descendants.
Yahweh made a covenant with Abram that he would give this land to Abram's descendants.
Yahweh made a covenant with Abram that he would give this land to Abram's descendants.
Some translations set poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to show that it is poetry. The ULB does this with the poetry in 16:11-12.
Abram married Hagar while he was also married to Sarai. Even though Abram had his wife's permission, this was an immoral and sinful action. It also showed a lack of faith in God. Sarai quickly became jealous of Hagar.
This word is used in English to introduce a new part of the story and background information about Sarai.
"slave-girl." This type of slave would serve the woman of the household.
The phrase "See now" indicates that what follows is a polite request for the hearer to pay attention. "Please listen carefully: Yahweh" See how you translated similar words in Genesis 12:11.
"from giving birth to children"
This is a polite way of telling him to have sexual relations with her servant. You may need to use another euphemism in your language. Alternate translation: "Please have sexual relations with my servant" or "Please lie with my servant"
"I will build my family through her"
"Abram did what Sarai said"
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This is a polite way of saying that he had sexual relations with Hagar. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Genesis 16:2]
"she despised her mistress" or "she thought that she was more valuable than her mistress"
Here this refers to Sarai. A mistress has authority over her slave. Alternate translation: "her owner" or "Sarai"
"This injustice against me"
"is your responsibility" or "is your fault"
Sarai used the word "embrace" here to refer to him sleeping with her. Alternate translation: "I gave you my servant so that you would sleep with her"
This can be active. Alternate translation: "she hated me" or "she began to hate me" or "she thought she was better than me"
"I want Yahweh to say whether this is my fault or your fault" or "I want Yahweh to decide which one of us is right." The phrase "to judge between" means to decide which person is right in a dispute between them.
"Listen to me" or "Pay attention"
"under your authority"
"Sarai treated Hagar very badly"
"Hagar fled from Sarai"
Possible meanings are 1) Yahweh made himself look like an angel or 2) this was one of Yahweh's angels or 3) this was a special messenger from God (some scholars think it was Jesus). Since the phrase is not well understood, it is best to simply translate it as "the angel of Yahweh" using the normal word that you use for "angel."
The wilderness area she went to was a desert. Alternate translation: "desert"
This was the name of a place south of Canaan and east of Egypt.
Here this refers to Sarai. A mistress has authority over her slave. See how "her mistress" is translated in Genesis 16:4. Alternate translation: "my owner"
"The angel of Yahweh said to Hagar"
Sarai. See how "her mistress" is translated in Genesis 16:4.
See the note about this phrase in Genesis 16:7.
When he said "I," he was referring to Yahweh. When translating what is in the quote, do it as the angel of Yahweh did and use the word "I" when referring to Yahweh.
"I will give you very many descendants"
"so many that no one will be able to count them"
See the note about this phrase in Genesis 16:7.
"Look" or "Listen" or "Pay attention"
"give birth to a son"
"you will name him." The word "you" refers to Hagar.
Translators may add a footnote that says "The name 'Ishmael' means 'God has heard.'"
She has been afflicted by distress and suffering.
This was not an insult. It may mean that Ishmael would be independent and strong like a wild donkey. Alternate translation: "He will be like a wild donkey among men"
"He will be every man's enemy"
"everyone will be his enemy"
This can also mean "he will live in hostility with."
"his relatives" or "the other members of his family"
"Yahweh, because he spoke to her"
Hagar used this rhetorical question to express her amazement that she was still alive even after she met God. People expected that if they met God, they would die. Here seeing represents living. Alternate translation: "I am surprised that I am still alive, ... me."
Translators may add a footnote that says "Beer Lahai Roi means 'the well of the living one who sees me.'"
The word "behold" here draws attention to the fact that the well was in a place that the author and his readers knew. Alternate translation: "in fact, it is between Kadesh and Bered"
Hagar's return to Sarai and Abram is implict. You can make this more explicit. Alternate translation: "So Hagar went back and gave birth"
"named his son by Hagar" or "named his and Hagar's son"
This introduces background information about Abram's age when these things happened. Your language may have a special way to mark background information.
This means "gave birth to Abram's son, Ishmael." The focus is on Abram having a son.
Sarai told Abram to sleep with her servant, Hagar, in order to have children by her.
Sarai told Abram to sleep with her servant, Hagar, in order to have children by her.
After Hagar conceived, Hagar looked with contempt on Sarai.
Sarai complained that it was Abram's fault that Hagar despised her, and Abram told Sarai to do what she thought best with Hagar.
Sarai complained that it was Abram's fault that Hagar despised her, and Abram told Sarai to do what she thought best with Hagar.
Sarai treated Hagar harshly, and Hagar fled.
The angel of Yahweh told Hagar to return to Sarai and submit to her authority.
The angel of Yahweh promised Hagar that her descendants would be too numerous to count.
Hagar was told to name her son Ishmael because Yahweh had heard her affliction.
Ishmael will be hostile against every man, and will live apart from all his brothers.
Hagar gave Yahweh the name, "The God who sees me".
Abram was eighty-six years old when Ishmael was born.
Abram came to have many descendants. He had so many descendants that many of his immediate descendants became large people groups and nations.
God made a covenant with Abram. This covenant was not conditioned upon anything that Abram needed to do, but the fulfillment of its promises is conditioned upon the actions of each generation of his descendants. It has not yet been fulfilled in its entirety. It is important to note in this chapter that Isaac is the son who receives the promises associated with the covenant and not Ishmael. (See: covenant and fulfill and promise)
Circumcision was an unusual practice in the ancient Near East. It served to separate the Hebrew people from the rest of the world. This chapter records the beginning of this practice among Abram and his descendants. (See: circumcise)
In this chapter, God changed Abram's name to "Abraham." In Scripture, a change in name always occurs at a highly significant point in a person's life. The beginning of the practice of circumcision was a significant event in the history of the Hebrew people.
This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here.
"the all-powerful God" or "the God who has all power"
Walking is a metaphor for living, and "before me" or "in my presence" here is a metaphor for obedience. Alternate translation: "Live the way I want you to" or "Obey me"
"If you do this, then I will confirm"
"I will give my covenant" or "I will make my covenant"
In this covenant God promises to bless Abram, but he also requires Abram to obey him.
Here "multiply you" is an idiom that means he will give him more descendants. Alternate translation: "greatly increase the number of your descendants" or "give you very many descendants"
"Abram threw himself face down on the ground" or "Abraham immediately lay down with his face to the ground." He did this to show that he respected God and would obey him.
God used this phrase to introduce what he would do for Abram as part of his covenant with Abram.
The word "behold" here says that what comes next is certain: "my covenant is certainly with you."
"the father of a great number of nations" or "the one after whom many nations name themselves"
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"I will cause you to have very many descendants"
"I will cause your descendants to become nations"
"among your descendants there will be kings" or "some of your descendants will be kings"
God continues speaking to Abraham.
"for each generation"
"as a covenant that will last forever"
"to be your God and your descendants' God" or "covenant"
"Canaan, as an everlasting possession" or "Canaan, to possess forever"
God uses this phrase to introduce what Abram would have to do as part of God's covenant with him.
"observe my covenant" or "honor my covenant" or "obey my covenant"
"This is a requirement of my covenant" or "This is part of my covenant." This sentence introduces the part of the covenant that Abram must do.
This can be stated in an active form. Alternate translation: "You must circumcise every male among you"
This refers to human males.
Some communities may prefer a less descriptive expression such as "You must be circumcised." If your translation of "be circumcised" already includes the word for "foreskin", you do not need to repeat it. This can be made active. Alternate translation: "You must circumcise every male among you"
"the sign that shows that the covenant exists"
Possible meanings are 1) "the sign" or 2) "a sign." The first means that there was one sign, and the second means that there may have been more than one sign. Here the word "sign" means a reminder of something that God had promised.
God continues speaking to Abraham.
"Every human male"
"in every generation"
This refers to slaves. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "any male that you buy"
This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "you will mark my covenant in your flesh"
"as a permanent covenant." Because it was marked in flesh, no one could easily erase it.
This can be stated in active form, and you may leave out words that will give wrong meaning in your language. Alternate translation: "male whom you have not circumcised"
Possible meanings are 1) "I will cut off any uncircumcised male ... foreskin from his people" or 2) "I want you to cut off any uncircumcised male ... foreskin from his people."
Possible meanings are 1) "killed" or 2) "sent away from the community."
"He has not obeyed the rules of my covenant." This is the reason that he would be cut off from his people.
The words "As for" introduce the next person God talks about.
"I will make her bear a son for you"
"she will be the ancestor of many nations" or "her descendants will become nations"
"Kings of peoples will descend from her" or "Some of her descendants will be kings of peoples"
"thought to himself" or "said to himself silently"
Abraham used this rhetorical question because he did not believe that this could happen. Alternate translation: "Surely a man who is a hundred years old cannot father a child!"
Again Abraham used a rhetorical question because he did not believe this could happen. The phrase "who is ninety years old" tells why Abraham did not believe that Sarah could bear a son. Alternate translation: "Sarah is ninety years old. Could she bear a son?" or "Sarah is ninety years old. Surely she could not bear a son!"
"Please let Ishmael inherit the covenant that you have made with me" or "Perhaps Ishmael could receive your covenant blessing." Abraham suggested something that he believed really could happen.
God said this to correct Abraham's belief that Sarah could not have a son.
The word "you" refers to Abraham.
The words "As for" show that God is switching from talking about the baby that would be born to talking about Ishmael.
"Look" or "Listen" or "Pay attention to what I am about to tell you"
This is an idiom that means "will cause him to have many children."
"I will cause him to have many descendants"
"chiefs" or "rulers." Ishmael's twelve sons are different from the twelve sons of Jacob who were the fathers of the twelve tribes of Israel.
God returns to talking about his covenant with Abraham and emphasizes that he would fulfill his promise with Isaac, not with Ishmael.
"When God had finished talking with Abraham"
"God left Abraham"
"every human male in Abraham's household" or "every male person in Abraham's household." It refers to human males of all ages: babies, boys, and men.
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"This includes those who were born in his household and those he had bought from foreigners"
This refers to servants or slaves.
This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "those whom he had bought"
Abram was ninety-nine years old when Yahweh again appeared to Abram.
Yahweh commanded Abram to walk before him blamelessly.
Yahweh changed Abram's name to Abraham, which means "father of a multitude of nations".
Yahweh gave Abraham's descendants all the land of Canaan as part of the covenant.
Yahweh said that he would be God to Abraham's descendants.
Yahweh commanded that every male be circumcised as a sign of the covenant between Abraham and Yahweh.
Yahweh commanded that every male be circumcised as a sign of the covenant between Abraham and Yahweh.
A baby was to be circumcised after eight days.
Foreigners who joined a household in covenant with Yahweh were also to be circumcised.
Foreigners who joined a household in covenant with Yahweh were also to be circumcised.
Any male who was not circumcised was cut off from his people because he had broken the covenant.
Yahweh changed Sarai's name to Sarah.
Yahweh promised that Abraham's son would come by Sarah.
Abraham laughed and asked how a child could be born to a man and woman who were so old.
God said that Abraham must name the son Isaac.
God said that he would establish his covenant with Isaac.
God promised to bless Ishmael, to make him fruitful, and to make him a great nation.
God said that he would establish his covenant with Isaac.
On that same day, Abraham circumcised all the males of his household.
On that same day, Abraham circumcised all the males of his household.
Ishmael was thirteen years old when he was circumcised.
On that same day, Abraham circumcised all the males of his household.
On that same day, Abraham circumcised all the males of his household.
The three men who visited Abraham were probably angels. This is evident from Abraham's reaction to them. Also, it appears Abraham knew that he was speaking directly to Yahweh through these men.
When Sarah heard the news that she was going to have a baby, she laughed in disbelief because she was considered too old to have a baby. She also asked a rhetorical question in order to further show her disbelief. This would have been considered an insult to God.
In his exchange with God, Abraham did not show any sign of unbelief. Instead, he is asking God for mercy because he trusted in the character of God. He does not question God's power to accomplish things as Sarah had done. (See: trust)
It should be apparent that Sarah was physically no longer able to have children because of her age. There is a natural period in a woman's life when she stops being able to have children. The text assumes the reader understands that Sarah has already experienced this event. In English, this is called "menopause."
This was the name of the man who owned the oak trees.
"at the opening of the tent" or "at the entrance of the tent"
"hottest time of day"
"He looked up and saw, and behold, three men were standing"
"he was surprised because he saw"
"nearby" or "there." They were near him, but far enough away for him to run to them.
This means to bend over to humbly express respect and honor toward someone.
This is a title of respect. Possible meanings are 1) Abraham knew that one of these men was God or 2) Abraham knew that these men came on behalf of God.
Here "found favor" is an idiom that means be approved of or that the Lord is pleased with him, and "your sight" is a metaphor representing the Lord's evaluation. Alternate translation: "if you have evaluated me and approve" or "if you are pleased with me"
Abraham is speaking to one of the men.
"please do not keep on going past"
"me." Abraham refers to himself this way in order to show respect to his guest.
This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "Let me bring you some water" or "My servant will bring you some water"
"some water." Saying "little" was a polite way of showing generosity. Abraham would give them more than enough water.
This custom helped tired travelers to refresh themselves after walking long distances.
"some food." Saying "little" was a polite way of showing generosity. Abraham would give them more than enough food.
Abraham speaks to all three of the men, so "you" and "your" are plural.
about 22 liters
This bread was probably cooked quickly on a hot stone. It may have been flat or round like small loaves or rolls.
"the servant hurried"
"to cut it up and roast it"
This refers to the solid part of fermented milk. It may have been yogurt or cheese.
"the roasted calf"
"before the three visitors"
"Then they said to Abraham"
The word "He" refers to the man whom Abraham called "Lord" in Genesis 18:3.
"when this same season comes next year" or "about this time next year"
The word "see" here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows.
"at the opening of the tent" or "at the entrance of the tent"
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You may want to make explicit that Sarah is speaking of the pleasure of having a baby. Sarah used this rhetorical question because she did not believe that she could have a child. Alternate translation: "I am worn out and my master is old, so I cannot believe that I will experience the joy of having a child.""
"I am too old to conceive a child"
This means "since my husband is also old."
This is a title of respect that Sarah gave to her husband Abraham.
God used this rhetorical question to show that he knew what Sarah was thinking and that he was not pleased with it. He repeats Sarah's rhetorical question
"Is there anything that Yahweh cannot do?" Yahweh speaks of himself as if he were speaking of someone else to remind Abraham that he, Yahweh, is great and can do anything. Alternate translation: "There is nothing that I, Yahweh, cannot do!"
"At the time I have appointed, which is in the spring"
"The Sarah denied it by saying"
"Yahweh replied"
"Yes, you did laugh." This means "No, that is not true; you did in fact laugh."
"to send them on their way" or "to say 'Farewell' to them." It was polite to go some distance with guests as they were leaving.
God used this rhetorical question to say that he was going to talk to Abraham about something very important and that it was best for him to do so. Alternate translation: "I should not and will not hide from Abraham what I am about to do" or "I should and will tell Abraham what I am about to do"
The rhetorical question that begins with the words "Should I hide" in verse 17 ends here.
The rhetorical question that begins with the words "Should I hide" in verse 17 ends here. God uses this rhetorical question to say that he was going to talk to Abraham about something very important and that it was best for him to do so. "I should not and will not hide ... since Abraham in him." or "I should and will tell ... since Abraham in him"
"This is because ... him"
This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "I will bless all the nations of the earth through Abraham"
"will be blessed because of Abraham" or "will be blessed because I have blessed Abraham." For translating "in him" see how you translated "through you" in Genesis 12:3.
"that he will direct" or "so that he will command"
Yahweh is speaking about himself as if he were another person. Alternate translation: "to obey what I, Yahweh, require ... I, Yahweh, may bring ... I have said"
"to obey the commands of Yahweh"
"by doing righteousness and justice." This tells how to keep the way of Yahweh.
"so that Yahweh may bless Abraham just as he said he would." This refers to the covenant promise to bless Abraham and make him a great nation.
This can be reworded so that the abstract noun "outcry" is expressed as the verb "accuse." Alternate translation: "so many people have been accusing the people of Sodom and Gomorrah of doing evil things"
"they have sinned so much"
"I will now go down to Sodom and Gomorrah"
"go down there to find out" or "go down there to decide"
Yahweh speaks as if he knew about this matter because he had heard the cries and accusations coming from the people who had suffered. This can be reworded so that the abstract noun "outcry" is expressed as the verb "accuse." Alternate translation: "as wicked as those who are accusing them say that they are"
"If they are not as wicked as the outcry suggests"
"went out from Abraham's camp"
"Abraham and Yahweh remained together"
"approached Yahweh and said" or "stepped closer to Yahweh and said"
Abraham speaks of destroying people as if it were sweeping dirt with a broom. Alternate translation: "destroy"
"the righteous people with the wicked people"
Abraham continues talking to Yahweh.
"Suppose there are"
Abraham was hoping that Yahweh would say, "I will not sweep it away." Alternate translation: "I think you would not sweep it away. Instead, you would spare the place for the sake of the fifty righteous that are there"
"destroy it." Abraham speaks of destroying people as if it were sweeping dirt with a broom. Alternate translation: "destroy the people who live there"
Abraham was hoping that God would say "I will spare the place for the sake of the fifty righteous people there."
"let the people live"
"because of"
Here "Far be it from you" is an idiom that means the person should never do something like that. Alternate translation: "I would never want you to do something like that" or "You should not want to do something like that"
"such a thing as killing" or "such a thing, that is, killing"
This can be stated in active from. Alternate translation: "you should treat the righteous the same way you treat the wicked"
Abraham used this rhetorical question to say what he expected God to do. Alternate translation: "The Judge of all the earth will certainly do what is just!" or "Since you are the Judge of all the earth, you will surely do what is right!"
God is often referred to as a judge because he is the one perfect judge who makes the final decisions about what is right or wrong.
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The phrase "See now" indicates that what follows is a polite request for the hearer to pay attention. "Please listen carefully: I" See how you translated this phrase in Genesis 12:11.
"Pardon me for being so bold as to speak to you" or "Excuse me for daring to speak"
Abraham shows his respect to Yahweh by speaking to Yahweh as if he were speaking to someone else. Alternate translation: "to you, my Lord"
This metaphor describes Abraham as a human being, who will die and whose body will turn into to dust and ashes. Alternate translation: "only a mortal man" or "as unimportant as dust and ashes"
"only forty-five righteous people"
"if there are five fewer righteous people"
"I will not destroy Sodom"
"Abraham spoke to Yahweh"
This can be translated in active form. You may have to fill in the ellipsis, "righteous people." Alternate translation: "if you find forty righteous people there"
"for the sake of the forty" or "if I find forty there." You may have to fill in the ellipsis, "righteous people." Alternate translation: "for the sake of the forty righteous people" or "if I find forty righteous people there"
"Yahweh answered"
"I will not destroy the cities if I find forty righteous people there"
This can be translated in active form. You may have to fill in the ellipsis, "righteous people." Alternate translation: "you will find thirty righteous people there"
The phrase "See now" indicates that what follows is a polite request for the hearer to pay attention. "Please listen carefully: I" See how you translated similar words in Genesis 12:11.
"Pardon me for being so bold as to speak to you" or "Excuse me for daring to speak." See how this is translated in Genesis 18:27.
This can be translated in active form. You may have to fill in the ellipsis, "righteous people." Alternate translation: "you will find twenty righteous people there"
"for the sake of the twenty" or "if I find twenty there." You may have to fill in the ellipsis, "righteous people." Alternate translation: "for the sake of the twenty righteous people" or "if I find twenty righteous people there"
"Perhaps you will find ten righteous people there"
"Perhaps ten righteous people" or "ten good people"
"And Yahweh answered"
"if I find ten righteous people there"
Here "went on his way" is an idiom that means he left, or he continued his journey. Yahweh appeared to Abraham in human form as a traveler. Alternate translation: "Yahweh departed" or "Yahweh continued on his journey"
Abraham saw three men standing across from him.
Abraham offered the men some water to wash, and some food.
Abraham offered the men some water to wash, and some food.
Sarah was in the tent.
The one visitor said that when he returned, Sarah would have a son.
Sarah laughed to herself when she heard the visitor's prediction.
Yahweh asked why Sarah laughed, and said "Is anything too hard for Yahweh"?
The men left Abraham's home and went toward Sodom.
Yahweh said, "Shall I hide from Abraham what I am about to do"?
Yahweh said that Abraham must instruct his children and his household to do righteousness and justice.
The men were going toward Sodom because the cries against Sodom and Gomorrah were great, and they wanted to see if the cities were as wicked as the outcry suggested.
The men were going toward Sodom because the cries against Sodom and Gomorrah were great, and they wanted to see if the cities were as wicked as the outcry suggested.
Abraham asked, "Will you sweep away the righteous with the wicked"?
Yahweh said he would spare the whole place for their sake.
Yahweh said he would spare the whole place for their sake.
Yahweh said he would spare the whole place for their sake.
Yahweh said he would spare the whole place for their sake.
Yahweh said he would spare the whole place for their sake.
Yahweh said he would spare the whole place for their sake.
The men of Sodom desired to forcibly have sexual relations with the angels who came to the city appearing as men. Such action is known as "rape." Their desire was viewed as especially evil because Lot was obligated to protect his guests at all costs, even that of sacrificing his own children for his guests. (See: evil)
Hospitality, or being kind to a visitor, was very important in the Ancient Near East. Lot showed his guests loyalty by doing his utmost to protect them from the people of Sodom.
It is probable that Abraham's faith and actions in chapter 18 are intended to contrast with the actions of the worldly Sodomites. (See: faith)
The two men who have gone to Sodom (Genesis 18:22) are really angels.
"the entrance to the city of Sodom." The city had a wall around it, and people had to go through a gate to get into it. This was a very important place in a city. Important people often spent time there.
He put his knees on the ground then touched his forehead and nose to the ground.
The phrase "See now" indicates that what follows is a polite request for the hearer to pay attention. "Please listen carefully: my masters" See how you translated this phrase in Genesis 12:11.
This was a term of respect Lot used for the angels.
"Please come and stay in your servant's house"
Lot refers to himself as their servant in order to show them respect.
People liked to wash their feet after traveling.
"wake up early"
When the two angels said this, they were referring only to themselves, not to Lot. The two of them planned to spend the night in the square. Some languages would use the exclusive form of "we" here.
This is a public, outdoor place in the town.
"they turned and went with him"
"before the people in Lot's house lay down to go to sleep"
"the men of the city, that is, the men of Sodom" or just "the men of the city of Sodom"
"Lot's house"
"from the youngest to the oldest." This means "men of all ages" and refers to the men of Sodom who were surrounding Lot's house.
"that went into your house"
The phrase "know them" is a polite way of saying "have sexual relations with them." The men probably were not trying to be polite.
"behind him" or "after he went through"
"I plead with you, my brothers"
Lot spoke in a friendly way to the men of the city hoping that they would listen to him. Alternate translation: "my friends"
"do not do something so wicked" or "do not do such a wicked thing"
The phrase "See now" indicates that what follows is a polite request for the hearer to pay attention. "Please listen carefully: I" See how you translated this phrase in Genesis 12:11.
This is a polite way of saying that the daughters had not had sexual relations with any man. You may need to use another euphemism in your language. See how you translated similar words in [Genesis 4:1]
"whatever you desire" or "whatever you think is right"
The two men were guests in Lot's home, so he needed to protect them. The word "roof" is a synecdoche for the whole house and a metaphor for Lot protecting them. Alternate translation: "into my house, and God expects me to protect them"
"Step aside!" or "Get out of our way!"
"This one came here as an outsider" or "This foreigner came to live here"
"Lot." The men are speaking to each other. If this would be unclear in your language, you may have the men speak to Lot here, as in UDB.
The speaker would not expect a foreigner to judge the people of that land. Alternate translation: "but even though he has no good reason to"
Here "has become our judge" is an idiom that means Lot is acting as if he can tell the men what actions are right or wrong. Alternate translation: "he acts as if he has the authority to tell us what is right and what is wrong"
"Because you are telling us that what we are doing is wrong, we"
The men are angry that Lot said, "Do not act so wickedly" (Genesis 19:7), so they are threatening to act more wickedly than Lot had feared at first. Alternate translation: "we will act more wickedly with you than we will with them"
Possible meanings are 1) "They kept coming closer to the man, to Lot, until they were close enough to break down the door" or 2) they physically pushed Lot up against the wall or door of the house and were about to break the door down.
This is two ways of referring to Lot.
"But Lot's two guests" or "But the two angels"
Your language may need to add that the men opened the door first. Alternate translation: 'the men opened the door far enough so they could reach out their hands and pull ... them, and then they shut"
The phrase "struck with blindness" is a metaphor; the visitors did not physically hit the men. Alternate translation: "Lot's visitors blinded the men" or "they took away their sight"
Possible meanings are 1) this refers to age. Alternate translation: "both the young men and the old men" or 2) this refers to status. Alternate translation: "both the unimportant men and the important men"
This merism emphasizes that the visitors blinded all the men. Alternate translation: "men of all ages" or "men of every status"
"Then the two men said" or "Then the angels said"
"Are there any other members of your family in the city?" or "Do you have any other family members in this place?"
"any other members of your family living in this city"
The word "we" here is exclusive. Only the two angels would destroy the city; Lot would not destroy it. If your language has an exclusive form of "we," use it here.
This can be reworded so that the abstract noun "accusations" is expressed as a verb. See how similar words are translated in [Genesis 18:20]
"So Lot left the house"
The phrase "the men who had promised to marry his daughters" explains what "sons-in-law" means here. Alternate translation: "the men who were going to marry his daughters" or "his daughters' fiancés"
"Just before the sun came up"
"Go now"
This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "so Yahweh does not also destroy you when he punishes the people of this city"
God destroying the people of the city is spoken of as if a person were sweeping away dust.
Here "city" stands for the people.
"But Lot hesitated" or "But Lot did not start to leave"
"So the two men grabbed" or "So the angels grabbed"
"had compassion on Lot." Yahweh is described as being "merciful" because he was sparing the lives of Lot and his family instead of destroying them when he destroyed the people of Sodom for the wrong they had done.
"When the two men had brought Lot's family out"
This is a way of telling them to run so that they do not die. Alternate translation: "Run away and save your lives!"
The phrase "at the city" is understood. Alternate translation: "Do not look back at the city" or "Do not look back at Sodom"
This means the plain of the Jordan River. This refers to the general region of the Jordan River.
It is understood that they would swept away with the people of the city. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "or else God will destroy you along with the people of the city"
God destroying the people of the city is spoken of as if a person were sweeping away dust.
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The phrase "See now" indicates that what follows is a polite request for the hearer to pay attention. "Please listen carefully: your servant" See how you translated this phrase in Genesis 12:11.
The phrase "found favor" is an idiom which means to be approved of by someone. Here "eyes" are a metonym for sight, and sight is a metaphor representing his evaluation. Alternate translation: "you have been pleased with me"
Lot was showing respect by referring to himself as "your servant." Alternate translation: "I, your servant, have"
The abstract noun "kindness" can be stated as "kind." Alternate translation: "you have been very kind to me by saving my life"
Being unable to get far enough away from Sodom when God destroys the city is spoken of as if "disaster" is a person that will chase and catch up with Lot. Alternate translation: "My family and I will certainly die when God destroys the people of Sodom, because the mountains are too far away for us to get there safely"
It is implied that Lot's family would die along with him. Alternate translation: "our lives ... we cannot escape ... overtake us, and we will die"
The phrase "See now" indicates that what follows is a polite request for the hearer to pay attention. "Please listen carefully: the city" See how you translated this phrase in Genesis 12:11.
Lot used this rhetorical question to get the angels to notice that the city really is a small one. Alternate translation: "let me escape there. You can see how small it is. If you let us go there we will live"
Lot's full request can be made explicit. Alternate translation: "instead of destroying that city, let me escape there"
It is implied that the lives of Lot's family will be saved along with his. This can also be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "so that we will live" or "so that we will survive"
"I will do what you have asked"
This can be made more explicit. Alternate translation: "cannot destroy the other cities"
Translators may add a footnote that says "The name Zoar sounds like the Hebrew word that means 'little.' Lot called this town 'little' in Genesis 19:20."
"The sun had risen over the earth." The phrase "upon the earth" can be left implicit as it is in the UDB where it is not translated.
It is implied that Lot's family is with him. Alternate translation: "when Lot and his family arrived at Zoar"
The phrase "from Yahweh" stands for God's power to cause the sulfur and fire to fall on the city. Alternate translation: "Yahweh caused sulfur and fire to fall from the sky onto Sodom and Gomorrah"
These two words are used together to describe one object. Alternate translation: "burning sulfur" or "fiery rain"
This refers primarily to Sodom and Gomorrah, but also to three other towns.
"the people who lived in the cities"
"she became like a statue of salt" or "her body became like a tall stone of salt." Because she disobeyed the angel who told them not to look back at the city, God caused her to become something like a statue made out of rock salt.
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The word "behold" draws attention to the surprising information that follows.
This shows that it was a very large amount of smoke. Alternate translation: "like the smoke from a very large fire"
Verse 29 is a summary of this chapter.
This tells why God rescued Lot. To "call to mind" is a way of saying "remember." This does not imply that God forgot about Abraham. It means he considered Abraham and had mercy on him. Alternate translation: "God thought about Abraham and had mercy on him"
"away from the destruction" or "away from danger"
The phrase "went up from" is used because Lot went to a higher elevation in the mountains.
Here "firstborn" and "younger" are nominal adjectives that refer to Lot's two daughters according to their birth order. Alternate translation: "Lot's first daughter ... Lot's last daughter" or "The older daughter ... the younger daughter"
These words are a euphemism for sexual relations.
Here "the world" stands for the people. Alternate translation: "as people everywhere do"
It can be made explicit that their goal was to get him drunk. Alternate translation: "drink wine until he gets drunk" or "get drunk with wine"
To "lie with" someone is a euphemism for having sexual relations with that person. Alternate translation: "we will have sexual relations with him"
This speaks about giving Lot descendants as if his family were a line that they are making longer. Alternate translation: "so that we can bear children who will be our father's descendants"
This is probably a euphemism for sexual activity. Alternate translation:"had sexual relations with her father"
Possible meanings are 1) these words are literal, a complement to "when she got up," or 2) they are a euphemism for sexual relations. Alternate translation: "when she had sexual relations with him"
The phrase "lay with" is a euphemism meaning that she had sexual relations with her father. Alternate translation: "I had sexual relations with my father ... have sexual relations with him"
See how you translated these phrases in Genesis 19:32.
It can be made explicit that their goal was to get him drunk. Alternate translation: "drink wine until he gets drunk" or "get drunk with wine"
This speaks about giving Lot descendants as if his family were a line that they are making longer. Alternate translation: "so that we can bear children who will be our father's descendants"
See how you translated similar phrases in Genesis 19:33.
This is probably a euphemism for sexual activity. Alternate translation:"had sexual relations with him"
Possible meanings are 1) these words are literal, a complement to "when she got up," or 2) they are a euphemism for sexual relations. See how these words are translated in Genesis 19:33. Alternate translation: "when she had sexual relations with him"
"became pregnant by their father" or "conceived children with their father"
"He is"
"the Moab people who are now living"
The word "today" refers to the time when the author of Genesis was living. The author was born and wrote this many years after Lot's family lived and died.
This is a male name.
"the descendants of Ammon" or "the Ammon people"
Lot offered that they stay at his home for the night, and then leave in the morning.
The angels said that they would spend the night in the town square.
Finally, the angels went with Lot to his home for the night.
The men wanted Lot to bring out the two men visiting him, so they could sleep with them.
Lot offered the men of the city his two daughters instead of the two visitors.
The men told Lot to stand back and almost broke down the door.
The angels pulled Lot back into the house and struck the men outside with blindness.
The angels said they had been sent to destroy the city.
Lot's sons-in-law thought Lot was joking.
The angels told Lot to take his wife and daughters and get out of the city.
The angels set them outside the city because Yahweh was merciful to them.
The angels told Lot and his family to flee for their lives and to not look back.
Lot and his family were allowed to flee to a small city called Zoar.
Yahweh rained down sulfur and fire from the sky on Sodom and Gomorrah.
Lot's wife looked back, and she became a pillar of salt.
Abraham saw smoke rising from the land like the smoke of a furnace.
Lot then moved to the mountains because he was afraid to live in Zoar.
Lot's daughters planned to make their father drunk, then lie with him so that they could have children.
Lot's daughters planned to make their father drunk, then lie with him so that they could have children.
The Moabite and Ammonite people groups came from the daughters of Lot.
The Moabite and Ammonite people groups came from the daughters of Lot.
Abraham was afraid the people of Gerar would see him as a foreigner and upon seeing his beautiful wife, they would try to kill him. This would free Sarah to marry someone else. Apparently, it would have been easy for them to kill a foreigner without punishment. If she was Abraham's sister, they would have shown favor to him. (See: and favor)
Abraham believed that the people of Gerar did not fear Yahweh, but when confronted by Yahweh, the king showed that he feared Yahweh. Instead, it was Abraham who did not show any fear of Yahweh when he sinned. This is irony. (See: fear and sin)
This is a desert region on the eastern border of Egypt.
"made his men go get Sarah and bring her to him"
"God appeared to Abimelek"
"pay attention, because what I am about to say is both true and important: "
This is a strong way of saying the king will die. Alternate translation: "you will certainly die soon" or "I will kill you"
"a married woman"
This word is used here to mark a change from the story to information about Abimelech.
This is a polite way of saying he did not have sex with her. Alternate translation: "Abimelek had not had sexual relations with Sarah"
Here "nation" stands for the people. Abimelech is worried that God will punish not only him, but his people also. Alternate translation: "even a people who are innocent"
This has quotations within a quotation. They can be stated as indirect quotations. Alternate translation: "Did he himself not tell me that she is his sister? Even she herself told me that he is her brother."
Abimelech used this rhetorical question to remind God of something God already knew. This can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: "Abraham himself told me, 'She is my sister.'" or "Abraham said that she is his sister."
The words "he himself" and "she herself" are used for emphasis to bring attention to Abraham and Sarah and to blame them for what happened.
Here "heart" stands for his thoughts or intentions. Also "hands" stands for his actions. Alternate translation: "I have done this with good intentions and actions" or "I have done this with no evil thoughts or actions"
"God said to Abimelech"
Here "heart" stands for his thoughts or intentions. Alternate translation: "you did this with good intentions" or "you did this without evil intentions"
This is a euphemism for having sex with Sarah. Alternate translation: "to sleep with her"
"Abraham's wife"
"I will let you live"
"all of your people"
"He told them everything that God had told him"
Abimelech used this rhetorical question to accuse Abraham. Alternate translation: "You have done something bad to us!" or "Look what you have done to us!"
The word "us" here is exclusive and does not include Abraham and Sarah. If your language uses an exclusive form of "we" or "us," use it here.
Abimelech used this rhetorical question to remind Abraham that he had not sinned against Abraham. Alternate translation: "I have done nothing against you to cause you to bring ... sin."
To cause someone to be guilty of sinning is spoken of as if "sin" was a thing that could be placed on a person. Alternate translation: "that you should make me and my kingdom guilty of such a terrible sin"
Here "kingdom" stands for the people. Alternate translation: "on the people of my kingdom"
"You should not have done this to me"
"What caused you to do this?" or "Why did you do this?" What Abraham did can be stated explicitly. Alternate translation: "Why did you tell me that Sarah is your sister?"
This is a quotation within a quotation. It can be stated as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: "Because I thought that since no one here fears God, someone may kill me so they can take my wife."
Here "place" refers to the people. Alternate translation: "no one here in Gerar fears God"
This means to deeply respect God and show that respect by obeying him.
"Also, it is true that Sarah is my sister" or "Also, Sarah really is my sister"
"we have the same father, but we have different mothers"
Verse 13 is a continuation of Abraham's answer to Abimelech.
Here "house" stands for Abraham's family. Alternate translation: "my father and the rest of my family" or "my father's household"
This has quotations within quotations. They can be stated as indirect quotations. Alternate translation: "I said to Sarah that I wanted her to be faithful to me by telling people everywhere we go that I am her brother"
"Abimelek brought some"
"Abimelek said to Abraham"
"Pay attention, because what I am about to say is both true and important"
This is a way of saying "I make all of my land available to you"
"Live wherever you want"
"1,000"
Giving money to prove to others that Sarah is innocent is spoken of as if he is placing a cover over an offense so no one can see it. Alternate translation: "I am giving this to him, so that those who are with you will know that you have done nothing wrong"
The eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. Alternate translation: "in the opinion" or "in the judgement"
The passive phrase "made right" can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "everyone will know that you are innocent"
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"made all the women of Abimelek's household totally unable to have children"
The full meaning can be stated explicitly. Alternate translation: "because Abimelech had taken Abraham's wife Sarah"
Abraham said that Sarah was his sister.
Abraham said that Sarah was his sister.
God came to Abimelech in a dream and told him that he was a dead man because he had taken a man's wife.
Abimelech said to God that Abraham had told him Sarah was his sister, and Sarah had told him Abraham was his brother.
God told Abimelech to return Sarah to Abraham; otherwise, he and all his people would die.
Abimelech's men were very afraid when they heard what God had told him.
Abraham said that he was afraid Abimelech would kill him because of Sarah.
Sarah was the daughter of Abraham's father, but not of his mother.
Abimelech gave Abraham sheep and oxen, male and female slaves.
Abimelech told Sarah he had given a thousand pieces of silver to her brother to cover any offense against Sarah in the eyes of all that were with Sarah, and before everyone.
God healed Abimelech, his wife, and his female slaves so they were able to have children.
After Sarah was able to have her own child, and he survived infancy, she began to get angry with Abraham's other son, Ishmael. He would have been a constant reminder of her own sin. God blessed Ishmael, but he was not able to inherit the promises given to Abraham. (See: sin, inherit and promise and bless)
According to the law at this time, Hagar was able to gain her freedom from slavery by abandoning any claim to receive an inheritance. This is why Hagar would have abandoned her son under the tree.
The Gentile king, Abimelech, made a covenant or treaty with Abraham. It is possible that he did this because he recognized the power of Abraham's God, but his exact reasons are unknown. (See: covenant)
Here the phrase "paid attention to" refers to Yahweh helping Sarah have a baby. Alternate translation: "Yahweh helped Sarah"
"gave birth to Abraham's son"
"when Abraham was very old"
"at the exact time that God had told him it would happen"
"Abraham named his newborn son, the one Sarah gave birth to, Isaac" or "Abraham named their newborn son Isaac"
"When his son Isaac was eight days old, Abraham circumcised him"
"8 days"
"had commanded Abraham to do"
"100"
Sarah was laughing because she was surprised and happy. This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: "God has caused me to laugh joyfully"
What people would hear can be stated explicitly. Alternate translation: "everyone who hears about what God has done for me"
This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: "No one would have ever said to Abraham that Sarah will nurse children"
This is a polite way of referring to breast-feeding babies. Alternate translation: "feed a baby her own milk"
"Wean" here is a polite way of saying the child was finished with breast feeding. Alternate translation: "Isaac grew, and when he no longer needed his mother's milk, Abraham had a large feast"
The name of Hagar's son can be stated explicitly. Alternate translation: "Ishmael, the son of Hagar the Egyptian and Abraham"
It can be stated explicitly that he was jeering or laughing at Isaac. Alternate translation: "laughing at Isaac"
"Sarah said to Abraham"
"send away" or "get rid of"
This refers to Hagar and Ishmael. Sarah probably did not refer to them by name because she was angry with them.
"with my son Isaac"
"Abraham was very unhappy about what Sarah said"
"because it was about his son." It is implied that this means his son, Ishmael.
"Do not be upset about the boy and your handmaid"
"Do everything that Sarah says to you about them"
The phrase "will be named" means those born through Isaac are the ones God considers to be the descendants that he promised Abraham. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "Isaac is the one who will be the forefather of the descendants I promised to give you"
The word "nation" means God will give him many descendants so that they become a great nation of people. Alternate translation: "I will make the servant woman's son also become the father of a great nation"
These words could refer to 1) food in general or 2) bread specifically.
"a bag of water." The water container was made out of animal skin.
"When the water bag was empty" or "When they had drank all of the water"
This refers to the distance that a person could shoot an arrow with a bow. This is about 100 meters.
The abstract noun "death" can be stated as "die." Alternate translation: "I do not want to watch the boy die"
Here "voice" stands for the sound of her crying. To "life up her voice" means to cry loudly. Alternate translation: "she cried out loudly and wept" or "she wept loudly"
"the young man's voice." Here "voice" stands for the sound of the young man crying or speaking. Alternate translation: "the sound of Ishmael"
"a messenger from God" or "God's messenger"
Here "heaven" means the place where God lives.
"What is wrong" or "Why are you crying"
Here "voice" stands for the sound of the young man crying or speaking. Alternate translation: "the sound of the young man lying over there"
"help the young man stand up"
To make Ishmael into a great nation means God will give him many descendants who will become a great nation. Alternate translation: "I will make his descendants become a great nation" or "I will make him become the ancestor of a great nation"
God making Hagar aware of the well is spoken of as if he literally opened her eyes. Alternate translation: "God caused Hagar to see" or "God showed her"
"the container made of skin" or "the bag"
"the boy" or "Ishmael"
Here the phrase "was with" is an idiom that means God helped or blessed the young man. Alternate translation: "God guided the young man" or "God blessed the young man"
"became very skilled at using a bow and arrows"
"found a wife"
This phrase marks the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here.
This is the name of a man.
"commander of his army"
The word "his" refers to Abimelech.
Here the phrase "is with you" is an idiom that means God helps or blesses Abraham. Alternate translation: "God blesses everything you do"
The word "Now" does not mean "at this moment," but is used to draw attention to the important point that follows. Alternate translation: "Therefore"
This is an idiom meaning to make a solemn oath witnessed by a higher authority, in this instance, God. Alternate translation: "promise me with God as your witness"
"that you will not lie to me"
"will deal honestly with me and my descendants"
The two men had made a covenant with each other. The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be stated as "faithful" or "loyal." Alternate translation: "Be as faithful to me and to the land as I have been to you"
Here "land" stands for the people. Alternate translation: "to the people of the land"
This can be stated with the understood information. Alternate translation: "I swear to be as faithful to you and your people as you have been to me"
Possible meanings are 1) Abraham was complaining about what happened or 2) "Abraham also rebuked Abimelek"
"because Abimelek's servants had taken one of Abraham's wells"
"taken from Abraham" or "had taken control of"
"This is the first time I have heard about it"
This is a sign of friendship and that Abraham agrees to make covenant with Abimelek.
"Abraham separated seven female lambs from the flock"
"Why have you separated these seven lambs from the flock?"
"you will take"
Here "hand" stands for Abraham. Alternate translation: "from me"
The word "it" refers to the gift of seven lambs.
The abstract noun "witness" can be stated as "to prove." Alternate translation: "to prove to everyone"
"Abraham called that place"
Translators may add a footnote saying "Beersheba can mean either "well of the oath" or "well of seven."
"Abraham and Abimelech"
This is the name of a man. See how you translated this name in Genesis 21:22.
This is an evergreen tree that can grow in the desert. It can be stated more generally. Alternate translation: "a tree"
"the God who lives forever"
"for a long time"
Yahweh visited Sarah and she bore a son to Abraham at the promised time.
When Isaac was eight days old, Abraham circumcised him.
Sarah said that God had made her laugh.
Sarah saw the son of Hagar mocking.
Sarah told Abraham to drive out Hagar and her son, because Hagar's son would not be heir with Isaac.
Abraham was grieved by Sarah's demand.
God told Abraham to listen to Sarah.
Hagar and her son went into the wilderness.
God said he would make the son of Hagar into a great nation.
God opened Hagar's eyes and she saw a well of water.
Hagar's son became an archer and his mother got a wife for him from Egypt.
Hagar's son became and archer and his mother got a wife for him from Egypt.
Abimelech wanted Abraham to swear that he would not deal falsely with Abimelech, or with his children, or with his descendants. Abimelech asked Abraham to show to him the same covenant faithfulness that Abimelech had shown to Abraham.
Abraham complained to Abimelech about a well of water that Abimelech's servants had seized from him.
Abraham sent seven female lambs to Abimelech as a witness that he had dug the disputed well.
Abraham sent seven female lambs to Abimelech as a witness that he had dug the disputed well.
Abraham sent seven female lambs to Abimelech as a witness that he had dug the disputed well.
Abimelech returned into the land of the Philistines.
Abraham worshiped Yahweh, the eternal God.
Abraham lived in the land of the Philistines for many days.
Although Isaac was not Abraham's only son, he was the son who was to inherit Abraham's promised blessings. It is possible this parallels God's actual sacrifice of his son, Jesus, for the sins of man. (See: inherit and promise and sin)
After important events, it is common for Scripture to affirm the tenets of a covenant. This serves as a reminder of the covenant and affirms it. (See: covenant)
Extra care should be taken when translating "testing." It is best to avoid using the same word used for "tempting" even though they overlap in meaning. This is because Scripture also says God does not tempt anyone. (See: test and tempt and James 2:13)
This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here.
This phrase refers to the events in chapter 21.
It is implied that God tests Abraham to learn if Abraham will be faithful to him. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: God tested Abraham's faithfulness"
"Yes, I am listening" or "Yes, what is it?"
It is implied that God knows that Abraham has another son, Ishmael. This emphasizes that Isaac is the son that God promised to give Abraham. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: "your only son whom I have promised"
This emphasizes Abraham's love for his son, Isaac.
"the land called Moriah"
"loaded his donkey" or "put on his donkey what he needed for the journey"
"servants"
"started his journey" or "started traveling"
The word "third" is the ordinal number for three. Alternate translation: "After traveling for three days"
"saw far away the place that God had spoken of"
"servants"
The word "we" refers only to Abraham and Isaac, but not to the young men.
"return to you"
"had Isaac, his son, carry it"
Here "his own hand" emphasizes that Abraham himself carried these things. Alternate translation: "Abraham himself carried"
Here "fire" stands for a pan containing burning coals or a torch or lamp. Alternate translation: "something for starting a fire"
"they left together" or "the two of them went together"
This is a loving way for a son to speak to his father.
"Yes, I am listening" or "Yes, what is it?" See how you translated this in Genesis 22:1.
This is a loving way for a father to speak to his son.
Here "fire" stands for a pan containing burning coals or a torch or lamp. See how you translated this in [Genesis 22:6]
"the lamb that you will give as a burnt offering"
Here "himself" emphasizes that it is God who will provide the lamb.
"will give us"
"When Abraham and Isaac arrived at the place"
"he tied up"
"on top of the wood that was on the altar"
"picked up the knife"
Possible meanings are 1) Yahweh made himself look like an angel or 2) this was one of Yahweh's angels or 3) this was a special messenger from God (some scholars think it was Jesus). Since the phrase is not well understood, it is best to simply translate it as "the angel of Yahweh" using the normal word that you use for "angel." See the note about this phrase in Genesis 16:7.
This refers to the place where God lives.
"Yes, I am listening" or "Yes, what is it?" See how you translated this in Genesis 22:1.
The phrase "Do not lay your hand upon" is a way of saying "do not harm." God said basically the same thing twice to emphasize that Abraham should not hurt Isaac. Alternate translation: "Do not hurt the boy in any way"
The words "I" and "me" refer to Yahweh. When translating what is in the quote, do it as the angel of Yahweh did and use the words "I" and "me" when referring to Yahweh.
This refers to deeply respecting God and showing that respect by obeying him.
"because I see that"
"you have not held back your son ... from me." or "you were willing to offer your son ... to me"
It is implied that God knows that Abraham has another son, Ishmael. This emphasizes that Isaac is the son that God promised to give Abraham. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Genesis 22:2]
The word "behold" here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows.
This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "was a ram whose horns were stuck in the bushes" or "was a ram stuck in the bushes"
"Abraham went over to the ram and took it"
Use the same word for "provide" as you used in Genesis 22:8.
"even now." This means even to the time that the author was writing this book.
This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "he will provide"
Possible meanings are 1) Yahweh made himself look like an angel or 2) this was one of Yahweh's angels or 3) this was a special messenger from God (some scholars think it was Jesus). Since the phrase is not well understood, it is best to simply translate it as "The angel of Yahweh" using the normal word that you use for "angel." See the note about this phrase in Genesis 16:7.
The word "second" is the ordinal number for two. Alternate translation: "again"
Here the word "heaven" refers to the place where God lives.
"spoke this message from Yahweh" or "declared these words of Yahweh." This is a formal way of saying that the words that follow come directly from Yahweh.
"I have promised and I am my witness." To swear means to use the name of something or someone as the basis or power on which the oath is made. There is nothing more powerful for Yahweh to swear by than himself.
"you obeyed me"
"have not kept back your son" or "were willing to offer your son to me"
It is implied that God knows that Abraham has another son, Ishmael. This emphasizes that Isaac is the son that God promised to give Abraham. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Genesis 22:2]
"certainly bless"
"I will cause your descendants to increase again and again" or "I will cause your descendants to be very many"
God compared Abraham's descendants to the stars and the sand. Just as people cannot count the huge number of stars or the grains of sand, so there would be so many of Abraham's descendants that people would not be able to count them. Alternate translation: "beyond what you can count"
Here the word "heavens" refers to everything we see above the earth, including the sun, moon, and stars.
Here "gate" represents the whole city. To "possess the gate of their enemies" means destroying their enemies. Alternate translation: "will completely triumph over their enemies"
The angel of Yahweh continues speaking to Abraham.
This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "I, the Lord, will bless all the people living everywhere"
Here "nations" stands for the people of the nations.
Here "voice" stands for what God said. Alternate translation: "you have obeyed what I said" or "you have obeyed me"
Only Abraham was named because he was the father, but it was implied that his son went with him. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: "Abraham and his son went back"
"servants"
"they left that place"
Only Abraham was mentioned because he was the leader of his family and servants, but it was implied that they were with him. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: "Abraham and his people stayed in Beersheba"
"After these events." The phrase "these things" refers to the events of Genesis 22:1-19.
This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "someone told Abraham"
"Milkah has also borne children"
This is the name of a woman.
"The name of his firstborn was Uz, and the names of the rest of his children were Buz his brother"
These are all names of men. Translate this so that it is clear that all of these except Aram are the sons of Nahor and Milkah.
These are all names of men. Translate this so that it is clear that all of these are the sons of Nahor and Milkah.
"Later Bethel became the father of Rebekah"
"These were the eight children of Milkah and Nahor, Abraham's brother." This refers to the children that were listed in Genesis 22:21-22.
"Nahor's concubine"
This is the name of a woman.
"also gave birth to"
These are all names of men.
God told Abraham to go the land of Moriah and offer Isaac as a burnt offering.
God told Abraham to go the land of Moriah and offer Isaac as a burnt offering.
Abraham rose early in the morning and set out on his journey to the place God had told him about.
Abraham told his two young men that he and Isaac were going to worship and then would return.
Isaac asked Abraham, "Where is the lamb for the burnt offering"?
Abraham said that God would himself provide the lamb for the burnt offering.
Abraham prepared Isaac as the burnt offering by binding him and laying him on the altar.
The angel of Yahweh told Abraham to not harm Isaac.
The angel said that he now knew that Abraham feared God.
There was a ram caught in the bushes behind Abraham, which Abraham used as the burnt offering.
Abraham called the place, "Yahweh will provide".
The angel of Yahweh said he would bless Abraham because Abraham had not withheld his only son.
The angel of Yahweh said he would bless Abraham because Abraham had not withheld his only son.
Through Abraham's offspring all the nations of the earth were to be blessed, because Abraham had obeyed the angel of Yahweh's voice.
Abraham's interaction with the people show that he was greatly respected. This would have been unusual for a foreigner and indicates that Abraham was a man of great character.
Burial was a common practice when Abraham lived, but only the wealthy were able to bury their dead relatives in this way.
Some translations do not include this sentence.
This is the name of a city.
"Abraham was very sad and cried because Sarah died"
"got up and left his wife's body"
Here "sons" stands for those who descended from Heth. Alternate translation: "the descendants of Heth" or "the Hittites"
This idea may be expressed in terms of location. "in your country" or "here"
"Sell me some land" or "Allow me to buy a piece of land"
The nominal adjective "dead" can be stated as an adjective or a verb. Alternate translation: "my dead wife" or "my wife who has died"
Here "sons" stands for those who descended from Heth. See how you translated this in [Genesis 23:3]
This phrase is used to show respect to Abraham.
This is an idiom. This probably means "a powerful man" or "a mighty leader."
The nominal adjective "dead" can be stated as a verb or simply as "wife." Alternate translation: "your wife who has died" or "your wife"
"the best of our burial places"
"withhold his burial place from you" or "refuse to give to you his tomb"
This means to bend over or kneel down very low to humbly express respect and honor toward someone.
"to the sons of Heth who lived in the area"
Here "sons" stands for those who descended from Heth. See how you translated this in [Genesis 23:3]
The nominal adjective "dead" can be stated as a verb or simply as "wife." Alternate translation: "my wife who has died" or "my wife"
These are names of men.
"his cave that is at the end of his field in Machpelah"
"the cave in Machpela." Machpela was the name of an area or region. Ephron owned a field in Machpela and the cave that was in the field.
This tells something about the cave. Ephron owned the cave.
This also tells something about the cave. The cave was at the end of Ephron's field.
"sell it to me in front of you all" or "sell it to me in your presence"
"as a piece of land that I may own and use"
Here "Now" is used here to mark a change from the story to background information about Ephron.
This is the name of a man. See how you translated this in [Genesis 23:8]
Here "sons" stands for those who descended from Heth. See how you translated this in [Genesis 23:3]
The abstract noun "the hearing" can be stated as "hear" or "listening." Alternate translation: "so that all the sons of Heth could hear him" or "while all the sons of Heth were listening"
This tells which sons of Heth were listening. Alternate translation: "all those who had gathered at the gate of his city"
The city gate was where the leaders of the city would meet to make important decisions.
"the city where he lived." This phrase shows that Ephron belonged to that city. It does not mean that he owned it.
This phrase is used to show respect to Abraham.
Here "presence" stands for the people serving as witnesses. Alternate translation: "with my fellow countrymen as my witnesses"
This means "my fellow countrymen" or "my fellow Hittites"
This phrase shows that Ephron was part of that group of people. It does not mean that he was their leader.
"I give it to you. Bury your dead"
The nominal adjective "dead" can be stated as a verb or simply as "wife." Alternate translation: "your wife who has died" or "your wife"
This means to bend over or kneel down very low to humbly express respect and honor toward someone.
"people who lived in that area"
The abstract noun "the hearing" can be stated as "hear" or "listening" Alternate translation: "so that the people who lived in the area could hear" or "while the people who lived in the area were listening"
The word "but" shows a contrast. Ephron wanted to give the field to Abraham; Abraham wanted to pay for it. Alternate translation: "No, but if you are willing" or "No, but if you agree with this"
"I will give you money for the field"
The nominal adjective "dead" can be stated as a verb or simply as "wife." Alternate translation: "my wife who has died" or "my wife"
This is the name of a man. See how you translated this in [Genesis 23:8]
"Hear me, my master" or "Listen to me, kind sir"
This phrase is used to show respect to Abraham.
Ephron meant that since he and Abraham were both so wealthy, 400 pieces of silver was a small amount. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: "The piece of land is worth only four hundred shekels of silver. For you and me, that is nothing."
This is about 4.5 kilograms of silver.
"400"
The nominal adjective "dead" can be stated as a verb or simply as "wife." Alternate translation: "Go bury your wife who has died" or "Go bury your wife"
"Abraham weighed the silver and gave Ephron the amount" or "Abraham counted out to Ephron the amount of silver"
"the amount of silver that Ephron had said"
The abstract noun "the hearing" can be stated as "hear" or "listening." Alternate translation: "so that all the sons of Heth could hear him" or "while all the sons of Heth were listening"
Here "sons" stands for those who descended from Heth. See how you translated this in [Genesis 23:3]
"using the standard measurement of weight that merchants used." This can be stated as a new sentence. Alternate translation: "He weighed the silver the same way that the merchants used to weigh it"
Machpela was the name of an area or region. See how you translated this in [Genesis 23:9]
This was another name for the city of Hebron. It may have been named after Mamre, the friend of Abraham who lived there.
This phrase explains what the author meant when he wrote "the field of Ephron." It was not only the field, but also the cave and trees in the field.
"became property that belonged"
These words complete the idea that begins with the word "passed" in verse 17. "became Abraham's possession when he purchased it" or "belonged to Abraham after he bought it"
Here "presence" stands for the people serving as witnesses. Alternate translation: "with the people of Heth watching as witnesses"
Here "sons" stands for those who descended from Heth. See how you translated this in [Genesis 23:3]
This tells which sons of Heth saw Abraham buy the property. See how you translated this in [Genesis 23:10]
The city gate was where the leaders of the city would meet to make important decisions.
"the city where he lived." This phrase shows that Ephron belonged to that city. It does not mean that he owned it.
"After he bought the field"
"the cave in the field"
"the field in Machpelah"
Possible meanings are 1) Mamre was another name for Hebron or 2) Hebron was formerly called Mamre or 3) Mamre was very near the larger city of Hebron, so people usually called it Hebron.
"became Abraham's property for a burial ground when he bought it from the sons of Heth"
Here "sons" stands for those who descended from Heth. See how you translated this in [Genesis 23:3]
When Sarah died, Abraham first mourned for her and wept for her.
Abraham asked for a property to use as a burying-place.
Abraham asked for a property to use as a burying-place.
The sons of Heth offered the choicest of their tombs to Abraham.
The sons of Heth offered the choicest of their tombs to Abraham.
Ephron offered to give Abraham the cave and the field next to it.
Ephron offered to give Abraham the cave and the field next to it.
Abraham offered to pay for the field and the cave.
Abraham offered to pay for the field and the cave.
Ephron asked for four hundred shekels of silver for the field and the cave.
Abraham paid four hundred shekels of silver to Ephron for the piece of land.
Ephron asked for four hundred shekels of silver for the field and the cave.
Abraham paid four hundred shekels of silver to Ephron for the piece of land.
Abraham paid four hundred shekels of silver to Ephron for the piece of land.
The field, the cave that was in it, and all the trees that were in the field and all around its border were included in Abraham's purchase of the field of Ephron.
The field, the cave that was in it, and all the trees that were in the field and all around its border were included in Abraham's purchase of the field of Ephron.
Abraham then buried Sarah in the cave.
Some translations set poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to show that it is poetry. The ULB does this with the poetry in 24:60.
Abraham would not allow his son to marry anyone from the people of Canaan. This is because it would cause his son to worship other gods. Intermarriage and worshiping false gods are things that frequently caused Abraham's descendants to struggle. (See: god)
There are many instances recorded in this chapter which highlight Abraham's significant wealth. He owned more than 10 camels and had large amounts of gold.
Many scholars believe this is a euphemism. Putting one's hand on a man's genitals was a way to make an important oath. It represented power and progeny.
This word is used here to mark a stop in the main story. Here the author starts to tell a new part of the story.
Abraham was about to ask the servant to swear to do something. Putting his hand under Abraham's thigh would show that he would certainly do what he would swear to do.
This can be expressed as a command. Alternate translation: "swear"
The term "swear by" means to use the name of something or someone as the basis or power on which the oath is made. "promise me with Yahweh as your witness"
"the God of heaven and earth." The words "heaven" and "earth" are used together to mean every thing that God created. Alternate translation: "the God of everything in heaven and earth"
This refers to the place where God lives.
"from the Canaanite women" or "from the Canaanites." This refers to Canaanite females.
"among whom I live." Here, "I" stands for Abraham and all of his family and servants. Alternate translation: "among whom we live"
This can be stated as a command. Alternate translation: "Swear that you will go" or "But go"
"my family"
"What should I do if"
"will not follow me" or "refuses to come back with me"
"Should I take you son to live in the land from which you came"
The phrase "Make sure" emphasizes the command that follows. "Be careful not to take my son back there" or "You definitely must not take my son there"
Here "house" stands for the people in his family. Alternate translation: "who took me from my father and the rest of my family"
"swore an oath to me"
This is a quotation within a quotation. It can be stated as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: "saying that he would give this land to my descendants"
The words "he" and "his" refer to Yahweh.
Verse 8 is a continuation of the instructions Abraham gave his servant.
"But if the woman refuses to come with you." Abraham was answering the servant's question from Genesis 24:5.
"you will be released from the oath you made to me." Not having to fulfill an oath is spoken of as if the person is free from an object to which he was bound. Alternate translation: "you will not have to do what you swore to me that you would do"
This was to show that he would certainly do what he was swearing to do.
"made an oath to him"
"concerning Abraham's request" or "that he would do what Abraham said"
The sentence starting with "He also took" gives additional information about what the servant took with him on the journey. He gathered them before he departed.
This means he also took many good things that his master wanted to give to the woman's family.
"set out and went" or "he left and went"
Possible meanings are 1) the city where Nahor lived" or 2) "the city called Nahor." If you can translate it without choosing a meaning, do so.
Camels are tall animals with long legs. He made them bend their legs and lower their bodies to the ground. "He made the camels lie down"
"water well" or "well"
"get water"
"Then the servant said"
You can state this with the connecting word "by." This makes clear how the servant wants God to show covenant faithfulness. Alternate translation: "Show covenant faithfulness to my master Abraham by granting me success today"
"give me success." The servant wanted to find a good wife for Abraham's son. The abstract noun "success" can be stated as a verb. Alternate translation: "help me to succeed" or "make me able to do what I have come here to do"
The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be stated as "faithful." Alternate translation: "be faithful to the covenant you have with my master Abraham" or "be faithful to my master Abraham"
"You can see me standing here"
"the spring" or "the well"
"the young women of the city"
"Let it happen this way" or "Make this happen"
This is a quotation within a quotation. This can be expressed with an indirect quote. Alternate translation: "When I ask a young woman to let me have a drink of water from her jar"
The women carried the pitchers on their shoulder. She would have to lower it to give the man a drink.
a medium-size jar made of clay used for holding and pouring liquids
The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be stated as "been faithful." Alternate translation: "that you have been faithful to the covenant you have with my master Abraham" or "you have been faithful to my master Abraham"
This phrase is used here to mark where the action starts. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here.
The word "behold" here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows.
This is a medium-size jar made of clay used for holding and pouring liquids. See how you translated this in Genesis 24:14.
"Rebekah's father was Bethuel. Bethuel's parents were Milkah and Nahor. Nahor was Abraham's brother"
Bethuel was Rebekah's father. See how you translated this name in [Genesis 22:22]
This is the name of a man. See how you translated his name in [Genesis 11:22]
Milkah was Nahor's wife and Bethuel's mother. See how you translated this name in [Genesis 11:29]
This is a polite way of saying that the she had not had sexual relations with any man. You may need to use another euphemism in your language.
The spring was somewhere lower in elevation than where the servant was standing.
"to meet the young woman"
"a little water"
This is a medium-size jar made of clay used for holding and pouring liquids. See how you translated this in Genesis 24:14.
"sir." Here the woman uses this term of respect to refer to the man, though she is not his slave.
"she quickly lowered her pitcher." She was carrying the pitcher on her shoulder. She had to lower it to get water for the servant.
"I will get water"
"So she quickly emptied her pitcher"
"the animals' water trough." A trough is a long open container for holding water for animals to drink.
"The servant"
"watched Rebekah" or "watched the young woman"
Learning something is often spoken of as if it were seeing. Alternate translation: "to know" or "to determine"
"had fulfilled the purpose of his journey" or "had made his journey successful." You can make explicit what specifically the servant was trying to determine. Alternate translation: "was showing him the woman who would become Isaac's wife"
You can state clearly the understood information. Alternate translation: "or not prospered his journey"
"a gold nose ring that weighed six grams." The weight indicates the value of the ring. Alternate translation: "an expensive gold nose ring"
"two gold bracelets for her arms that weighed 110 grams." The weight shows their size and value. Alternate translation: "two large gold bracelets for her arms"
"Who is your father"
"is there a place in your father's house"
Apparently other men went on this journey with Abraham's servant. Here "us" refers to the servant and those traveling with him, but not to those to whom he was speaking.
"to stay tonight" or "to stay for the night"
"Rebekah said" or "the young woman said"
"to the servant"
"Bethuel is my father, and his parents are Milkah and Nahor"
It is understood that the straw and feed are for the camels. You can make clear this understood information. Alternate translation: "We have plenty of straw and feed for the camels"
"for you to stay tonight" or "where you can stay for the night"
Here "you" refers to the servant and those traveling with him.
"the servant"
This is a sign of humility before God.
"has not stopped showing his covenant faithfulness and trustworthiness to my master." The abstract nouns "faithfulness" and "trustworthiness" can be stated as "to be faithful and trustworthy." Alternate translation: "has not stopped being faithful to his covenant and trustworthy toward my master" or "has not stopped being faithful and trustworthy to my master"
This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: "continues to show"
"my master's family" or "my master's clan"
Here "household" stands for all the people living in her mother's house. Alternate translation: "ran to the house and told her mother and everyone there"
"everything that had just happened"
This word is used here to mark a stop in the main story. Here the author tells background information about Rebekah. The author introduces her brother, Laban, to the story.
These things happened before he ran out to the man. This tells why Laban ran out to the man.
This can be stated as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: "when he had heard his sister Rebekah tell what the man had said to her"
The word "behold" here adds emphasis to what follows. "it was just as she had said: he"
"Come in, you" or "Enter, you"
"you whom Yahweh has blessed"
Here the word "you" refers to Abraham's servant.
Laban used this question to invite Abraham's servant into his house. This question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: "You do not need to stay outside."
The word "came" can be translated as "went."
It is not clear who did this work. This may be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "Laban's servants unloaded the camels" or "the camels were unloaded"
This does not say who did the work. If you state this in active form use "Laban's servants" as the subject. Alternate translation: "Laban's servants gave straw and feed to the camels, and they provided water"
"for Abraham's servant and the men who were with him to wash their feet"
Here, the word "they" refers to Laban's family members or to the household servants.
"gave food to the servant"
"spoken my words" or "told you why I am here"
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Here the word "he" refers to Abraham.
"become very wealthy"
The word "he" refers to Yahweh.
Abraham's servant continues speaking to Rebekah's family.
"gave birth to a son"
"my master has given ... to his son"
"My master made me swear that I would do what he told me to do. He said"
This refers to Canaanite females. Alternate translation: "from the Canaanite women" or "from the Canaanites"
"among whom I live." Here, "I" stands for Abraham and all of his family and servants. Alternate translation: "among whom we live"
"to my own clan"
Abraham's servant continues speaking to Rebekah's family.
This is something that could possibly happen. The servant wanted to know what he should do if that happened. Alternate translation: "What if the woman will not come back with me?" or "What should I do if the woman will not come back with me?"
Serving Yahweh is spoken of as if Abraham were walking in Yahweh's presence. Alternate translation: "whom I serve"
"he will make your journey successful"
"family"
"you will be released from the oath you made to me." Not having to fulfill an oath is spoken of as if the person is free from an object to which he was bound. Alternate translation: "you will not have to do what you swore to me that you would do"
Languages use the words come and go differently. Alternate translation: "if you arrive at my relatives' home" or "if you go to my relatives"
Abraham's servant continues speaking to Rebekah's family.
"the well"
The servant goes back to stating his request. These are the first two things he has to say about the woman whom he hopes will come.
"to get water"
This is a medium-size jar made of clay used for holding and pouring liquids. See how you translated this in Genesis 24:14.
The thought that begins with the words "let the young woman who comes" in verse 43 ends here. This is the third of the three things the servant has to say about the woman whom he hopes will come.
The servant finishes his request.
Abraham's servant continues speaking to Rebekah's family.
To pray silently in one's mind is spoken of as if he were speaking in his heart. The word "heart" refers to his thoughts and his mind. Alternate translation: "praying" or "praying quietly"
"suddenly Rebekah came" or "I was surprised because I saw Rebekah coming"
This is a medium-size jar made of clay used for holding and pouring liquids. See how you translated this in Genesis 24:14.
The phrase "went down" is used because the spring was somewhere lower than where the servant was standing.
opening in the ground from which fresh water comes
"gave water to the camels"
Abraham's servant continues speaking to Rebekah's family.
"My father is Bethuel. His parents are Nahor and Milkah"
In this story, all of these items were made of gold. See how you translated these in Genesis 24:22.
This is a sign of humility before God.
"brought me here"
The connecting word "because" can be used to show this is why the servant worshiped God. Alternate translation: "because Yahweh led me"
This refers to Bethuel, the son of Abraham's brother Nahor.
Abraham's servant continues speaking to Rebekah's family.
"Now." Here "Now" does not mean "at this moment," but is used to draw attention to the important point that follows.
The abstract nouns "love" and "faithfulness" can be stated with the verb "love" and the adjective "faithful." Also, you could state explicitly how they could show the "steadfast love and faithfulness." Alternate translation: "tell me if you will love my master and be faithful to him by giving Rebekah to be his son's wife"
The word "you" refers to Laban and Bethuel.
The understood information can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: "But if you are not prepared to treat my master with steadfast love and faithfulness"
Possible meanings are 1) deciding what to do is spoken of as if the person will physically turn one direction or another. Alternate translation: "so that I will know what do" or 2) the servant wants to know if he needs to travel somewhere else. Alternate translation: "so that I may continue on my journey"
This was the father of Laban and Rebekah.
"Yahweh has caused all of this to happen"
They are saying they do not have the authority to decide whether what God has done is good or bad. Alternate translation: "we dare not judge what Yahweh is doing"
"You can see Rebekah here"
"Here is Rebekah"
"what Laban and Bethuel said"
Bowing down before God is an expression of worship to him.
"silver and gold items" or "things made of silver and gold"
"expensive gifts" or "valuable gifts"
"Abraham's servant and his men"
"slept there that night"
"got up the next morning"
"Let me leave and return"
"at least ten more days"
"Then"
"Abraham's servant said"
"to Rebekah's brother and mother"
"Do not delay me" or "Do not make me wait"
Here "way" stands for a journey. Alternate translation: "Yahweh has caused me to succeed in the purpose my journey"
"Allow me to leave"
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"So the family sent Rebekah"
Rebekah was Laban's sister. Alternate translation: "their relative" or "Laban's sister"
This refers to the female servant who had fed Rebekah when she was a baby, cared for her when she was a child, and still served her.
Rebekah was not the sister to everyone in her family. But they called her this to show that they loved her. Alternate translation: "Our dear Rebekah"
Here "mother" stands for ancestor. Alternate translation: "may you be the ancestor of millions of people" or "may you have very many descendants"
This means a very large number or an uncountable number.
Armies would break through the gate of their enemies' cities and conquer the people. Alternate translation: "may your descendants completely defeat those who hate them"
"Then Rebekah and her servant girls went and got on the camels"
"In this way Abraham's servant took Rebekah with him and returned to where he had come from"
This word marks a change in the story. It was telling about the servant finding a wife, and now it will tell about Isaac.
This is the name of a water well in the Negev. See how you translated it in Genesis 16:14.
"One evening Isaac went out to the field to think." This must have been a long time after the servant and Rebekah left her home since they had to travel a long distance.
The word "behold" here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows. "When he looked up he was surprised to see camels coming"
"Rebekah looked up"
"she quickly got off the camel"
"So she covered her face with her veil." This is a sign of respect and modesty towards the man she will marry. The full meaning of this can be made explicit.
a piece of cloth used to cover a person's head, shoulders and face
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Both of these phrases mean that Isaac married Rebekah. Alternate translation: "married Rebekah" or "took her as his wife"
This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "So Rebekah comforted Isaac"
Abraham made his oldest servant swear that he would get a wife for Isaac from Abraham's relatives.
Abraham made his oldest servant swear that he would get a wife for Isaac from Abraham's relatives.
Abraham made his oldest servant swear that he would get a wife for Isaac from Abraham's relatives.
Abraham insisted that the servant not take Isaac back to the land from which Abraham came.
Abraham insisted that the servant not take Isaac back to the land from which Abraham came.
The servant asked that the woman whom he asked to lower her pitcher to get a drink would do so and offer to water his camels also.
The servant asked that the woman whom he asked to lower her pitcher to get a drink would do so and offer to water his camels also.
The servant asked that the woman whom he asked to lower her pitcher to get a drink would do so and offer to water his camels also.
Rebekah was the granddaughter of Nahor, Abraham's brother.
Rebekah gave the servant a drink.
Rebekah gave the servant a drink.
After Rebekah finished giving the servant a drink she said, "I will draw water for your camels also, until they have finished drinking."
The servant worshipped Yahweh and blessed him.
The servant worshipped Yahweh and blessed him.
Laban was Rebekah's brother.
Laban invited Abraham's servant to stay at his house.
Abraham's servant insisted on saying why he had come before he ate.
Abraham had said that Yahweh would send his angel with the servant to prosper his way.
Abraham's servant had given Rebekah a gold ring for her nose and bracelets for her arms.
Laban and Bethuel answered that the servant should take Rebekah and go, so that Rebekah could be the wife of Abraham's son.
Laban and Bethuel answered that the servant should take Rebekah and go, so that Rebekah could be the wife of Abraham's son.
The servant bowed down to Yahweh and gave gifts to Rebekah and to her brother and mother.
The servant bowed down to Yahweh and gave gifts to Rebekah and to her brother and mother.
When they arose the next morning, they wanted Abraham's servant to stay with them for at least ten more days.
When they arose the next morning, they wanted Abraham's servant to stay with them for at least ten more days.
Rebekah said that she wanted to go with the servant.
Rebekah said that she wanted to go with the servant.
Rebekah said that she wanted to go with the servant.
Rebekah's family blessed her that she might be the mother of thousands and ten thousands, and that her descendants might possess the gate of those who hate them.
Isaac was out in the field meditating.
When she saw Isaac, Rebekah jumped down from the camel and covered herself with her veil.
When she saw Isaac, Rebekah jumped down from the camel and covered herself with her veil.
Isaac brought Rebekah into his mother Sarah's tent and took Rebekah as his wife.
Some translations set poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to show that it is poetry. The ULB does this with the poetry in 25:23.
Abraham married another wife. This was sinful of him. Many other Hebrew leaders came to marry multiple wives. This is known as "polygamy." It has never been an acceptable practice. (See: sin)
In the ancient Near East, inheritance was passed on through the eldest son. Even though Esau and Jacob were twins, it is very important that Esau was born first. It was his birthright to receive his inheritance, but he foolishly gave it up. (See: inherit and birthright and fool)
God begins to fulfill the promise he gave to Abraham about making his descendants numerous. Many of these children through his concubines would become large people groups. This may not be easy to understand without the remainder of the Old Testament and the history it records.
See.
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This refers to the people named in verses 2-4.
"Isaac inherited all that Abraham owned." It was normal for the father to divide his wealth when he was old and not leave that for others to do after he died.
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"These were ... he lived, one hundred and seventy-five years." Abraham lived 175 years.
"Abraham took his last breath and died." The phrases "breathed his last" and "died" mean basically the same thing. Alternate translation: "Abraham died"
This is a polite way of saying a person died.
These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize that Abraham lived a very long time. Alternate translation: "when he had lived a very long time and was very old"
Living a long life is spoken of as if life were a container that becomes full.
This means that after Abraham died, his soul went to the same place as his relatives who died before him. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "he joined his family members who had already died"
Ephron owned a field in Machpelah and the cave that was in that field. Abraham bought the field from Ephron.
Machpelah was the name of an area or region. See how you translated this in [Genesis 23:9]
These are names of men. See how you translated these men's names in [Genesis 23:8]
Machpela was near Mamre.
This was another name for the city of Hebron. It may have been named after Mamre, the friend of Abraham who lived there. See how you translated this place name in [Genesis 23:17]
"Abraham had bought this field"
"the descendants of Heth" or "the Hittites." See how you translated this in Genesis 23:5.
This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "They buried Abraham"
This name means "the well of the living one who sees me." See how you translated this place name in [Genesis 16:14]
This word is used in English to introduce a new part of the story and information about Ishmael.
See.
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This can be stated as two sentences. "These were the names of Ishmael's twelve sons. They led tribes that were named after them, and they each had their own villages and campsites"
"12"
Here the word "princes" means that the men were leaders or rules of the tribes; it does not mean that they were the sons of a king.
"These were ... Ishmael, one hundred and thirty-seven years." Ishmael lived 137 years.
The terms "breathed his last" and "died" mean basically the same thing. Alternate translation: "died"
This means that after Ishmael died, his soul went to the same place as his relatives who died before him. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "he joined his family members who had already died"
"His descendants settled"
"between Havilah and Ashhur"
Havilah was located somewhere in the Arabian Desert. See how you translated this in [Genesis 2:11]
"in the direction of"
Possible meanings are 1) "they did not live in peace together," or 2) "they lived away from their other relatives."
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"40 years old"
"when he married Rebekah"
Bethuel was Rebekah's father. See how you translated this name in [Genesis 22:22]
This was another name for the region of Mesopotamia, which about the same location as modern Iraq.
"she was unable to become pregnant"
It can be made explicit that Rebekah was pregnant with two babies at the same time: "Rebekah, his wife, became pregnant with twins"
"the babies inside her kept bumping against each other" or "The babies pushed against each other within her"
Rebekah was pregnant with twins.
"She went and asked Yahweh about this." It is not clear where she went. She may have gone somewhere private to pray, or she may have gone somewhere to offer a sacrifice.
"said to Rebekah"
This is poetic language. If your language has a way to indicate poetry, you could use it here.
Here "two nations" stands for the two children. Each child will be the father of a nation. Alternate translation: "Two nations will come from the twins within you"
Here "two peoples" stands for the two children. Each child will be the father of a people. This can be translated with an active verb. Alternate translation: "when you give birth to these two children they will be rivals"
Possible meanings are 1) "the older son will serve the younger son" or 2) "the descendants of the older son will serve the descendants of the younger son." If possible, translate it so that people could understand either meaning.
"she was surprised to learn that there"
Possible meanings are 1) his skin was red and he had a lot of hair on his body or 2) he had a lot of red hair on his body. Alternate translation: "red and hairy like a garment made of animal hair"
Translators may add a footnote that says "The name Esau sounds like the word 'hairy.'"
"holding the back part of Esau's foot"
Translators may also add a footnote that says "The name Jacob means 'he grasps the heel.'"
"60 years old"
"became good at hunting and killing animals for food"
"a peaceful man" or "a less active man"
This speaks about time as if it were a commodity that someone could spend. Alternate translation: "who remained in the tents much of the time"
This word is used to mark a change in focus, shifting from the story to background information about Isaac and Rebekah.
Here the word "loved" means "favored" or "preferred."
"because he ate the animals that Esau had hunted" or "because he enjoyed eating the wild animal meat that Esau caught"
Since this is the beginning of a story about something that happened one time, some translators may want to start it with a phrase like "One day, Jacob cooked" in a similar manner to the UDB.
"boiled some food" or "cooked some soup." This stew was made of boiled lentils (Genesis 25:34).
"he was weak because he was very hungry" or "he was very hungry"
"I am weak from hunger" or "I am very hungry"
Translators may add a footnote that says "The name Edom means 'red.'"
right as firstborn to inherit most of the father's wealth
Esau was exaggerating to emphasize how hungry he was. Alternate translation: "I am so hungry I feel like I could die"
Esau used a question to emphasize that eating was more important than a birthright. This can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: "My inheritance is no good to me if I die of hunger!"
What Jacob wanted Esau to swear can be stated explicitly. Alternate translation: "First swear to me that you will sell me your birthright"
These are like beans, but their seeds are very small, round, and somewhat flat.
"Esau showed that he did not value his birthright"
Abraham took another wife named Keturah.
Abraham gave gifts to the sons of his concubines, and gave all that he owned to Isaac.
Abraham gave gifts to the sons of his concubines, and gave all that he owned to Isaac.
Abraham lived one hundred seventy-five years.
Both Isaac and Ishmael buried Abraham.
The twelve sons of Ishmael lived with each other in hostility.
Isaac prayed to Yahweh for his wife, and Yahweh answered his prayer, and Rebekah conceived.
Yahweh said that there were two nations in her womb, one people stronger than the other, and that the older would serve the younger.
Esau was born first, and he was red all over like a hairy garment.
Jacob was born second, and he was grasping Esau's heel as he was born.
Esau was a skillful hunter and a man of the field.
Jacob was a quiet man who spent his time in the tents.
Isaac loved Esau, and Rebekah loved Jacob.
Edom was another name for Esau.
Jacob asked for Esau's birthright in return for the red stew.
Esau swore an oath and sold his birthright to Jacob.
Esau was despising his birthright when he responded to Jacob's offer in this way.
When things in the land were bad, Isaac did not trust in Yahweh. Instead, he ran to the safety of Egypt. Even when Abraham's descendants did not trust in Yahweh's faithfulness to fulfill his covenant, Yahweh remained faithful to his covenant and blessed Isaac. (See: trust, faithful and fulfill and covenant)
In the ancient Near East, wells were very important strategically. Therefore, they were a sign of power and a sign of God's blessing being upon Isaac.
Isaac was afraid the Egyptians would see him as a foreigner and upon seeing his beautiful wife, they would try to kill him. This would free Rebekah to marry someone else. Apparently, it would have been easy for them to kill a foreigner without punishment. If she was Isaac's sister, they would have shown favor to him. This is the same thing his father, Abraham, did. (See: and favor)
This word is used here to mark a new part of the story.
"there was a famine" or "there was another famine"
You can state explicitly the land to which this refers. Alternate translation: "in the land where Isaac and his family lived"
"that had happened during Abraham's life" or "that had happened while Abraham was alive"
Yahweh begins to speak to Isaac.
"appeared to Isaac"
It was common to speak of leaving the promised land as "going down" to another place.
"for I will give all these lands to you and your descendants"
"I will do what I promised Abraham your father I would do"
Yahweh continues speaking to Isaac.
"I will cause you to have very many descendants."
This speaks about the number of Isaac's descendants as if they were the same as the number of stars. See how you translated this in [Genesis 22:17]
This refers to everything we see above the earth, including the sun, moon, and stars.
This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "I will bless all the nations of the earth"
The phrases "obeyed my voice" and "kept my instructions, my commandments, my statutes, and my laws" mean basically the same thing. Alternate translation: "Abraham obeyed me and did everything I commanded him to do"
Here "voice" stands for Yahweh. Alternate translation: "obeyed me"
Only Isaac is mentioned because he is the leader of the family, but his whole family was with him. Alternate translation: "So Isaac and his family settled in Gerar"
Here "fear" refers to the unpleasant feeling a person has when there is a threat of harm to himself or others. "He was afraid to say"
"in order to take Rebekah"
The word "behold" shows that what Abimelech saw surprised him. Alternate translation: "And he was surprised to see that Isaac"
Possible meanings are 1) he was touching her the way a husband touches his wife or 2) he was laughing and talking with her the way a husband talks with his wife.
Abimelek probably sent someone to tell Isaac that Abimelek wanted to see him. Alternate translation: "Abimelek sent someone to bring Isaac to him"
This is a quotation within a quotation. It can be stated as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: "Why did you say that she is your sister?"
"so he could take her"
Abimelech used this question to scold Isaac. Alternate translation: "You should not have done this to us!"
The word "lain" here is a euphemism for "had sexual relations."
This speaks about causing someone to be guilty as if "guilt" were an object that is placed on someone. Alternate translation: "you would have caused us to be guilty of taking a man's wife"
Here "us" refers to Abimelech and his people.
Here "touches" means to touch in a harmful way. Alternate translation: "Whoever harms this man"
Abimelech may have intended to tell someone to kill anyone who might harm Isaac or Rebekah. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "I will put him to death" or "I will order my men to kill him"
This begins a new part of the story. It changes from telling about Isaac calling Rebekah his sister, and it starts to tell about how Isaac became very rich and the Philistines were jealous of him.
"in Gerar"
This means "one hundred times as much as he planted." It can be translated more generally as "a very large crop."
"Isaac became rich" or "He became rich"
"he gained more and more until he became very wealthy"
This may also include goats.
Here "household" stands for workers or servants. Alternate translation: "many servants"
"The Philistines were jealous of him"
Here this word does not mean "at this moment." It is indicating where the action in the story begins. It can be translated with the connecting word "So" to show that this is a result of what happened in [Genesis 26:12-14]
The phrase "in the days of" stands for a person's lifetime. Alternate translation: "when Abraham, his father, was living" or "during his father Abraham's lifetime"
Possible meanings are 1) this is another action to force Isaac and his people to leave. Alternate translation: "Then Abimelek said" or "Finally Abimelek said" or 2) Abimelek made this decision because he saw that his people were jealous and acting in a hostile way towards Isaac. Alternate translation: "Therefore Abimelek said"
"much stronger than we are"
Only Isaac is mentioned because he is the leader, but his family and servants went with him. Alternate translation: "So Isaac and his household left"
Here "Isaac" stands for Isaac and his servants. Alternate translation: "Isaac and his servants dug out"
"which Abraham's servants had dug"
"during his father Abraham's lifetime" or "when Abraham, his father, was living"
This was the reason that Isaac dug them out. Possible ways to translate this are: 1) Since this happened first, this sentence can come before the sentence about Isaac digging them out, as in the UDB. or 2) This sentence can start with "Isaac did this because the Philistines had stopped them up."
"had filled them with earth"
This phrase refers to a natural spring they uncovered when they were digging a new well. It provided a continuous flow of fresh drinking water. Alternate translation: "fresh water"
men who tended livestock
Here "ours" refers to the herdsmen of Gerar.
Translators may also add a footnote that says "The name Esek means 'quarrel' or 'argue.'"
"Then Isaac's servants dug"
"the herdsmen of Gerar argued with Isaac's herdsmen"
"so Isaac gave it"
Translators may add a footnote that says "The name Sitnah means 'oppose' or 'accuse.'"
Translators may add a footnote that says "The name Rehoboth means 'make room for' or 'empty place.'"
Isaac was speaking about himself and his household.
Here "went up" is probably a reference to going north. Say that he departed in the most natural way for your language. Alternate translation: "Isaac left there and went to Beersheba"
"will cause your descendants to increase greatly" or "will cause your descendants to be very many"
"for my servant Abraham" or you can make the full meaning explicit. Alternate translation: "because I promised my servant Abraham that I would do this"
You can make explicit why Isaac built an altar. Alternate translation: "Isaac built an altar there to sacrifice to Yahweh"
To "call on" means to pray or to worship. Here "name" stands for Yahweh. Alternate translation: "prayed to Yahweh" or "worshiped Yahweh"
"went to Isaac"
This is the name of a man.
Possible meanings are 1) "Abimelech's friend" or 2) "Abimelech's advisor."
This is the name of a man. See how you translated his name in Genesis 21:22.
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This refers to Abimelech, Ahuzzath, and Phicol. One of them spoke and the other two agreed with what he said. It does not mean they all spoke at the same time. Alternate translation: "one of them said"
"We know" or "We are certain"
"So we want to make a covenant"
This can also be translated as the beginning of a new sentence. "We have done only good to you"
This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "Yahweh has blessed you"
Eating a meal together was a part of making a covenant with one another.
Here "them" refers to "Abimelech, Ahuzzath, and Phicol"
Here "they" refers to Isaac, Abimelech, Ahuzzath, and Phicol. Alternate translation: "they all ate"
"They awoke early"
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"So he called the well Shibah." Translators may add a footnote that says "The name Shibah sounds like the word that means 'oath.'"
Translators may add a footnote saying "Beersheba can mean either "well of the oath" or "well of seven." (See note on Genesis 21:32)
Most of Genesis 26 was about Isaac. These verses are about his older son Esau.
"40"
"he married." You can state explicitly that he married two women. Alternate translation: "he took two wives"
These are the names of Esau's wives.
These are names of men.
"the descendant of Heth" or "a descendant of Heth." The Hittite people were the descendants of Heth.
Here "they" refers to Judith and Basemath. To make someone sorrowful or miserable is spoken of as if "sorrow" were an object that a person could bring to another person. Alternate translation: "They made Isaac and Rebekah sorrowful" or "Isaac and Rebekah were miserable because of them"
Isaac moved to Gerar because there was a famine in the land.
Yahweh had told Isaac not to move to Egypt, and to stay in the land about which he would tell Isaac.
Yahweh told Isaac that he would fulfill the oath which Yahweh had sworn to Abraham.
Yahweh said he was going to do this because Abraham had obeyed his voice and kept his instructions, commandments, statutes, and laws.
Isaac told the men of Gerar that Rebekah was his sister.
Because of Isaac's lie, someone could have had sexual relations with Rebekah and brought guilt upon the people.
Because of Isaac's lie, someone could have had sexual relations with Rebekah and brought guilt upon the people.
Abimelech commanded that anyone who touched Rebekah would be put to death.
Abimelech asked Isaac to move away from the Philistines because he said, "...for you are mightier than we."
Isaac had to dig out the wells of water which they had dug in the days of Abraham because the Philistines had stopped them up after Abraham's death.
Isaac named the well, over which the herdsmen of Gerar did not quarrel with him, Rehoboth.
Yahweh reaffirmed that he would bless Isaac and multiply his descendants.
Yahweh reaffirmed that he would bless Isaac and multiply his descendants.
Abimelech wanted to make a covenant that neither side would harm the other, because he saw that Yahweh was with Isaac.
Abimelech wanted to make a covenant that neither side would harm the other, because he saw that Yahweh was with Isaac.
Isaac made a feast, and they swore an oath with each other.
Isaac made a feast, and they swore an oath with each other.
The two wives of Esau were from the Hittites.
Esau's wives brought sorrow to Isaac and Rebekah.
Some translations set poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to show that it is poetry. The ULB does this with the poetry in 27:27-29 and in 27:39-40.
In the ancient Near East, a father's blessing was very important. This spoken blessing was legally binding. Jacob previously received the birthright from Esau and was guaranteed the double portion of land money that was supposed to be inherited by the older son, Esau. In this chapter, Jacob tricks Isaac into giving him Esau's blessing. This means that he is to inherit the promises of the covenant Yahweh made with Abraham. (See: bless, birthright, inherit and promise and covenant)
This speaks about being nearly blind as if the eyes were a lamp and the light has nearly gone out. Alternate translation: "he was nearly blind" or "he was almost blind"
"I am here" or "I am listening." See how you translated this in Genesis 22:1.
The phrase "See now" indicates that what follows is a polite request for the hearer to pay attention. "Please listen carefully: I" See how you translated this phrase in Genesis 12:11.
It is implied that Isaac knows he will die soon. Alternate translation: "I may die any day now"
This refers to physical death.
Isaac continues giving instructions to his older son Isaac.
"your hunting equipment"
A quiver is a case for holding arrows. Alternate translation: "your quiver of arrows"
"hunt a wild animal for me"
The word "delicious" refers to something that tastes very good. Alternate translation: "Cook for me the tasty meat that I love"
In Bible times, a father would often pronounce a formal blessing on his children.
This verse is background information for the description of the events that follow.
This verse is background information for the description of the events that follow. The word "now" shows that the author is going to begin to talk about Rebekah and Jacob.
"Rebekah heard Isaac speaking to his son Esau"
Esau was the son of both Isaac and Rebekah. The author calls Esau "his son" to emphasize that Isaac preferred Esau over Isaac.
This verse continues the background information that begins with the words "Now Rebekah heard" in verse 5. It is background information for the description of the events that follow.
This verse continues the background information that begins with the words "Esau went ... bring it back" in verse 5. It is background information for the description of the events that follow. After Esau leaves, Rebekah speaks to Jacob because of what she has heard. "So when Esau went ... bring it back, Rebekah spoke to Jacob"
Jacob was the son of both Isaac and Rebekah. The author calls Jacob "her son" here to emphasize that Rebekah preferred Jacob over Esau.
The phrase "see here" adds emphasis to what follows. Alternate translation: "Listen carefully"
These are the words that the author introduces with the words "He said" in verse 6. This is a quotation within a quotation. It can be stated as an indirect quotation. "He told Esau to hunt a wild animal, and to make the tasty meat that he loves. Then before he dies, your father will bless Esau in the presence of Yahweh."
"Bring me a wild animal that you hunt and kill"
"cook for me the tasty meat that I love." See how this was translated in Genesis 27:4.
"bless you before Yahweh"
"before I die"
Rebekah continues to speak to her younger son Jacob.
This does not mean "at this moment," but is used to draw attention to the important point that follows.
Rebekah said "my voice" to refer to what she was saying. Alternate translation: "obey me and do what I tell you"
The word "delicious" refers to something that tastes very good. See how a similar sentence was translated in Genesis 27:4.
"Then take it to your father"
"and after he eats it, he will bless you"
The word "bless" refers to the formal blessing a father pronounces on his children.
"before he dies"
"I am a man with smooth skin" or "I am not hairy"
"he will think that I am a liar" or "he will know that I am deceiving him"
Being cursed or blessed is spoken of as if a curse and a blessing are objects that are placed on a person. Alternate translation: "Then because of this, he will curse me and not bless me"
"let your curse be on me, my son." Being cursed is spoken of as if the curse were on object that is placed on the person. Alternate translation: "let your father curse me instead of you, my son"
Rebekah said "my voice" to refer to what she was saying. Alternate translation: "obey what I tell you" or "obey me"
"bring me the young goats"
The word "delicious" refers to something that tastes very good. See how a similar sentence was translated in Genesis 27:4.
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The goat skins still had the hair on them.
"She gave to her son Jacob the delicious food and bread which she had prepared"
"Yes, I am listening" or "Yes, what is it?" See how you translated this in Genesis 22:1.
"I have done what you told me to do"
The word "game" refers to wild animals that someone hunts and kills. See how "game" was translated in Genesis 27:3.
"Jacob replied"
This is an idiom meaning that God caused it to happen. Alternate translation: "helped me to succeed while hunting"
"if you are really my son Esau"
"Jacob approached Isaac his father"
Here Issac speaks of Jacob's voice as representing Jacob. Alternate translation: "You sound like Jacob"
Here Issac speaks of Esau's hands as representing Esau. Alternate translation: "but your hands feel like Esau's hands"
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Isaac asks this question before blessing his son. Alternate translation: "But first Isaac asked"
The word "game" refers to a wild animal that people hunt and kill. See how "game" was translated in Genesis 27:7.
"Isaac drank it"
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It can be made explicit that the clothes smelled like Esau's clothes. Alternate translation: "he smelled his clothes and they smelled like Esau's clothes, so Isaac blessed him"
"Isaac smelled"
"the scent"
"then he blessed him." This refers to the formal blessing a father pronounces on his children.
The word "see" is used as an emphatic figure of speech to mean "it is true." Alternate translation: "Truly, the smell of my son"
Here the word "blessed" means that Yahweh has caused good things to happen to the field and it has become fruitful. Alternate translation: "that Yahweh has caused to be very productive"
This is Isaac's blessing. He thought he was speaking to Esau, but he was speaking to Jacob.
Here "you" is singular and refers to Jacob. But the blessing would also apply to Jacob's descendants.
"Dew" is drops of water that form on the plants during the night. This can be made explicit in the translation. Alternate translation: "night mist from heaven to water your crops"
Having fertile land is spoken of as if the earth were fat or rich. Alternate translation: "good soil for producing crops"
If "grain" and "wine" are unknown, this can be stated more generally. Alternate translation: "plenty of food and drink"
Here these pronouns are singular and refer to Jacob. But the blessing also applies to Jacob's descendants.
Here "nations" refers to the people. Alternate translation: "people from all nations bow down"
This means to bend over to humbly express respect and honor toward someone.
"Become a master over your brothers"
Isaac is speaking this blessing directly to Jacob. But, it also applies to Jacob's descendants who will rule over the descendants of Esau and the descendants of any other of Jacob's brothers that he may have.
"your mother's sons will bow down to you"
This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "May God curse everyone who curses you"
This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "May God bless everyone who blesses you"
"had just left the tent of Isaac his father"
"tasty meat that I love." See how this was translated in Genesis 27:3.
Here "your son's" was a polite way of Esau referring to his own food he prepared.
The word "game" refers to wild animals that people hunt to eat. See how "game" was translated in Genesis 27:7.
This refers to the formal blessing a father pronounces on his children.
"said to Esau"
"Isaac began to shake"
Game refers to a wild animal that people hunt and kill. See how "game" was translated in Genesis 27:7.
Esau's anguish was similar to the taste of something bitter. Alternate translation: "he cried loudly"
This is a figure of speech meaning Jacob took what was Esau's. Alternate translation: "I have blessed him instead of you"
Esau uses a question to emphasize his anger at Jacob. Alternate translation: "Jacob is certainly the right name for my brother!"
Translators may also add a footnote that says: "The name Jacob means 'he grasps the heel.' In the original language the name 'Jacob' also sounds like the word for 'he deceives.'"
This speaks about a birthright as if it were an object that a person could take away. Alternate translation: "What was once my birthright is now his because he tricked me"
This speaks about a blessing as if it were an object that person could take away. Alternate translation: "now he has tricked you into blessing him instead of me"
Esau knows that his father cannot bless him with the same things that he blessed Jacob. Esau is asking if there is anything left to say to him that Isaac did not say while blessing Jacob.
Isaac uses a question to emphasize that there is nothing else he can do. Alternate translation: "There is nothing else I can do for you!"
This can be stated in positive form. "My father, do you have one more blessing for me"
"said to Esau"
"Pay attention, because what I am about to say is both true and important: the place"
This is a figure of speech referring to the earth's fertility. Alternate translation: "far from the fertile soil"
"Dew" is drops of water that form on the plants during the night. This can be made explicit in the translation. Alternate translation: "the night mist from the sky to water your crops"
In 27:39-40 these pronouns are singular and refer to Esau, but what Isaac says also applies to Esau's descendants
Here "sword" stands for violence. Alternate translation: "You will rob and kill people in order to get what you need to live"
This speaks about someone having a master as if the master's control over the person were a yoke that the person had to carry. Alternate translation: "you will free yourself from his control"
Esau believed that Jacob had wronged him, and so Esau did not want to forgive Jacob.
Here "heart" stands for Esau himself. Alternate translation: "Esau said to himself"
This refers to a number of days a person grieves when a family member dies.
This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "Someone told Rebekah about Esau's plan"
"Look" or "Listen" or "Pay attention to what I am about to tell you"
"is making himself feel better"
This does not mean "at this moment," but is used to draw attention to the important point that follows.
"leave here quickly and go to Laban"
"for a period of time"
"until you brother calms down"
No longer being angry is spoken of as if the anger turns to a different direction away from the person. Alternate translation: "until he is no longer angry with you"
Rebekah uses a question to emphasize her concern. Alternate translation: "I do not want to lose both of you in one day!"
It is implied that if Esau kills Jacob, then they will execute Esau as a murderer.
This is a polite way of referring to her sons dying.
Rebekah is exaggerating to emphasize how upset she is about the Hittite women that Esau married. Alternate translation: "I am terribly upset"
"these Hittite women" or "descendants of Heth"
The phrase "daughters of the land" means the local females. Alternate translation: "like these women who live in this land"
Rebekah uses a question to emphasize how upset she would be if Jacob marries a Hittite woman. Alternate translation: "My life will be awful!"
As Isaac grew old, he was no longer able to see.
Isaac asked Esau to go hunt and make the sort of food that he loved, so that he could eat it and bless Esau.
Isaac asked Esau to go hunt and make the sort of food that he loved, so that he could eat it and bless Esau.
Rebekah told Jacob to go get two goats and she would make the food that Isaac loved, so that Jacob could take it to Isaac and receive the blessing.
Rebekah told Jacob to go get two goats and she would make the food that Isaac loved, so that Jacob could take it to Isaac and receive the blessing.
Rebekah told Jacob to go get two goats and she would make the food that Isaac loved, so that Jacob could take it to Isaac and receive the blessing.
Jacob was concerned that Esau was a hairy man and he was a smooth man, and that Isaac would touch him and find out that Jacob was a deceiver and curse him.
Jacob was concerned that Esau was a hairy man and he was a smooth man, and that Isaac would touch him and find out that Jacob was a deceiver and curse him.
Rebekah put Esau's clothes on Jacob and put goatskins upon his hands and neck.
Rebekah put Esau's clothes on Jacob and put goatskins upon his hands and neck.
Jacob said that Yahweh, Isaac's God, had brought the game to him.
Isaac touched Jacob on the hands and felt the hairy goatskins.
Isaac touched Jacob on the hands and felt the hairy goatskins.
Jacob said, "I am".
When Jacob came near Isaac to kiss him, Isaac smelled Esau's clothes.
When Jacob came near Isaac to kiss him, Isaac smelled Esau's clothes.
Isaac said nations would bow down to Jacob and that Jacob's mother's sons would bow down to him.
Esau came in from hunting, prepared the food, and brought it to Isaac.
Esau came in from hunting, prepared the food, and brought it to Isaac.
Isaac said that Jacob had deceitfully taken away Esau's blessing.
Isaac said that Jacob had deceitfully taken away Esau's blessing.
Esau said that Jacob had cheated him from his birthright and from his blessing.
Isaac said that Esau would live away from the fatness of the earth, that he would serve his brother, but would eventually rebel against him and shake off Jacob's yoke.
Isaac said that Esau would live away from the fatness of the earth, that he would serve his brother, but would eventually rebel against him and shake off Jacob's yoke.
Esau decided to kill Jacob after Isaac's death.
Rebekah sent Jacob to Laban, her brother, in Haran.
Even though Jacob tricked his father in order to receive Esau's blessing, the chapter repeats the blessing, ensuring he inherits the blessings promised to Abraham. (See: bless and inherit and promise)
Jacob had a dream or received a vision. The purpose of this dream is to show that, despite Jacob's sin, God is giving Abraham's covenant promises to Jacob and his descendants. (See: sin and covenant and promise)
This was an important city for Abraham and his descendants. It is possible that there is some theological significance to the city of Bethel.
"Do not take"
"Go right away"
This was another name for the region of Mesopotamia, which about the same location as modern Iraq. See how this was translated in [Genesis 25:20]
This refers to a person's descendants or other relatives. Alternate translation: "family"
Bethuel was Rebekah's father. See how you translated this name in [Genesis 22:22]
"your grandfather"
"from the daughters"
"your uncle"
Isaac continues speaking to Jacob
The word "multiply" explains how God would make Jacob "fruitful." Alternate translation: "give you many children and descendants"
This speaks about blessing someone as if a blessing were an object that a person can give. The abstract noun "the blessing" can be stated as "bless." Alternate translation: "May God bless you and your descendants as he blessed Abraham" or "May God give to you and your descendants what he promised to Abraham"
God giving the land of Canaan to Jacob and his descendants is spoken of as if a child were inheriting money or possessions from his father.
"the land where you have been staying"
"which God promised to Abraham"
This was another name for the region of Mesopotamia, which about the same location as modern Iraq. See how this was translated in [Genesis 25:20]
Bethuel was Rebekah's father. See how you translated this name in [Genesis 22:22]
The story changes from Jacob to Esau
This word is used here to mark a change from the story to background information about Esau.
This was another name for the region of Mesopotamia, which about the same location as modern Iraq. See how this was translated in [Genesis 25:20]
"to take a wife for himself"
"Esau also saw that Isaac had blessed Jacob"
"Do not take"
"daughters of Canaan" or "Canaanite women"
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This continues the background information about Esau.
"Esau realized"
"his father Isaac did not approve of the women of Canaan"
"daughters of Canaan" or "the Canaanite women"
"Because of that, he went"
"in addition to the wives that he already had"
This is the name of one of Ishmael's daughters.
This is the name of one of Ishmael's sons.
The story switches back to Jacob
"He came to a certain place and, because the sun had set, he decided to stay for the night"
"Jacob had a dream"
"with the bottom of it touching the ground"
This refers to the place where God lives.
The word "behold" here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows.
Possible meanings are 1) "Yahweh was standing at the top of the stairway" or 2) "Yahweh was standing next to Jacob"
Here "father" means "ancestor." Alternate translation: "Abraham your ancestor" or "Abraham your forefather"
God continues to talk to Jacob in a dream.
God compares Jacob's descendants to the dust of the earth to emphasize their huge number. Alternate translation: "You will have more descendants than you can count"
The word "you" is singular and refers to Jacob. Here Jacob represents his descendants. Alternate translation: "your descendants will spread out to the west"
This means the people will extend the borders of their land and occupy more territory.
This phrases are used together to mean "all directions." Alternate translation: "in all directions"
This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "I will bless all families on the earth through you and your descendants"
"Pay attention, because what I am about to say is both true and important: I am"
"for I will not leave you until I have done all"
"I will keep you safe" or "I will protect you"
"I will bring you back to this land"
"woke up from his sleep"
The phrase "the gate of heaven" explains that this place is the entrance to "the house of God" and "the entrance to where God lives."
This speaks about the entrance to the place where God lives as if it were a literal kingdom that had a gate that someone has to open to let people in.
This is a memorial pillar, that is, simply a large stone or boulder set up on its end.
This action symbolizes that Jacob is dedicating the pillar to God. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: "poured oil on the top of it in order to dedicate the pillar to God"
Translators may also add a footnote that says "The name Bethel means 'house of God.'"
This is the name of a city.
Jacob begins to make a vow to Yahweh.
"made a vow" or "solemnly promised God"
Jacob is speaking to God in the third person. This can be stated in the second person. Alternate translation: "If you will ... clothes to wear"
This stands for Jacob's journey to find a wife and to return home. Alternate translation: "on this journey"
Here "bread" stands for food in general.
The vow that began with the words "If God will ... clothes to wear" in verse 20 continues here.
The vow that began with the words "If God will ... clothes to wear" in verse 20 continues here. Jacob is speaking to God in the third person. This can be stated in the second person. "If you will ... clothes to wear ... so that I return safely ... then you, Yahweh, will be the God that I will worship"
Here "house" stands for Jacob's family. Alternate translation: "to my father and the rest of my family"
This means that the stone will mark the place where God appeared to him and it will be a place where people can worship God. Alternate translation: "God's house" or "God's place"
Isaac commanded Jacob not to take a Canaanite wife.
Isaac told Jacob to get a wife from the daughters of Laban, Rebekah's brother.
Isaac asked God to give Jacob the blessing of Abraham.
Esau took a wife from the daughters of Ishmael, Abraham's son.
Esau took a wife from the daughters of Ishmael, Abraham's son.
Jacob saw a ladder from earth to heaven with angels ascending and descending on it, and Yahweh standing above it.
Jacob saw a ladder from earth to heaven with angels ascending and descending on it, and Yahweh standing above it.
Yahweh said that the land Jacob was lying on would be given to him and his descendants.
Yahweh gave Jacob the blessing of Abraham.
Jacob said the place was the house of God and the gate of heaven.
Jacob named the place Beth-el.
Jacob said that Yahweh must be with him and protect him on his journey so that he returned safely to his father's house.
Jacob said that Yahweh must be with him and protect him on his journey so that he returned safely to his father's house.
Jacob promised to give back to Yahweh a tenth of everything Yahweh gave Jacob.
This chapter records the conflict between Jacob's wives, Rachel and Leah. This account continues into the next chapter.
Although the exact reasoning for the shepherds' unwillingness to give water to the sheep is unknown, it is probable they were being lazy. The actions of these shepherds contrast Jacob's actions.
It was common in the ancient Near East for relatives to greet each other with a kiss. There was nothing sexual about this type of kissing.
It was customary in the ancient Near East for a man to work for a woman's father in order to earn the right to marry her. It is unknown how common it was for a father to have his younger daughter marry before an older daughter. It was also sinful for Jacob to marry more than one wife. (See: sin)
This means the people of Paddan Aram, which is a land east of the land of Canaan.
The word "behold" marks the beginning of another event in the larger story. Your language may have a way of doing this.
"For from that well." This phrase marks a change from the story to background information about how the shepherds watered the flocks.
"the shepherds would water" or "those taking care of the sheep would water"
Here "mouth" is a way of referring to an opening. Alternate translation: "the opening of the well"
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"Jacob said to the shepherds"
This is a polite way to greet a stranger.
Here "son" refers to a male descendant. Another possible meaning is "Laban the grandson of Nahor."
"Now look! Rachel his daughter is coming with the sheep"
"the sun is still high in the sky" or "the sun is still shining brightly"
This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "for you to gather the flocks"
This means to gather them together inside a fence for them to stay for the night. The full meaning of this can be made explicit.
"let them eat grass in the field"
"We have to wait to water them." This has to do with timing, not permission.
This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "until the other shepherds gather their flocks"
Here "mouth" is way of referring to an opening. Alternate translation: "from the well" or "from the opening of the well"
"then we will water the sheep"
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"his uncle"
Here "mouth" is a way of referring to an opening. Alternate translation: "the well" or "the opening of the well"
In ancient Near East, it is common to greet a relative with a kiss. However, it is normally done between men. If your language has an affectionate greeting for a relative, use that. If not, use what is appropriate.
Jacob weeps because he is so happy. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit.
"related to her father"
"his nephew"
"hugged him"
In ancient Near East, it is common to greet a relative with a kiss. However, it is normally done between men. If your language has an affectionate greeting for a relative, use that. If not, use what is appropriate.
"then Jacob told Laban everything he told Rachel"
This phrase means they are directly related. Alternate translation: "my relative" or "a member of my family"
Laban uses a question to emphasize that he should pay Jacob for working for him. The question can be translated as a statement. This can also be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: "It is certainly right that I should pay you for working for me even though you are my relative."
The word "now" is used here to mark a change from the story to background information about Laban and his daughters.
Possible meanings are 1) "Leah's eyes were pretty" or 2) "Leah's eyes were plain"
Here the word "loved" refers to a romantic attraction between a man and a woman.
"rather than give her to another man"
"but the time seemed to him to be only a few days"
"on account of the love he had for her" or "because of his love for her"
The phrase "my days" refers to the seven years Jacob had to work for Laban. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "for my days of working for you have been completed" or "For I have completed the length of time that I was to work for you"
This is a polite way of referring to having sexual relations with her. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Genesis 16:2]
"prepared a wedding feast." Most likely Laban had others prepare the feast. Alternate translation: "had others prepare a wedding feast"
This is a polite way of saying that he had sexual relations with her. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Genesis 16:2]
Here the author gives background information about Laban giving Zilpah to Leah. Most likely he gave Zilpah to Leah before the wedding.
This is the name of Leah's female servant.
"Jacob was surprised to see it was Leah in bed with him." The word "behold" here shows that Jacob was surprised by what he saw.
Jacob uses a question to express his anger and surprise. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: "I cannot believe you did this to me!"
Jacob uses these questions to express his hurt that Laban had tricked him. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: "I served you for seven years to marry Rachel!"
"In our family we do not give"
"Finish celebrating Leah's bridal week"
The full meaning can be made explicit. Alternate translation: "next week we will give you Rachel also"
"And Jacob did what Laban asked, and finished celebrating Leah's bridal week"
This is the name of Rachel's female servant.
This is a polite way of saying that he had sexual relations with her. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Genesis 16:2]
This refers to the romantic love between a man and a woman.
This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "Jacob did not love Leah"
This is an exaggeration to emphasize that Jacob loved Rachel more than Leah. Alternate translation: "loved less than Rachel"
God causing Leah to be able to become pregnant is spoken of as if God is opening her womb.
"was not able to become pregnant"
"Leah became pregnant and gave birth to a son"
Translators may also add a footnote that says: "The name Reuben means 'See, a son.'"
Leah was experiencing emotional pain because Jacob had rejected her. The abstract noun "affliction" can be stated as a verb. Alternate translation: "Yahweh saw that I was suffering"
"Then Leah became pregnant"
"gave birth to a son"
This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "Yahweh has heard that my husband does not love me"
Translators may also add a footnote that says "The name Simeon means 'heard.'"
"my husband will embrace me"
"I have given birth to three sons for him"
Translators may also add a footnote that says "The name Levi means 'attached.'"
"Leah became pregnant again"
"gave birth to a son"
Translators may also add a footnote that says "The name Judah means 'praise.'"
The men were from Haran.
Rachel, daughter of Laban, also came to the well with a flock of sheep.
Jacob rolled the stone from the well's mouth and watered the sheep.
Jacob told Rachel that he was her father's relative, and then Rachel ran and told her father.
Laban ran to meet Jacob, embraced him, kissed him, and brought him to his house.
Leah was the older daughter and she had tender eyes, while Rachel was the younger and was beautiful in form and appearance.
Leah was the older daughter and she had tender eyes, while Rachel was the younger and was beautiful in form and appearance.
They agreed that Jacob would serve Laban seven years in return for Rachel.
The seven years of labor seemed only like a few days because of the love Jacob had for Rachel.
Laban gave Leah to Jacob, instead of Rachel, the night of the wedding.
Laban gave Leah to Jacob, instead of Rachel, the night of the wedding.
Laban gave his female servant Zilpah to his daughter Leah, to be her servant.
Laban gave Leah to Jacob, instead of Rachel, the night of the wedding.
Laban said it was not their custom to give the younger daughter in marriage before the first-born.
They agreed that Jacob would serve Laban seven more years in return for Rachel.
Laban gave Bilhah to his daughter Rachel, to be her servant.
Yahweh caused Leah to become pregnant, but Rachel was childless.
Leah hoped that Jacob would love her if she bore sons for him.
The name of Leah's first son was Reuben.
After she bore Judah Leah said, "This time I will praise Yahweh."
This chapter continues the story of the conflict between Rachel and Leah.
In the ancient Near East, it was important for a married woman to have many children. If a woman did not have many children, people believed it brought shame upon her. This is one of the reasons why Rachel and Leah were always jealous of each other. (See: jealous)
Speckled and spotted sheep were considered to be imperfect. Therefore, they were considered to be much less valuable than the spotless sheep. Despite Jacob's fair offer, Laban once again tried to cheat him out of something he deserved. Jacob anticipated Laban's cheating.
"When Rachel realized that she was unable to become preganant"
Rachel is exaggerating to show how upset she is about not having children. Alternate translation: "I will feel completely worthless"
"Cause me to become pregnant"
Jacob's anger is spoken of as if it were a fire. Alternate translation: "Jacob was very angry with Rachel"
This is a rhetorical question that Jacob uses to scold Rachel. It can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: "I am not God! I am not the one who is preventing you from having children!"
"Rachel said"
"Look" or "Listen" or "Pay attention to what I am about to tell you"
At that time, this was an acceptable way for a barren woman to have children that would legally belong to her. The full meaning of this may be made explicit.
This is the name of Rachel's female servant. See how you translated this name in Genesis 29:29.
This is a polite way of asking him to have sexual relations with her servant. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Genesis 16:2]
This is a way of saying that the child that Bilhah gives birth to will belong to Rachel. Alternate translation: "for me"
"and in this way she will cause me to have children"
This is a polite way of saying that he had sexual relations with Bilhah. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Genesis 16:2]
This is the name of Rachel's female servant. See how you translated this name in Genesis 29:29.
"gave birth to a son for Jacob"
"Rachel gave him the name"
Translators may also add a footnote that says "The name Dan means 'he judged.'"
"Bilhah ... became pregnant again"
"gave birth to a second son for Jacob"
The phrase "wrestlings have I wrestled" is an idiom used for emphasis. It is also a metaphor that speaks of Rachel's attempts to have a child like her sister as if she were having a physical fight with Leah. Alternate translation: "I have had a great struggle to have children like my older sister, Leah"
"I have won" or "I have succeeded"
Translators may also add a footnote that says "The name Naphtali means 'my struggle.'"
"When Leah became aware that"
"she gave Zilpah, her servant, to Jacob as a wife"
This is the name of Leah's female servant. See how you translated this in Genesis 29:24.
"gave birth to a son for Jacob"
"How fortunate!" or "What good luck!"
Translators may also add a footnote that says "The name Gad means 'fortunate.'"
This is the name of Leah's female servant. See how you translated this name in [Genesis 29:24]
"gave birth to a second son for Jacob"
"How blessed I am!" or "How happy I am!"
"the women" or "the young women"
Translators may also add a footnote that says "The name Asher means 'happy.'"
"Reuben went out"
Here the phrase "in the days of" is an idiom that refers to the season or time of year. Alternate translation: "at the time of year of the wheat harvest" or "during the wheat harvest"
This is a fruit that was said to increase fertility and the desire to sleep with one's lover. Alternate translation: "love fruit"
"Do you not care ... my husband?" This is a rhetorical question used to scold Rachel. This question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: "It is bad enough ... my husband."
This is a rhetorical question, used to scold Rachel. This question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: "Now you want ... too!"
Here "lie with" is a euphemism. Alternate translation: "Then Jacob will have sexual relations with you"
Here "come to" is a euphemism for sexual relations. Alternate translation: "You must have sexual intercourse with me"
"for the price of my son's mandrakes." See how you translated "mandrake" in Genesis 30:14.
Here "lay with" is a euphemism. Alternate translation: "Jacob had sexual relations with Leah"
"She became pregnant"
"gave birth to a fifth son for Jacob"
God rewarding Leah is spoken of as if he were a boss paying wages to someone who works for him. Alternate translation: "God has given my due" or "God has rewarded me"
Translators may also add a footnote that says: "The name Issachar means 'there is a reward.'"
"Leah became pregnant again"
"gave birth to a sixth son for Jacob"
Translators may also add a footnote that says: "The name Zebulun means 'honor.'"
This is the name of Leah's daughter.
The phrase "call to mind" means to remember. This does not mean God forgot about Rachel. It means he considered her request. Alternate translation: "God considered Rachel and granted to her what she wanted"
God causing Rachel to no longer feel ashamed is spoken of as if "shame" were an object that person could take away from someone else. The abstract noun "shame" can be stated as "ashamed." Alternate translation: "God has caused me to no longer feel ashamed"
Translators may also add a footnote that says: "The name Joseph means 'may he add.'"
Rachel's first sons were through her female servant Bilhah.
"After Rachel gave birth to Joseph"
"so I can go"
Jacob is reminding Laban of their contract
"Laban said to Jacob"
The eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. Alternate translation: "If I have found favor with you" or "If you are pleased with me"
This is an idiom that means that someone is approved of by someone else.
"please stay, because"
"I have discovered by my own spiritual and magical practices"
"because of you"
This can be made more explicit. Alternate translation: "Tell me how much I have to pay to keep you here"
"Jacob said to Laban"
"how well your livestock have done since I started taking care of them"
"your herds were small before I worked for you"
"but now your wealth has greatly increased"
"Now when will I take care of my own family?" Jacob uses a question to emphasize that he wants to start providing for his own family. This question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: "Now I want to take care of my family!"
"What can I pay you" or "What can I give you." This can be made more explicit. Alternate translation: "What can I pay you so that you stay and work for me"
The connecting word "But" can be used at the beginning to show that what Jacob is about to say contrasts with what he just said. Alternate translation: "But if you will do this thing for me"
The phrase "this thing" refers to what Jacob will propose in verse 32.
"feed and take care of your flock"
"and remove every sheep with spots, every black sheep, and every goat with spots"
"This will be the cost of keeping me here"
The word "integrity" means "honesty." This speaks about integrity as if it were a person who could testify for or against another person. Alternate translation: "And later you will know if I have been honest with you or not"
This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "If you find any goats without spots or any sheep that are not black, you can consider them stolen"
"Let it be as you say" or "We will do what you have said"
"that had stripes and spots"
"that had spots"
"every goat that had some white in it"
"all the black sheep"
Here "hand" stands for control or care. Alternate translation: "had his sons take care of them"
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These are all trees with white wood.
"he peeled off pieces of bark so that the white wood underneath would show"
long open containers for holding water for animals to drink
"The animals of the flocks conceived" or "The animals mated"
"gave birth to babies with stripes and spots"
It can be made explicit that this happened over several years. Alternate translation: "During the several years following, Jacob separated"
"look toward"
"he set his flocks apart"
Here the flock's "eyes" represent the sheep and emphasize what they see. Alternate translation: "so that the flock could see them"
"in front of the sticks"
"the weaker animals"
"So the weaker offspring belonged to Laban, while the stronger offspring belonged to Jacob." You can make this even more explicit. Alternate translation: "So the weaker offspring did not have stripes or spots and so belonged to Laban, while the stronger offspring did have stripes or spots and so belonged to Jacob"
"Jacob"
"greatly prospered" or "became very wealthy"
According to Jacob, God had kept Rachel from having children.
Rachel gave Jacob Bilhah her servant so she could have children on Rachel's behalf.
Rachel said that she had prevailed because Bilhah her servant bore two sons for Jacob.
Rachel said that she had prevailed because Bilhah her servant bore two sons for Jacob.
Leah gave Jacob Zilpah her servant so she could have children on Leah's behalf.
Leah said, "This is fortunate." because Zilpah her servant bore Jacob a son.
Leah said, "This is fortunate." because Zilpah her servant bore Jacob a son.
In exchange for Reuben's mandrakes, Rachel offered to let Leah sleep with Jacob that night
In exchange for Reuben's mandrakes, Rachel offered to let Leah sleep with Jacob that night
Leah bore six sons for Jacob.
When Rachel bore a son for Jacob, she said that her shame had been taken away.
Jacob requested that Laban let Jacob go with his family back to his own home and country.
Jacob requested that Laban let Jacob go with his family back to his own home and country.
Laban had divined that Yahweh had blessed him for Jacob's sake.
Jacob took the speckled, spotted, and black sheep, and the speckled and spotted goats from Laban's flock that he tended.
Laban first removed the animals that Jacob would have taken, before he gave the flock to Jacob to tend.
Laban first removed the animals that Jacob would have taken, before he gave the flock to Jacob to tend.
Jacob peeled white streaks into branches of fresh poplar, almond, and plane trees.
Jacob put the sticks that he had peeled in front of the flocks, in front of the watering troughs where they came to drink.
When the flocks bred in front of the sticks they produced striped, speckled, and spotted young.
The result was that Laban's flock was feebler, and Jacob's flock was stronger.
When Jacob left Paddam Aram, he left very wealthy. Despite his punishment of exile from Canaan, God still blessed Jacob and his family. (See: bless)
Although a few scholars believe the possession of the household gods was a sign of inheritance, this seems unlikely. It is probable that Rachel believed these idols would bring them "good luck" and would bring them great blessing. This was sinful because they were to trust in Yahweh, who already promised to bless them. (See: god and inherit and sin)
Laban's sons complained that Jacob cheated them out of their father's possessions. It was their father who tried to cheat Jacob out of what he promised to give Jacob. Jacob treated his brother Esau in the same way. Jacob cheated Esau out of their father's blessing.
This word is used here to mark a stop in the main story. Here the author starts to tell a new part of the story.
"Jacob heard that Laban's sons were saying"
Laban's sons were exaggerating because they were angry. Alternate translation: "Everything that Jacob has taken belonged to our father"
These two sentences mean basically the same thing. The second explains the look that Jacob saw on Laban's face. Alternate translation: "Jacob noticed that Laban was no longer pleased with him"
"your father Isaac and your grandfather Abraham"
"Jacob sent for Rachel and Leah and told them to meet him out in the field with the flocks"
You can start a new sentence here. Alternate translation: "He said to them"
"I have noticed your father is no longer pleased with me"
The word "you" here refers to both Rachel and Leah. It also adds emphasis. Alternate translation: "You yourselves know that I have served your father with all my strength"
"has lied to me" or "has not treated me fairly"
"what he said he would pay me"
Possible meanings are 1) physical harm or 2) to cause Jacob to suffer in any way.
"The animals with spots"
"the flock gave birth to"
"The animals with stripes"
"This is how God gave your father's animals to me"
Jacob continues his story to his wives Leah and Rachel.
"During the breeding season"
Here "flock" represents only the female goats. Alternate translation: "mating with the female goats of the flock"
"had stripes, little spots, and big spots"
Possible meanings are 1) God himself appeared as a man or 2) one of God's messengers appeared. Since the phrase is not well understood, it is best to simply translate it as "the angel of God," using the normal word that you use for "angel."
"And I answered"
"Yes, I am listening" or "Yes, what is it?" See how you translated this in Genesis 22:1.
The angel of the Lord continues to talk to Jacob (Genesis 31:10).
This is a way of saying "Look up."
Here "flock" stands for only the female goats. Alternate translation: "that are breeding with the female goats of the flock"
"have stripes and spots"
Jacob poured oil on the pillar to dedicate it to God.
"the land where you were born"
This does not mean they talked at the same time. It emphasizes they agreed with each other.
Rachel and Leah use a question to emphasize that there is nothing left for their father to give. Alternate translation: "There is absolutely nothing left for us to inherit from our father!"
They use a question to show their anger about how their father treats them. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "Our father treats us like a foreign women instead of daughters!"
This can be made more explicit. Alternate translation: "He has sold us for his own gain"
Laban completely using up the money that he should have given to his daughters is spoken of as if he were a wild beast that ate the money as if it were food. Alternate translation: "he completely used up our money"
"belongs to us and to our children"
Here "Now" does not mean "at this moment," but is used to draw attention to the important point that follows.
"do all that God has told you"
Jacob took all of his children. It only mentions the sons because they are important as his heirs. Alternate translation: "his children"
"He drove all his cattle." Here "livestock" is referring to all his domesticate animals.
"and the other herd of cattle which he took ownership of when he was in Paddan Aram"
"He went to the land of Canaan, where his father Isaac lived"
"When Laban had left to cut the wool off of the sheep in his flock"
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This refers to the Euphrates River.
"traveled toward"
"the mountains of Gilead" or "Mount Gilead"
It was Jewish custom to count the day of departure as day one. Alternate translation: "Two days after they had left"
This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "someone told Laban"
Only Jacob is mentioned because he is the leader of the family. It can be made explicit that his family went with him. Alternate translation: "that Jacob had fled with his wives and children"
"So Laban took"
"chased after Jacob"
Laban spent seven days walking to catch up to Jacob.
"He caught up to him"
The word "now" is used here to mark a change from the story to background information about Laban. Alternate translation: "That night God came to Laban in a dream"
The phrase "good nor bad" are used together to mean "anything." Alternate translation: "Do not say anything to try and stop Jacob from leaving"
The word "now" is used here to mark a change from the story to background information about Jacob and Laban. Alternate translation: "When Laban caught up with Jacob, Jacob had set up camp in the hill country. Then Laban and his relatives also camped in the hill country of Gilead"
Laban speaks about Jacob taking his family with him back to the land of Canaan as if Jacob took them as prisoners after a battle and is forcing them to go with him. Laban is exaggerating because he is angry and is trying to make Jacob feel guilty for what he did.
"run away in secret"
"with joy"
These instruments stand for music. Alternate translation: "and with music"
a musical instrument with a head like a drum that can be hit and with pieces of metal around the side that sound when the instrument is shaken
Here "grandsons" would include all grandchildren whether male or female. Alternate translation: "to kiss my grandchildren"
This does not mean "at this moment," but is used to draw attention to the important point that follows.
The word "you" is plural and refers to everyone with Jacob. Alternate translation: "I have enough people with me to harm all of you"
The words "good nor bad" are used together to mean "anything." See how you translated this in [Genesis 31:24]
This "you" is singular and refers to Jacob.
Here "house" stands for family. Alternate translation: "to be home with your father and the rest of your family"
"my idols"
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This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: "We will kill whoever has stolen your gods"
The word "our" refers to Jacob's relatives and includes Laban's relatives. All the relatives will watch to make sure everything is fair and honest.
"look for whatever we have that is yours and take it"
This changes from the story to background information about Jacob.
This refers to Zilpah and Bilhah.
"he did not find his idols"
The word "now" is used here to mark a change from the story to background information about Rachel.
a seat placed on the back of an animal so a person can ride on it
Calling someone "my master" is a way of honoring them.
"because I am unable to stand up in your presence"
This refers to the time of the month when a woman bleeds from her womb.
"Jacob said to Laban"
The phrases "What is my offense" and "What is my sin" mean basically the same thing. Jacob is asking Laban to tell him what he did wrong. Alternate translation: "What have I done wrong that you should pursue me like this?"
Here the word "hotly" means Laban urgently chased Jacob intending to capture him.
"What have you found that belongs to you?"
Here the word "our" refers to Jacob's relatives and includes Laban's relatives. Alternate translation: "Lay anything you have found in front of our relatives"
Here "two of us" refers to Jacob and Laban. The phrase "to judge between" means to decide which person is right in a dispute. Alternate translation: "they may judge between the two of us"
Jacob continues to speak to Laban.
"20 years"
female sheep
This means they have not had a pregnancy end early and unexpectedly with the lamb or kid born dead.
This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "I did not bring to you any of your animals that a wild beast tore apart" or "When a wild animal killed any of your animals I did not bring it to you"
For Jacob to count Laban's dead animals as a loss from his own flock is spoken of as if it was a burden he would bear on his shoulders. Alternate translation: "Instead of counting it a loss from your flock, I counted it as a loss from my flock"
It can be made explicit what Jacob had to pay for. Alternate translation "You demanded that I pay you for any animal of yours that was missing"
"whether it was taken during the day or at night". Possble meanings are 1) "whether someone stole it during the day or at night" or 2) "whether an animal took it during the day or night."
Suffering in the hot and cold temperatures is spoken of as if the temperatures were animals that were eating Jacob. Alternate translation: "I stayed with your flocks even during hottest part of the day and the coldest part of the night"
Jacob continues to speak to Laban.
"These last 20 years"
"14 years"
"changed what he said he would pay me ten times." See how you translated "my wages" in Genesis 31:7.
Jacob is referring to the same God not to three different gods. Alternate translation: "If the God of Abraham and Isaac, my father, had not been with me"
Here the word "father" refers to his parent, Isaac.
Here the word "fears" refers to the "fear of Yahweh," which means to deeply respect him and show that respect by obeying him.
This stands for having nothing. Alternate translation: "with absolutely nothing"
The abstract noun "affliction" can be stated as "afflicted." Alternate translation: "God has seen how hard I worked and how you afflicted me"
Laban uses a question to emphasize that there is nothing he can do. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: "But, there is nothing I can do to bring my daughters and grandchildren back with me."
Here the word "witness" does not refer to a person, but it is used figuratively and refers to the covenant that Jacob and Laban are making. The covenant is spoken of as if it were a person who is there when they agree to act peacefully to one another.
This means that a large stone was simply set up on its end to mark the place where this important event happened.
"stacked them on top of each other"
Eating a meal together was a part of making the covenant with one another. The full meaning of this may be made explicit.
Translators may add a footnote that says: "The name Jegar Sahadutha means 'heap of witness' in Laban's language."
Translators may add a footnote that says: "The name Galeed means 'heap of witness' in Jacob's language.
The stones do not actually bear witness as a person. Alternate translation: "This pile will be a reminder between me and you"
Translators may add a footnote that says: "The name Galeed means 'heap of witness' in Jacob's language. See how you translated this in [Genesis 31:47]
Translators may add a footnote that says: "The name Mizpah means 'watchtower.'"
Here "out of sight" stands for no longer being in each other's presence. Alternate translation: "when we are no longer with each other"
Here "us" refers to Laban and Jacob. Alternate translation: "even if no one else is there to see us"
"look" or "remember" or "pay attention to what i am about to tell you"
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These piles of stones were to act as a remembrance and a boundary marker for Jacob and Laban regarding their peace agreement. They are spoken of as if they are human witnesses.
Abraham is Jacob's grandfather. Nahor is Laban's grandfather. The father of Abraham and Nahor is Terah. Not all of them worshipped Yahweh.
Here the word "Fear" refers to Yahweh, who Isaac deeply respected and showed that respect by obeying him.
Eating a meal together was part of making the covenant with one another. The full meaning of this may be made explicit.
Verse 55 is the first verse of chapter 32 in the original Hebrew text, but the last verse of chapter 31 in most modern Bibles. We suggest that you follow the numbering of Bibles in your national language.
This means expressing a desire for positive and beneficial things to happen to someone.
Laban and his sons believed that Jacob had gotten all his wealth from Laban's possessions.
Laban and his sons believed that Jacob had gotten all his wealth from Laban's possessions.
Yahweh instructed Jacob to return to the land of his fathers and to his relatives.
God had caused the animals to bear speckled, and striped young which were Jacob's wages.
God had caused the animals to bear speckled, and striped young which were Jacob's wages.
Rachel and Leah said that Laban treated them as foreigners and had devoured their money.
Rachel and Leah said that Laban treated them as foreigners and had devoured their money.
Rachel stole her father's household gods.
Jacob deceived Laban by not telling Laban that he was leaving.
Laban took his relatives with him and pursued Jacob, overtaking him after seven days.
Laban took his relatives with him and pursued Jacob, overtaking him after seven days.
God told Laban to speak neither good or bad to Jacob.
Jacob said that he fled secretly because he was afraid that Laban would take his daughters from him by force.
Jacob said that whoever stole Laban's household gods would not continue to live.
Laban did not find his household gods because Rachel sat on them and then said that she could not stand up since she was having her period.
Laban did not find his household gods because Rachel sat on them and then said that she could not stand up since she was having her period.
Jacob had worked for Laban twenty years, and Laban had changed his wages ten times.
Laban said that all that he saw of Jacob's possessions was his.
Jacob and Laban marked the place of their covenant by making a pile of stones there.
God was declared as witness between Jacob and Laban to ensure the covenant would be kept.
God was declared as witness between Jacob and Laban to ensure the covenant would be kept.
The pile and pillar were both witnesses to the covenant which said neither Laban nor Jacob would pass the pile or pillar to do one another harm.
Jacob and Laban each agreed to not pass beyond the pile of stones to do the other harm.
The pile and pillar were both witnesses to the covenant which said neither Laban nor Jacob would pass the pile or pillar to do one another harm.
To show that he agreed with Laban about the covenant Jacob swore by God, who his father Isaac feared.
Laban rose, kissed his grandsons and daughters, blessed them, and returned home.
Jacob does not trust in Yahweh. Instead, he fears that his brother Esau could kill him and his family. He should have known that Yahweh would continue to bless him and protect his family. He should have trusted in Yahweh's covenant faithfulness. (See: bless and trust and covenant faithfulness)
In Scripture, a change in name always occurs at a highly significant point in a person's life. The return of Jacob to Canaan was a significant event in the history of the Hebrew people.
Scholars are divided over the identity of the person Jacob wrestled with. It was probably an angel, but some believe he wrestled with Jesus before he came to earth. The translator will probably have difficulty trying to keep ambiguity in identifying this individual because the word "man" usually indicates a normal, living person.
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Translators may also add a footnote that says "The name Mahanaim means 'two camps.'"
This is a mountainous area in the region of Edom.
This has a quotation within a quotation. The direct quotation can be stated as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: "'This is what I want you to tell my master Esau. Tell him that I have been ... have delayed my return until now.'"
Jacob is using polite language and refers to his brother as "my master."
Jacob is using polite language and refers to himself as "your servant."
This continues the quotation within a quotation that begins with the words "I have been" in verse 4. The direct quotation can be stated as an indirect quotation. "This is what I want you to tell my master Esau. Tell him that I have been ... Tell him that I have cattle ... in his eyes."
When a person finds favor in the eyes of another, the second person approves of the first person. Here "eyes" are a metonym for the person seeing something, and seeing a person is a metaphor for deciding whether what that person sees is good or bad. Alternate translation: "that you may approve of me"
"400 men"
This refers to the unpleasant feeling a person has when there is a threat of harm to himself or others.
distressed, troubled
Here "camp" refers to the people. Alternate translation: "to attack the people in one camp, then the people in the other camp will escape"
This does not refer to different gods, but to the one God they all worship. Alternate translation: "Yahweh, who is God of my grandfather Abraham and my father Isaac"
This is a quotation within a quotation. It can be stated an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: "Yahweh, you who said that I should return to my country and to my kindred, and that you would prosper me,"
"to your family"
"I will do good for you" or "I will treat you well"
The abstract nouns "faithfulness" and "trustworthiness" can be stated as "faithful" and "loyal." Alternate translation: "I do not deserve for you to remain faithful to your covenant or for you to be loyal to me, your servant"
This is a polite way of saying "me."
Here the phrase "I have become" is an idiom meaning what he now possesses. Alternate translation: "and now I have enough people, flocks, and possessions with me to make two camps"
"save me"
Here the word "hand" refers to power. The two phrases mean basically the same thing. The second clarifies that the brother whom Jacob intended was Esau. Alternate translation: "from the power of my brother, Esau" or "from my brother, Esau"
"I am afraid that he will"
This is a quotation within a quotation. It can be stated an an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: "But you said that you would certainly prosper me, and that you would make my descendants ... number"
"do good to you" or "treat you well"
This speaks about the very large number of Jacob's descendants as if their number will be like the grains of sand on the seashore.
This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "which no one can count because of their number"
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"200"
"20"
"30 ... 40 ... 10"
"their young"
Here "into the hand" means to give control over them. Alternate translation: "He divided them into small herds, and gave each of his servants control over one herd"
"let each herd travel at a distance from the other herds"
"He commanded"
This is a quotation within a quotation. It can be stated as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: "asks you who your master is, where you are going, and who owns these animals that are ahead of you"
"Who is your master?"
"Who owns these animals that are in front of you?"
This is a quotation within a quotation. It can be stated as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: "Then I want you to tell him that all of these things belong to Jacob, his servant, and he his giving them to his master, Esau. And tell him that Jacob is on the way to meet him"
Jacob is referring to himself in a polite way as Esau's servant.
Jacob is referring to Esau is a polite way as his master.
Here "us" refers to the servant speaking and the other servants bringing herds to Esau.
"commanded the second group"
Possible meanings are 1) "You will say also, 'Your servant Jacob'" or 2) "You will say, 'Also, Your servant Jacob.'"
"I will calm him down" or "I will make his anger go away"
"he will welcome me kindly"
Here "gifts" stands for the servants taking the gifts.
Here "himself" emphasizes that Jacob did not go with the servants.
"his two servant wives." This means Zilpah and Bilhah.
a shallow place in a river that is easy to cross
This is the name of a river.
"all that he had"
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This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "he struck Jacob's hip and dislocated it" or "he struck Jacob's hip and injured it"
Possible meanings are that 1) the top of Jacob's leg bone moved out of the hole in the hip where it normally is, or 2) a muscle or something that attaches the top of the leg to the hip was torn.
"the sun will rise soon"
Here "bless" means to pronounce a formal blessing on someone and to cause good things to happen to that person.
This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: "I will let you go only if you bless me" or "Absolutely not! You must bless me first, then I will let you go"
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Translators may add a footnote that says "The name Israel means 'He struggles with God.'"
Here "men" means "people" in general.
"He said, 'Why would you ask about my name?'" This rhetorical question was meant to shock, rebuke and cause Jacob to ponder over what just happened between him and the other man he just wrestled with. Alternate translation: "Do not ask me for my name!"
Translators may add a footnote that says: "The name Peniel means 'the face of God.'"
Being "face to face" means that two people are seeing each other in person, at a close distance.
This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "yet he spared my life"
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This marks a change from the story to background information about the descendants of Israel.
This means to the day that the author was writing this.
This refers to the muscle that connects the thigh bone to the thigh socket.
"thigh socket"
"while striking"
Jacob sent a message to his brother Esau on his way toward Canaan.
Jacob desired to find favor in Esau's sight.
Jacob was afraid, so he divided his people into two groups so that if Esau attacked one group, the other could escape.
Jacob was afraid, so he divided his people into two groups so that if Esau attacked one group, the other could escape.
Jacob asked Yahweh to deliver him from the hand of Esau.
Jacob reminded Yahweh that he had promised to prosper Jacob, and to make his descendants like the sand of the sea.
Jacob thought that perhaps he could appease Esau with the gifts that he sent to Esau so that later, when Jacob saw him, Esau would receive him.
He took his wives, servant women, and children across the ford of the Jabbok.
Jacob wrestled with a man until daybreak.
The man struck Jacob's hip and dislocated it.
Jacob demanded that the man bless him.
The man said that Jacob's name would now be Israel.
Jacob said he had seen God face to face that night.
Jacob limped because of his hip after that night.
Jacob feared his brother. He showed Esau great respect and sought to protect his family from Esau's power. He did not fear and trust Yahweh. (See: fear and trust)
Jacob showed favoritism towards Rachel and Joseph. He arranged the family according to those he loved the most. Rachel and Joseph were the most protected from a potential attack by Esau. He would have rather had everyone else die, in order to spare their lives.
The word "behold" here alerts us to pay attention to a surprising new part of the story.
"400 men"
This does not mean Jacob divided the children evenly so that each woman had the same amount of children with her. Jacob divided the children so that each one went with his or her mother.
"servant wives." This refers to Bilhah and Zilpah.
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Here "himself" emphasizes that Jacob went alone in front of the others.
Here the word "bow" means to bend over to humbly express respect and honor toward someone.
"meet Jacob"
This can be translated as a new sentence. Alternate translation: "Esau put his arms around Jacob, hugged him, and kissed him"
This can be translated more explicitly. Alternate translation: "Then Esau and Jacob cried because they were happy to see each other again"
"he saw the women and children who were with Jacob"
The phrase "your servant" is a polite way for Jacob to refer to himself. Alternate translation: "These are the children God has kindly given me, your servant"
"servant wives." This refers to Bilhah and Zilpah.
This is a sign of humility and respect before another person.
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The phrase "all these groups" refers to the groups of servants that Jacob sent to give gifts to Esau. Alternate translation: "Why did you send all of those different groups to meet me?"
The phrase "find favor" is an idiom which means to be approved of by someone. Also, sight represents judgment or evaluation. Alternate translation: "So that you, my master, would be pleased with me"
The phrase "my master" is a polite way of referring to Esau.
The word "animals" or "property" is understood. Alternate translation: "I have enough animals" or "I have enough property"
The phrase "found favor" is an idiom which means to be approved of by someone. Here "eyes" are a metonym for sight, and sight is a metaphor representing his evaluation. Alternate translation: "if you are pleased with me"
Here "hand" refers to Jacob. Alternate translation: "this gift that I am giving to you"
This can be translated as a new sentence: "my hand. For certainly"
The meaning of this simile is unclear. Possible meanings are 1) Jacob is happy that Esau has forgiven him like God has forgiven him or 2) Jacob is amazed to see his brother again like he was amazed to see God or 3) Jacob is humbled to be in Esau's presence like he was humbled to be in God's presence.
Here "face" stands for Esau. It may be best to translate as "face" because of the importance of the word "face" here with "face of God" and "face to face" in Genesis 32:30.
This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "that my servants brought to you"
"God has treated me very well" or "God has blessed me very much"
It was customary to refuse a gift first, but then to accept the gift before the giver was offended.
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This is a polite and formal way of referring to Esau. Alternate translation: "You, my master, know"
The meaning can be stated more explicitly. Alternate translation: "the children are too young to travel fast"
This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "If we force them to go too fast even for one day"
This is a polite and formal way of Jacob referring to himself. Alternate translation: "My lord, I am your servant. Please go ahead of me"
"at the speed the animals I am looking after can go"
This is a mountainous area in the region of Edom. See how you translated this in [Genesis 32:3]
Jacob uses a question to emphasize that Esau does not need to leave men. Alternate translation: "Do not do that!" or "You do not need to do that!"
This is a polite and formal way of referring to Esau. Alternate translation: "you, my lord"
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Translators may also add a footnote that says, "The name Sukkoth means 'shelters.'"
It is implied that the house is also for his family. Alternate translation: "built a house for himself and his family"
"for the animals he looked after"
This starts a new part of the story. The author describes what Jacob did after he rested in Sukkoth.
"After Jacob left Paddan Aram"
This only mentions Jacob because he is the leader of the family. It is implied that his family was with him.
"He set up his camp near"
"piece of land"
This is the name of a man.
Shechem is the name of a city and the name of a man.
"100"
Translators may add a footnote that says: "The name El Elohe Israel means 'God, the God of Israel.'"
Jacob put his female servants first, then Leah, and then Rachel.
Jacob put his female servants first, then Leah, and then Rachel.
Jacob bowed toward the ground seven times as he came near his brother.
Esau ran to meet Jacob, embraced him, hugged his neck, and kissed him.
Esau told Jacob to keep them for himself, since he had enough.
Jacob said that because God had dealt graciously with him, and because he had enough, Esau should accept his gifts.
Jacob said he wanted Esau to go ahead because the flocks would die if they were driven too fast.
Jacob said he wanted Esau to go ahead because the flocks would die if they were driven too fast.
Jacob said he wanted Esau to go ahead because the flocks would die if they were driven too fast.
Jacob said he was going to bring his family and flocks to Esau in Seir.
Jacob traveled to Sukkoth, where he built himself a house.
Jacob traveled to Shechem, where he bought a piece of ground.
Jacob traveled to Shechem, where he bought a piece of ground.
Jacob's name was changed to Israel. It is his descendants who inherited the promised blessings given to him and to Isaac and Abraham. This is the first time his descendants are collectively referred to as the people group Israel. The people group Israel is identified through the covenant of circumcision. (See: inherit, promise, bless and covenant and circumcise)
Jacob's reacted to the rape of Dinah with indifference. This is possibly because she was not a daughter of Rachel. His reaction was both unwise and improper. This action brought shame on the whole family. Therefore, Jacob's sons corrected this wrong and plotted against Hamor and Shechem.
Shechem raped Dinah, but then he said he loved her. By raping her, he ensured that no one else would want to marry her. This is not love.
Here this word is used to mark a new part of the story.
This is the name of Leah's daughter. See how you translated this name in [Genesis 30:21]
This is the name of a people group. See how you translated the similar word "Hivites" in [Genesis 10:17]
This is referring to Hamor not Shechem. Also, "prince" here does not mean son of a king. It means Hamor was the leader of the people in that area.
Possible meanings are 1) "took" and "lay with" are two separate actions. Alternate translation: "he grabbed her and had sexual relations with her" or 2) "took" and "lay with" are a hendiadys, two words used to describe one action, Alternate translation: "raped her"
This is a polite way of speaking of sexual relations. You may have to use other words in your translation. Alternate translation: "had sexual relations with her"
"He was very attracted to her." This speaks about Shechem loving Dinah and wanting to be with her as if something were forcing him to come to Dinah. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "He wanted very much to be with Dinah"
He tried to convince her that he loved her and that he wanted her to love him also.
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"Now" is used here to mark a change from the story to background information about Jacob.
The word "he" refers to Shechem.
This means that Shechem had greatly dishonored and disgraced Dinah by forcing her to sleep with him.
This is a way of saying that Jacob did not say or do anything about the matter.
"Hamor ... went to meet Jacob"
"The men were very insulted" or "They were shocked"
Here the word "Israel" refers to every member of Jacob's family. Israel as a people group was disgraced. Alternate translation: "he had humiliated the family of Israel" or "he had brought shame on the people of Israel"
Here "lying with" is a euphemism. Alternate translation: "having sexual relations with Jacob's daughter"
This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "for he should not have done such a terrible thing"
"Hamor spoke with Jacob and his sons"
Here the word "love" refers to romantic love between a man and a woman. Alternate translation: "loves her and wants to marry her"
In some cultures, the parents decide whom their children will marry.
To intermarry is to marry a member of a different racial, social, religious or tribal group. Alternate translation: "Allow marriages between your people and ours"
"the land will be available to you"
"Shechem said to Dinah's father Jacob"
The phrase "find favor" is an idiom which means to be approved of by someone. Also, the eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. Alternate translation: "If you will approve of me, then I will give you whatever you ask"
In some cultures, it is customary for a man to give money, property, cattle, and other gifts to the bride's family at the time of marriage.
The abstract noun "deceit" can be stated as the verb "lied." Alternate translation: "But the sons of Jacob lied to Shechem and Hamor when they answered them"
This means that Shechem had greatly dishonored and disgraced Dinah by forcing her to sleep with him. See how you translated "defiled" in Genesis 34:5.
"Jacob's sons said to Shechem and Hamor"
"We cannot agree to give Dinah in marriage"
"for that would cause us shame." Here "us" refers to Jacob's sons and all the people of Israel.
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This means they will allow a person from Jacob's family to marry a person who lives in Hamor's land.
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"Hamor and his son Shechem agreed with what Jacob's sons said"
"to become circumcised"
"Jacob's daughter Dinah"
This can be translated as a new sentence. It can be made explicit that Shechem knew the other men would agree to be circumcised because they greatly respected him. Alternate translation: "Shechem knew all the men in his father's household would agree with him because he was the most honored among them"
It was common for leaders to meet at the city gate to make official decisions.
"Jacob, his sons, and the people of Israel"
Here "us" includes Hamor, his son and all the people they spoke with at the city gate.
"let them live and trade in the land"
Shechem uses the word "really" to add emphasis to his statement. "because, certainly, the land is large enough for them" or "because, indeed, there is plenty of land for them"
This refers to marriages between the women of one group and the men of the other group. See how you translated similar phrases in Genesis 34:9.
Hamor and Shechem his son continue to talk to the city elders.
"Only if every man among us is circumcised, as the men of Israel are circumcised, will they agree to live among us and unite with us as one people"
Shechem uses a question to emphasize that Jacob's livestock and property will belong to the people of Shechem. This can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: "All of their animals and property will be ours."
This refers to men old enough to gather at the city gates to discuss community affairs. The word "his" probably refers to Hamor, who was the king.
The meaning of this statement is clarified, not contradicted, by the words "all who went out to the gates." If a literal translation would be misunderstood, you can specify that this refers only to adult males. It can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "All adult males were circumcised" or "So Hamor and Shechem had someone circumcise all the adult men"
"third" is the ordinal number for three. It can be stated without the ordinal number. Alternate translation: "After two days"
"when the men of the city were still in pain"
"took their swords"
Here "city" stands for the people. Alternate translation: "they attacked the people of the city"
This can be translated as a new sentence. "security. Simeon and Levi killed all the men of the city"
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"the dead bodies of Hamor, Shechem, and their men"
"stole everything in the city that was valuable"
Shechem alone had defiled Dinah, but Jacob's sons considered Shechem's entire family and everyone in the city responsible for this act.
This means that Shechem had greatly dishonored and disgraced Dinah by forcing her to sleep with him. See how you translated "defiled" in Genesis 34:5.
"Jacob's sons took the people's flocks, herds, and donkeys, as well as everything"
"They took all their wealth, and they captured all their children and their wives"
The word "their" refers to the people of Shechem.
"all their possessions and money"
Causing someone to experience trouble is spoken of as if trouble were an object that is brought and placed on a person. Alternate translation: "caused great problems for me"
Causing the people in the surrounding areas to hate Jacob is spoken of as if Jacob's sons made him smell bad physically. This can be translated as a new sentence. Alternate translation: "You have made me repulsive to the people who live in the land"
Here the words "I" and "me" refer to all of Jacob's household. Jacob only says "I" or "me" since he is the leader. Alternate translation: "My household is small ... against us and attack us, then they will destroy all of us"
"form an army and attack me" or "form an army and attack us"
This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "they will destroy me" or "they will destroy us"
Simeon and Levi use a question to emphasize that Shechem did what was wrong and deserved to die. Alternate translation: "Shechem should not have treated our sister as if she were a prostitute!"
Shechem grabbed Dinah, assaulted her, and forced himself on her.
Jacob held his peace until his sons came in from the field.
Jacob's sons were very angry.
Hamor wanted Jacob to give Dinah to Shechem as his wife, and to allow Jacob's family to intermarry with Hamor's family.
Hamor wanted Jacob to give Dinah to Shechem as his wife, and to allow Jacob's family to intermarry with Hamor's family.
Shechem said he would pay as great a bride price as Jacob would name.
The sons of Jacob answered Shechem deceitfully, because Shechem had defiled Dinah.
The sons of Jacob required that all the males in Hamor's family be circumcised.
They said that all of Jacob's livestock, property, and animals would be theirs if they intermarried with Jacob's family.
The men of Hamor's city listened to Hamor and Shechem and every male was circumcised.
Simeon and Levi killed all the males in Hamor's city.
All of the sons of Jacob looted the city, took all the wealth, and captured the children and wives.
All of the sons of Jacob looted the city, took all the wealth, and captured the children and wives.
All of the sons of Jacob looted the city, took all the wealth, and captured the children and wives.
Jacob said that Simeon and Levi had brought trouble on him because the inhabitants of the land might now destroy him and his household.
Simeon and Levi said they had done it because Shechem had treated their sister Dinah like a prostitute.
In Scripture, a change in name always occurs at a highly significant point in a person's life. The return of Jacob to Canaan was a significant event in the history of the Hebrew people.
The covenant God made with Abraham is repeated here. It indicates that all of Jacob's descendants will inherit the promises of this covenant. (See: covenant and inherit and promise)
The phrase "go up" is used because Bethel is higher in elevation than Shechem.
"live there"
God speaks about himself in the third person. Alternate translation: "Build an altar there to me, your God"
"said to his family"
"Throw away your idols" or "Get rid of your false gods"
This was the custom of cleansing oneself morally and physically before going to worship God.
Putting on a new clothes was a sign that they had made themselves clean before approaching God.
"in the time of my distress" or "when I was in trouble"
"so everyone in Jacob's household gave" or "so all of his family and servants gave"
Here "in their hand" stands for what they own. Alternate translation: "that were in their possession" or "that they had"
"their earrings." Possible meanings are 1) the gold in the earrings could have been used to make more idols or 2) they took these earrings from the city of Shechem after they attacked it and killed all the people. The earrings would have reminded them of their sin.
God causing the people of the cities to be afraid of Jacob and his family is spoken of as if panic were an object that fell on the cities. The abstract noun "panic" can be stated as "afraid." Alternate translation: "God made the people in the surrounding cities afraid of Jacob and those with him"
Here "cities" stands for the people who live in the cities.
It is implied that no one attacked anyone in Jacob's family. But two of the sons, Simeon and Levi had attacked the Canaanites relatives of Shechem after he seized and slept with Jacob's daughter. Jacob was afraid they would seek revenge in [Genesis 34:30]
This is the name of a city. See how you translated this in [Genesis 28:19]
Translators may add a footnote that says: "The name El Bethel means 'God of Bethel.'"
"there God made himself known to Jacob"
This is the name of a woman.
A nurse is a woman who takes care of another woman's child. The nurse was highly honored and important to the family.
This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "They buried her down from Bethel"
The phrase "down from" is used because they buried her in a place that was lower in elevation than Bethel.
Translators may add a footnote that says: "The name Allon Bakuth means 'Oak tree where there is weeping.'"
It can be made explicit that they were in Bethel. Alternate translation: "After Jacob left Paddan Aram, and while he was in Bethel"
Here "bless" means to pronounce a formal blessing on someone and to cause good things to happen to that person.
This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "but your name will no longer be Jacob"
"God said to Jacob"
God told Jacob to produce children so that there would be many of them. The word "multiply" explains how he was to be "fruitful." See how you translated this in [Genesis 1:22]
Here "nation" and "nations" refer to Jacob's descendants who will establish these nations.
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Here "went up" is used because where God dwells is typically thought of as being up or above the world. Alternate translation: "God left him"
This is a memorial pillar which was simply a large stone or boulder set up on its end.
This is a sign that he is dedicating the pillar to God.
Translators may also add a footnote that says "The name Bethel means 'house of God.'"
This is another name for the town of Bethlehem.
"She was having a very difficult time giving birth to the child"
"When the labor pain was at its worst"
a person who helps a woman when she is giving birth to a child
A "dying breath" is a person's last breath before he or she dies. Alternate translation: "Just before she died, as she was taking her last breath"
Translator may add a footnote that says "The name Ben-Oni means 'son of my sorrow.'"
Translator may add a footnote that says "The name Benjamin means 'son of the right hand.'" The phrase "right hand" indicates a place of special favor.
This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "they buried her"
"alongside the road"
"It marks Rachel's grave still to this day"
"up to the present time." This means to the time that the author was writing this.
It is implied that Israel's family and servants are with him. The full meaning of this information can be made explicit.
Some English translations understand this phrase as a proper name, either "Migdal Eder" or "the tower of Eder."
This is a euphemism. Alternate translation: "had sexual relations with"
This is the name of Rachel's female servant. See how you translated this name in [Genesis 29:29]
This sentence begins a new paragraph, which continues into the following verses.
"12 sons"
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This is the name of Rachel's female servant. See how you translated this name in [Genesis 29:29]
This is the name of Leah's female servant. See how you translated this name in [Genesis 29:24]
It is implied that this does not include Benjamin who was born in the land of Canaan near Bethlehem. It only mentions Paddan Aram since that is where most of them were born. The full meaning of this can be made explicit. Alternate translation: "who were born to him in Paddan Aram, except Benjamin who was born in the land of Canaan"
Here "came" can be stated as "went."
This was another name for the city of Hebron. It may have been named after Mamre, the friend of Abraham who lived there. See how you translated this in [Genesis 13:18]
This is the name of a city. See how you translated this in [Genesis 23:2]
"180 years"
"Isaac took his last breath and died." The phrases "breathed his last" and "died" mean basically the same thing. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Genesis 25:8]
This is a polite way of saying a person died. See how you translated this in [Genesis 25:8]
This means that after Isaac died, his soul went to the same place as his relatives who died before him. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "he joined his family members who had already died"
The phrases "old man" and "full of days" mean basically the same thing. They emphasize that Isaac lived a very long time. Alternate translation: "after he had lived a very long time and was very old"
God told Jacob to go to Bethel and to build an altar to God.
Jacob told them to put away their foreign gods, to purify themselves, and to change their clothes.
The people of the cities around them did not pursue them because they were afraid of God.
Jacob called it "Elbethel" because it was the place God had revealed himself to Jacob when Jacob was fleeing from Esau.
God gave Jacob the new name Israel.
God reaffirmed the promise that Jacob would become a company of nations with kings among his descendants, and that the land God had promised to Abraham and Isaac would be given to him and his descendants.
Rachel died during her labor with Benjamin.
Rachel died during her labor with Benjamin.
Israel heard that Reuben had slept with Bilhah, Israel's concubine.
Jacob had twelve sons.
Joseph and Benjamin were born from Rachel.
Isaac lived one hundred eighty years.
Esau and Jacob buried Isaac.
Esau's descendants became known as the Edomite people group. They also become a great nation. This nation is prominent in the rest of the Old Testament. God graciously blessed Esau and he had many descendants. (See: grace and bless)
"These are the descendants of Esau, who is also called Edom." This sentence introduces the account of Esau's descendants in Genesis 36:1-8. Alternate translation: "This is an account of the descendants of Esau, who is also called Edom"
These are names of Esau's wives.
"Elon the descendant of Heth" or "Elon a descendant of Heth." This is the name of a man. See how you translate this in Genesis 26:34.
These are names of men.
This refers to a larger group of people. See how you translated it in Genesis 10:17.
a man's name
This is the name of one of Esau's wives. See how you translated this in Genesis 26:34.
This is the name of one of Ishmael's sons. See how you translated this in Genesis 28:9.
These are names of Esau's wives. See how you translated these in [Genesis 36:2-3]
These are names of Esau's sons.
These are names of Esau's wives. See how you translated these in [Genesis 36:2]
These are names of Esau's sons.
This refers to all of the things that he had accumulated while living in the land of Canaan. Alternate translation: "which he had accumulated while living in the land of Canaan"
This means to moved to another place and live there. Alternate translation: "went to live in another land"
"Esau's and Jacob's possessions"
The land was not large enough to support all of the livestock that Jacob and Esau owned. Alternate translation: "was not big enough to support all of their livestock" or "was not big enough for both Esau's flocks and Jacob's flocks"
The word "settled" means to move somewhere and live there. Alternate translation: "where they were living as foreigners"
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This sentence introduces the account of Esau's descendants in Genesis 36:9-43. Alternate translation: "This is an account of the descendants of Esau"
This means that they lived in the hill country of Seir. The full meaning of this may be made explicit. Alternate translation: "who lived in the hill country of Seir"
These are names of Esau's sons. See how you translated these names in [Genesis 36:4]
These are names of Esau's wives. See how you translated these names in [Genesis 36:2-3]
These are names of the sons of Eliphaz.
a son of Eliphaz
This is the name of Eliphaz's concubine.
This is the name of a son of Esau. See how you translated this name in [Genesis 36:4]
These are names of Reuel's sons.
This is the name of a wife of Esau. See how you translated this in Genesis 36:3.
This is the name of a wife of Esau. See how you translated these in [Genesis 36:2]
These are the names of men.
These are names of Esau's sons. See how you translated these names in Genesis 36:5.
This is the name of one of Esau's sons. See how you translated his name in [Genesis 36:4]
These are names of Eliphaz's sons.
These are names of Eliphaz's sons.
This is the name of one of Esau's wives. See how you translated her name in Genesis 36:2.
This is the name of a son of Esau. See how you translated this name in [Genesis 36:4]
These are the names of Reuel's sons. See how you translated these names in [Genesis 36:13]
This means that they lived in the land of Edom. Alternate translation: "who lived in the land of Edom"
This is the name of a wife of Esau. See how you translated these names in [Genesis 36:3]
This is the name of a wife of Esau. See how you translated this name in [Genesis 36:2]
These are the names of Esau's sons. See how you translated these names in [Genesis 36:5]
This the name of a man. See how you translated this name in [Genesis 36:2]
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The word "Seir" is the name of a man and of a country.
The word "Horite" refers to a people group. See how you translated it in Genesis 14:6.
"who lived in the land of Seir, which is also called Edom"
These are names of men.
These are names of men.
These are names of men.
This is the name of a woman.
This is the name of man. See how you translated this name in [Genesis 36:20]
These are names of men.
This is the name of a man. See how you translated this name in [Genesis 36:20]
These are names of men.
These are names of men. See how you translated "Anah" in Genesis 36:20.
This is the name of a woman.
These are names of men. See how you translated "Dishon" in [Genesis 36:21]
These are names of men. See how you translated "Ezer" in [Genesis 36:20-21]
These are names of men. See how you translated "Dishan" in [Genesis 36:21]
This is the name of a people group. See how you translated this in [Genesis 14:6]
These are the names of men. See how you translated these names in [Genesis 36:20]
These are the names of men. See how you translated these names in [Genesis 36:21]
This means that they lived in the land of Seir. Alternate translation: "of those who lived in the land of Seir"
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These are names of men.
This means that this was the city where he lived. Alternate translation: "the name of the city where he lived"
This is the name of a place.
These are names of men.
This is the name of a place.
"reigned in Bela's place" or "reigned instead of Bela." This means that Jobab became king after Bela. Alternate translation: "succeeded Bela as king" or "became king after him"
This is the name of a man. See how you translated this name in [Genesis 36:33]
This is the name of a man.
This means that Husham lived in the land of the Temanites. Alternate translation: "Husham who lived in the land of the Temanites"
descendants of a man named Teman
These are names of men.
This means that this was the city where he lived. Alternate translation: "The name of the city where he lived"
These are names of places.
These are names of men.
"Samlah from Masrekah"
These are names of places.
This is the name of a man. See how you translated this name in [Genesis 36:36]
Shaul lived in Rehoboth. Rehoboth was by the Euphrates river. This information may be stated clearly. Alternate translation: "then Shaul reigned in his place. He was from Rehoboth which is by the Euphrates River"
This is the name of a man.
This is the name of a place.
These are names of men.
These are names of men.
This means that this was the city where he lived. Alternate translation: "The name of the city where he lived"
These are names of places.
This is the name of a woman.
"she was the daughter of Matred, and the granddaughter of Me-Zahab"
"the leaders of the clans"
The clans and the regions were named after the heads of the clans. Alternate translation: "the names of their clans and the regions where they lived were named after them. These are their names"
These are names of people groups.
These are names of people groups.
These are names of people groups.
These are names of people groups.
"their dwelling places" or "the places they lived"
This list is said "to be" Esau, which means that it is the whole list of his descendants. Alternate translation: "This is the list of the descendants of Esau"
The descendants of Esau are also called Edom.
Esau took his wives from the Canaanites.
Esau moved away from his brother Jacob because the land could not support both of them as their possessions were too many.
Esau moved away from his brother Jacob because the land could not support both of them as their possessions were too many.
Esau settled in the hill country of Seir.
The name of the son born by Timna was Amalek.
The name of the son born by Timna was Amalek.
The name of the son born by Timna was Amalek.
Seir the Horite was the father of the inhabitants of the land in which Edom lived.
The people of Edom had kings before any king reigned over the Israelites.
Esau was the father of the Edomites.
This chapter begins to record the account of Jacob's sons. The rest of the book of Genesis focuses on Jacob's sons, especially Joseph. This chapter also references Jacob as "Israel" beginning in this chapter.
Jacob's favoritism became a great problem for his sons. They are always jealous of Joseph because he is the favorite son. The beautiful garment Jacob gave to Joseph greatly strained the relationship between Joseph and his brothers. Joseph dreams he will rule all of his brothers, even though he is not the oldest son. (See: favor)
The account of Joseph focuses on the power of God. God is able to protect his people despite the evil actions of some. He also is able to continue to bless them despite their circumstances. (See: people of God and bless)
"in the land of Canaan where his father had lived as a foreigner"
"17 years old"
This is the name of Rachel's female servant. See how you translated this name in [Genesis 29:29]
This is the name of Leah's female servant. See how you translated this name in [Genesis 29:24]
These women were servants of Leah and Rachel whom they had given to Jacob to produce children.
"a bad report about his brothers"
This word is used here to mark a change from the story to background information about Israel and Joseph.
This refers to brotherly love or love for a friend or family member. This is natural human love between friends or relatives.
This means that Joseph was born when Israel was an old man. Alternate translation: "who was born when Israel was an old man"
"Israel made Joseph"
"a beautiful robe"
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This is a summary of the events that will happen in 37:6-11.
"And Joseph's brothers hated him even more than they hated him before"
"Please listen to this dream that I had"
Joseph tells his brothers about his dream.
The word "behold" here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows.
The word "we" refers to Joseph and includes all of his brothers.
When grain is reaped it is tied into bundles and stacked until it is time to separate the grain from the straw.
Here the word "behold" here shows that Joseph was surprised by what he saw.
Here the bundles of grain are standing and kneeling as if they were people. These bundle represent Joseph and his brothers.
Both of these phrases mean basically the same thing. Joseph's brothers are using questions to mock Joseph. They can be written as statements. Alternate translation: "You will never be our king, and we will never bow down to you!"
The word "us" refers to Joseph's brothers but not Joseph.
"because of his dreams and what he said"
"Joseph had another dream"
"11 stars"
"Israel scolded him, saying"
Israel uses questions to correct Joseph. This can be written as statements. Alternate translation: "This dream you had is not real. Your mother, brothers, and I will not bow down before you!"
This means being angry because someone else is successful or more popular.
The means that he kept thinking about the meaning of Joseph's dream. Alternate translation: "kept thinking about what the dream might mean"
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Israel uses a question to begin a conversation. This can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: "You brothers are tending the flock in Shechem."
Here it is implied that Israel is asking Joseph to prepare himself to leave and go see his brothers. Alternate translation: "Get ready"
He is ready to leave. "I am ready to go"
"Israel said to Joseph"
Israel wants Joseph to come back and tell him about how his brother and flocks are doing. Alternate translation: "come tell me what you find out" or "give me a report"
"from the Valley"
"A certain man found Joseph wandering in a field"
This marks the beginning of another event in the larger story. It may involve different people than the previous events. Your language may have a way of doing this.
"What are you looking for?"
"Please tell me where"
"shepherding their flock"
This is the name of a place that is about 22 kilometers from Shechem.
"Joseph's brothers saw him while he was far away"
"they made evil plans to kill him"
"here comes the wonderful person who has great dreams." The phrase "this master of dreams" is sarcastic. If your language has a way of showing that the brothers used these words to show that they hated Joseph, you may want to use it here.
This wording shows that the brothers acted upon their plans. Alternate translation: "So now"
"dangerous animal" or "ferocious animal"
to eagerly have eaten
His brothers planned to kill him, therefore it is ironic that they would speak of his dream coming true, since he would be dead. Alternate translation: "That way we will make sure his dreams do not come true"
"heard what they were saying"
The phrase "their hand" refers to the brothers' plan to kill him. Alternate translation: "from them" or "from their plans"
The phrase "take his life" is a euphemism for killing someone. Alternate translation: "Let us not kill Joseph"
The negation can be placed on the verb. Also, "shedding blood" is a euphemism for killing someone. Alternate translation: "Do not spill any blood" or "Do not kill him"
This can be translated as a new sentence: "Rueben said this so that he might rescue Joseph"
The phrase "their hand" refers to the brothers' plan to kill him. Alternate translation: "from them" or "from their plans"
"and return him"
This phrase is used here to mark an important event in the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here.
"they tore his beautiful garment off of him"
"beautiful robe." See how you translated this in Genesis 37:3.
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"Bread" represents food in general. Alternate translation: "They sat down to eat food" or "Joseph's brothers sat down to eat"
Here looking up is spoken of as if a person literally lifted up his eyes. Also, the word "behold" is used here to draw the reader's attention to what the men saw. Alternate translation: "They looked up and they suddenly saw a caravan"
carrying
seasonings
an oily substance with a sweet smell used for healing and protecting skin. "medicine"
"bringing them down to Egypt." This can be made more explicit. Alternate translation: "bringing them down to Egypt to sell them"
This can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: "We do not gain a profit by killing our brother and covering up his blood"
This is a figure of speech referring to hiding Joseph's death. Alternate translation: "hide his murder"
"to these men who are descendants of Ishmael"
This means not to harm or injure him. Alternate translation: "not hurt him"
The word "flesh" is a metonym that stands for a relative. Alternate translation: "he is our blood relative"
"Judah's brothers listened to him" or "Judah's brothers agreed with him"
Both names refer to the same group of traders that Joseph's brothers meet.
"for the price of 20 pieces of silver"
"took Joseph to Egypt"
"Reuben returned to the pit, and was surprised to see that Joseph was not there." The word "behold" here shows that Reuben was surprised to find out Joseph was gone.
This is an act of deep distress and grief. This can be written more clearly. Alternate translation: "He was so grieved that he tore his clothes"
Reuben uses questions for emphasis the problem that Joseph was missing. These can be written as statements. Alternate translation: "The boy is gone! I cannot go back home now!"
This refers to the beautiful garment that his father made for him.
"the goat's blood"
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"has eaten him"
Jacob thinks that a wild animal has torn Joseph's body apart. Alternate translation: "It has certainly torn Joseph to pieces"
This is an act of deep distress and grief. This can be written more clearly. Alternate translation: "Jacob was so grieved that he tore his garments"
Here "loins" refers to the middle part of the body or the waist. Alternate translation: "put on sackcloth"
Here the childrens' coming to their father is spoke of as "rising up." Alternate translation: "came to him"
This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "but he would not let them comfort him"
The means that he be mourning from now until when he dies. Alternate translation: "Indeed when I die and go down to Sheol I will still be mourning"
"The Midianites sold Joseph"
"the leader of the soldiers who guarded the king"
Jacob lived in the land of Canaan.
Joseph brought to his father an unfavorable report about his brothers.
Israel made Joseph a luxurious tunic.
Joseph's brothers hated him and would not speak to him cordially.
Joseph saw his sheaf stand upright while his brothers' sheaves bowed down to his sheaf.
Joseph's brothers hated him even more.
Joseph saw the sun, moon, and eleven stars bow down to him.
The sun, moon, and stars represented Joseph's father, mother, and brothers.
Jacob sent Joseph out of the valley of Hebron to see if it was well with his brothers, and to bring Jacob word.
Joseph's brothers planned to kill Joseph and cast him into one of the pits.
Reuben suggested that the brothers only throw Joseph into a pit, so that he could rescue Joseph later.
Joseph's brothers sold Joseph to the Ishmaelites for twenty pieces of silver.
Joseph was taken to Egypt.
Joseph's brothers killed a goat and dipped Joseph's coat in the blood, then gave the coat to Jacob.
Joseph's brothers killed a goat and dipped Joseph's coat in the blood, then gave the coat to Jacob.
Jacob tore his garments, wore sackcloth, and mourned his son for many days.
Joseph was sold to Potiphar, an officer of Pharaoh, in Egypt.
This chapter focuses on Jacob's son Judah.
Onan was to provide for his brother's widow and give her an heir. This phrase indicates that he used Tamar to fulfill his own sexual desires rather than help her. This was sinful. (See: and sin)
The Canaanite woman, Tamar, deceived her father-in-law, Judah, into having sexual relations with her. If it had not been for this act, Judah would not have any descendants to carry on his family line. Although her actions were wrong, God used them to protect his people. (See: people of God)
This introduces a new part of the story that focuses on Judah.
Hirah is the name of a man who lived in the village of Adullam.
Shua is a Canaanite woman who married Judah.
This is a polite way of saying that he had sexual relations with her. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Genesis 16:2]
"Judah's wife became pregnant"
This can be written in active form. Alternate translation: "His father named him Er"
Judah's son
"named him"
Judah's son
Judah's son
This is the name of a place.
This is the name of one of Judah's sons. See how you translated this name in [Genesis 38:3]
The phrase "in the sight" refers to Yahweh seeing Er's wickedness. Alternate translation: "was wicked and Yahweh saw it"
Yahweh killed him because he was wicked. This can be made clear. Alternate translation: "So Yahweh killed him"
This is the name of one of Judah's sons. See how you translated this name in [Genesis 38:4]
This is a polite way of telling him to have sexual relations with his brother's wife. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Genesis 16:2]
This refers to a custom that when the oldest brother dies before he and his wife have a son, the next oldest brother would marry and have sexual relations with the widow. When the widow gave birth to the first son, that son was considered the son of the oldest brother and he would receive the oldest brother's inheritance.
This is a polite way of referring to having sexual relations with her. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Genesis 16:2]
You may need to make explicit that the word "it" refers to Onan's semen. Alternate translation: "he destroyed his semen by having it flow on the ground" or "he did not send his semen into her"
This is probably a euphemism for any place that it should not have gone.
The phrase "in the sight" refers to Yahweh seeing Onan's wickedness. Alternate translation: "was evil and Yahweh saw it"
Yahweh killed him because what he did was evil. This can be made clear. Alternate translation: "So Yahweh killed him also"
"his oldest son's wife"
This means her to live in here father's house. Alternate translation: "and live in your father's house"
Judah intends for Tamar to marry Shelah when he grows up. Alternate translation: "and when Shelah, my son, grows up, he can marry you"
This is the name of one of Judah's sons. See how you translated this name in [Genesis 38:5]
Judah feared that if Shelah married Tamar he would also die like his brothers did. Alternate translation: "For he feared, 'If he marries her he may also die like his brothers did"
This is the name of a man. See how you translated this name in [Genesis 38:2]
"When Judah was no longer grieving, he"
"Timnah, where his men were shearing sheep"
This is the name of a place.
"His friend Hiram, from Adullam, went with him"
"Hiram" is the name of a man, and "Adullam" is the name of a village where he lived. See how you translated this name in Genesis 38:1.
This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "Someone told Tamar"
"Listen." Here the word "look" is used to get Tamar attention.
"your husband's father"
This is the name of a place.
"that widows wear"
a very thin material used to cover a woman's head and face
This means that she hid herself with her clothing so that people would not recognize her. Traditionally, part of women's clothing were large pieces of cloth they wrapped themselves with. Alternate translation: "wrapped herself in her clothing so that people would not recognize her"
"along the road" or "on the way"
This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "Judah had not given her to Shelah as a wife"
The word "her" here refers to Tamar, but your reader should understand that Judah did not know that the woman he was looking at was Tamar.
Judah did not think she was a prostitute just because her face was covered but also because she was sitting in the gate. Alternate translation: "because she had covered her head and sat where prostitutes often sat"
Tamar was sitting by the road. Alternate translation: "He went to where she was sitting by the road"
"Come with me, please" or "Come now, please"
This is a polite way of asking her to have sexual relations with him. You may need to use another euphemism in your language. Alternate translation: "Please have sexual relations with me" or "Please lie with me"
"from my flock of goats"
A "seal" is similar to a coin with a design engraved on it, used to imprint melted wax. The "cord" was put through the seal so the owner could wear it around his neck. A staff was long wooden stick that helped in walking over rough ground.
This is a polite way of saying that he had sexual relations with Hagar. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Genesis 16:2]
This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "he caused her to become pregnant"
This was a very thin material used to cover a woman's head and face. See how you translated these in Genesis 38:14.
"clothing that widows wear." See how you translated these in Genesis 38:14.
a person who lives in the village of Adullam. See how you translated this in [Genesis 38:1]
This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "take back the pledge"
Here "hand" emphasizes that they were in here possession. The woman's hand refers to the woman. Alternate translation: "from the woman"
a person who lives in the village of Adullam. See how you translated this in [Genesis 38:1]
"some of the men who lived there"
"prostitute who serves in the temple"
This is the name of a place. See how you translated this in [Genesis 38:14]
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When people found out what had happened they would ridicule Judah and laugh at him. This can be made clear and stated in active form. Alternate translation: "or else people will laugh at us when they find out what happened"
This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story.
This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "someone told Judah"
"Tamar, your oldest son's wife"
Here the word "it" refers to the "prostitution" that she committed. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "it has made her pregnant" or "she is pregnant"
"Bring her out"
This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "we will burn her to death"
This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "When they brought her out"
"her husband's father"
A "seal" is similar to a coin with a design engraved on it, used to make an impression in melted wax. The "cord" was put through the seal so the owner could wear it around his neck. A staff was long wooden stick that helped in walking over rough ground. See how you translated this in Genesis 38:18.
This is the name of one of Judah's sons. See how you translated this name in [Genesis 38:5]
This is a polite way of saying that Judah did not have sexual relations with her again. You may need to use another euphemism in your language.
This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story.
The word "behold" alerts us to the surprise that Tamar was carrying twins, which was previously unknown.
This phrase "It came about" marks an important event in the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here.
"one of the babies put out his hand"
This is a person who helps a woman when she is giving birth to a child. See how you translated this in Genesis 35:17.
"bright red thread"
"around his wrist"
The word "behold" here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows.
This shows the midwife's surprise to seeing the second baby come out first. Alternate translation: "So this is how you break your way out first!" or "You have burst out first!"
This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "she named him"
This is the name of a boy. Translators may add a footnote that says: "The name Perez means 'breaking out.'"
This is the name of a boy. Translators may add a footnote that says: "The name Zerah means 'scarlet or bright red.'"
Judah took a wife from a Canaanite man.
Yahweh killed Er because he was wicked.
Onan would spill his semen on the ground when he made love to Tamar.
Yahweh killed Onan because what he did was evil.
Judah promised Tamar his third son Shelah as a husband when Shelah grew up.
Judah was comforted because his wife died.
Tamar took off her clothing of widowhood, put on a veil and wrapped herself, and sat by the road to Timnah.
Tamar did this because Judah's third son Shelah had grown up, but she had not been given to him as a wife.
Judah gave Tamar his seal, cord, and staff as a pledge of payment.
Judah learned that there was no temple prostitute in that area.
Judah wanted to burn Tamar because she had become pregnant as a prostitute.
She said that she was pregnant by the man who owned the seal, cord, and staff she had.
Judah said that Tamar was more right than he was, because he had not given Tamar to Shelah as a wife.
Tamar had twin sons.
When one of Tamar's twins put his hand out from Tamar's womb The midwife took a scarlet thread and tied it on his hand and said, "This one came out first."
The names of the two brothers that Tamar birthed were Perez and Zerah.
The names of the two brothers that Tamar birthed were Perez and Zerah.
The account of Joseph focuses on the power of God. God is able to protect his people despite the evil actions of some. He also is able to continue to bless them despite their circumstances. This is a sign of Yahweh's covenant faithfulness. (See: people of God, bless and sign and covenant faithfulness)
Genesis just recorded a period of time where Joseph's ancestors and brothers struggled with sin. Joseph's character in this chapter is upright. He chose to do what was right, even when it could cause him harm. (See: sin)
Traveling to Egypt is always considered as going "down" in contrast to going "up" to the promised land. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "The Ishmaelites had taken Joseph to Egypt"
This means that Yahweh helped Joseph and was always with him. Alternate translation: "Yahweh guided Joseph and helped him"
Here the author speaks of working in the master's house as if it were living in the master's house. Only the most trusted servants were permitted to work in their master's house. Alternate translation: "he worked in the house"
Joseph was now Potiphar's slave.
This means that the master saw how Yahweh was helping Joseph. Alternate translation: "His master saw that Yahweh was helping him"
"Yahweh caused everything that Joseph did to prosper"
"To find favor" means to be approved by someone. The idiom "in his sight" refers to a person's opinion. Possible meanings are 1) Alternate translation: "Potiphar was pleased with Joseph" or 2) Alternate translation: "Yahweh was pleased with Joseph"
This means that he was Potiphar's personal servant.
"Potiphar put Joseph in charge of his household and everything that belonged to Potiphar"
When something is "put under someone's care," it means that the person is responsible for its care and safe-keeping. Alternate translation: "he had Joseph care for"
You may need to use the words "Joseph" and "the Egyptian" before using pronouns to refer to them. "The Egyptian made Joseph manager over his house and over everything he possessed, and it came about from the time that that Yahweh blessed the Egyptian's house because of Joseph"
This phrase is used here to tell the reader that these two verses are background information for the next event.
"Potiphar put Joseph in charge of his household and everything that belonged to him"
Here "blessed" means to cause good and beneficial things to happen to the person or thing that is being blessed.
Here the author speaks of the blessing that Yahweh gave as if it were a physical covering put over something. Alternate translation: "Yahweh blessed"
This refers his household and his crops and livestock. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: "Potiphar's household and all of his crops and livestock"
When something is "put under someone's care," it means that the person is responsible for its care and safe-keeping. Alternate translation: "So Potiphar put Joseph in charge of everything that he had"
This double negative emphasizes that the food that he ate was the only thing he had to think about. This is probably an exaggeration or metaphor to say that Joseph took care of all the important business of the house while Potiphar thought only about minor personal affairs. Alternate translation: "The only thing he had to think about was the food that he ate"
The word "now" marks a stop in the story as the author gives background information about Joseph.
Both of the words have same meaning. They refer to Joseph's pleasing appearance. He was likely good-looking and strong. Alternate translation: "handsome and strong"
"And so." This phrase is used here to mark a new event.
This is a euphemism. Alternate translation: "Have sexual relations with me"
"Listen." Joseph uses this word to get Potiphar's wife's attention.
"my master has no concern about his household with me in charge" or "my master trusts me with his household"
When something is "put under someone's care," it means that the person is responsible for its care and safe-keeping. Alternate translation: "he has put me in charge of everything that belongs to him"
Here the author speaks of authority as if it were greatness. Alternate translation: "I have more authority in this house than anyone else"
This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: "He has given me everything except you"
Joseph uses a question for emphasis. This can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: "I certainly cannot do such a wicked thing and sin against God."
This means that she kept asking him to sleep with her. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: "She kept on asking Joseph to sleep with her"
This is a euphemism. Alternate translation: "to have sexual relations with her"
"to be near her"
"And so." This phrase is used here to mark a new event in the story.
"None of the other men who worked in the house"
This is a euphemism. Alternate translation: "Have sexual relations with me"
"and quickly ran outside" or "and quickly ran out of the house"
"Then" The phrase "it came about" is used here to mark the next event in the story.
"had quickly ran out of the house"
"the men who worked in her house"
"Look" or "Listen" or "Pay attention to what I am about to tell you."
Here Potiphar's wife is accusing Joseph of trying to seize her and have sexual relations with her. Alternate translation: "He came into my room to have sexual relations with me"
"When he heard me scream, he." The phrase "it came about" is used here to mark the next event in the story.
"Joseph's master." This refers to Potiphar.
"She explained it like this"
The word "us" refers to Potiphar, his wife, and includes the rest of the household.
"came in to make a fool of me." Here, the word "mock" is a euphemism for "to seize and to sleep with." Alternate translation: "came into where I was and tried to force me to sleep with him"
"Then." Potiphar's wife uses this phrase to mark the next event in the account she is telling him about Joseph trying to sleep with her.
"ran quickly out of the house"
"And so." This phrase is used here to mark a new event in the story.
"Joseph's master." This refers to Potiphar. This information can be made explicit. Alternate translation: "Joseph's master, Potiphar"
"heard his wife explain to him." The word "his" and "him" here refer to Potiphar.
"Potiphar became very angry"
This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "the place where the king put his prisoners"
"Joseph stayed there"
This refers to how Yahweh took care of Joseph and was kind to him. Alternate translation: "But Yahweh was kind to Joseph" or "But Yahweh took care of Joseph"
The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be stated as "faithful" or "faithfully." Alternate translation: "was faithful to his covenant with him" or "faithfully loved him"
This means Yahweh caused the prison warden to approve of Joseph and to treat him well. Alternate translation: "Yahweh caused the prison warden to be pleased with Joseph"
"the prison manager" or "the man in charge of the prison"
Here "hand" represents Joseph's power or trust. Alternate translation: "put Joseph in charge of"
"Joseph was in charge of everything they did there"
This refers to how Yahweh helped Joseph and guided him. Alternate translation: "because Yahweh guided Joseph"
"Yahweh caused everything that Joseph did to prosper"
Potiphar, an official of Pharaoh, bought Joseph in Egypt.
Joseph was prosperous because Yahweh was with him.
Joseph was prosperous because Yahweh was with him.
Potiphar put everything he had under Joseph's care.
Potiphar's wife asked Joseph to make love to her.
Joseph refused and said he could not commit this great wickedness and sin against God.
Joseph refused and said he could not commit this great wickedness and sin against God.
Joseph left his clothing in her hand and fled outside.
She accused him of trying to make love to her against her will.
She accused him of trying to make love to her against her will.
Potiphar became very angry and put Joseph in prison.
Potiphar became very angry and put Joseph in prison.
Yahweh showed covenant faithfulness to Joseph at this time.
The prison warden put all the prisoners under Joseph's care.
Everything Joseph did, Yahweh prospered.
The account of Joseph focuses on the power of God. God is able to protect his people despite the evil actions of some. He also is able to continue to bless them despite their circumstances. (See: people of God and bless)
The interpretation of dreams was important in the ancient Near East. It was seen as possible only through divine power. Yahweh gave Joseph the power to interpret dreams in order to bring himself glory and to protect Joseph and the Hebrew people. (See: glory)
This phrase is used here to mark a new event in the story.
This is the person who brought drinks to the king.
This is the person who made food for the king.
"upset their master"
"the leading cupbearer and the leading baker"
"He put them in the prison that was in the house that was overseen by the captain of the guard"
The king did not put them in prison but rather he commanded for them to be imprisoned. Alternate translation: "He had them put" or "He commanded his guard to put"
This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "This was the same prison that Joseph was in" or "This was the same prison Potiphar put Joseph in"
"They remained in prison for a long time"
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"Joseph came to the cupbearer and the baker"
The word "behold" here shows that Joseph was surprised by what he saw. Alternate translation: "He was surprised to see that they were upset"
This refers to the cupbearer and the baker.
"In prison in him master's house." "His master" refers to Joseph's master, the captain of the guard.
Joseph uses a question for emphasis. This can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: "Interpretations belong to God!" or "It is God who can tell the meaning of dreams!"
Joseph asks for them to tell him their dreams. Alternate translation: "Tell me the dreams, please"
The most important person who brings drinks to the king. See how you translated this in Genesis 40:2.
"In my dream, I saw a vine in front of me!" The cupbearer uses word "behold" here to show that he was surprised by what he saw in his dream and to alert Joseph to pay attention.
"its clusters ripened into grapes"
This means that he squeezed the juice out of them. Alternate translation: "squeezed the juice from them"
"Here is what the dream means"
"The three branches represent three days"
"In three more days"
Here "lift up your head" is a metaphor for "restore your honor." If the meaning is not clear, it can be explained in the text or a footnote. Alternate translation: "will lift up your head in honor"
"will give you back your job"
"just as you did when"
"please be kind to me"
Joseph means for the cupbearer to tell Pharaoh about him so that Pharaoh will release him from prison. Alternate translation: "Help me get out of this prison by telling Pharaoh about me"
This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "For indeed people took me" or "For indeed the Ishmaelites took me"
"the land where the Hebrew people live"
"and also while I have been here in Egypt, I have done nothing for which I deserved to be put in prison"
This refers to the leading person who made food for the king. See how this was translated in Genesis 40:2.
"I also had a dream, and in my dream,"
"there were three baskets of bread on my head!" The baker uses word "behold" here to show that he was surprised by what he saw in his dream and to alert Joseph to pay attention.
"baked foods for Pharaoh"
"Here is what the dream means"
"The three baskets represent three days"
In verse 13 Joseph said "lift up your head," but there it had a different meaning. Here "lift up your head from you" means either that the prisoner's head would be cut off his body, or the prisoner's head would be lifted when a noose was put around his neck and he was hanged. Alternate translation: "will lift up your head with a knife" or "will lift up your head with a noose"
Here "flesh" literally means the soft tissue on a person's body.
"Afterward, on the third day." The phrase "it came about" is used here to mark a new event in the story.
"He had a feast"
The author writes that Pharaoh lifted up both men's heads so that it would sound like he did the same thing to both men. But the meaning of "lift up the head" for each man is different and is explained in verses 21 and 22. This can also be shortened. Alternate translation: "He lifted up the heads of the chief of the cupbearers and the chief of the bakers"
This was the leading person who prepared and served drinks to the king. See how these were translated in Genesis 40:2.
This refers to the leading person who made food for the king. See how this was translated in Genesis 40:2.
The chief of the cupbearer's "responsibility" refers to his job as chief of the cupbearers. Alternate translation: "He gave the chief of the cupbearers his job back"
Pharaoh did not personally hang the baker, rather he commanded for him to be hanged. Alternate translation: "But he commanded for the chief of the bakers to be hanged" or "But he commanded his guards to hang the chief of the bakers"
This refers to when Joseph interpreted their dreams. Alternate translation: "just as Joseph had said would happen when he interpreted the two men's dreams"
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He put them in prison because they offended him.
The cupbearer and the baker each dreamed a dream the same night.
They were both sad because no one could interpret their dreams.
They were both sad because no one could interpret their dreams.
Joseph said that God could give the interpretation of the dreams.
Joseph said that the dream meant that within three days Pharaoh would restore the cupbearer to his office.
Joseph said that the dream meant that within three days Pharaoh would restore the cupbearer to his office.
Joseph requested that the cupbearer remember him, mention him to Pharaoh, and bring him out of the prison.
Joseph said that the dream meant that within three days Pharoah would hang the baker on a tree.
Joseph said that the dream meant that within three days Pharoah would hang the baker on a tree.
Pharaoh's birthday was three days later.
Pharaoh restored the cupbearer, but he hanged the baker, just as Joseph had interpreted to them.
Pharaoh restored the cupbearer, but he hanged the baker, just as Joseph had interpreted to them.
No, the cupbearer did not remember to help Joseph, but forgot about him.
The account of Joseph focuses on the power of God. God is able to protect his people despite the evil actions of some. He also is able to continue to bless them despite their circumstances. (See: people of God and bless)
The interpretation of dreams was important in the ancient Near East. It was seen as possible only through divine power. Yahweh gave Joseph the power to interpret dreams in order to bring himself glory and to protect Joseph and the Hebrew people. (See: glory)
Genesis just recorded a period of time where Joseph's ancestors and brothers struggled with sin. Joseph's character in this chapter is upright. It gained him great favor in the eyes of Pharaoh and helped to save his people. (See: sin, righteous and save)
This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here.
Two years passed after Joseph correctly interpreted the dreams of Pharaoh's cupbearer and baker, who had been in prison with Joseph.
The word "behold" here marks the beginning of another event in the larger story. Your language may have a way of doing this. Alternate translation: "He was surprised because he was standing"
"Pharaoh was standing"
"healthy and fat"
"were eating the grass along the side of the river"
tall, thin grasses that grow in wet areas
The word "behold" here shows that Pharaoh was again surprised by what he saw.
"sick and thin"
"beside the river" or "riverside." This is the higher ground along the edge of a river.
"weak and skinny." See how you translated this phrase in Genesis 41:3.
"healthy and well-fed." See how you translated this phrase in Genesis 41:2.
"awakened"
The word "second" is an ordinal number. Alternate translation: "again"
The word "behold" here shows that Pharaoh was surprised by what he saw.
The heads are parts of the corn plant on which the seeds grow.
"grew up on one stem." The stalk is the thick or tall part of a plant.
"on one stock and they were healthy and beautiful"
This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "that were thin and burned because of the hot wind from the east"
Wind from the east blew in from the desert. The heat of the east wind was often very destructive.
"grew up" or "developed"
The words "of grain" are understood. Alternate translation: "The thin heads of grain"
"ate." Pharaoh is dreaming that unhealthy corn could eat healthy corn just like a person eats food.
"healthy and good heads." See how you translated a similar phrase in Genesis 41:5.
"awakened"
The word "behold" here shows that Pharaoh was surprised by what he had seen.
"he had been dreaming"
This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here.
Here the word "spirit" refers to his inner being or his emotions. Alternate translation: "he was troubled in his inner being" or "he was troubled"
It is understood that he sent servants. Alternate translation: "He sent his servants to call" or "He sent his servants to summon"
Ancient kings and rulers used magicians and wise men as advisers.
The most important person who brings drinks to the king. See how you translated this in Genesis 40:2.
"I realize now that I have sinned." The phrase "my sins" is used for emphasis. His "sins" are that he should have told Pharaoh something much earlier but he did not.
The cupbearer is referring to Pharaoh in third person. This is a common way for someone with less power to speak to someone with greater power. Alternate translation: "You, Pharaoh, were angry"
Here "his" refers to Pharaoh. Here "servants" refers to the cupbearer and the chief baker. Alternate translation: "with us, your servants"
"put the chief baker and me in the prison where the captain of the guard was in charge." Here "house" refers to the prison.
The soldier in charge of the royal guards. See how you translated this in Genesis 40:3.
The most important person who made food for the king. See how you translated a similar phrase in Genesis 40:2.
"One night we both had dreams"
Here "We" refers to the chief cupbearer and the chief baker.
"Our dreams had different meanings"
The chief cupbearer continues to speak to Pharaoh.
"In prison there was with the chief baker and me"
The soldier in charge of the royal guards. See how you translated this in Genesis 40:3.
"We told him our dreams and he explained their meanings to us"
Here "his" refers to the cupbearer and baker individually, not to the one interpreting the dream. Alternate translation: "He explained what was going to happen to both of us"
This phrase is used here to mark an important event in the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here.
"what he explained about the dreams is what later happened"
Here the cupbearer uses Pharaoh's title in speaking to him as a way of honoring him. Alternate translation: "You allowed me to return to my job"
"the chief baker"
Here "he" refers to Pharaoh. And, it stands for the soldiers that Pharaoh commanded to hang the chief baker. Alternate translation: "you ordered your soldiers to hang"
It is understood that Pharaoh sent servants. Alternate translation: "Pharaoh sent his servants to get Joseph"
"out of the jail" or "out of the prison"
It was common practice to shave both the facial and head hair when preparing to go before Pharaoh.
Here "came" can be stated as "went." Alternate translation: "went before Pharaoh"
"no one can explain the meaning"
"you can explain its meaning"
"I am not the one who can explain the meaning"
"God will answer Pharaoh favorably"
Pharaoh uses the word "behold" to make Joseph pay attention to surprising information.
This is the higher ground along the edge of the Nile River. See how you translated a similar phrase in Genesis 41:3. Alternate translation: "beside the Nile"
Pharaoh uses the word "Behold" to make Joseph pay attention to surprising information.
"well-fed and healthy." See how you translated this phrase in Genesis 41:2.
"were eating the grass along the side of the river." See how you translated a similar phrase in Genesis 41:2.
Pharaoh uses the word "Behold" to make Joseph pay attention to surprising information.
"weak, and skinny." See how you translated this phrase in Genesis 41:3.
The abstract noun "undesirableness" can be translated with an adjective. Alternate translation: "such ugly cows" or "such worthless looking cows"
"well-fed cows." See how you translated this phrase in Genesis 41:2.
This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "no one would have been able to tell that the thin cows had eaten the fat cows"
Pharaoh continues telling Joseph his dreams.
This begins Pharaoh's next dream after he woke up and went back to sleep. Alternate translation: "Then I dreamed again"
Pharaoh uses the word "Behold" to make Joseph pay attention to surprising information.
The words "of grain" are understood. Alternate translation: "seven heads of grain"
"grew up on one stem." The stalk is the thick or tall part of a plant. See how you translated a similar phrase in Genesis 41:5.
dead and dried
"grew up" or "developed"
The words "of grain" are understood. See how you translated this in [Genesis 41:7]
"ate." Pharaoh is dreaming that unhealthy corn could eat healthy corn just like a person eats food. See how you translated a similar phrase in Genesis 41:7.
"there was not a single one that could" or "none of them could"
It is implied that the meanings are the same. Alternate translation: "Both dreams mean the same thing"
Joseph speaks to Pharaoh in the third person. This is a way of showing respect. It can be stated in the second person. Alternate translation: "God is showing you what he will soon do"
The words "of grain" are understood. Alternate translation: "seven good heads of grain"
Joseph continues his interpretation of Pharaoh's dreams
"skinny and weak cows." See how you translated a similar phrase in Genesis 41:3.
This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "seven thin heads of grain scorched because of the hot wind from the east"
Joseph speaks to Pharaoh in the third person. This is a way of showing respect. It can be stated in second person. Alternate translation: "These events will happen just as I have told you ... revealed to you, Pharaoh"
"he has made known"
"Pay attention, because what I am about to say is both true and important: seven"
This speaks about the years of abundance as if time is something that travels and comes to a place. Alternate translation: "there will be seven years in which there will be plenty of food throughout the land of Egypt"
Joseph continues interpreting Pharaoh's dreams.
This speaks about the seven years of famine as if they are something that travels and comes to a place. Alternate translation: "Then there will be seven years when there is very little food"
Joseph expresses an idea in two ways to emphasize its importance.
Here "land" refers to the people. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "the people of Egypt will forget about the years in which there was plenty of food"
Here "land" refers to the soil, the people, and the entire country.
Joseph expresses an idea in two ways to emphasize its importance.
This speaks about the famine as if it were a thing that travels and follows behind something else. Alternate translation: "because of the time of famine that will happen afterwards"
This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "God gave you two dreams to show you that he will certainly cause these things to happen"
Joseph continues to address Pharaoh
This does not mean "at this moment," but is used to draw attention to the important point that follows.
Joseph speaks to Pharaoh in third person. This is a way of showing respect. It can be stated in second person. Alternate translation: "You, Pharaoh, should look"
The phrase "put him over" means to give someone authority. Alternate translation: "give him authority over the kingdom of Egypt" or "put him in charge of the kingdom of Egypt"
Here "land" stands for all the people and everything in Egypt.
The word "fifth" is a fraction. Alternate translation: "let them divide the crops of Egypt into five equal parts, then take one of those parts"
"during the seven years in which there is plenty of food"
Joseph continues to counsel Pharaoh
"Allow the overseers to gather"
This speaks of years as if they are something that travels and comes to a place. Alternate translation: "during the good years that will soon happen"
The phrase "under the authority of Pharaoh" means Pharaoh gives them authority. Alternate translation: "use the authority of Pharaoh to store the grain"
The word "they" refers to the overseers and represents the soldiers that they should command to guard the grain. Alternate translation: "The overseers should leave soldiers there to guard the grain"
Here "land" refers to the people. Alternate translation: "This food will be for the people"
Here "land" stands for the people. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "This way the people will not starve during the famine"
The eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. Alternate translation: "Pharaoh and his servants thought this was a good plan"
This means Pharaoh's officials.
"a man like the one Joseph described"
"in whom the Spirit of God lives"
"no one else is as capable in making decisions." See how you translated "discerning" in Genesis 41:33.
Here "house" stands for Pharaoh's palace and the people in the palace. The phrase "will be over" means Joseph will have authority over. Alternate translation: "You will be in charge of everyone in my palace"
This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "you will rule over my people and they will do what you command"
Here "throne" stands for Pharaoh's rule as king. Alternate translation: "Only in my role as king"
The word "See" adds emphasis to what Pharaoh says next. Alternate translation: "Look, I have put you"
The phrase "put you over" means to give authority. Here "land" refers to the people. Alternate translation: "I put you in charge of everyone in Egypt"
All of these actions symbolize that Pharaoh is giving Joseph the authority to do everything that Joseph planned.
This ring had Pharaoh's seal engraved on it. This gave Joseph the authority and money needed to carry out his plans.
"Linen" here is a smooth, strong cloth made from the blue-flowered flax plant.
This act makes clear to the people that Joseph is second only to Pharaoh.
"Bow down and honor Joseph." To bend the knee and bow down was a sign of honor and respect.
The phrase "put you over" means to give authority. Here "land" refers to the people. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Genesis 41:41]
Pharaoh is emphasizing his authority. Alternate translation: "As Pharaoh, I command that apart from you"
Here "hand" and "foot" stand for a person's actions. Alternate translation: "no person in Egypt will do anything without your permission" or "every person in Egypt must ask your permission before they do anything"
Here "man" refers to any person in general, whether male or female.
Translators may add the following footnote: The name Zaphenath-Paneah means "a revealer of secrets."
Priests in Egypt were the highest and most privileged caste. This marriage signifies Joseph's place of honor and privilege.
"Asenath" is the name of the woman whom Pharaoh gave to Joseph as his wife.
"Potiphera" is the father of Asenath.
On is a city, also called Heliopolis, which was "the City of the Sun" and the center of worship of the sun god Ra.
Joseph traveled over the land to supervise the preparations for the coming drought.
"30 years old"
Here "stood before" stands for Joseph starting to serve Pharaoh. Alternate translation: "when he started to serve Pharaoh"
Joseph is inspecting the country as he prepares to carry out his plans.
"During the seven good years"
"the land produced big harvests"
Here "He" stands for Joseph's servants. Alternate translation: "Joseph ordered his servants to gather ... They put"
This compares the grain to the sand of sea to emphasize its great quantity. Alternate translation: "The grain that Joseph stored was as plentiful as the sand on the seashore"
Here "Joseph" and "he" stand for Joseph's servants. Alternate translation: "Joseph had his servants store up ... they stopped"
This speaks about years as if they are something that travels and comes to a place. Alternate translation: "before the seven years of the famine began"
a woman's name. See how you translated this in [Genesis 41:45]
"Potiphera" is the father of Asenath. See how you translated this in [Genesis 41:45]
On is a city, also called Heliopolis, which was "the City of the Sun" and the center of worship of the sun god Ra. See how you translated this in [Genesis 41:45]
Translators may also add a footnote that says, "The name 'Manasseh' means 'to cause to forget.'"
This refers to Joseph's father Jacob and his family.
Translators may also add a footnote that says, "The name 'Ephraim' means 'to be fruitful' or 'to have children.'"
Here "fruitful" means to prosper or to have children.
The abstract noun "affliction" can be stated as "I have suffered." Alternate translation: "in this land where I have suffered"
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In all the surrounding nations beyond Egypt, including the land of Canaan.
It is implied that there was food because of Joseph commanded his people to store food during the seven good years.
Here "land" stands for the people. Alternate translation: "When all the Egyptians were starving"
The word "face" refers to the surface of the land. Alternate translation: "The famine had spread throughout the land"
Here "Joseph" stands for Joseph's servants. Alternate translation: "Joseph had his servants open all the storehouses and sell grain to the Egyptians"
Here "earth" stands for the people from all regions. Alternate translation: "People were coming to Egypt from all the surrounding regions"
"throughout the land." It is likely that all the different trading partners and nations that were part of the Egyptian trading routes effected by the drought came to Egypt for grain.
The seven thin cows ate the seven fat cows.
The seven thin ears swallowed up the seven full ears.
The magicians and wise men of Pharaoh could not interpret Pharaoh's dreams.
The chief cupbearer told Pharaoh that a young Hebrew man had correctly interpreted his dream and the dream of another fellow when they were in custody.
The chief cupbearer told Pharaoh that a young Hebrew man had correctly interpreted his dream and the dream of another fellow when they were in custody.
Joseph said that God would answer Pharaoh's dream with favor.
Joseph said that God was declaring to Pharaoh what God was about to do.
The seven good cows and heads represented seven years of abundance.
The seven thin cows and heads represented seven years of famine.
Pharaoh was given two dreams because the matter had been established by God, and God would soon do it.
Joseph advised Pharaoh appoint a man to take a fifth of the crops in the seven abundant years.
Pharaoh said that the Spirit of God was in Joseph.
Pharaoh gave Joseph authority over Pharaoh's house and over all the land of Egypt, second only to Pharaoh.
Pharaoh gave Joseph authority over Pharaoh's house and over all the land of Egypt, second only to Pharaoh.
Joseph stored up grain like the sand of the sea, an amount beyond counting.
Joseph stored up grain like the sand of the sea, an amount beyond counting.
Joseph's sons were named Manasseh and Ephraim.
Joseph's sons were named Manasseh and Ephraim.
Joseph's sons were named Manasseh and Ephraim.
The seven years of famine was in all lands.
Joseph opened all the storehouses and sold food to the Egyptians.
Joseph opened all the storehouses and sold food to the Egyptians.
All the earth came to Egypt to buy grain from Joseph.
Apparently this famine extended beyond Egypt and encompassed the land of Canaan too. Because of Egypt's size and power, it would not have been unusual for people to go there in times of need.
Joseph tests his brothers to see if they are good. They treat their brother Benjamin better than they treated Joseph and tried to protect him.
The word "Now" marks a new part of the story.
Jacob uses a question to scold his sons for not doing anything about the grain. Alternate translation: "Do not just sit here!"
It was common to speak of going from Canaan to Egypt as going "down."
It was common to speak of going from Canaan to Egypt as going "down."
Here "Egypt" refers to the people selling grain. Alternate translation: "from those selling grain in Egypt"
Benjamin and Joseph had the same father and mother; their mother was different from the mothers of the other brothers. Jacob did not want to risk sending Rachel's last son.
The word "came" can be translated as "went." Also, the words "grain" and "Egypt" are understood. Alternate translation: "The sons of Israel went to by grain along with other people who went to Egypt"
"Now" marks a change from the story to background information about Joseph.
Here "land" refers to Egypt. Alternate translation: "over Egypt"
Here "land" includes Egypt and other surrounding countries. Alternate translation: "all the people of all the nations that came to buy grain"
Here "came" can be translated as "went."
This is a way of showing respect.
"When Joseph saw his brothers, he recognized them"
"he acted like he was not their brother" or "he did not let them know that he was their brother"
This was not a rhetorical question even though Joseph knew the answer. It was part of his choice to keep his identity from his brothers.
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Spies are people who secretly try to get information about a country to help another country.
The full meaning can be stated explicitly. Alternate translation: "You have come to find out where we are not guarding our land so that you can attack us"
This is a way to refer to someone to honor them.
The brothers refer to themselves as "your servants." This is a formal way of speaking to someone with greater authority. Alternate translation: "We, your servants, have" or "We have"
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"Joseph said to his brothers"
The full meaning can be stated explicitly. Alternate translation: "No, you have come to find out where we are not guarding our land so that you can attack us"
"12 brothers"
"Listen to us, the youngest." The word "See" is used to emphasize what they say next.
"right now our youngest brother is with our father"
"like I already said, you are spies." See how you translated "spies" in Genesis 42:9.
This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "This is how I will test you"
This phrase indicates a solemn oath. Alternate translation: "I swear by the life of Pharaoh"
"Choose one of you to go get your brother"
"The rest of you will remain in prison"
This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "so that I may find out if you are telling the truth"
"in prison"
The word "third" is an ordinal number. Alternate translation: "after the second day"
"If you will do what I say, I will let you live"
This refers to deeply respecting God and showing that respect by obeying him.
This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "leave one of your brothers here in prison"
Here "you" is plural and refers to all the brothers that will not stay in prison. Alternate translation: "but the rest of you go"
Here "houses" stands for families. Alternate translation: "carry grain home to help your family during this famine"
This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "so I may know what you say is true"
This implies that Joseph would have his soldiers execute the brothers if he finds out they are spies.
The word "soul" stands for Joseph. Alternate translation: "because we saw how distressed Joseph was" or "because we saw that Joseph was suffering"
The abstract noun "distress" can be stated as the verb "suffering." Alternate translation: "That is why we are suffering like this now"
Reuben uses a question to scold his brothers. Alternate translation: "I told you not to hurt the boy, but you would not listen!"
This has a quotation within a quotation. It can be stated as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: "Did I not tell you not to sin against the boy, but" or "I told you not to harm the boy, but"
Here "Now" does not mean "at this moment," but both "Now" and "see" are used to draw attention to the important point that follows.
Here "blood" stands for Joseph's death. His brothers thought Joseph was dead. The phrase "is required of us" means they must be punished for what they did. Alternate translation: "we are getting what we deserve for his death" or "we are suffering for having killed him"
This changes from the main story to background information that explains why the brothers thought Joseph could not understand them.
An "interpreter" is someone who translates what one person says into another language. Joseph placed an interpreter between himself and his brothers to make it seem like he did not speak their language.
It is implied that Joseph wept because he was emotional after hearing what his brothers said.
Joseph was still speaking a different language and using the interpreter to speak to his brothers.
Here the people are represented by their "eyes" to emphasize what they see. Alternate translation: "bound him in their sight" or "bound him as they watched"
"to give them the supplies they needed"
This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "The servants did for them everything that Joseph commanded"
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"When they stopped at a place for the night, one of the brothers opened his sack to get food for his donkey. In the sack he saw his money!"
The word "behold" here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows.
This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "Someone has put my money back"
"Look in my sack!"
To become afraid is spoken of as if their heart were sinking. Here "hearts" stands for courage. Alternate translation: "They became very afraid"
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"the lord of Egypt"
"spoke harshly"
Spies are people who secretly try to get information about a country to help another country. See how you translated "spies" in Genesis 42:9.
This has a quotation within a quotation. It can be stated as an indirect quotation. "We told him that we are honest men and not spies."
The quotation within a quotation that began with the words "We said to him, 'We are honest men ... not spies. It can be stated as an indirect quotation. "We told him that we are honest men ... not spies. We said that we are twelve brothers, sons of our father, and that one brother is no longer alive ... land of Canaan"
The word "brother" is understood. Alternate translation: "One brother is no longer alive"
The word "brother" is understood. Alternate translation: "the youngest brother is with our father right now"
"The lord of Egypt"
Here "houses" stands for "family." Alternate translation: "take grain to help your family during the famine"
"go home" or "leave"
"I will allow you to buy and sell in this land"
This phrase is used here to mark an important event in the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here.
"they were surprised because every"
"you have deprived me of my children" or "you have caused me to lose two of my children"
"all these things hurt me"
This is a request for Reuben to take Joseph with him and to care for him on the journey. Alternate translation: "Put me in charge of him" or "Let me take care of him"
It was common to use the phrase "go down" when speaking of traveling from Canaan to Egypt. Alternate translation: "My son, Benjamin, will not go with you to Egypt"
Here "you" is plural and refers to Jacob's older sons.
The full meaning can be made explicit. Alternate translation: "For my wife, Rachel, only had two children. Joseph is dead and Benjamin is the only one left"
"while you a traveling to Egypt and back" or "while you are away." Here "road" stands for traveling.
To "bring down ... to Sheol" is way of saying they will cause him to die and go to Sheol. He uses the word "down" because it was commonly believed sheol is somewhere underground. Alternate translation: "then you will cause me, an old man, to die of sorrow"
This stands for Jacob and emphasizes his old age. Alternate translation: "me, an old man"
Joseph's ten brothers, without Benjamin, went down to Egypt to buy grain.
Joseph's ten brothers, without Benjamin, went down to Egypt to buy grain.
Joseph's ten brothers, without Benjamin, went down to Egypt to buy grain.
Joseph's ten brothers, without Benjamin, went down to Egypt to buy grain.
Joseph's brothers bowed down to him with their faces to the ground.
Joseph disguised himself and spoke harshly with his brothers.
Joseph accused his brothers of being spies.
Joseph's brothers said their youngest brother was with his father in the land of Canaan.
Joseph's brothers said their other missing brother was no longer alive.
Joseph said the brothers would not leave Egypt, unless their youngest brother came to Egypt.
Joseph put the brothers in custody for three days.
Joseph told them to let one of the brothers be confined in prison, while the others carried grain to Canaan and bring back the youngest brother.
Joseph told them to let one of the brothers be confined in prison, while the others carried grain to Canaan and bring back the youngest brother.
Joseph told them to let one of the brothers be confined in prison, while the others carried grain to Canaan and brought back the youngest brother.
They believed that the blood of Joseph was being required of them for what they had done to Joseph.
They believed that the blood of Joseph was being required of them for what they had done to Joseph.
When Joseph heard his brothers talking about what they had done to him, Joseph turned from them and wept.
Joseph had each brother's money put back in his sack.
Their hearts sank and they spoke trembling to one another.
The brothers blamed God, asking why God had done this to them.
They learned that every man's money was in his sack.
Jacob was afraid that Simeon and Benjamin would be taken away from him.
Reuben swore to bring Benjamin back to Jacob from Egypt; otherwise, Reuben's two sons could be killed.
No, Jacob did not allow Reuben to take Benjamin to Egypt.
Jacob said he would go down with sorrow to Sheol if Benjamin died.
Israel is concerned over his favored son, Benjamin. He is also confused about the reason the Egyptian official treated them so kindly. This caused him some concern. It is possible he thought his sons were lying to him. (See: favor)
The word "Canaan" is understood. This information can be made explicit. Alternate translation: "The famine was severe in the land of Canaan"
This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here.
"when Jacob and his family had eaten"
"Jacob's older sons had brought"
Here "us" refers to Jacob, his sons, and the rest of the family.
"Judah told his father Jacob"
This refers to Joseph, but the brothers did not know it was Joseph. They referred to him as "the man" or "the man, the lord of the land" as in Genesis 42:30.
This has a quotation within a quotation. It can be stated as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: "warned us that we would not see his face unless we brought our youngest brother with us"
"was very serious when he warned us, saying"
Judah uses this phrase twice in 43:3-5 to emphasize to his father that they cannot return to Egypt without Benjamin. The phrase "my face" refers to the man, who is Joseph. Alternate translation: "You will not see me"
Judah is referring to Benjamin, Rachel's last born before she died.
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It was common to use the phrase "go down" when speaking of traveling from Canaan to Egypt.
"Why did you cause me so much trouble"
"The man asked many questions"
Here "us" is exclusive and refers to the brothers who went to Egypt and spoke with "the man."
This is a quotation within a quotation. It can be stated as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: "He asked us directly if our father was still alive and if we had another brother."
"We answered the questions he asked us"
The sons use a question emphasize that the did not know what the man would tell them to do. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: "We did not know he would say ... down!"
This is a quotation within a quotation. It can be stated as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: "he would tell us to bring our brother down to Egypt."
It was common to use the word "down" when speaking of traveling from Canaan to Egypt.
The phrases "we may live" and "not die" mean the same thing. Judah is emphasizing that they have to buy food in Egypt in order to survive. Alternate translation: "We will go now to Egypt and get grain so our whole family will live"
Here "We" refers to the brothers who will travel to Egypt.
Here "we" refers to the brothers, Israel, and the whole family.
Here "we" refers to the brothers.
Here "you" is singular and refers to Israel.
Here "our" refers to the brothers. This refers to the small children who were most likely to die during a famine.
The abstract noun "guarantee" can be stated as the verb "promise." Alternate translation: "I will promise to bring him back"
How Jacob will hold Judah responsible can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: "You will make me answer to you about what happens to Benjamin"
This speaks about "blame" as if it were an object that a person has to carry. Alternate translation: "you may blame me"
They delayed because their father waited so long to send his sons to Egypt to get more food. Judah is complaining that they could not go sooner. He wishes that they had not delayed.
"we could have gone and returned twice"
"If this is our only choice, then do it"
It was common to use the word "down" when speaking of traveling from Canaan to Egypt.
an oily substance with a sweet smell used for healing and protecting skin. See how you translated this word in Genesis 37:25. Alternate translation: "medicine"
seasonings. See how you translated these words in Genesis 37:25.
small, green tree nuts
tree nuts with a sweet flavor
Here "hand" stands for the whole person. Alternate translation: "Take double the money with you"
Here "hand" stands for the whole person. The phrase "that was returned" can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "take back to Egypt the money someone put in your sacks"
"Take also Benjamin"
"return"
The abstract noun "mercy" can be stated as the adjective "kind." Alternate translation: "May God Almighty cause the man to be kind to you"
"Simeon"
"If I lose my children, then I lose my children." This means that Jacob knows he must accept whatever happens to his sons.
Here "hand" refers to the entire person. Alternate translation: "they took"
It was common to use the phrase "went down" when speaking of traveling from Canaan to Egypt.
"Benjamin with Joseph's older brothers"
The "steward" was responsible for managing Joseph's household activities.
Here "brought" can be translated as "took."
"into Joseph's house"
"Joseph's brothers were afraid"
This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "they were going into Joseph's house" or "the steward was taking them into Joseph's house"
This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "The steward is bringing us into the house because of the money that someone put back in our sacks"
This can be translated as a new sentence. Alternate translation: "He is waiting for the opportunity to accuse us, so that he might arrest us"
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It is common to use the phrase "came down" when speaking of traveling from Canaan to Egypt.
The brothers continue speaking to the steward of the house.
This phrase is used here to mark an important event in the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here.
"when we came to the place that we were going to stay for the night"
The word "behold" here shows that the brothers were surprised by what they saw.
"each one of us found the full amount of his money in his sack"
Here "hands" stands for the whole person. Alternate translation: "We have brought the money back with us"
Here "hand" stands for the whole person. Alternate translation: "We have also brought more money to buy food"
It common to use the word "down" when speaking of traveling from Canaan to Egypt.
The abstract noun "Peace" can be stated as a verb. Alternate translation: "Relax" or "Calm yourselves"
The stewards is not speaking about two different Gods. Alternate translation: "Your God, the God your father worships"
This custom helped tired travelers to refresh themselves after walking long distances. The full meaning of this statement may be made explicit.
"Feed" is dry food that is set aside for animals
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Here "hand" stands for the entire person. Alternate translation: "the brothers brought the gifts they had with them"
This is a way of showing honor and respect.
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They refer to their father as "Your servant" to show respect. Alternate translation: "Our father who serves you"
They lay down in front of the man to show him respect.
This means "he looked up."
This can be translated with a new sentence. Alternate translation: "his mother's son. Joseph said"
Possible meanings are 1) Joseph is truly asking a question to confirm that this man is Benjamin, or 2) it is a rhetorical question. Alternate translation: "So this is your youngest brother ... me."
This is a friendly way one man speaks to another man of lower rank. Alternate translation: "young man"
"hurried out of the room"
The phrase "deeply moved" refers to having a strong feeling or emotion when something important happens. Alternate translation: "for he had strong feelings of compassion for his brother" or "for he had strong feelings of affection for his brother"
It can be made explicit to whom Joseph is speaking. Alternate translation: "and said to his servants"
This means to distribute the food so that people may eat.
This means that Joseph, the brothers, and the other Egyptians are eating in three different places within the same room. Alternate translation: "The servants served Joseph by himself and the brothers by themselves and the Egyptians, who were eating with him, by themselves"
These are probably other Egyptian officials who ate with Joseph, but they still sat separately from him and the Hebrew brothers.
This can be translated as a new sentence: "They did this because the Egyptians thought it was shameful to eat with the Hebrews"
Here "bread" stands for food in general.
It is implied that Joseph had arranged where each brother would sit. You can make clear the implied information. Alternate translation: "The brothers sat across from the man, according to how he arranged their places"
The "firstborn" and the "youngest" are used together to mean all the brothers were sitting in order according to their age.
"The men were very surprised when they realized this"
The phrase "five times" can be stated more generally. Alternate translation: "But Benjamin received a portion that was much bigger than what his brothers received"
The famine was severe and they had eaten the grain they had brought from Egypt on the first journey.
The famine was severe and they had eaten the grain they had brought from Egypt on the first journey.
Judah said they must have their brother Benjamin in order to go down to Egypt.
Judah said they must have their brother Benjamin in order to go down to Egypt.
Judah said they must have their brother Benjamin in order to go down to Egypt.
Judah said that if he did not bring Benjamin back, he would bear the blame forever.
Israel told the brothers to take some of the best products of the land, and to take double the money.
Israel told the brothers to take some of the best products of the land, and to take double the money.
Israel asked God to give the brothers mercy in Egypt, so that all the brothers would be released.
The brothers were afraid they would be arrested and taken as slaves because of the money left in their bags on the first journey.
The brothers told the steward they had brought back the money left in their sacks, and money to buy food.
The brothers told the steward they had brought back the money left in their sacks, and money to buy food.
The steward said the money left in their sacks had come from their God.
The brothers brought the gifts into the house, and bowed down before Joseph to the ground.
Joseph asked the brothers about the welfare of their father.
Joseph hurried out of the room because he was deeply moved about Benjamin, and he went to his room and wept.
It was detestable to the Egyptians to eat with the Hebrews.
The brothers were arranged at the table according to their birthright and age.
Benjamin's portion was five times as much as any of his brothers.
Judah is willing to sacrifice himself in order to save Benjamin, the favored son of Jacob. Judah's descendants will become the leaders of the Israelites and the godliest of the twelve tribes of Israel. (See: favor and godly)
Joseph tests his brothers to see if they are good. They treat their brother Benjamin better than they treated Joseph and tried to protect him. (See: test)
This begins a new event in the story. Most likely this is the next morning after the feast.
The "steward" was responsible for managing Joseph's household activities.
Their money was silver coins most likely in a small bag.
"in his sack"
"Put my silver cup"
The word "brother" is understood. Alternate translation: "in the youngest brother's sack"
"The morning light shown"
This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "they sent the men away, along with their donkeys"
This question is used to scold the brothers. Alternate translation: "You have treated us badly, after we were good to you!"
This question is used to scold the brothers. Alternate translation: "You already know that this is the cup that my master uses for drinking and for fortune telling!"
This repeats "you have done" for emphasis. Alternate translation: "What you have done is very evil"
"spoke what Joseph told him to say"
Here "words" stands for what was said. The brothers refer to the steward as "my master." This is a formal way of speaking to someone with greater authority. It can be stated in the second person. Alternate translation: "Why are you saying this, my master?"
The brothers refer to themselves as "your servants" and "they." This is a formal way of speaking to someone with greater authority. Alternate translation: "We would never do such a thing!"
Something that a person would never do is spoken of as if it were an object that person wants to put very far from himself.
"Listen to what we are about to say and you will see that we are speaking the truth: the money"
"you know the money that we found in our sacks"
"we brought back to you from Canaan"
The brothers use a question to emphasize that they would not steal from the lord of Egypt. Alternate translation: "So we would never take anything from your master's house!"
These words are used together to mean that they would not steal anything of any value.
The brothers refer to themselves as "your servants." This is a formal way of speaking to someone with greater authority. It can be stated in the first person. Also, "is found with it" can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "If you find that one of us has stolen the cup"
The phrase "my master" refers to the steward. This can be stated in the second person. Alternate translation: "you may take us as your slaves"
"Very well. I will do what you said." Here "now" does not mean "at this moment," but is used to draw attention to the important point that follows.
This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "If I find the cup in one of your sacks, that person will be my slave"
"lowered his sack"
The word "brother" is understood. Alternate translation: "the oldest brother ... the youngest brother"
This can be translated as a new sentence and in active form. Alternate translation: "youngest. The steward found the cup in Benjamin's sack"
The word "they" refers to the brothers. Tearing clothes was a sign of great distress and sorrow.
"donkey, and they returned"
"Joseph was still there"
"they fell before him." This is a sign of the brothers wanting the lord to be merciful to them.
Joseph uses a question to scold his brothers. Alternate translation: "Surely you know that a man like me can learn things by magic!"
All 3 questions mean basically the same thing. They use these questions to emphasize that there is nothing they can say to explain what happened. Alternate translation: "We have nothing to say, my master. We cannot speak anything of value. We cannot justify ourselves."
Here "my master" refers to Joseph. This is a formal way of speaking to someone with greater authority. It can be stated in second person. Alternate translation: "What can we say to you ... your slaves"
Here "found out" does not mean God just found out what the brothers did. It means God is now punishing them for what they did. Alternate translation: "God is punishing us for our past sins"
The brothers refer to themselves as "your servants." This is a formal way of speaking to someone with greater authority. It can be stated in first person. Alternate translation: "our iniquity"
Here "hand" stands for the whole person. Also, "was found" can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "the one who had your cup"
Something that a person would never do is spoken of as if it were an object the person wants put far away from him. Alternate translation: "It is not like me to do something like that"
Here "hand" stands for the whole person. Also, "was found" can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "The man who had my cup"
"approached"
Judah refers to himself as "your servant." This is a formal way of speaking to someone with more authority. This can be stated in first person. Alternate translation: "let me, your servant"
The word "ear" is a synecdoche that stands for the whole person. Alternate translation: "speak to you, my master"
Here "my master" refers to Joseph. This is a formal way of speaking to someone with more authority. This can be stated in second person. Alternate translation: "to you"
Being angry is spoke of as if it were a burning fire. Alternate translation: "please do not be angry with me, your servant"
Judah compares the master to Pharaoh to emphasize the great power that the master has. He is also implying that he does want the master to become angry and execute him. Alternate translation: "for you are as powerful as Pharaoh and could have your soldiers kill me"
This is a quotation within a quotation. It can be stated as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: "My master asked us if we have a father or a brother."
Judah refers to Joseph with the words "my master" and "his." He also refers to himself and his brothers as "his servants." Alternate translation: "You, my master, asked us, your servants" or "You asked us"
Judah continues to speak before Joseph
This is a quotation within a quotation. It can be stated as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: "And we said to my master that we have a father ... his father loves him"
This refers to love for a friend or family member.
This is a quotation within a quotation. It can be stated as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: "And you said to your servants that we should bring our youngest brother to you so that you may see him"
Judah refers to himself and his brothers as "your servants." Alternate translation: "Then you said to us, your servants"
It was common to use the word "down" when speaking of traveling from Canaan to Egypt. Alternate translation: "Bring him to me"
Judah refers to Joseph as "my master." This is a formal way of speaking to someone with greater authority. Alternate translation: "we said to you, my master"
This is a quotation within a quotation. It can be stated as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: "In response, we said to my master that the boy cannot ... father would die"
It is implied that their father would die from sorrow.
Judah continues his story to Joseph
This is a quotation within a quotation. It can be stated as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: "Then you said to your servants that unless our youngest brother comes with us, we would not see you again."
Judah refers to himself and his brothers as "your servants." This is a formal way of speaking to someone with greater authority. Alternate translation: "Then you said to us, your servants"
It was common to use the word "down" when speaking of traveling from Canaan to Egypt.
Here "face" stands for the whole person. Alternate translation: "you will not see me again"
This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here.
It was common to use the phrase "went up" when speaking of traveling from Egypt to Canaan.
Judah refers to Joseph as "my master." Alternate translation: "we told him what you said, my master"
This is a quotation within a quotation. It can be stated as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: "Our father told us to go again to Egypt to buy food for us and our families."
It was common to use the word "down" when speaking of traveling from Canaan to Egypt.
This is a quotation within a quotation. It can be stated as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: "Then we said to him that we cannot go down to Egypt. We told him that if our youngest brother is with us ... is with us"
Here "face" stands for the whole person. Alternate translation: "to see the man"
Judah continues his story to Joseph.
This is the beginning of a three-level quote.
Here "us" does not include Joseph.
Here "You" is plural and refers to the brothers.
The three-level quote that began in verse 27 continues.
This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "a wild animal has torn him to pieces"
The three-level quote that began in verse 27 ends here.
The three-level quote that began with the words "Your servant ... said to us, 'You know ... two sons" in verse 27 and continued with the words "and I said, 'Surely ... since" in verse 28 ends here. You may need to change one or more of these levels to indirect quotes. "This is what your servant my father said to us: 'You know that my wife bore me two sons. One of them went out from me and I said that surely he had been torn in pieces, and I have not seen him since. Now if you also take this one from me, and harm comes to him, you will bring down my gray hair with sorrow to Sheol.'" or "Your servant my father told us that we knew that his wife had borne him two sons. One of them went out from him, and he said that surely that son had been torn in pieces, and he has not seen him since. He then said that if we also took this one from him, and harm came to him, we would bring down his gray hair with sorrow to Sheol."
Something bad happening to a person is spoken of as if "harm" were something that travels and comes to a person.
To "bring down ... to Sheol" is way of saying they will cause him to die and go to Sheol. He uses the word "down" because it was commonly believed Sheol is somewhere underground. Alternate translation: "then you will cause me, an old man, to die of sorrow"
This stands for Jacob and emphasizes his old age. Alternate translation: "me, an old man"
This does not mean "at this moment," but is used to draw attention to the important point that follows.
Judah begins to describe what he expects will happen to Jacob if he returns to Jacob without Benjamin. Here "come" can be translated as "go" or "return."
The father saying he would die if his son died is spoken of as if their two lives were physically bound together. Alternate translation: "since he said he would die if the boy did not come back"
Judah finishes describing what he expects to happen to Jacob if he returns to Jacob without Benjamin.
To "bring down ... to Sheol" is way of saying they will cause him to die and go to Sheol. He uses the word "down" because it was commonly believed Sheol is somewhere underground. Alternate translation: "And we your servants will have caused our old father to die of sorrow"
Judah refers to himself and his brothers as "your servants." This is a formal way of speaking to someone who has greater authority. Alternate translation: "And we, your servants" or "And we"
Here "gray hair" stands for Jacob and emphasizes his old age. Alternate translation: "our old father"
The abstract noun "guarantee" can be stated with the verb "promised." Alternate translation: "For I promised my father concerning the boy"
Judah refers to himself as "your servant." Alternate translation: "For I, your servant" or "For I"
Being considered guilty is spoken of as if "guilt" were something that a person carries. Alternate translation: "then my father may blame me"
This does not mean "at this moment," but is used to draw attention to the important point that follows.
"let your servant remain as a slave to my master instead of the boy"
Judah refers to himself as "your servant." This is a formal way of speaking to someone with greater authority. Alternate translation: "let me, your servant" or "let me"
Judah refers to Joseph as "my master." Alternate translation: "to you, my master" or "to you"
It was going to use the phrase "go up" when speaking about traveling from Egypt to Canaan.
Judah uses a question to emphasize the grief he would have if Benjamin did not return home. Alternate translation: "I cannot return to my father if the boy is not with me."
A person suffering terribly is spoken of as if "evil" were a thing that comes upon a person. Alternate translation: "I am afraid to see how much my father would suffer"
Joseph told his steward to fill the brothers' sacks with food, to put their money in the sacks, and to put his silver cup in the youngest's sack.
Joseph told his steward to fill the brothers' sacks with food, to put their money in the sacks, and to put his silver cup in the youngest's sack.
Joseph told the steward to ask them why they had returned evil for good and accused them of stealing Joseph's cup.
Joseph told the steward to ask them why they had returned evil for good and accused them of stealing Joseph's cup.
The brothers said the one found with the cup would die, and the others would become slaves.
The steward said that the one with whom the cup was found would be his slave, and the others would be innocent.
The steward found the cup in Benjamin's sack, and the brothers tore their clothes.
The steward found the cup in Benjamin's sack, and the brothers tore their clothes.
The brothers bowed before Joseph to the ground.
Judah said that God had found out their iniquity.
Judah said all the brothers would now become Joseph's slaves.
Joseph said that the man in whose hand the cup was found would be his slave, and the rest could go in peace.
Judah said that the youngest brother was the child of his father's old age, and the only child left of his mother.
The brothers worried their father would die if the youngest left him.
Judah said they were forced to bring Benjamin because Joseph had said that unless the youngest brother comes, they would not see Joseph's face.
Judah said they were forced to bring Benjamin because Joseph had said that unless the youngest brother comes, they would not see Joseph's face.
Israel thought that surely Joseph had been torn in pieces.
Israel said that the brothers would bring his gray hair with sorrow to Sheol.
Judah said that his father would die.
Judah said that if he did not return Benjamin to his father, he would bear the guilt forever.
Judah asked Joseph to make him Joseph's slave, so that Benjamin could return to his father.
Joseph finally reveals himself to his brothers in this chapter. This chapter forms the conclusion of the story which began in chapter 43.
The account of Joseph focuses on the power of God. God is able to protect his people despite the evil actions of some. He also is able to continue to bless them despite their circumstances. (See: people of God and bless)
Genesis just recorded a period of time where Joseph's ancestors and brothers struggled with sin. Joseph's character in this chapter is upright. It gained him great favor in the eyes of Pharaoh and helped to save his people. (See: sin save)
This means he could not control his emotions. It can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: "was about to start crying"
"near him"
Here "house" stands for the people in the Pharaoh's palace. Alternate translation: "everyone in Pharaoh's palace"
"terrified of him"
The meaning can be stated more explicitly. Alternate translation: "whom you sold as a slave to the trader who brought me to Egypt"
"do not be upset" or "do not be distressed"
The meaning can be stated more explicitly. Alternate translation: "that you sold me as a slave and sent me here to Egypt"
Here "life" stands for the people that Joseph saved from dying during the famine. Alternate translation: "so I could save many lives"
"there will be five more years without planting or harvesting." Here "neither plowing nor harvest" stands for the fact that the crops still will not grow because of the famine. Alternate translation: "and the famine will last five more years"
"so that you and your families would not completely perish from the earth" or "to make sure your descendants would survive"
The abstract noun "deliverance" can be stated as "rescuing." Alternate translation: "to keep you alive by rescuing you in a mighty way"
Joseph advising and helping Pharaoh is spoken of as if Joseph were Pharaoh's father. Alternate translation: "he has made me a guide to Pharaoh" or "he has made me the chief adviser to Pharaoh"
Here "house" stands for the people who live in his palace. Alternate translation: "of all his household" or "of all his palace"
Here "land" stands for the people. Alternate translation: "ruler over all the people of Egypt"
Here Joseph means that he is ruler in second place to Pharaoh, the king of Egypt. This understood information can be made clear.
This is the beginning of a three-level quotation.
It was common to use the phrase "go up" when speaking about going from Egypt to Canaan. Alternate translation: "go back to my father"
It was common to use the phrase "come down" when speaking about going from Canaan to Egypt. Alternate translation: "Come here to me"
The three-level quotation that began in verse 9 continues here.
The three-level quotation that began in verse 9 ends here.
The three-level quotation that began with the words "say to him" in verse 9 ends here. You may need to reduce the number of levels by making some levels indirect quotes. "say to him that his son Joseph says that God has made him master of all Egypt, so he must go down to Joseph and not delay. He will live in the land of Goshen, and he will be near Joseph, he and his children and his children's children, and his flocks and his herds, and all that he has. Joseph will provide for him there, for there are still five years of famine, so that he does not come to poverty, him, his household, and all that he has." or "say to him, 'Your son Joseph says that God has made him master of all Egypt, so he must go down to Joseph and not delay. He will live in the land of Goshen, and he will be near Joseph, he and his children and his children's children, and his flocks and his herds, and all that he has. Joseph will provide for him there, for there are still five years of famine, so that he does not come to poverty, him, his household, and all that he has.'"
This speaks about "poverty" as if it were a destination. Alternate translation: "waste away" or "starve"
The word "eyes" stands for the entire person. Alternate translation: "All of you and Benjamin can see"
The word "mouth" stands for the entire person. Alternate translation: "that I, Joseph, am speaking to you"
"how the people in Egypt greatly honor me"
It was common to use the word "down" when speaking of traveling from Canaan to Egypt. Alternate translation: "my father here to me"
"Joseph hugged his brother Benjamin, and they both wept"
In ancient Near East, it is common to greet a relative with a kiss. If your language has an affectionate greeting for a relative, use that. If not, use what is appropriate.
This means Joseph was crying while he kissed them.
Earlier they were too afraid to speak. Now they feel they can speak freely. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: "After that his brothers talked freely with him"
This is a quotation within a quotation. It can be stated as an indirect quotation. It may also be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "Everyone in Pharaoh's palace heard that Joseph's brothers had come."
This stands for Pharaoh's palace.
This is the beginning of a two-level quotation.
The two-level quotation that began in verse 17 ends here.
The two-level quotation that began in verse 17 ends here. This is a quotation within a quotation. It can be stated as an indirect quotation. "Pharaoh told Joseph to tell his brothers, 'Do this: Load your animals and go to the land of Canaan. Get your father and your households and come to me. I will give you the good of the land of Egypt, and you will eat the fat of the land.'" or "Pharaoh to Joseph to tell his brothers to do this: to load their animals and go to the land of Canaan, and also to get their father and their households and go to him. Pharaoh would give them the good of the land of Egypt, and they would eat the fat of the land."
"I will give you the best land in Egypt"
The best food that a land produces is spoken of as if it were the fat portion of the land. Alternate translation: "you will eat the best food in the land"
Pharaoh continues to tell Joseph what to tell his brothers.
This is the beginning of a two-level quotation.
This does not mean "at this moment," but is used to draw attention to the important point that follows.
This can be stated in active form. You may also need to add the words "to tell them," which the writer left out of this ellipsis. Alternate translation: "I also command you to tell them" or "also tell them"
"Carts" are wagons with two or four wheels. Animals pull the carts.
The two-level quote that began in verse 19 ends here.
The two-level quote that began in verse 19 ends here. This is a quotation within a quotation. It can be stated as an indirect quotation. "Now you are commanded to tell them to take carts out of the land of Egypt for their children and for their wives, to get their father, and to come. They are not to be concerned about their possessions, for the good of all the land of Egypt will be theirs."
"gave them what they needed for traveling"
Each man received a set of clothes except for Benjamin who received 5 sets of clothes.
"300 pieces"
The donkeys were included as part of the gift.
Possible meanings include 1) "do not argue" and 2) "do not become afraid"
It was common to use the word "up" when speaking of traveling from Egypt to Canaan.
Here "land of Egypt" stands for the people of Egypt. Alternate translation: "he rules all the people of Egypt"
Here "heart" stands for the whole person. Alternate translation: "and he was astonished" or "he was very surprised"
"he did not accept that what they said was true"
"They told Jacob"
"everything that Joseph had said to them"
The word "spirit" stands for the whole person. Alternate translation: "Jacob their father recovered" or "Jacob their father became very excited"
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Joseph wept loudly as he made himself known to his brothers.
Joseph wept loudly as he made himself known to his brothers.
The brothers could not answer Joseph for they were shocked.
God sent Joseph to Egypt to preserve life, and to preserve his family as a remnant in the earth.
God had made Joseph father to Pharaoh, lord of all Pharaoh's house, and ruler over all the land of Egypt.
Joseph told his family to come and live in the land of Goshen where he would provide for them.
Joseph told his family to come and live in the land of Goshen where he would provide for them.
Joseph told his family to come and live in the land of Goshen where he would provide for them.
Joseph told his brothers to hurry and bring his father to Egypt.
Pharaoh was very pleased, and he told Joseph to tell his brothers to bring their father and their households to live in the good of the land of Egypt.
Pharaoh was very pleased, and he told Joseph to tell his brothers to bring their father and their households to live in the good of the land of Egypt.
Pharaoh was very pleased, and he told Joseph to tell his brothers to bring their father and their households to live in the good of the land of Egypt.
Benjamin received three hundred pieces of silver and five changes of clothing, and Israel received twenty loaded donkeys.
Benjamin received three hundred pieces of silver and five changes of clothing, and Israel received twenty loaded donkeys.
Benjamin received three hundred pieces of silver and five changes of clothing, and Israel received twenty loaded donkeys.
Israel's heart was astonished, for he did not believe the brothers when they told him.
Israel said he wanted to see Joseph before he died.
Yahweh allowed Israel to go to Egypt. He was to trust in Yahweh and his covenant faithfulness. God continued to bless them in Egypt. (See: trust and covenant faithfulness and bless)
Because of the regular flooding of the Nile River, Egypt's economy revolved around farming more than raising animals. Therefore, the Egyptians despised the nomadic lifestyle of shepherds. Joseph's instructions permitted the Hebrew people to live separately from the Egyptians.
"came to Beersheba"
"Yes, I am listening"
It was common to use the phrase "go down" when speaking of traveling from Canaan to Egypt.
The "you" is singular and refers to Jacob. Here Jacob refers to his descendants that will become a large nation. Alternate translation: "I will give you many descendants, and they will become a great nation"
"to Egypt"
The promise was made to Jacob, but the promise would be fulfilled to all of Israel's descendants. Alternate translation: "I will surely bring your descendants out of Egypt again"
It was common to use the word "up" when speaking about traveling from Egypt to Canaan.
The phrase "close you eyes with his own hand" is a way of saying that Joseph will be present when Israel dies and it will be Joseph who will close Jacob's eyelids at the time of his death. Alternate translation: "Joseph will even be present with you at the time of your death"
It was a custom to pull down the eyelids when a person died with their eyes open. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit.
"set out from"
"Carts" are wagons with two or four wheels. Animals pull the carts. See how you translated "carts" in Genesis 45:19.
"they had acquired" or "they had gained"
"Jacob brought with him"
"his grandsons"
"his granddaughters"
This refers to the names of the people that the author is about to list.
These are all names of men.
These are all names of men.
These are all names of men.
These were the sons of Judah by his wife, Shua. See how you translated these names in Genesis 38:3-5.
These were the sons of Judah by his daughter-in-law, Tamar. See how you translated these names in Genesis 38:29-30.
These are all names of men.
These are all names of men. . "Jashub" is spelled as "Lob" or "Iob" in some verions.
These are all names of men.
This is the name of Leah's daughter. See how you translated this name in [Genesis 30:21]
Here "sons" and "daughters" refer to Jacob's sons, daughters, and grandchildren related to Leah. Alternate translation: "Altogether he had 33 sons, daughters, and grandchildren"
These are the names of men.
These are the names of men.
This is the name of a woman.
This is the name of Leah's female servant. See how you translated this name in [Genesis 29:24]
This refers to 16 children, grandchildren, and great-grandchildren that were related to Zilpah.
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a woman's name. See how you translated this in [Genesis 41:45]
a man's name. See how you translated this in [Genesis 41:45]
On is a city, also called Heliopolis, which was "the City of the Sun" and the center of worship of the sun god Ra. See how you translated this in [Genesis 41:45]
These are names of men.
This refers to the 14 sons and grandsons related to Rachel.
This is the name of a man.
These are the names of men.
This is the name of Rachel's female servant. See how you translated this name in [Genesis 29:29]
This refers to the 7 children and grandchildren related to Bilhah.
A person's "direct descendants" are natural sons, daughters, and grandchildren, not those who have become part of the family by marrying a direct descendant.
"66"
"70"
"to show them the way to Goshen"
Here "Joseph" stands for his servants. Alternate translation: "Joseph's servants prepared his chariot and Joseph went up"
The phrase "went up" is used because Joseph is traveling to a higher elevation to meet his father. Alternate translation: "went to meet Israel"
"put his arms around his father, and wept for a long time"
"Now I am ready to die" or "Now I will die happy"
Here "face" stands for the entire person. Jacob was expressing joy at seeing Joseph. Alternate translation: "since I have seen you alive again"
This is the beginning of a two-level quotation.
Here "house" stands for his family. Alternate translation: "his father's family" or "his father's household"
It was common to use the phrase "go up" when referring to someone going to speak with someone with greater authority. Alternate translation: "I will go tell Pharaoh"
The two-level quotation that began in verse 31 ends here.
The two-level quotation that began with the words "I will go up" in verse 31 ends here. This is a quotation within a quotation. It can be stated as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: "I will go up and tell Pharaoh and say that my brothers and my father's house, who were in the land of Canaan, have come to me. I will tell him that the men are shepherds, for they have been keepers of livestock, and that they have brought their flocks, their herds, and all that they have."
This is the beginning of a two-level quotation.
This phrase is used here to mark an important event that is about to happen in the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here.
The two-level quotation that began in verse 33 ends here.
The two-level quotation that began with the words "when Pharaoh ... asks" in verse 33 ends here. This is a quotation within a quotation. It can be stated as an indirect quotation. "when Pharaoh ... asks what your occupation is, that you should say that you have been keepers of livestock from your youth until now, both you and your forefathers. Do this"
Joseph's family are to refer to themselves as "your servants" when they speak to Pharaoh. This is a formal way of speaking to someone with greater authority. It can be stated in the first person. Alternate translation: "We, your servants"
The abstract noun "abomination" can be translated with the adjective "disgusting." Alternate translation: "Egyptians think shepherds are disgusting"
Israel offered sacrifices to the God of his father Isaac.
God promised to make Israel a great nation, to go with Israel to Egypt, to bring Israel up again from Egypt, and to have Joseph close his eyes.
God promised to make Israel a great nation, to go with Israel to Egypt, to bring Israel up again from Egypt, and to have Joseph close his eyes.
Israel and all his descendants with him went to Egypt.
Israel and all his descendants with him went to Egypt.
Israel and all his descendants with him went to Egypt.
Er and Onan died in the land of Canaan.
Seventy persons of the house of Jacob came to Egypt.
Joseph went up with his chariot and met his father Israel in Goshen.
Joseph hugged his father's neck and wept a long time.
The brothers were to tell Pharaoh that they were keepers of cattle from their youth.
Part of the Abrahamic covenant was that Yahweh would bless those who bless Abraham's descendants. Since Pharaoh cared for the Hebrew people, Yahweh blessed the Egyptians while the Hebrew people lived in Egypt. The Hebrew people also multiplied greatly as this covenant promised. (See: covenant and bless and promise)
In the ancient Near east, a person was typically buried in their hometown. Since Egypt was not the Israelites' home, Jacob did not wish to be buried in Egypt. This was a lesson to the Israelites that Canaan was their true home, the promised land. (See: Promised Land)
It is not clear whether Joseph went with his father and family from Canaan to Goshen and then alone from Goshen to see the Pharaoh, back to Goshen for his five brothers, and then back to Pharaoh, as the ULB implies, or whether he brought the five brothers with him the first time he went from Goshen to Pharaoh, as the UDB states.
It is not clear whether Joseph went with his father and family from Canaan to Goshen and then alone from Goshen to see the Pharaoh, back to Goshen for his five brothers, and then back to Pharaoh, as the ULB implies, or whether he brought the five brothers with him the first time he went from Goshen to Pharaoh, as the UDB states.
"Your servants shepherd flocks"
Joseph's brothers refer to themselves as "your servants." This is a formal way of speaking to someone with more authority. This can be stated in first person. Alternate translation: "We, your servants" or "We"
"both we and our forefathers" or "both we and our ancestors"
"We have come to stay for a while in Egypt"
"There is no grass to eat"
This does not mean "at this moment," but is used to draw attention to the important point that follows.
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"The land of Egypt is open to you" or "All of the land of Egypt is available to you"
"Settle your father and your brothers in the land of Goshen, which is the best region"
It is implied that they are capable of taking care of animals. Alternate translation: "If you know of any men among them who have great skill taking care of animals"
Here "blessed" means to express a desire for positive and beneficial things to happen to that person.
"How old are you?"
The phrase "years of my sojourning" refers to how long he has lived on the earth traveling from one place to another. Alternate translation: "I have lived as a foreigner in many places on the earth for 130 years"
Jacob means his life is short compared to the lives of Abraham and Isaac.
Jacob has experienced much pain and trouble during his life.
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"Then Joseph took care of his father and his brothers and helped them establish where they would live"
This is another name for the land of Goshen.
Here, the word "little ones" means the small children in the family. Alternate translation: "according to how many small children were in their families"
This word is used here to mark a stop in the main story. Here the author starts to tell a new part of the story.
This refers to the people living in these lands. Alternate translation: "The people of Egypt and the people of Canaan"
"became thin and weak"
"The people of Egypt and Canaan spent all of their money buying grain from Joseph"
Most likely Joseph ordered his servants to gather and bring the money.
Here "lands" stands for the people who live in the lands. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "When the people of Egypt and Canaan used up all their money"
"from the land of Egypt and from the land of Canaan"
The people used a question to emphasize how desperate they are to buy food. This question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: "Please, do not let us die because we have used up all of our money!"
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Here "bread" stands for food in general. Alternate translation: "He gave them food" or "He provided them with food"
"the people came to Joseph"
The people refer to Joseph as "my master." This is a formal way of speaking to someone with greater authority. It can be stated in second person. Alternate translation: "We will not hide from you, our master" or "We will not hide from you"
This double negative emphasizes that the speakers' bodies and land were the only things they had left. Alternate translation: "The only things we have left in the sight of my master is our bodies and our land"
Here "sight" stands for Joseph himself. Alternate translation: "We have nothing left to give you, our master"
The word "eyes" refers to Joseph's sight. The people use a question to emphasize how desperate they are to buy food. This question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: "Please do not just watch as we die and our land is ruined!"
The land becomes useless and ruined because there is no seed to plant; thus it is spoken of as if the land would die.
"So the land became Pharaoh's"
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"But he did not buy the land of the priests"
An "allowance" is an amount of money or food that someone regularly gives to another person. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "Pharaoh gave the priests a certain amount of food each day"
"They ate from what Pharaoh gave them"
"that you might sow"
The word "fifth" is a fraction. Alternate translation: "At harvest time you will divide the crops into five parts. You will give one part back to Pharaoh for payment and the four parts are for your own"
You can state clearly the understood information. Alternate translation: "for food for your households and for food for your little ones"
The phrase "find favor" is an idiom which means to be approved of by someone. Also, the eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. Alternate translation: "May you be pleased with us"
"over the land of Egypt" or "throughout the land of Egypt"
This means to the time that the author was writing this.
See how you translated "a fifth" in Genesis 47:24.
The word "multiplied" explains how they were "fruitful." Alternate translation: "They had very many children"
Here "fruitful" means to prosper or to have children.
"17 years"
"so Jacob lived to be 147 years old"
This speaks about time as if it travels and comes to a place. Alternate translation: "When it was almost time for Israel to die"
Here "eyes" is a metonym for sight, and "sight" stands for thoughts or opinions. Alternate translation: "If I have found favor with you" or "If I have pleased you"
This does not mean "at this moment," but is used to draw attention to the important point that follows.
This means that someone is approved of by someone else.
This act is a sign of making a serious promise. See how you translated this in [Genesis 24:2]
The abstract nouns "faithfulness" and "trustworthiness" can be translated as adjectives. Alternate translation: "treat me in a faithful and trustworthy manner"
The word "please" adds emphasis to this request.
This is a polite way of saying that he will die. Alternate translation: "When I die and join my family members who died before me"
"Promise me" or "Make an oath to me"
"promised him" or "made an oath to him"
The five brothers told Pharaoh their occupation was shepherding.
The brothers said they were temporary residents in the land of Egypt.
Pharaoh told Joseph to settle Joseph's family in the best region, the land of Goshen.
Jacob blessed Pharaoh when he met him and when he went out from his presence.
Jacob had lived one hundred thirty years.
Jacob said his life was not as long as his ancestors' lives.
Jacob blessed Pharaoh when he met him and when he went out from his presence.
Joseph was able to gather up all the money in the land of Egypt and in the land of Canaan.
Joseph was able to exchange food for all the livestock of the Egyptians.
Joseph was able to exchange food for all the livestock of the Egyptians.
The people of Egypt offered their land and themselves as servants of Pharaoh in exchange for more food.
The people of Egypt offered their land and themselves as servants of Pharaoh in exchange for more food.
Joseph required one fifth of the harvest to be given to Pharaoh.
The people of Israel gained possessions in the land of Egypt, and they were fruitful and multiplied rapidly.
Jacob died at the age of one hundred forty-seven.
Israel asked Joseph to swear he would bury Israel in his forefathers' burial place.
Some translations set poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to show that it is poetry. The ULB does this with the poetry in 48:15-16, and in 48:20.
The blessing of Jacob is given to Joseph, and his sons Manasseh and Ephraim. It is probably distinct from inheriting the promises Yahweh gave to Abraham because Scripture talks about all of Israel's descendants inheriting those promises. (See: bless and inherit and promise)
This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story.
"someone said to Joseph"
"Listen, your father." Here the word "look" is used to get Joseph's attention.
"So Joseph took"
This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "When someone told Jacob"
"your son Joseph has come to you"
Here the author speaks of Israel struggling to to sit up in bed as if he were gathering "strength" as someone gathers actual things. Alternate translation: "Israel made a great effort to sit up in bed" or "Israel struggled as he sat up in bed"
This is the name of a city. See how you translated the name of this city in [Genesis 28:19]
This can be translated with the new sentence starting in a different place. Alternate translation: "in the land of Canaan, and he blessed me"
This refers to God pronouncing a formal blessing on someone.
This can be translated with the new sentence starting in a different place. Alternate translation: "And he said to me"
This is a quotation within a quotation. It can be stated as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: "said to me that he would make me fruitful and multiply me. And, he said that he would make me an assembly of nations and he would give this land to my descendants as an everlasting possession."
God used the word "behold" here to alert Jacob to pay attention to what he was about to tell him.
The phrase "multiply you" explains how God would make Jacob "fruitful." Alternate translation: "I will give you very many descendants"
Here "you" refers to Jacob, but it stands for Jacob's descendants. Alternate translation: "I will make your descendants into many nations"
"a permanent possession"
This does not mean "at this moment," but is used to draw attention to the important point that follows.
Ephraim and Manasseh each will receive a portion of land just like Joseph's brothers.
Possible meanings are 1)the rest of Joseph's children would inherit land as part of the tribes of Ephraim and Manasseh or 2) Joseph will be given separate land from Ephraim and Manasseh and Joseph's other children will inherit that land. Alternate translation: "as for their inheritance, you will list them under the names of their brothers"
This is another name for the town of Bethlehem. See how you translated the name of this city in Genesis 35:16.
"Whose sons are these?"
A father would often pronounce a formal blessing on his children or grandchildren.
The word "Now" is used here to mark a change from the story to background information about Israel.
"Israel kissed them"
Here "face" stands for the whole person. Alternate translation: "to see you again"
When Joseph placed his sons on Israel's lap or knees it was a sign that Israel was adopting them. This gave the children special inheritance rights from Jacob.
Joseph bowed down to show honor to his father.
Joseph places the boys so that Israel will put his right hand on Manasseh. Manasseh was the oldest brother and the right hand was the sign he would receive the greater blessing.
Placing the right hand on Ephraim's head was the sign that he would receive the greater blessing.
Here "Joseph" also stands for Ephraim and Manasseh. Since Joseph is the father, he is the only one mentioned here.
Serving God is spoken of as if it were walking before God. Alternate translation: "The God who my grandfather Abraham and father Isaac served"
God has taken care of Israel like a shepherd takes care of his sheep. Alternate translation: "who has cared for me like a shepherd cares for his animals"
These words could refer to 1) the angel that God sent to protect Jacob or 2) God, who appeared in angel form to protect Jacob.
"delivered me"
Here "name" stands for the person. The phrase "my name be named in them" is an idiom that means a person is remembered because of another person. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "May people remember Abraham, Isaac, and me because of Ephraim and Manasseh"
Here "they" refers to Ephraim and Manasseh, but it stands for their descendants. Alternate translation: "May they have many descendants who will live all over the earth"
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The right hand was the sign of the greater blessing which the oldest son was supposed to receive.
Here "He" refers to Manasseh, but it stands for his descendants. Alternate translation: "Your older son will have many descendants, and they will become a great people"
"that day, saying"
"The people of Israel will speak your names when they are blessing others"
This is a quotation within a quotation. It can be stated as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: "by your names. They will ask God to make others like Ephraim and like Manasseh"
Israel saying Ephraim's name first is another way he indicates that Ephraim will be greater than Manasseh.
Giving Ephraim the greater blessing and making him more important than Manasseh is spoken of as if Israel physically put Ephraim in front of Manasseh.
Here "you" and "your" are plural and refer to all the people of Israel.
This is an idiom that means God will help and bless the people of Israel. Alternate translation: "God will help you" or "God will bless you"
Here "bring" can be translated as "take."
"land of your ancestors"
Possible meanings are 1) Joseph having more honor and authority than his brothers is spoken of as if he were physically above them. Alternate translation: "To you, who is greater than your brothers, I give the mountain slope" or 2) Jacob means he is giving more land to Joseph than he is giving to Joseph's brothers. Alternate translation: "To you, I give one more ridge than I give your brothers. I give to you the mountain slope"
Here "you" is singular and refers to Joseph.
Here "sword" and "bow" stands for fighting in battle. Alternate translation: "the portion of land I fought for and took from the Amorites"
Joseph heard that his father was sick, so he took with him his two sons.
Jacob recalled that God promised him he would be fruitful and multiply, he would be made an assembly of nations, and the land of Canaan would be an everlasting possession of his descendants.
Jacob said he would consider the two sons of Joseph as his own.
Jacob said he would consider the two sons of Joseph as his own.
Israel did not recognize Joseph's two sons because his eyes were failing because of his age.
Israel did not recognize Joseph's two sons because his eyes were failing because of his age.
Israel did not recognize Joseph's two sons because his eyes were failing because of his age.
Manasseh was the first-born of Joseph's sons.
Israel put his right hand on Ephraim, and his left hand on Manasseh.
Joseph expected Israel's right hand to be on Manasseh because he was the first-born.
Joseph expected Israel's right hand to be on Manasseh because he was the first-born.
Israel refused because the younger brother would be greater than the first-born.
Israel said the people of Israel would pronounce the blessing, "May God make you like Ephraim and like Manasseh".
Israel said that Joseph would be brought back to the land of his fathers.
Some translations set poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to show that it is poetry. The ULB does this with the poetry in 49:1-27.
These statements made by Jacob to his sons are probably prophecies. These prophecies are concerned with the descendants of each of Jacob's sons who would become the twelve tribes of Israel. (See: prophet)
This prophecy indicates Judah will be the ruling tribe of Israel. The future kings of Israel all come from the tribe of Judah.
Since Moses wrote the book of Genesis, this is an editorial comment he makes in the text as the narrator.
This begins Jacob's final blessings to his sons. This continues through Genesis 49:27. Jacob's blessings are written in poetic form.
Both sentences say the same thing for emphasis. Alternate translation: "Come and listen carefully to your father"
Jacob is referring to himself in the third person. It can be stated in the first person. Alternate translation: "my sons. Listen to me, your father"
The phrases "my firstborn, my might" and "the beginning of my strength" mean the same thing. The words "might" and "strength" stand for Jacob's ability to produce children. The words "firstborn" and "beginning" mean that Reuben is his first child. Alternate translation: "my first child after I became a man"
This can be stated as a new sentence. Alternate translation: "You are first in honor and power" or "You surpass everyone else in honor and power"
Jacob compares Reuben to water in a strong current to emphasize that he cannot control his anger and he is not stable.
"you shall not be first among your brothers"
Here "bed" and "couch" stand for Jacob's concubine, Bilhah. Jacob is referring to when Reuben slept with Bilhah
Both statements mean the same thing.
This does not just mean they are brothers by birth. Jacob is emphasizing that they worked together to kill the people of Shechem.
"They use their swords to hurt and to kill people"
Jacob uses the words "soul" and "glory" to refer to himself and is saying that other people, and perhaps God also, honor him so much that he does not wish to join with those who make plans to do evil.
This refers to Simeon and Levi crippling oxen just for fun.
This refers to cutting the sinews of an animal's leg so that it cannot walk.
God cursing Simeon and Levi is spoken of as if God were cursing their anger and fury. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "The Lord says, 'I will curse them because of their fierce anger and their cruel fury" or "I, the Lord, will curse them because of their fierce anger and their cruel fury"
In prophecy, the prophet will often speak the words of God as if God himself were speaking. This emphasizes how closely united the prophet and God are.
The words "I will curse" are understood. Alternate translation: "I will curse their fury, for it was cruel"
The word "I" refers to God. The word "them" refers to Simeon and Levi but they are a metonym standing for their descendants. The words "Jacob" and "Israel" are a metonym standing for all people of Israel. Alternate translation: "I will divide their descendants and scatter them among all the people of Israel"
These two statements mean the same thing.
The second sentence states the reason for the first sentence. This can be made clear with "for" or "because." Alternate translation: "will praise you. For your hand" or "will praise you because your hand"
This is a way of saying "You will conquer your enemies."
This means to bend over to humbly express respect and honor toward someone.
Jacob speaks about Judah as if he were a lion's cub. Jacob is emphasizing Judah's strength. Alternate translation: "Judah is like a young lion"
"You, my son, have come back from eating your prey"
Jacob also compares Judah to a female lion. The lioness is the primary hunter and protector of her cubs.
Jacob uses a question to emphasize how terrifying Judah is to other people. Alternate translation: "No one wants to wake him up."
The "scepter" and the "staff" are long decorated sticks that kings carried. Here they are metonymies that stand for the power to rule. And, "Judah" stands for his descendants. Alternate translation: "The power to rule will always be with the descendants of Judah"
Possible meanings are 1) "Shiloh" means "tribute." Alternate translation: "until the nations obey him and bring him tribute" or 2) "Shiloh" refers to the city of Shiloh. Alternate translation: "until the ruler comes to Shiloh. Then the nations will obey him" Many people consider this a prophecy about the Messiah, who is a descendant of King David. David is a descendant of Judah.
Here "nations" refer to the people. Alternate translation: "The people of the nations will obey him"
Both statements mean the same thing. It is implied that the vines are so full of grapes that the master does not mind that his donkey eats some of them.
Possible meanings for all occurrences of "his" or "he" are 1) they refer to Judah's descendants. Alternate translation: "their ... they" or 2) they refer to the ruler in Genesis 49:10, which may refer to the Messiah.
Both statements mean the same thing. It implies that there are so many grapes that they can wash their clothes in the juice.
Often in prophecy events that will happen in the future are described as something that has already happened in the past. This emphasizes that this event will certainly happen. Alternate translation: "they will wash" or "he will wash"
This speaks about the grape juice as if it were blood. This emphasizes how red the juice is.
This refers to the color of a person's eyes to the red color of wine. Possible meanings are 1) dark eyes imply healthy eyes or 2) people eyes will be red from drinking too much of wine.
This compare the color of the person's teeth to the white color of milk. This implies that there will be so many healthy cows they will have much milk to drink.
This refers to the descendants of Zebulun. Alternate translation: "The descendants of Zebulun will live"
Here "He" stands for sea towns that the people of Zebulun will inhabit or build. These cities will provide shelter for ships.
a part of the sea that is next to land and is a safe place for ships
Jacob speaks about Issachar and his descendants as if they are a donkey. This emphasizes that they will work very hard. Alternate translation: "The descendants of Issachar will be like a strong donkey"
Often in prophecy events that will happen in the future are described as something that is already happening. This emphasizes that the event will certainly happen. It can be stated in the future tense. Alternate translation: "Issachar will be" or "The descendants of Issachar will be"
Possible meanings are 1) "lying down between the packs they were carrying" or 2) "lying down between two sheep pens." Either way, Jacob speaks about Issachar's descendants as if they are donkeys that have worked hard and are lying down to rest.
These words refer to the descendants of Issachar
"a resting place that is good and that the land is pleasant"
The phrase "bend his shoulder to the burden" is a way of saying "work very hard to carry the load"
"will work for others as slaves"
Here "Dan" stands for his descendants. Alternate translation: "The descendants of Dan will judge their people"
Possible meanings for "his people" are 1) "the people of Dan" or 2) "the people of Israel"
Jacob speaks about Dan and his descendants as if they were snakes. Though a snake is small, it can bring down a rider off his horse. So Dan, though a small tribe, is very dangerous to its enemies. Alternate translation: "The descendants of Dan will be like a snake beside the road"
The abstract noun "salvation" can be translated as "save." Alternate translation: "I wait for you, Yahweh, to save me"
The word "I" refers to Jacob.
Here "Gad" stands for his descendants. Alternate translation: "The descendants of Gad ... attack them, but they"
Here "heels" stands for the raiders who are running away from the descendants of Gad.
Here "Asher" stands for his descendants. Alternate translation: "Asher's descendants' food ... and they"
Here "rich" is a way of saying "delicious."
Here "Naphtali" stands for his descendants. Alternate translation: "The descendants of Naphtali are ... they will"
Jacob speaks about the descendants of Naphtali as if they were a female deer that is free to run. This may emphasize that they will be swift messengers. Alternate translation: "The descendants of Naphtali will be like deer set free"
A "fawn" is a baby deer. The meaning of the Hebrew word is unclear. Some versions translate it as "have beautiful words" or "speak beautiful things"
Here "Joseph" is a metonym that stands for his descendants. Jacob speaks about them as if they were a tree branch that produces a lot of fruit. This emphasizes that they will greatly increase in number. Alternate translation: "The descendants of Joseph are a fruitful bough"
a main branch of a tree
Branches that grow and extend over a wall are spoken of as if they were climbing.
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Jacob continues to bless Joseph and his descendants.
The person holding the bow steady is spoken of as if the bow itself will remain steady. It is implied he is holding it steady as he aims at his enemy. Alternate translation: "he will hold his bow steady as he aims at his enemy"
Here "his" refers to Joseph who stands for his descendants. Alternate translation: "their bow ... their hands"
Here the whole person is represented by the "hands" since they are used to hold the bow. Alternate translation: "his arms will remain strong as he aims his bow"
The "hands" are expressing the power of Yahweh. Alternate translation: "the power of the Mighty One"
Here "name" refers to the entire person. Alternate translation: "because of the Shepherd"
Jacob speak of Yahweh as if he were a "Shepherd." This emphasizes that Yahweh guides and protects his people.
Jacob speaks of Yahweh as if he were a "Rock" that people can climb upon to find safety from enemies. This emphasizes that Yahweh protects his people.
Jacob continues to bless Joseph and his descendants (Genesis 49:22-23).
Here "you" refers to Joseph who stands for his descendants. Alternate translation: "help your descendants ... bless them"
Here "sky" stands for the rain that helps the crops to grow.
Here "deep" stands for the water underneath the ground that supplies rivers and wells.
Here "breasts and womb" stand for the ability for a mother to have children and feed them milk.
Jacob continues to bless Joseph and his descendants.
The meaning of the original language is not certain. Some Bible translations have "my ancestors" instead of "ancient mountains."
Here "they" refers to the blessings of his father.
Jacob desires for these blessings to be passed on to even the most important of his descendants. Alternate translation: "on the head of the most important of Joseph's descendants"
"most important of his brothers"
Here "Benjamin" is a metonym that stands for his descendants. Jacob speaks about Benjamin's descendants as if they were a hungry wolf. This emphasizes that they will be fierce warriors. Alternate translation: "The descendants of Benjamin will be like hungry wolves"
"These" refers to the sons Jacob mentioned in 49:1-27. Each son became the leader of his own tribe.
Here the word "blessed" refers to the speaking of formal blessings.
"He gave each son a fitting blessing"
"he commanded them"
This is a polite way of saying he is about to die. Alternate translation: "I am about to die"
Jacob is referring to where his inner man will go when he dies. He expects to join Abraham and Isaac in the afterlife.
This is the name of a man. "Hittite" means "descendent of Heth." See how you translated this in [Genesis 23:8]
Machpelah was the name of an area or region. See how you translated this in [Genesis 23:9]
This was another name for the city of Hebron. It may have been named after Mamre, the friend of Abraham who lived there. See how you translated this in [Genesis 13:18]
Jacob continues speaking to his sons.
The purchase can be made explicit. Alternate translation: "in it were purchased by Abraham"
"from the Hittites"
"finished instructing his sons" or "finished commanding his sons"
Jacob was sitting on the bed. Now, Jacob turns and puts his feet in the bed so he can lie down.
This is a polite way of saying a person died.
After Jacob died, his inner man went to the same place as his relatives who died before him.
Jacob gathered his sons together to tell them what would happen to them and their descendants in the future.
Reuben was outstanding in dignity and power.
Reuben would not have the pre-eminence because he defiled his father's bed.
Jacob cursed the fierce and cruel anger of Simeon and Levi.
Jacob said his others sons would bow down before Judah.
Judah was promised that the sceptre would not depart from him until Shiloh came, and that the nations would obey him.
Jacob said the descendants of Zebulun would live by the shore of the sea.
Jacob said Dan would be like a poisonous snake.
Jacob said Asher would be known for providing royal delicacies.
Jacob said Joseph would be like a fruitful bough whose branches climb over a wall.
Jacob said the hands of the mighty one of Jacob, the Rock of Israel would keep Joseph's bow steady and his hands skillful.
Abraham, Sarah, Isaac, Rebekah, and Leah were already buried there.
Jacob breathed his last and went to his people.
Embalming was practiced in Egypt on very important people when they died. They removed the liquids from the body then wrapped it in an attempt to preserve the body from decay.
Joseph's character was so upright that Pharaoh's officials went with him to Canaan to bury Jacob. This was a very large funeral procession. He also learned lessons from earlier in his life and unified his family. (See: righteous)
The term "he collapsed" is an idiom for being overcome. Alternate translation: "that he fell on his father in grief"
"his servants who took care of dead bodies"
To "embalm" is a special way of preserving a dead body before it is buried. Alternate translation: "to prepare his father's body for burial"
"They took 40 days"
"70 days"
A three-level quotation is introduced with the words "Joseph spoke ... saying." The second level begins with the words "If now I have found favor in your eyes, please speak to Pharaoh, saying."
"days of mourning him" or "days of weeping for him"
Here "house of Pharaoh" stands for the officials that make up Pharaoh's royal court. Alternate translation: "Joseph spoke to Pharaoh's officials"
The phrase "find favor" is an idiom which means to be approved of by someone. Also, the eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. Alternate translation: "If I have found favor with you" or "If you are pleased with me"
The three-level quotation that began with the words "Joseph spoke ... saying" in verse 4 continues. The second level of that quotation, which began with the words "If now I have found favor in your eyes, please speak to Pharaoh, saying" in verse 4 continues.
This is the second level of the three-level quotation that begins with the words "If now I have" in verse 4. It contains a quote within it. This embedded quote can be translated as an indirect quote. "My father made me swear, saying that he was about to die and that I was to bury him in his tomb that he dug for himself in the land of Canaan. I was to bury him there. Now let me go up ... I will return." The entire second-level quotation can also be translated as an indirect quote. "If now I have found favor in your eyes, please speak to Pharaoh and tell him that my father made me swear, saying that he was about to die and that I was to bury him in his tomb that he dug for himself in the land of Canaan. I was to bury him there. Now let me go up ... I will return."
This is the third level of the three-level quotation that begins with the words "If now I have" in verse 4.
"See, I am dying"
It was common to use the phrase "go up" when speaking of traveling from Egypt to Canaan.
It is implied that the members of the court spoke to Pharaoh, and now Pharaoh is replying to Joseph.
"as you swore to him"
It was common to use the phrase "went up" when speaking of traveling from Egypt to Canaan.
All of Pharaoh's most important leaders attended the burial procession.
These were probably government officials, not household servants.
Here "household" refers to Pharaoh's royal court.
This can be translated as a new sentence: "Joseph's household, his brothers, and his father's household also went with him"
Here this stands for the men riding in the chariots.
"It was a very large gathering"
The word "they" refers to the participants in the burial procession.
Possible meanings are 1) the word "Atad" means "thorn" and it may refer to a place where large amounts of thorns grew, or 2) it may be the name of the person who owns the threshing floor.
"they were extremely sad and they mourned very much"
"a 7-day"
Possible meanings are 1) "on the threshing floor that belonged to a man named Atad" or "in the threshing floor at a place called Atad"
"The mourning of the Egyptians is very great"
The translator can add a footnote that says: "The name Abel Mizraim means "the mourning of Egypt.'"
"So Jacob's sons"
"just as he had directed them"
"His sons took his body"
Machpela was the name of an area or region. See how you translated this in [Genesis 23:9]
This was another name for the city of Hebron. It may have been named after Mamre, the friend of Abraham who lived there. See how you translated this in [Genesis 13:18]
This is the name of a man. "Hittite" means "descendent of Heth." See how you translated this in [Genesis 23:8]
"Joseph returned to Egypt"
"all who had come with him"
Here anger is spoken of as if it was something physical that Joseph could hold in his hands. Alternate translation: "What if Joseph is actually still angry with us"
Avenging oneself against someone who harmed him is spoken of as if the person were paying they other person what they are owed. Alternate translation: "wants revenge for the evil thing we did to him"
A three-level quotation begins with the words "Your father gave."
Jacob was the father of all the brothers. Here they say "your father" to emphasize that Joseph needs to pay attention to what his father said. Alternate translation: "Before our father died he said"
The three-level quotation that begins with the words "Your father gave" in verse 16 ends here.
The three-level quotation that begins with the words "Your father gave" in verse 16 ends here. This is the second-level quotation, and it contains a third-level quotation that can be stated as an indirect quotation. "Tell Joseph to please forgive your transgression and your sin when you did evil to him." Both the second-level and third-level quotations can be translated as indirect quotations. "Your father instructed us before he died to tell you to please forgive our transgression and our sin when we did evil to you."
"for the wicked things they did to you"
This does not mean "at this moment," but is used to draw attention to the important point that follows.
The brothers are referring to themselves as "the servants of the God of your father." This can be stated in first person. Alternate translation: "please forgive us, the servants of the God of our father"
"Joseph wept when he heard this message"
They lay down with their faces toward the ground. This is a sign of humility and respect for Joseph.
Joseph uses a question to comfort his brothers. Alternate translation: "I am not in the place of God." or "I am not God."
"you intended to do evil against me"
"God intended it for good"
"So do not fear me"
"I will always make sure you and your children have enough to eat"
Here "hearts" refers to the brothers. Alternate translation: "He comforted them by speaking kindly to them"
"110 years"
"Ephraim's children and grandchildren"
This is the name of Joseph's grandson.
This expression means that Joseph adopted these children of Machir as his own children. This means they would have special inheritance rights from Joseph.
In [Genesis 50:24/26]
It was common to use the word "up" when speaking of traveling from Egypt to Canaan. Alternate translation: "bring you out of this land and take you to the land"
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"one hundred and ten years"
To "embalm" is a special way of preserving a dead body before it is buried. See how you translated "embalmed" in Genesis 50:1.
This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "they placed him"
"in a chest" or "in a case." This is a box a dead person is placed in.
Joseph had Israel's body embalmed.
Joseph had Israel's body embalmed.
Joseph requested to be able to go to the land of Canaan to bury his father, as his father had made him swear.
Joseph requested to be able to go to the land of Canaan to bury his father, as his father had made him swear.
Joseph requested to be able to go to the land of Canaan to bury his father, as his father had made him swear.
All the officials of Pharaoh, the courtiers of his household, the senior officials of Egypt, Joseph's household, Joseph's brothers, his father's household, and chariots and horsemen all went with Joseph.
All the officials of Pharaoh, the courtiers of his household, the senior officials of Egypt, Joseph's household, Joseph's brothers, his father's household, and chariots and horsemen all went with Joseph.
All the officials of Pharaoh, the courtiers of his household, the senior officials of Egypt, Joseph's household, Joseph's brothers, his father's household, and chariots and horsemen all went with Joseph.
The Canaanites said that this was a very sad occasion for the Egyptians.
Joseph and his brothers returned into Egypt.
Joseph's brothers were worried that Joseph would repay them for all the evil the brothers had done to Joseph.
The brothers asked Joseph to forgive them for the wrongs they had committed against Joseph.
When they came to Joseph, Joseph's brothers fell down before him.
Joseph said God had worked the good of preserving the lives of many people.
Joseph lived one hundred ten years.
Joseph said that he was about to die.
Joseph said God would come to the people and lead them up to the land God promised to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob.
Joseph made them swear they would carry Joseph's bones from Egypt when they left Egypt.
Joseph's body was embalmed and put in a coffin in Egypt.
“ሁሉን ቻይ” የሚለው ቃል በቃል “ኃይል ሁሉ የእርሱ የሆነ” ማለት ሲሆን መጽሐፍ ቅዱስ ውስጥ ሁሉም የሚያመልክተው እግዚኣብሔርን ነው።
ሄሮድያዳ መጥምቁ ዮሐንስ ባገለገለበት ዘመን ይሁዳን እየገዛ የነበረው ንጉሥ ሄሮድስ (አንቲጳስ) ሚስት ነበረች።
ሄኖክ የሁለት የብሉይ ኪዳን ሰዎች ስም ነው።
ሆሴዕ ከክርስቶስ 750 ዓመት በፊት የእስራኤል ነቢይ ነበር።
ሆሺያ (ሆሴዕ) በይሁዳ ነገሥታት በአካዝና በሕዝቅያስ ግዛት ዘመን ለዘጠኝ ዓመት የእስራኤል ንጉሥ ነበር።
መጽሐፍ ቅዱስ በተጻፈበት ዘመን፣ “ለምጽ” የተለያዩ የቆዳ በሽታዎችን ያመለክት ነበር። አንድ ሰው ከእነዚህ የቆዳ በሽታዎች በአንዱ ከተያዘ ርኵስ ተብሎ ይቆጠር ነበር።
ይህ አገላለጽ የሚያመለክተው እግዚአብሔር ለሕዝቡ የሰጠውን ተስፋ ለመፈጸም ታማኝ መሆኑን ነው።
ሉቃስ አዲስ ኪዳን ውስጥ ያሉ ሁለት መጻሕፍት የሉቃስ ወንጌልና የሐዋርያት ሥራ ጸሐፊ ነው።
“ሊቀ ካህን” የሚለው ቃል የሚያመለክተው የተቀሩት እስራኤላውያን ካህናት መሪ በመሆን ለአንድ ዓመት እንዲያገለግል የተሾመ የተለየ ካህንን ያመለክታል።
ሊባኖስ ከእስራኤል በስተ ሰሜን ሜዲትራንያን ባሕር ዳርቻ የምትገኝ በጣም የምታምር ተራራማ ቦታ ናት። መጽሐፍ ቅዱስ በተጻፈበት ዘመን ይህ አካባቢ ጥቅጥቅ ባሉት ደኖቹም ይታወቅ ነበር።
ላሜሕ ዘፍጥረት ውስጥ የተጠቀሱ የሁለት ሰዎች ስም ነው።
“ከብት” የሚለው ሳር የሚበሉ በዋነኛነት ደረጃ ለሚሰቱት ሥጋና ወተት ሰዎች የሚያረቧቸው ባለ አራት እግር የእርሻ እንስሳት ናቸው። እንዲህ ካሉት እንስሳት እንስቷ “ላም” ስትባል፣ ተባዕቱ፣ “ወይፈን” ከእነርሱ የሚወለደው፣ “ጥጃ” ይባላል።
ብሉይ ኪዳን ውስጥ ላባን የያዕቆብ አጎትና አማት ነበር።
“ላከ” አንድ ሰው ወይም አንድ ነገር ወደ ሌላ ቦታ እንዲሄድ ማድረግ ማለት ነው። አንድን ሰው፣ “መላክ” አንድን ነገር እንዲያደርግ ወይም አንድን ተልዕኮ እንዲፈጽም መናገር ወይም ማዘዝ ማለት ነው
“ሌባ” ወይም፣ “ወንበዴ” ገንዘብ ወይም ንብረት ከሌሎች የሚሰርቅ ሰው ነው። በብዙ ቁጥር ሲሆን፣ “ሌቦች” ይሆናል።
“ሌዋታን” የሚለው ቃል በቀደሙት የብሉይ ኪዳን መጻሕፍት የተጠቀሰ በጣም ግዙፍና አሁን የማይገኝ አውሬ ነው።
ሌዋዊ የሌዊ ዘር የሆነ የእስራኤል ማኅበረ ሰብ አባል ነው።
መጽሐፍ ቅዱስ ውስጥ፣ “ልሳን” በርካታ ምሳሌያዊ ትርጕሞች አሉት።
ልስጥራ በአንዱ ሐዋርያዊ ጕዞው ጳውሎስ የጎበኛት ታናሽ እስያ ውስጥ የነበረች ከተማ ስም ነው። የምትገኘው የአሁንዋ ቱርክ ባለችበት ሊቃኦንያ አካባቢ ነበር።
መጽሐፍ ቅዱስ ውስጥ ልብ የሰውን ሐሳብ፣ ስሜት፣ ፍላጎት ወም ፈቃድ ለማመልከት ብዙውን ጊዜ በምሳሌያዊ መልኩ ጥቅም ላይ ይውላል።
“ልዑል እግዚአብሔር” ከእግዚአብሔር መጠሪያዎች አንዱ ሲሆን፣ የእርሱን ታላቅነትና ሥልጣን ያመለክታል።
“ልዑል” የሚባለው የንጉሥ ልጅ ነው። ሌሎችን መሪዎች ለማመልከትም ጥቅም ላይ ይውላል። “ልዕልት” የንጉሥ ልጅ ናት።
የአንድ አገር ሴት ገዢ ወይም የንጉሥ ልጅ ልትሆን ትችላለች። ማዳፈን “ማዳፈን” የሚለው ቃል አንድ ነገር ማጥፋት ወይም መርካት የሚፈልግን ነገር ማስቆም ማለት ነው።
ልያ ከያዕቆብ ሚስቶች አንኳ ነበረች። የዐሥር ወንዶች ልጆች እናት ስትሆን ዐሥሩ ልጆች ከእስራኤል ነገዶች የተወሰኑት ነበሩ።
“ልጅነት” የተሰኘው ቃል አንድን ሰው በተፈጥሮ ወላጆቹ ያልሆኑ ሰዎች ሕጋዊ ልጅ የማድረግ ሂደት ያመለክታል።
“ልጅ” የሚለው ቃል ከወላጆቹ ጋር ካለው ግንኙነት አንፃር ትንሽ ልጅን ወይም ሰውን ያመለክታል። የአንድ ሰው ወንድ ወይም ሴት ልጅ ወይም እንደ ልጅ የተቀበለውን ሰው ያመለክታል
መጽሐፍ ቅዱስ ውስጥ፣ “ልጅ” የሚለው ቃል ሕፃንን ጨምሮ በአጠቃላይ በዕድሜ ወጣት የሆነውን ያመለክታል። “ልጆች” የብዙ ቊጥር ሲሆን፣ ጥቂት ምሳሌያዊ ጠቀሜታዎችም አሉት።
ይህ አባባል መንፈሳዊ ልጆች የሆኑ ሰዎችንም ያመለክታል። ለምሳሌ፣ “የእግዚአብሔር ልጆች” ሲባል በኢየሱስ በማመን የእግዚአብሔር የሆኑ ሰዎችን ያመለክታል።
መጽሐፍ ቅዱስ ውስጥ ሎጥ የአብርሃም ወንድም ልጅ ነበር።
ሐማት ከምድረ ከነዓን በስተ ሰሜናዊ ሶርያ ውስጥ ትገኝ የነበረች በጣም ጠቃሚ ከተማ ናት። በዚህ ዘመን የከተማዋ ስም ሐማ ይባላል።
ሐሜት ከሰዎች በስተጀርባ ሆነው እነርሱ በተመለከተ የሚናገሩት አፍራሽና አሉታዊ ቃል ነው። ብዙውን ጊዜ በእንዲህ ያለ መልኩ የተነገረው እውነት ሆኖ አይገኝም።
“ሐምራዊ” የሰማያዊና የቀይ ቅልቅል የሆነ ቀለም ስም ነው። ልብስን በዚህ ቀለም ማቅለም በጣም ውድና ሰፊ ጊዜ የሚጠይቅ በመሆኑ ሐምራዊ ልብስ የሀብት፣ የከበሬታና የንጉሣዊነት ምልክት ተደርጎ ይወሰድ ነበር።
ሐሤት በደስታን በፍስሐ መሞላት፣ እጅግ በጣም ደስ መሰኘት ማለት ነው፥
ሐራን የአብርሃም ታናሽ ወንድምና የሎጥ አባት ነበር።
ሐሰተኛ ነብይ በማወቅም ይሁን ባለማወቅ ከእግዚአብሔር ያልተቀበለውን መልእክት ከእግዚአብሔር እንደተቀበለ የሚናገር ሰው ነው።
ሐሰተኛ አምላክ በአንዱ እውነተኛ አምላክ ቦታ ሰዎች የሚያመልኩት ነገር ነው። ወንድ ጣዖት እንዳለ ሁሉ ሴት ጥዖትም አለች።
ሐና ብሉይ ኪዳኑ ውስጥ የነቢዩ ሳሙኤል እናት ናት። ከሕልቃና ሚስቶች አንዷ ነበረች።
ሐና ከ6-15 ዓ፤ም ከ10 ዓመት በእየሩሳሌም የነበረ አይሁዳዊ ሊቀ ካህን ነው፤ይሁን እንጂ በኋላ ላይ ሮማውያን ከሊቀ ካህንነቱ አንስተውታል፤ያም ሆኖ በአይሁድ ዘንድ የነበርው ተደማጭነት መሪ በመሆን ቀጥሎ ነበር።
ሐዋርያት ስለ እግዚአበሔር ስለ መንግሥቱ ለሰዎች እንዲሰበኩ እየሱስ የላካቸው ሰዎች ነበሩ፤ሐዋርያነት የሚለው ቃል ሐዋርያነት ለመሆን የተመረጡ ሰወች የነበራቸውን ቦታና ስልጣን ያመለክታል።
ሞትንና ሰዎች ሲሞቱ የሚሄዱበትን ቦታ ለማመልከትት “ሐዴስ” እና “ሲኦል” የተሰኙት ቃሎች ጥቅም ላይ ውለዋል። የሁለቱም ትርጕም ተመሳሳይ ነው።
ሐጌ እስራኤል ከባቢሎን ምርኮ ከተመለሱ በኋላ የነበረ የይሁዳ ነቢይ ነበር።
ይህ የመጀመሪያዋ ሴት ስም ነበር። የስሟ ትርጉም፣ “ሕይወት” ወይም፣ “ሕያው” ማለት ነው።
ሕልም ሰዎች ተኝተው እያለ የሚያዩት ወይም አእምሮአቸው ውስጥ የሚለማመዱት ነገር ነው።
ሕዝቅኤል ብዙ አይሁድ ወደባቢሎን በተወሰዱበት የምርኮ ወቅት የነበረ የእግዚአብሔር ነብይ ነው።
ሕዝቅያስ 13ኛው የይሁዳ ንጉሥ ነበር። በእግዚአብሔር የሚታመንና ለእርሱ የሚታዘዝ ንጉሥ ነበር።
ሕዝብ የሚባለው በአንድ ዐይነት መንግሥታዊ አስተዳደር የሚመራ የሰዎች ስብስብ ነው። ብዙውን ጊዜ በዘር፣ በነገድ፣ በቋንቋና በሌሎችም ባሕርዮች የሚመሳሰሉ ሰዎችን ያካትታል።
እነዚህ ቃሎች ሁሉ የሚመለከቱት በሕይወት መሆንን፣ አለመሞትን ነው። መንፈሳዊ ሕያውነትን ለማመልከትም ጥቅም ላይ ይውላሉ። “ሥጋዊ ሕይወት” እና፣ “መንፈሳዊ ሕይወት” ሁለቱም ሕይወት ቢሆኑም፣ አንዱ ጊዜያዊ ሌላው ግን ዘላለማዊ ነው።
ሕጋዊ የሆነ ነገር አሳሪ ከሆነው ደንብ ወይም ሕግ መሠረት የተደረገ ወይም ከእርሱ ጋር የሚስማማ ማለት ነው።
ሕግ ሆን ተብሎ በጽሑፍ የሰፈረና ሥልጣን ባለው አምላክ የሚያስፈጽመው መደበኛ መመሪያ ነው። ሥርዐት (መርሕ) ውሳኔዎችን ለማድረግ መመሪያ ወይም መመዘኛ ነው።
“ዐመፃ” ለማንኛውም ሕግ ወይም ደንብ አለመታዘዝ ማለት ነው። ሕግ አፍራሽነት፣ “ዐመፃ” ሊባል ይችላል።
እነዚህ ቃሎች ሁሉ እስራኤላውያን እንደታዘዟቸው እግዚአብሔር ለሙሴ የሰጠውን ትእዝዞችና ትምህሮች የሚያመልክቱ ናቸው። “ሕጉ” እና፣ “የእግዚአብሔር ሕግ” የተሰኙት በአጠቃላይ እግዚአብሔር ሕዝቡ እንዲታዘዙ የሚፈልጋቸው ማንኛውንም ነገር ያመለክታሉ።
“መለመን” አንድ ነገር እንዲደረግ ወይም እንዲሰጥ አጥብቆ መጠየቅ ማለት ነው። “ልመና” የሚለው የሚያመለክተው የመለመንን ተግባር ነው።
“መለመን” አንድን ነገር አጥብቆ መጠየቅ ማለት ነው። ብዙውን ጊዜ ገንዘብ ወይም እንጀራ መጠየቅን ይመለከታል።
“መለከት” ሙዚቃ ለመጫወት ወይም ዐዋጅ ለማሰማት ወይም ሕዝብን ለስብሰባ ለመጥራት ጥቅም ላይ የሚውል መሣሪያ ነው።
መለኮት የሚለው ቃል ከእግዚአብሔር የሆነ ማንኛውንም ነገር ይመለከታል። ይህ ቃል ጥቅም ላይ ከሚውልባቸው መንገዶች ጥቂቶቹ “መለኮታዊ ሥልጣን”፣ “መለኮታዊ ፍርድ”፣ “መለኮታዊ ባሕርይ”፣ “መለኮታዊ ኃይል” እና፣ “መለኮታዊ ክብር የተሰኙት ናቸው።
“መለየት” የሚለው ቃል አንድ ዓላማን ለመፈጸም ከአንድ ነገር ተለይቶ መውጣትን ያመለክታል
መለየት አንድን ነገር ወይም ሰው እግዚአብሔርን እንዲያገለግል መመደብ ማለት ነው። በዚህ መልኩ የተለየ ሰው ወይም እቃ ለእግዚአብሔር እንደ ተቀደሰና እንደ ተለየ ይቆጠራል።
“መለየት” የሚለው ቃል የሚያመለክተው አንድን ነገር መረዳትን በተለይም ያ ነገር ትክክል ወይም ስሕተት መሆኑን በሚገባ መረዳትን ነው።
መጽሐፍ ቅዱስ ውስጥ በምሳሌያዊ መልኩ ጥቅም ላይ ከዋ፣ “ለበሰ” አንድ ነገር፣ “ተቀዳጀ” ወይም አንድ ነገር ታጠቀ ወይም በአንዳች ሁኔታ ዝግጁ ሆነ ማለት ነው። አንድ ነገር፣ “መልበስ” አንድ ዐይነት ፀባይ ወይም ባሕርይ አዳበረ ማለት ነው።
መልአክ በእግዚአብሔር የተፈጠረ ሃያል መንፈዊ ፍጡር ነው፤መላአኮች የተፈጥጠሩት እርሱ የሚነግራቸውን በማድረግ እግዚአብሔርን እንድያገለግሉ ነው፤የመላክት አለቃ ሌሎች መላአኮችን ሁሉ የሚያዝዝ ወይም የ መልአክን ያመለክታል።
ለሰወች ሲናገር በመልአክ ተመስሎ የመጣ ራሱ እግዚአብሔር ሊያመለክት ይችላል፤አንድ መልአክ ያህዌ ራሱ የተናገረ ያህል’’እኔ’’እያለ የተናገረው ለምን እንደ ነበር ከእነዚህ ትርጉሞች አንዱ በቂ ገለጻ ይሰጠን ይሆናል።
መልእክተኛ የሚባለው ለሌሎች የሚናገረው ወይም የሚያደርሰው ነገር የተሰጠው ሰው ነው።
አብርሃም በነበረበት ዘመን መልከጼዴቅ፣ በኋላ፣ “ኢየሩሳሌም” ተብላ የተጠራችው የሳሌም ከተማ ንጉሥ ነበር።
“መልካም” የሚለው ቃል እንደ ምንባቡ ዐውድ ሁኔታ የተለያዩ ትርጕሞች ይኖሩታል። እነዚህን የተለያዩ ቃሎች ለመተርጎም የተለያዩ ቋንቋዎች የተለያዩ ትርጕሞች ያቀርባሉ።
በመጽሐፍ ቅዱስ መሠረት አንዳች ነገር ለማድረግ የሚሰጥ ውል ያለው ተስፋ ቃል ነው። መሐላ የሚያደርግ ሰው የሰጠውን ተስፋ የመፈጸም ግዴታ አለበት።
“መመለስ” ወደ ኋላ መመለስ፣ ወይም አንድን ነገር መልሶ መስጠት ማለት ነው።
“መመለስ” እና፣ “መታደስ” አንድን ነገር ቀድሞ ወደ ነበረበት ቦታ፣ ወደ ተሻለ ሁኔታ መመለስ ማለት ነው።
መመላለስ የሚለው ቃል ብዙ ጊዜ በምሳሌያዊ መልኩ ጥቅም ላይ ከዋለ፣ “መኖር” ማለት ነው።
መመሪያ በተወሰነ ማኅበረሰብ ውስጥ ያሉ ሰዎች የሚያከብሩት ሕዝባዊ ደንብ ወይም ትእዛዝና መመሪያ የሚሰጥ ሕግ ነው።
መመስከር አንድ ነገር እውነት መሆኑን መቀበል ወይም መናገር ማለት ነው። “ምስክርነት” አንድ ነገር እውነት መሆኑን በቃል ወይም በጽሑፍ በዚያም መስማማት ማለት ነው።
“መመካት” በሰዎች ወይም በነገሮች በመመካት በትዕቢት መናገር ማለት ነው። ብዙውን ጊዜ ስለ አራስ በእብሪት መናገር ማለት ነው።
“መመደብ” ወይም፥ “መደበ” የሚለው ቃል የተወሰነ ተግባርን እንዲፈጽም አንድን ሰው መሾምን ያመለክታል
“መማለጃ” እና፣ “ምልጃ” በሌሎች ስፍራ ሆኖ ስለ እነርሱ መለመን ወይም መጸለይን ያመለክታል። መጽሐፍ ቅዱስ ውስጥ ይህ ቃል ጥቅም ላይ የዋለው ስለሌሎች ከመጸለይ ጋር ነው።
“መምራት” እና፣ “መመሪያ” የተሰኙ ቃሎች የሚያመለክቱት አንድን ነገር እንዴት ማድረግ እንደሚቻል ወይም መታዘዝ የሚገባ ሕግን አስመልክቶ ግልጽ የሆነ አቅጣጫ መመልከት ማለት ነው።
እርስ በርስ የሚመሳሰሉ ሰዎች ወይም ነገሮች እርስ በርስ የሚጋሩዋቸው ነገሮች ይኖሯቸዋል።
እርስ በርስ የሚመሳሰሉ ሰዎች ወይም ነገሮች እርስ በርስ የሚጋሩዋቸው ነገሮች ይኖሯቸዋል።
“መምከር” ጠንከር አድርጎ ማስጠንቀቅ ወይም ምክር መስጠት ማለት ነው።
“መሠረተ” የሚለው ግሥ አንድ ነገር ላይ ሠራ ወይም ገነባ ማለት ነው። መሠረት አንድ ሕንፃ የሚያርፍበት ከታች ያለው አካል ነው።
መሠዊያ ለእግዚአብሔር መባ(ስጦታ)እንዲሆን እስራኤላውያን እንስሳትና የእህል ዓይነቶችን የሚያቃጥልበት ከፍ ብሎ የሚሠራ ነገር ነው።
“ቁርባን” (ስጦታ) የሚለው ለእግዚአብሔር ወይም ለጣዖት የተሰጠ ማንኛውንም ነገር የሚያመለክት አጠቃላይ ቃል ነው። መሥዋዕት በብዙ መልኩ ይመሳሰላል፤ ሆኖም በተለምዶ ከተገደሉ በኋላ ለእግዚአብሔር ወይም ለጣዖት የሚሰጡ ነገሮችን ያመለክታል
“መርሳት” አንድን ሰው ወይም አንድን ነገር ጨርሶ መተው ማለት ነው። “የተረሳ” በሌላው ወገን ጨርሶ የተተወ ግምት ውስጥ የማይገባ ሰው ነው።
“መረዳት” መረጃ መስማት ወይም መቀበልና ምን ማለት እንደሆነ መገንዘብ ማለት ነው።
መርዶክዮስ በፋርስ አገር ይኖር የነበረ አንድ አይሁዳዊ ስም ነው። በኋላ ላይ የፋርስ ንጉሥ የአርጤክስስ ሚስት የሆነችው የአጎቱ ልጅ የአስቴር ጠባቂ ነበር።
“መርገም” አንድ ሰው ወይም አንድ ነገር ላይ መጥፎ ነገር እንዲደርስበት ማድረግ ነው።
ቃል በቃል ሲወሰድ፣ “መሰናከል” እየተራመዱ ወይም እየሮጡ እያል የመውደቅ ያህል መንገዳገድ ማለት ነው። ብዙውን ጊዜ በአንድ ነገር መደናቀፍን ያመለክታል
“መሰናከያ” ወይም፣ “መሰናከያ ድንጋይ” አንድ ሰው ተደናቅፎ እንዲወድቅ የሚያደርግ ነገርን ያመለክታል
አንድ ሰው ከንፈሮቹን አጥብቆ ሌላው ሰው ጉንጮች ወይም ከንፈሮች ላይ በማድረግ ፍቅሩን የሚገልጥበት ሁኔታ ነው፥
“መሳት” እና “ሳተ” በእግዚአብሔር ፈቃድ ላይ መመፅ ማለት ነው። “ወደ ስህተት መመራት” ሌሎች ሰዎች ወይም ሁኔታዎች ለእግዚአብሔር ወዳለመታዘዝ እንዲመራቸው መፍቀድ ማለት ነው
መጽሐፍ ቅዱስ በተጻፈበት ዘመን መስቀል አንድ ቀጥ ብሎ የወጣ እንጨት ሲሆን ጫፉ አካባቢ አንድ ሌላ ግንድ ይጋደምበት ነበር።
አንድን ነገር መስቀል ያንን ነገር ከመሬት በላይ ማንጠልጠል ማለት ነው።
“መስቀል” ማለት አንድን ሰው መስቀል ላይ ማሰርና በታላቅ ሕመምና ስቃይ እስኪሞት ድረስ እዚያው መተው ማለት ነው።
ስለ እርሱ ለማስተማርና ለእርሱ እንዲታዘዙ ለማሳሰብ ለተወሰኑ ሰዎች መናገር ማለት ነው።
መስከር የአልኮል መጠጥ አብዝቶ በመጠጣት አእምሮን መሳት ወይም ከተለመደው የተለየ ፀባይ ማሳየት ማለት ነው።
በዚህ አግባብ መሠረት፥ “መስጠት” ሲባል አንድን ነገር ለማድረግ መወሰን ወይም ቃል መግባት ማለት ነው።
መስጴጦምያ በኤፍራጥስና በጤግሮስ ወንዞች መካከል ያለ ምድር ነው። ስፍራው የዘመኑ ኢራቅ ያለችበት ቦታ ነበር።
ቃል በቃል ከተወሰደ፣ “መሸከም” አንድን ነገር ራስ ላይ መጫን ማለት ነው። ይህ ቃል በርካታ ምሳሌያዊ ጠቀሜታዎችም አሉት።
“መሸፈኛ” ብዙውን ጊዜ የሚያመለክተው ራስን ለመሸፈን የሚያገለግለውን በጣም ስስ ልብስ ሲሆን፣ ራስና ፊት እንዳይታይ ይከልላል።
መሾም ሲባል ወግ ባለው ሁኔታ ለተለየ ተግባር ወይም ድርሻ አንድን ሰው መለየት ማለት ነው። በዐዋጅ ደረጃ ሕግን ወይም ደንብን ማሳወቅ ማለትም ይሆናል።
መሾም እና የተሾመ የተሰኙት ቃላት አንድ የተለየ ተግባርን ወይም ተልኮን እንዲሁም አንድን ሰው መምረጥን ያመለክታል።
እንዲቀበሉ ተመርጠዋል ማለት ነው።
“መቀበል”የሚለው ቃል ለአንድ ሰው ወይም ሁኔታ ተገቢ ዕውቅና ወይም ይሁንታ ሲሰጠው ማለት ነው።
“መቀበል” የተሰጠ ወይም የቀረበ ነገርን ተቀብሎ የራስ ማድረግ ማለት ነው።
መቀደስ ለአንድ ራሱን ለቻለ ዓላማ ወይም ተግባር አንድን ነገር መለየት ወይም መስጠት ማለት ነው።
መቀደስ፣ ቅዱስ ይሆን ዘንድ አንድን ነገር መለየት ማለት ነው። ቅድስና ቅዱስ የመሆን ሂደት ነው
‘’መቀጣት’’ ወይም ‘’ቁጣ’’አንድ ነገር ወይም ሰወ ላይ ደስ አለመሰኘት፤መበሳጫትና መናደድ ማለት ነው፤
“መቁረጥ” የሚለው ቃል ማግለልን፣ ማስወገድን ወይም ከዋው ወገን መነጠልን ለማመልከት ጥቅም ላይ ይውል የነበረ ፈሊጣዊ ቃል ነው። ከኀጢአት የተነሣ በመልኮታዊ ፍርድ መገደልን ሊያመለክትም ይችላል።
“መቀባት” የሚለው ቃል ሰውን ወይም አንድን ነገር በ ማሰብ ወይም ላይ ላይ ዘይት ማፍሰስ ማለት ነው፤አንዳንዴ ዘይቱ ከተለዩ ቅመሞች ጋር ስለሚቀላቀል በጣም ጣፋጭ መዕዛ ያለው ሽቶ ይሆናል፤ቃሉ ምሳሌያዊ በሆነ መንገድ መንፈስ ቅዱስ ሰው መምረጡንና ሃይል ማስታጠቁን ያመለክታል።
“መቃብር” እና፣ “የቀብር ቦታ” ሰዎች የሞተውን ሰው አካል የሚያኖሩበት ስፍራ ነው።
“መቃተት” የሚለው ቃል ከአካላዊ ወይም ስሜታዊ ሕመም የተነሣ ከጥልቅ የሚወጣ አጭር ድምፅ ነው። ብዙውን ጊዜ መቃተት የሚገለጠው ያለ ምንም ቃል ነው።
አንድን በር ደግፎ የሚይዝ በሩ ግናራ ቀኝ ላይ ያለ ቀጥ ያለ ጣውላ ነው።
አዲስ ኪዳን በተጻፈበት ዘመን መቄዶንያ ከጥንቱ ግሪክ በስተ ሰሜን የነበረች የሮም አውራጃ ነበረች።
“መቅለጥ” የሚለው ቃል ሙቀት ሲነካው የአንድ ነገር ፈሳሽ መሆንን ያመለክታል። ምሳሌያዊ በሆነ መልካም ጥቅም ላይ ይውላል።
መቅሠፍት የሚባለው ብዙ ሕዝብ ላይ ጉዳት ወይም ሞት የሚያስከትል በሽታ ወይም ሌላ ሁኔታ ነው።
“መቅበር” የሞተ ሰውን አካል ጉድጓድ ውስጥ ወይም ሌላ መቀበፊያ ቦታ ውስጥ ማኖርን ያመለክታል። “ቀብር” የሚለው ቃል አንድ ነገር የመቅበር ሥራ ሲሆን፣ አንድን ነገር ለመቅበር የሚያገለግል ቦታንም ያመለክታል።
“ቅጣት” ከፈጸመው ጥፋት የተነሣ አንድ ሰው ላይ አሉታዊ ውጤቶች ማድረስ ማለት ነው።
“መበልጸግ” አንድ ሰው ወይም ሕዝብ በሕይወታቸው ሲከናወኑ ወይም የተሳካላቸው ሲሆኑ ማለት ነው። ይህ መከናወን ቁሳዊ ወይም መንፈሳዊ ሊሆን ይችላል። “ብልጽግና” ሀብታምና ደኅና የመሆን ሁኔታ ነው።
“መበቀል” ወይም፥ “በቀል” እርሱ ላደርሰው ጉዳት ለመክፈል ሲባል አንድን ሰው መቅጣት ማለት ነው። የመበቀያ ወይም በቀል የተፈጸመበት ተግባር “ብቀላ” ይባላል
መበታተን የሰዎችን ወይም የነገሮችን በተለያዩ አቅጣጫ መበታተን ያመለክታል።
አንድ ሰው ወይም አንድ ነገር፣ “መባረክ” በዚያ ሰው ወይም ነገር ላይ መልካምና ጠቃሚ ነገር እንዲሆን ማድረግ ማለት ነው።
ይህ ቃል የሚያመለክተው በአደገኛ ሁኔታ መብላትን ወይም ጨርሶ ማቃጠልን ነው።
መጽሐፍ ቅዱስ በተጻፈበት ዘመን ሰዎች ይጠቀሙበት የነበረው መብራት በሚነድበት ጊዜ ብርሃን የሚሰጥ ብዙውን ጊዜ እንደ ኀይል ሰጪ የሚያገለግል ዘይት የያዘ ዕቃ ነበር።
መጽሐፍ ቅዱስ ውስጥ፣ “መብራት መያዣ” ክፍሉ ውስጥ ሁሉ እንዲያበራ መብራቱ የሚቀመጥበት ከእንጨት ወይም ከብረት የተሠራ ዕቃ ነው።
“መብዛት” የሚለው በከፍተኛ ደረጃ በቁጥርና በመጠን ማደግን ያመለክታል።
“መተላለፍ” ትእዛዝን፣ ደንብን ወይም ሕግን ማፍረስ ማለት ነው።
“መተርጎም” እና፣ “ትርጉም” የተሰኙት ግልጽ ያልሆነ ነገርን መርዳትና ያንን ግልጽ ማድረግን ያመለክታል።
እነዚህ ቃሎች ከሞት ጋር የሚያያዝ ምሳሌያዊ ትርጉም አላቸው
“መታመን” አንድ ሰው ወይም አንድ ነገር እውነት ወይም እምነት ሊጣልበት የሚገባ መሆኑን ያመለክታል። “ታማኝ” ሰው ትክክልና እውነት የሆነ ነገር እንደሚያደርግና እንደሚናገር እምነት ይጣልበታል።
መታሰቢያ የሚለው ቃል አንድ ሰው ወይም አንድ ሁኔታ እንዲታሰብ የሚያደርግ ተግባር ወይም ነገር ማለት ነው።
“የታወቀ” የሚለው ቃል ሰፊ ተቀባይነት ማግኘትፍንና ስመ ጥሩ የሆነ ሰውን ያመለክታል።
“መታዘዝ” ሥልጣን ያለው ሰው የሚፈልገውን ወይም እንዲደረግ የሚያዝዘውን መፈጸም ማለት ነው። “ታዛዥ” የተነገረውን ወይም የታዘዘውን የሚፈጽም ሰው ነው።
አንድን ሰው መታደግ እርሱን ማዳን ማለት ነው። ታዳጊ ከባርነት፣ ከጭቆና ወይም ከሌላ አደጋ ሰዎችን የሚታደግ ወይም ነጻ የሚያወጣ ነው።
መታገሥ ረጅም ጊዜ መቆየት ወይም አስቸጋሪ ነገርን መቋቋም ማለት ነው።
“መታጠቂያ” የሚለው ቃል አንዳች ነገር ዙሪያ የሚታሰር ነገርን ነው። ብዙ ጊዜ የሚያመለክተው ቀሚስ ወይም እጀ ጠባብ ወደ መሬት እንዳይወርድ ወገብ ላይ ለማሰር የሚያገለግል ቀበቶ ወይም ሻሽን ነው።
መቶ አለቃ ከእርሱ ሥር 100 ወታደሮች የነበሩት የሮም ሰራዊት ባለ ሥልጣን ነበር።
በአጠቃላይ፣ “መነሣት” – “ብድግ ማለት” ወይም፣ “ወደ ላይ መውጣት” ማለት ነው።
“መነፋት” የሚለው ፈሊጣዊ ቃል የሚያመለክተው ትዕቢተኛ ወይም ዕብሪተኛ መሆንን ነው።
መና ከግብፅ ከወቱ በኋላ እስራኤል በምድረ በዳ ይንከራተቱ በነበሩ ጊዜ እግዚአብሔር የሰጣቸው እንጀራ የመሰለ ስስ ምግብ ነበር።
“መናቅ” አንድ ሰው ወይም አንድን ነገር ለመቀበል አለመፈለግ ማለት ነው። እግዚአብሔርን መናቅ ለእርሱ መታዘዝ አለመፈለግ ነው።
“መንቀጥቀጥ” ከፍርሃት ወይም ከከባድ ጭንቀት የተነሣ መናወጥ ወይም፣ መንዘፍዘፍ ማለት ነው።
“መንጋ” በጎችንና ፍየሎችን ወይም በሬዎችንና ላሞችን ወይም አሳማዎችን ያመለክታል
መንግሥት በንጉሥ የሚገዛ የሰዎች ቡድን ነው። ንጉሥ ወይም ሌሎች ገዦች የሚቆጣጠሩትና በሥልጣን የሚያስተዳድሩትንም አካባቢ ወይም ፖለታካዊ አገርንም ያመለክታል።
ብዙውን ጊዜ፣ “መንጠቅ” የሚለው ቃል ተአምራዊ በሆነ መንገድ እግዚአብሔር በድንገት አንድን ሰው ወደ ሰማይ ሲወስድ ነው።
“መንጠቅ” የሚያመለክተው አንድን ነገር፣ ብዙውን ጊዜ ደግሞ ለምግብ የሚሆን እንስሳን ማደንን ነው።
እነዚህ ሦስት ቃሎች የሚያመለክቱት እርሱ ራሱ እግዚአብሔር የሆነው መንፈስ ቅዱስን ነው። እውነተኛው አንድ አምላክ አብ፣ ወልድና መንፈስ ቅዱስ የሚባሉ አካላት አሉት።
“መንፈስ” የሚለው ቃል የሰዎችን ቁሳዊ ያልሆነና የማይታይ ክፍል ያመለክታል። ሰው ሲሞት መንፈሱ ከአካሉ ይለያያል
“መከራ” የሚለው ቃል የሚያመለክተው መከራና ጭንቀት ያለበት አዳጋች ጊዜን ነው።
“መከራ ማድረስ” አንድን ሰው ማሰቃየት ወይም መጉዳት ማለት ነው። “መከራ” ከዚህ የሚመጣ ሕመም፣ ስሜታዊ ሐዘን ወይም ሌላ ዐይነት ጉዳት ነው።
“መከራ” እና፣ “መከራ መቀበል” የተሰኙት ቃሎች በሽታን፣ ስቃይን ወይም ሌሎች አዳጋች ነገሮችን የመሳሰሉ አስከፊ ነገሮች ማለት ነው
“መከር” የሚለው ቃል እህል፣ ፍራፍሬ ወይም አትክልት መሰብሰብን ያመለክታል።
“መካን” መሆን ልጅ አለመውለድ ወይም ፍሬያማ አለመሆን ማለት ነው
መካከለኛ የሚባለው ሁለት ወገኖች አለመግባባትን አስወግደው ዕርቅ እንዲያደርጉ የሚረዳ ሰው ነው።
“መክሰስ”እና “ክስ” የተሰኙት ቃሎች በደል በማስረጉ አንድን ሰው መወቀስን ያመለክታል።ሌሎችን የሚከስ ሰው ከሳሽ ይባላል።
“መክበብ” የሚለው ቃል አጥቂ ሰራዊት ከተማን ሲከብና ምግብም ሆነ መጠጥ ወደዚያ እንዳይገባ ማድረግን ያመለክታል። አንድን ከተማን መክበብ እንቅስቃሴዋን መቆጣጠር ማለት ነው
“መኮነን” እና “ኵነኔ” አንዳች በደል ከመፈጸሙ የተነሣ ሌላው ላይ መፍረድን ያመለክታል።
“መወሰን” እና፣ “የተወሰነ” የተሰኙት ቃሎች አንድ ነገር ከመሆኑ በፊት እንደዚያ እንዲሆን መቁረጥን ወይም ማቀድን ያመለክታሉ።
መንጠቅ፣ ንጥቂያ “መንጠቅ” የሚያመለክተው አንድን ነገር፣ ብዙውን ጊዜ ደግሞ ለምግብ የሚሆን እንስሳን ማደንን ነው።
“መወሰን” የሚለው ቃል ወደ ፊት ሰዎች ላይ የሚደርሰውን ያመለክታል። አንድ ሰው አንዳች ነገር እንዲያደርግ፣ “ተወስኖ” ከሆነ ያ ሰው ወደ ፊት የሚያደርገውን እግዚአብሔር ወስኖታል ማለት ነው።
“ማረድ” አንድ ሰው እንዲያፍር ወይም እንዲሸማቀቅ ማድረግ ማለት ነው። ብዙውን ጊዜ ይህ የሚደረገው ሰዎች ፊት ነው።
“ማረድ” አንድ ሰው እንዲያፍር ወይም እንዲሸማቀቅ ማድረግ ማለት ነው። ብዙውን ጊዜ ይህ የሚደረገው ሰዎች ፊት ነው።
“መዋረድ” ክብርንና ተቀባይነት ማጣትን ያመለክታል።
“መዋጀት” የሚለው ቃል በሌሎች ተወስዶ የነበረ ነገርን በመግዛት የራስ ማድረግ ማለት ነው።
“መውረስ” እና፣ “ውርስ” ከእነርሱ ጋር ካለ የተለየ መቀራረብ የተነሣ ከወላጆቹ ወይም ከሌሎች ጠቃሚ ነገር መቀበል ማለት ነው። ያንን ውርስ የሚቀበል ወራሽ ይባላል።
“መውቂያ” እና፣ “መውቃት” የተሰኙት ቃሎች የስንዴን ዘር ከተቀረው የስንዴው ክፍል የመለየት ሥራን ያመለክታሉ።
“መውጋት” ስለት ባለው ሹል ነገር መውጋት ማለት ሲሆን፣ ምሳሌያዊ በሆነ መልኩ ሰውን በጣም ማሳዘንን ለማመልከትም ጥቅም ላይ ይውላል።
መዓት ለረጅም ጊዜ የሚቆይ በጣም ከባድ ቁጣ ነው። ብዙውን ጊዜ ኀጢአት ላይ የሚመጣውን የእግዚአብሔር ጻድቅ ፍርድና በእርሱ ላይ የሚያምፁ ሰዎችን ቅጣት ያመለክታል።
መዓካ የአብርሃም ወንድም ናሆር ከወለዳቸው ልጆች አንደኘው ነው። በብሉይ ኪዳን ሌሎችም ሰዎች ይህ ስም ነበራቸው።
ቅዱስ ዝማሬ፣ ብዙ ጊዜ በሙዚቃ የታጀበ ግጥም ወይም ቅኔ ማለት ነው። ብሉይ ኪዳን ውስጥ ያለው መጽሐፈ መዝሙር በእስራኤላውያን የተጻፉ የመዝሙሮች ስብስብ ይዟል።
“መያዝ” አንድን ሰው ወይም አንድን ነገር በኅይል መያዝ ማለት ነው። ማሸነፍ ወይም ከቁጥጥር ሥር ማድረግ ማለትም ይሆናል
“መያዝ” ሰው ላይ ወይም አንዳች ነገር ላይ ተቆጣጣሪ መሆን ማለት ነው። አብዛኛውን ጊዜ አንድ ነገር አሳድዶ መያዝንም ይጨምራል።
“መደምሰስ” እና፣ “ደመሰሰ” የሚለው ቃል ሰዎችን ወይም ነገሮችን ጨርሶ ማስወገድ ወይም ማጥፋትን የሚያመለክት ፈሊጣዊ ቃል ነው።
መደረቢያ ከትከሻ እስከ ወገብ ወይም ጉልበት የሚደርስ ልብስ ነው።
እነዚህ ቃሎች “አንድ የተለየ ነገር በመደረጉ መደነቅን” ነው የሚያመለክቱት።
“አክብሮት” የሚለው የመደነቅ ስሜትንና ታላቅነትን፥ ኅያልነትንና ባለ ግርማነትን በማየት የሚመጣ ጥልቅ አክብሮትን ያመለክታል
“መደፋት” የሚለው ቃል ፊትን ወደ መሬት በማድረግ መዘርጋት ማለት ነው። በድንገት በጣም ዝቅ ብሎ ማጎንበስ ማለት ነው።
መገሠጽ በቃል ጠበቅ ያለ እርማት መስጠት ሲሆን፣ ብዙውን ጊዜ እንዲህ የሚደረገው ያንን ሰው ከኀጢአት ለመመለስ ነው።
“መግረዝ” ከወንድ ወይም ወንድ ከሆነ ትንሽ ልጅ ብልት ትርፍ የሆነውን ቆዳ መቊረጥ ማለት ነው። ከዚህ ጋር ተያይዞ የግርዘት ሥርዓት ሊኖርም ይችላል።
መገናኛ ድንኳን እስራኤላውያን 40 ዓመት በምድረ በዳ በነበሩ ጊዜ እግዚአብሔር የሚያመልኩበት ድንኳን መሰል ነገር ነበር
ብዙውን ጊዜ፣ “መገዛት” የሚለው ቃል ፈቅዶና ወዶ ራስን በሌላው ሰው ሥልጣን ወይም መንግሥት ሥር ማድረግ ማለት ነው
መጽሐፍ ቅዱስ በተጻፈበት ዘመን “መጋረጃ” የሚያመለክተው መገናኛው ድንኳንንና ቤተ መቅደሱን ለመሥራት ጥቅም ላይ ይውል የነበረውን ወፍራምና በጣም ከባድ ጨርቅ ነበር።
“መግለጽ” አንድ ነገር እንዲታወቅ ማድረግ ማለት ነው “መገለጽ” እንዲታወቅ የተደረገ ነገር ነው።
መግዛት በአንድ አገር ወይም በአንድ መንግሥትና ሕዝቡ ላይ ንጉሥ መሆን ማለት ነው። አንድ ንጉሥ የሚገዛው እርሱ በሕይወት እስካለ ድረስ ነበር።
ቃል በቃል ሲወሰድ፣ “መግፋት” ጉልበት በመጠቀም አንድን ነገር ማስወገድ ማለት ነው። የተለያዩ ምሳሌያዊ ጠቀሜታዎችም አሉት።
“መጠበቂያ ግንብ” ጠባቂዎች እዚያ ላይ ሆነው ማንኛውንም አደጋ የሚመለከቱበት ቦታ እንዲሆን የተሠራ ረጅም ግንብ ነው። እነዚህ ግንቦች አብዛኛውን ጊዜ የሚሠሩት ከድንጋይ ነው።
“መጠየቅ” መረጃ የሚጠይቅ ማለት ነው።
“መጠጊያ” የሚለው ቃል ዋስትናና ጥበቃ ያለበትን ቦታን ወይም ሁኔታን ያመለክታል። “መጠቢያ” ከዝናብ ወይም ከአደጋ የሚከልል ነገር ነው።
“መጠጊያ” የሚለው ቃል ዋስትናና ጥበቃ ያለበትን ቦታን ወይም ሁኔታን ያመለክታል። “መጠለያ” ከዝናብ ወይም ከአደጋ የሚከልል ነገር ነው።
“መጣስ” ሕግ ማፍረስ ወይም የሌሎችን መብት መንካት ማለት ነው።
“መጥረግ” እና፣ “ጠረገ” የሚሉት ቃሉች አብዛኛውን ጊዜ የሚያመለክቱት መጥረጊያ በመጠቀም ቆሻሻና የማይፈለግ ነገር ማስወገድ በፍጥነት መንቀሳቀስን ነው። እነዚህ ቃሎች ማሳሌያዊ ትርጉምም አላቸው
“መጥራት” እና “መጣራት” የተሰኙ ቃሎች ቅርብ ላልነበረ ሰው ጮኽ ብሎ አንዳች ነገር መናገር ማለት ነው። ሌሎች ምሳሌያዊ ትርጕሞችም አሏቸው።
“መጥፋት” የሚለው ቃል አብዛኛውን ጊዜ በአንድ ዓይነት ጥቃት ወይም አደጋ የተነሣ መሞት ወይም መደምሰስ ማለት ነው። መጽሐፍ ቅዱስ ውስጥ በተለይ ለዘላለም በገሃነም መቀጣት የሚል ትርጕም አለው።
ቃል በቃል ሲወሰድ እስኪያልቅ ድረስ አንድን ነገር መጠቀም ማለት ሲሆን በርካታ ምሳሌያዊ ትርጕሞችም ይኖሩታል።
“መጨቆን” እና፣ “ጭቆና” በከፍተኛ ደረጃ ሰዎችን መበደልን ያመለክታል። “ጨቋኝ” ሰዎችን የሚጨቁን ሰው ነው።
“መጮኽ” እንባ አውጥቶ ማልቀስ ወይም ጭንቅ ውስጥ ያለ ሰው የሚያሰማው ጥሪ ሊሆን ይችላል።
መጸለይ ለእግዚአብሔር መናገር ነው።
መጽናት፣ ምንም እንኳ ረጅም ጊዜ ቢወስድና በጣም አስቸጋሪም ቢሆን በእምነት ወይም የተሰጠውን ሥራ በመፈጸም መቀጠል ማለት ነው።
“መጽደቅ” እና፣ “ጽድቅ” የተሰኙት ቃሎች በደለኛውን ሰው ምንም በደል እንዳልፈጸመ አድርጎ መቀበል ማለት ነው። ሰዎችን ማጽደቅ የሚችል እግዚአብሔር ብቻ ነው።
ብዙዎን ጊዜ “መፅነስ” እና፣ ፅንስ” የተሰኙ ቃሎች የሚያመለክቱት ልጅ ማርገዝን ነው። ያረገዙ እንስሳትን ለማመልከትም ጥቅም ላይ ይውላል።
“መፈለግ” አንድን ሰው ወይም አንድን ነገር መሻት ማለት ነው። ኅላፊው ግሥ፣ “ፈለገ” የሚለው ነው። አንድን ነገር ለማድረግ “አጥብቆ መሞከር” ወይም፣ “ከባድ ጥረት ማድረግ” ማለትም ይሆናል
መፈተን አንድ ሰው ተገቢ ያልሆነ ነገር እንዲያደርግ መሞከር ማለት ነው።
መፈወስ የሰው ቁስል፣ ሕመም ወይም ዕዐይነ ስውርነትና የመሳሰሉ ጉድለቶች ከእንግዲህ እንዳይኖሩ ማደረግ ነው። ወይም የታመመውን ወይም ዐቅም ያጣውን ሰው እንደ ገና ጤነኛ ማድረግ ነው።
“መፈጸም” አንዳች የሚጠበቅ ነገርን ፈጽሞ ወይም አከናውኖ መገኘት ማለት ነው።
መፋታት ጋብቻ የሚቋረጥበት ሕጋዊ አሠራር ነው። ፍቺ ያደረጉ ባልና ሚስት ከእንግዲህ ትዳር ውስጥ አይደሉም ማለት ነው።
አንድ ነገር፣ “ማፍረስ” ያንን ነገር ማበላሸት፣ ማጥፋት፣ መደምሰስ፣ ወይም ከጥቅም ውጪ ማድረግ ማለት ነው። “ፍርስራሽ” እንዲፈርስ ከተደረገው ነገር የቀረ ክምር ነው።
“መፍጠር” አንድን ነገር ማድረግ ወይም ሕልውና እንዲኖረው ማድረግ ማለት ነው። የተፈጠረ ነገር “ፍጥረት” ይባላል። በመላው አጽናፍ ያለውን ወደ ሕልውና ያመጣ እርሱ በምሆኑ እግዚአብሔር፣ “ፈጣሪ” ይባላል።
ሙሴ ለ40 ዓመት የእስራኤል ሕዝብ ነቢይና መሪ ነበር።
ሙሽሪት የወደፊት ባልዋ ከሚሆነው ሙሽራ ጋር ለመጋባት የጋብቻ ሥርዓት ላይ ያለች ሴት ናት።
ጋብቻ ሥርዓት ላይ ያለ ሙሽራ ሙሽራዪቱን የሚያገባው ሰው ነው።
ሚልክያስ ወደ እስራኤል ከተላኩት የእግዚአብሔር ነቢያት አንዱ ነው።
ብሉይ ኪዳን ውስጥ ሚሳኤል ተብለው የተጠሩ ሦስት ሰዎች አሉ።
ሚካኤል ቅዱሳንና ታዛዦች ከሆኑት የእግዚአብሔር መላእክት ዋናው ነው። የእግዚአብሔር፣ “ሊቀ መልአክ” ተብሎ የተጠራ እርሱ ብቻ ነው።
ሚክያስ ነቢዩ ኢሳይያስም በይሁዳ እያገለገለ በነበረ ጊዜ ከክርስቶስ 700 ዓመት በፊት የነበረ የይሁዳ ነቢይ ነበር።
ብሉይ ኪዳን ውስጥ ሚጽጳ ተብለው የተጠሩ ጥቂት ቦታዎች አሉ። ትርጕሙ፣ “መመልከቻ ቦታ” ወይም፣ “ቅጥር መጠበቂያ” ማለት ነው።
“ማልቀስ” እና፣ “ለቅሶ” የተሰኙት ቃሎች ጥልቅ የሐዘን መገለጫዎች ሲሆኑ፣ ብዙውን ጊዜ የሚያያዙት ሰው ሲሞት ከሚደረግ ሐዘን ጋር ነው። ብዙ ባሕሎች ሐዘንና ትካዜያቸውን የሚገልጡበት ውጫዊ እንቅስቃሴን ይጨምራል።
“ማሕፀን” እናቱ ውስጥ ያለ ሕፃን የሚኖርበት ነው።
“ማመን” እና “አመነ” በጣም የተያያዙ ቢሆንም በመጠኑ የሚለያይ ትርጉም አላቸው
ማመፅ ሥልጣን ላይ ላለ ሰው አለመገዛት ማለት ነው። ለአለቃ አለመታዘዝ ማለትም ነው።
“ማምለክ፣ መስገድ” እግዚአብሔርን ማክበር፣ ማመስገንና ለእርሱ መታዘዝ ማለት ነው።
“ማረሻ” አንድን ቦታ ለዘር ለማዘጋጀት መሬቱን ሥርዓት ባለው መልኩ ለመቆፈር የሚያገለግል የእርሻ መሣሪያ ነው።
“ማረድ” ሰውን ወይም እንስሳን መግደል ማለት ነው። ብዙ ጊዜ ግን በኅይል ወይም በአሰቃቂ ሁኔታ መግደልን ነው የሚያመለክተው
“ማረድ” ሰውን ወይም እንስሳን መግደል ማለት ነው። ብዙ ጊዜ ግን በኅይል ወይም በአሰቃቂ ሁኔታ መግደልን ነው የሚያመለክተው
ማርታ ቢታንያ በተባለ ቦታ ትኖር የነበረ የኢየሱስ ተከታይ ሴት ናት።
“ማርከስ” ቅዱስ የሆነ ነገርን ማቆሸሽ፣ መበከል ወይም አለማክበር ማለት ነው።
“ማርከስ” እና፣ “መርከስ” የተሰኙት ቃሎች መበከልን ወይም በከፍተኛ ደረጃ መቆሸሽን ያመለክታሉ። አንድ ነገር ከአካላዊ፣ ከግብረ ገባዊ ወይም ከሃይማኖታዊ ሥርዓት ጋር በተያያዘ ርኵስ ተብሎ ሊጠራ ይችላል።
ለአምልኮ ጥቅም ላይ ማዋል በማይቻልበት ሁኔታ የተቀደሰ ቦታን ወይም ነገርን መጉዳት ወይም መበከል ማለት ነው።
ማርያም የአሮንና የሙሴ ታላቅ እኅት ነበረች።
ማርያም ቢታንያ በሚባል ቦታ ትኖር የነበረ የኢየሱስ ተከታይ ናት።
ማርያም መግደላዊት ኢየሱስን መከተል የጀመረችው ሰባት አጋንንት ከእርሷ ካስወጣ በኋላ ነበር።
ማርያም የዮሴፍ እጮኛና የኢየሱስ እናት ናት።
ማር ንቦች ከአበባ የሚሠሩት ጣፋጭና ሙጫነት ያለው የሚበላ ነገር ነው። የማር እንጀራ ንቦቹ ማሩን የሚያኖሩበት እንደ ሰም ያለው ቅርጽ ነው።
“ማሰላሰል” የሚለው ቃል ጊዜን ወስዶ ስለ አንድ ነገር በጥንፍቃቄና በጥልቀት ማሰብ ነው።
“ማሰር” አንድን ነገር ጥብቅ አድርጎ ማሰር ወይም እንዳይበታተን አድርጎ መቋጠር ማለት ነው። አንድ ነገር የሚያስር ወይም እርስ በርስ የሚያያይዝ፣ “ማሰሪያ” ይባላል።
“ማሳሳት” እውነት ያልሆነ ነገር እንዲታመን ማድረግ ነው። ሌሎችን የማሳሳት ተግባር “ማሳት” ይባላል።
አንድን ሰው ማሳደድ ደጋግሞ ማጥቃት ወይም እርሱ ላይ የጭካኔ ተግባር መፈጸም ነው።
“ማስተማር” ከዚያ በፊት የማያውቁትን መረጃ ለሰዎች መናገርን ያመለክታል። ብዙውን ጊዜ መረጃው የሚሰጠው ወግ ባለው ወይም ስልታዊ በሆነ መንገድ ነው
“ማስተሰረያ” የሚለው ቃል የእግዚአብሔርን ፍትሕ ለማርካት ወይም ለመፈጸምና ቁጣውን ለማስታገሥ የሚቀርብ መሥዋዕት ነው።
“ማስታረቅ” እና፣ “ዕርቅ” ቀድሞ እርስ በርስ ይጠላሉ በነበሩ ሰዎች መካከል፣ “ሰላም ማድረግ” ማለት ነው።
ማስጠቀቂያ የሚጎዳቸውን ነገር አስመልክቶ ሰዎችን ማሳሰብ ማስጠንቀቅ ማለት ነው።መሸበር አደገኛ ወይም ስጋት ያለውን ነገር በተመለከተ በጣም መጨነቅና መፍራት ማለት ነው።
ማቅ ከፍየል ወይም ከግመል ጠጉር የሚሠራ ልብስ ነው። ይህ ዐይነቱ ልብስ ሻካራና የሚኮሰኩስ ነበር።
“ማበረታታት” የሚለው ቃል የሚያመለክተው ሰዎች ትክክልና እውነት የሆነውን ነገር እንዲያደርጉ ማደፋፈርን ነው።
መበረታታት የሚለው የሚያመለክተው በቃልም ሆነ በተግባር ሌሎች እንዲጽናኑ፣ ተስፋ እንዲኖራቸው፣ ድፍረትና ጽናት እንዲኖራቸው ማድረግን ነው።
“ማበራየት” እና፣ “ማበጠር” ለምግብ የሚሆነውን እህል ከማይፈልጉ ነገሮች መለየት ማለት ነው። ስሞችን መለየትን ወይም መክፈልን አስመልክቶ መጽሐፍ ቅዱስ ውስጥ ሁለቱም ቃሎች በምሳሌያዊ መልኩ ጥቅም ላይ ውለዋል።
አንድን ነገር ማባከን በቸልታ መወርወር፣ ወይም ያለ አግባብ መጠቀም ማለት ነው። “የባከነ” የጠፋ ወይም ከጥቅም ውጪ የሆነ ነገርን ያመለክታል።
ማቴዎስ ለእልፍዮስ ልጅ ለሌዊ የተሰጠ ስም ነው። ማቴዎስ ሐዋርያቱ እንዲሆኑ ኢየሱስ ከመረጣቸው አሥራ ሁለት ሰዎች አንዱ ነበር።
“ማነሣሣት” ወይም፣ “መተንኮስ” አንድ ሰው አሉታዊ ምላሽ እንዲሰጥ ወይም አሉታዊ ስሜት እንዲያድርበት ማድረግ ማለት ነው።
አንድ ሰው ወይም ነገር ምን ያህል ታላቅና አስፈላጊ መሆኑን ማሳየት ወይም መናገር ማለት ነው። ቃል በቃል ሲወሰድ፣ “ክብር መስጠት” ማለት ነው።
“ማወቅ” አንድን ነገር መረዳት ወይም አንድን ሐቅ መገንዘብ ማለት ነው። “ማሳወቅ” አንድን መረጃን ለሌሎች መናገር ማለት ነው።
አንድን ነገር በሕዝብ ፊት እና በድፍረት መናገር ወይም ማሳወቅ ማወጅ ይባላል።
“ማወጅ” እና “ዐዋጅ” የተሰኙት ቃሎች የሚያመለክቱት ሰው ሁሉ እንዲያውቀው ተፈልጎ በግልጽ በአደባባይ ለሕዝብ የሚነገር ሲሆን፣ እንዲህ የሚደረገው ለጉዳዩ አጽንዖት ለመስጠት ታስቦ ነው።
“ማወደም” ወይም፣ “ውድመት” የተባለው ቃል ንብረትን፣ ምድርን ወይም ሌላ ጠቃሚ ነገርን ጨርሶ ማጥፋትን ያመለክታል። ብዙውን ጊዜ በዚያ ምድር የሚኖሩ ሰዎችን መቆጣጠርን ወይም ጨርሶ ማጥፋትንም ይጨምራል።
አንድ ነገር ወይም አንድን ሰው፣ “ማውጣት” ወይም፣ “ማባረር” ያ ነገር ወይም ሰው ከዚያ እንዲሄድ ማስገደድ ማለት ነው።
ማዘዝ ማለት አንዳች ነገርን እንዲያደርጉ ወይም እንዳያደርጉ ለሰዎች መናገር ማለት ነው። ትእዛዝ የሚባለው እንዲያደርጉ ወይም እንዳያደርጉ ለሰዎች የተሰጠው መመሪያ ነው።
“ማዳን” አንድን ሰው ከአንዳች መጥፎ ወይም ጎጂ ነገር መጠበቅ ማለት ነው “ደኅንነት” ከጉዳት ወይም ከአደጋ የተጠበቀ ማለት ነው
“ማዳፈን” የሚለው ቃል አንድ ነገር ማጥፋት ወይም መርካት የሚፈልግን ነገር ማስቆም ማለት ነው።
“ማድላት እና፣ “አድልዎ” የተሰኙ ቃሎች፣ አንዳንድ ሰዎችን ከሌሎች የበለጠ ማቅረብ ወይም ከሌሎች የተለየ ነገር ማድረግን ያመለክታል።
አንድን ሰው ማገለገል ለእርሱ የሚጠቅመውን ማድረግ ማለት ነው። አንድ ሰው ሌላውን የሚያገለግለው፣ ተገድዶ ወይም ማገልገል ስለፈለገ ብቻ ሊሆን ይችላል
ማጎንበስ ለአንድ ሰው ክብርን ለማሳየት በትሕትና ከወገብ እጥፍ ማለት ነው። “ጎንበስ ማለት” በጣም መታጠፍ ወይም በጣም ዝቅ ብሎ መንበርከክ ማለት ሲሆን፣ ብዙውን ጊዜ ግንባርንና እጆችን መሬት ላይ ማድረግንም ይጨምራል።
አዲስ ኪዳን ውስጥ “ማጥመቅ” እና፥ “ጥምቀት” የተሰኙ ቃሎች ብዙውን ጊዜ ከኃጢአት መንጻቱንና ከክርስቶስ ጋር መተባበሩን ለማሳየት ክርስቲያኑን ውሃ ውስጥ የመንከር ስርዓትን ያመለክታል
ማጨድ እህልን የመሳሰሉ ነገሮች ማምረት ማለት ነው። እህል የሚያመርት ሰው አጫጅ ይባላል።
“ማጽናት” የሚለው ቃል አንድ ነገር እውነት ወይም እርግጥ ወይም አስተማማኝ መሆኑን መናገር ወይም መመልከት ማለት ነው።
“ማጽናናት” እና “አጽናኝ” የተሰኙት ቃሎች አካላዊም ይሁን ጉዳት ያደረሰባቸው ሰዎች መርዳትን፣ አይዞአችሁ ባይነትን ነው የሚያመለክተው።
“ማፌዝ” “መቀለድና” እና፣ “መዘበት” የተባሉት ቃሎች ሁሉ የሚያመለክቱት በሚጎዳ መልኩ ሌሎችን መሳቂያ መሳለቂያ ማድረግን ነው።
ሜምፊስ ዐባይ ወንዝ መደዳ የምትገኝ ጥንታዊ ግብፅ ውስጥ የነበረች ከተማ ነበረች።
ሜዶን ከአሦርና ከባቢሎን በስተ ምሥራቅ፣ ከኤላምና ከፋርስ በስተ ሰሜን የነበረ ትንታዊ መንግሥት ነው። የነበረበት ቦታ በአሁኑ ዘመን ቱርክ፣ ኢራን፣ ሶርያ፣ ኢራቅና አፍጋኒስታን ያሉበትን በክፊል ያካትት ነበር።
ምልክት የተለየ ትርጉም ያለው መልእክት የሚያስተላልፍ ዕቃ፣ ሁኔታ ወይም ድርጊት ሊሆን ይችላል
“ምሕረት” እና፣ “መሐሪ” የተሰኙት ቃሎች ችግር ውስጥ በተለይም እጅግ በተዋረደ ዝቅረኛ ደረጃ ያሉ ሰዎችን መርዳትን ያመለክታሉ።
“ምሕረት” ይቅር ማለትና ስል ተፈጸመው ኀጢአት አለመቀጣት ማለት ነው።
መጽሐፍ ቅዱስ እንደሚነግረን፣ “ምሥጢር” የማይታወቅ ወይም ለመረዳት የሚያዳግት አሁን ግን እግዚአብሔር የገለጠውን ነገር ያመለክታል።
“ምርመራ” የሚለው ቃል የሚያመለክተው፣ “ማጣራትን” ወይም፣ መፈተንን ነው። አንድ ሰው በደለኛ ወይም ንጹሕ መሆኑን ለማረጋገጥ የሚደረግ የማጣራት ወይም፣ የምርመራ ተግባር ነው። ምርመራ ወይም ፈተና ለመቋቋም የሚያዳግት ሁኔታ ሲሆን፣ ለዚያ በሚሰጠው ምላሽ አንድ ሰው ለተፈለገው ነገር ተገቢ ሊሆን ወይም ላይሆንን ይችላል።
ምርኩዝ ሰዎች ሲራመዱ የሚጠቀሙበት ከእንጨት ወይም ከብረት የተሠራ ከዘራ ወይም በትር ነው
“ምርኮና” እና፣ “ምርኮ” የተሰኙ ቃሎች መኖር በማይፈልጉበት የባዕድ አገር እንዲኖሩ ሰዎችን መያዝ ወይም ማስገደድን ያመለክታሉ።
“ምርኮ” የሚለው ቃል የሚያመለክተው ከአገራቸው ርቀው ሌላ ቦታ እንዲኖሩ የተገደዱ ሰዎችን ያመለክታል።
ምሳሌ ግብረ ገባዊ ወይም ሃይማኖታዊ ትምህርት ለማስተማር የሚቀርብ አጭር ታሪክ ነው።
ምሳሌ ጥበብ ወይም እውነት የያዘ አጭር ዐረፍተ ነገር ነው።
ምሳሕ የኖኅ ልጅ የያፌት ልጅ ነው። ሌላው ሞሳሕ ተብሎ የተጠራ ሰው የኖኅ ልጅ የሴም የልጅ ልጅ ነው።
እነዚህ ቃላት በጠቅላላ ሀሰተኛን አምላክ ለማምለክ የተቀረጹን ጣኦታትን ለማመልከት የምንጠቀምባቸው ናቸው።
“ምስክር” እና፣ “መመስከር” አንድን ነገር በተመለከተ የሚያውቁትን እውነት በግልጽና በሰው ሁሉ ፊት መናገር ማለት ነው።
“ምስክር” የሆነውን ነገር በግል የሚያውቅ ማለት ነው። ብዙውን ጊዜ ምስክር የሚባለው እውነት መሆኑን የሚያውቀውን የሚናገር ሰው ነው። “የዓይን ምስክር” እዚያ የነበረና የሆነውን ሁሉ በዓይኑ የተመለክተ ሰው ነው።
አንድ ሰው ማመስገን ለዚያ ሰው ያለንን አድናቆትና ክብር መግለጥ ማለት ነው።
“ምሽግ” ወይም፣ “መከላከያ” የጠላት ወታደሮችን ጥቃት መከለከል እንዲቻል በሚገባ የታጠረ ወይም ከለላ ያለው ቦት ማለት ነው። “የተመሸገ” ከተባለ አንድን ከተማ ወይም ምሽግ ለመከላከል በጠንካራ ግንቦች ዐለቶችና ሌሎች ጠንካራ ነገሮች ማጠርን ያመለክታል
ብሉይ ኪዳን ውስጥ ምናሴ ተብለው የተጠሩ አምስት ሰዎች ነበር።
ምንጭ በተፈጥሮው ከመሬት የሚፈልቅ ወይም የሌላ ዓይነት ወራጅ ውሃ መነሻ ቦታ ነው።
ምኩራብ አይሁድ እግዚአብሔርን ለማምለክ የሚሰበሰቡበት ቦታ ነው። ከጥንት ዘመን ጀምሮ ምኩራቦች ለጸሎት፣ ቅዱሳት መጽሐፍትን ለማንበብና ለመማር አገልግሎት ላይ ውለው ነበር
ምክር ማለት አንድ ሰው ማስተዋል ያለበት ውሳኔ እንዲያደርግ ተገቢውን ሐሳብ መስጠት ማለት ነው። መልካም “መካሪ” ወይም፣ “አማካሪ” ሰዎች ትክክልኛ ምርጫ ማድረግ እንዲችሉ አስፈላጊ ሐሳብ ይሰጣል።
“ምድር” ሕይወት ያላቸው ሌሎች ነገሮችን ጨምሮ የሰው ልጆች የሚኖሩበትን ዓለም ያመለክታል።
ምድያማውያን ከከነዓን በስተ ደቡብ ሰሜናዊው የአረቢያ ምድረ በዳ ይገኙ የነበሩ ሕዝብ ናቸው።
ምድጃ መንደድ ያለበት ነገር የሚቀጣጠልበትና የሚነድበት ትልቅ ማንደጃ ነው።
“ምጽዋት” የሚለው ቃል ድኾችን ለመርዳት የሚሰጥ ገንዘብን፣ምግብን ወይም ሌሎች ነገሮችን ያመለክታል።
ሞሎም ከነዓናውያን ከሚያመልኳቸው ሐሰተኛ አማልክት የአንዱ ስም ነበር።
እነዚህ ቃሎች አካላዊንም ሆነ መንፈሳዊ ሞትን ለማመልከት ጥቅም ላይ ይውላሉ። አካላዊ በሆነ መልኩ የሰውየው አካል መሥራትን ማቆሙን ያመለክታል። በመንፈሳዊ አንጋገር በኀጢአታቸው ምክንያት ሰዎች ከቅዱሱ እግዚአብሔር መለየታቸውን ያመለክታል።
“ሞኝ” የሚባለው ብዙውን ጊዜ የተሳሳተ ምርጫ የሚያደርግ በተለይም አለመታዘዝን የሚመርጥ ሰው ነው። “ሞኝነት” ማስተዋል የሌለው ሰው ወይም ፀባይ የሚገለጥበት መንገድ ነው።
ሞዓብ የኖኅ ታላቅ ሴት ልጅ ልጅ ነበር። ዘሮቹ ሞዓባውያን ሲባሉ የሰፈሩበት ቦታ ሞዓብ ተባለ።
ሞገስ እርሱን በተመለከተ ጥሩ አመለካከት ያለንን ሰው ለመጥቀም የሚደረግ ነገርን ያመለክታለ። “ሞገስ ያለው” ነገር ቀና ተቀባይነት ያለው ወይም ጠቃሚ ነው።
ሟርት እና ሟርተኛ የሚለው ቃል ልዕለ ተፈጥሮአዊ ከሆነው የመናፍስት ዓለም መረጃ ለማግኘት የሚደረግ መከራን ያመለክታል። ይህን የሚለማመድ ሟርተኛ ይባላል።
“ሟርት” ወይም “ጥንቆላ” አስማት በመጠቀም በክፉ መናፍስት ርዳታ አስደናቂ ነገሮችን ማድረግን ያመለክታል። በእነዚህ አስማታዊ ኅይሎች አስደናቂ ነገሮች የሚያደርገው ሰው ሟርተኛ ይባላል
አጠቃላይ በሆነ አነጋገር፣ “ሠሪ” ነገሮችን የሚፈጥር ወይም የሚሠራ ማለት ነው።
“ሥልጣን” የተሰኘው ቃል አንድ ሰው ሌላው ሰው ላይ ያለውን ተፅዕኖ የማሳደር ወይም የመቆጣጠር ኅይልን ያመለክታል
መጽሐፍ ቅዱስ ውስጥ “ሥራዎች”፣ “ተግባሮች” የተሰኙት ቃሎች ጥቅም ላይ የዋሉት እግዚአብሔር ወይም ሰዎች ያደረጉትን በአጠቃላይ ለማሳየት ነው።
ማንኛውም ጉልበትን የሚጠቅይ ከባድ ልፋት ሥራ ይባላል።
ሥርዓት ሰዎች የሚኖሩበት መመሪያ የሚሆን በውል ጽሑፍ ላይ የሰፈረ ሕግ ነው
“ሥርዓት” ለተወሰኑ ግብረ ገባዊ መመሪያዎች እንዲታዘዙ ሰዎችን መሠልጠንን ነው የሚያመለክተው።
መጽሐፍ ቅዱስ ሥጋ ሲል ቃል በቃል የሰውን ወይም የእንስሳን ለስላሳውን የአካል ክፍል ያመለክታል።
ቃል በቃል፣ “ረቢ” – “ጌታዬ” ወይም፣ “መምህሬ” ማለት ነው።
ረባት በጣም ጠቃሚ የአሞራውያን ከተማ ነበረች።
ረዓብ እስራኤላውያን ኢያሪኮን ሲያጠቁ እዚያ የነበረች ሴት ነበረች። አመንዝራም ነበረች።
ሩት መሳፍንት እስራኤላውያንን እየመሩ በነበረ ዘመን የነበረች ሞዓባዊት ሴት ናት። ጥንታዊ የኢየሱስ ክርስቶስ መገኛ ነበረች
ሩጫ፣ መሮጥ ቃል በቃል ሲወሰድ፣ “ሩጫ” ከመራመድ ባለፈ በፍጥነት መንቀሳቀስ ማለት ነው
ሪሞን የአንድ ሰው እና መጽሐፍ ቅዱስ የሚጠቅሳቸው ጥቂት ቦታዎች ስም ነው። ሪሞን የሚባል ጣዖትም ነበር። ቃል በቃል ትርጉሙ፣ “ሮማን” ማለት ነው።
ራሔል ከያዕቆብ ሚስቶች አንዷ ነበረች። እርሷና እኅቷ ልያ የያዕቆብ አጎት የላባን ልጆች ነበሩ።
ራማ ከኢየሩሳሌም በስተ ሰሜን 8 ኪሎ ሜትር ርቀት ላይ የምትገኝ ጥንታዊ የእስራኤል ከተማ ነበረች።
ራሞት ገለዓድ ተራሮች ላይ የምትገኝ በጣም ጠቃሚ ከተማ ነበረች። ራሞት ገለዓድም ትባላለች።
መጽሐፍ ቅዱስ ውስጥ “ራስ” በርካታ ምሳሌያዊ ትርጕሞች አሉት።
ራስን መግዛት ኅጢአትን ላለማድረግ የራስን ፀባይና ሁለንተና የመቆጣጠር ችሎታ ማለት ነው
“ራእይ” የሚለው ቃል አንድ ሰው የሚያየውን ያመለክታል። በተለይ ደግሞ የሚያመለክተው መልእክት ለመስጠት ባልተለመደ ወይም ልዕለ ተፈጥሮአዊ መንገድ እግዚአብሔር ለሰዎች የሚያሳየውን ያመለክታል።
ርብቃ ከአብርሃም ወንድም ልጆች አንዷ ነበረች፤ የእርሷ አያት የአብርሃም ወንድም ነበር።
“ርኅራኄ” ለሰዎች ማሰብ፣ አተለይም መከራ ለደረሰባቸው ሰዎች እነርሱ ቦታ ሆኖ ስሜታቸውን መጋራትን ያመለክታል። “ርኅሩኅ” ሰው ለሌሎች ሰዎች ያስባል እነርሱንም ይረዳል።
“ርኩሰት” የሚለው ቃል ትርጉም፣ “ኀጢአት” ከሚለው ጋር በጣም ተመሳሳይ ቢሆንም በተለይ፣ ሆን ተብሎ የሚፈጸም በደልን ወይም ታላቅ ዐመፃን ሊያመለክት ይችላል።
ርግብና ዋኖስ በጣም የሚመሳሰሉ የተለያየ መልክ ያላቸው ትናንሽ ወፎች ናቸው። ርግብ በምጠኑ ፈካ ያለች ስትሆን ወደ ነጭነት ትጠጋለች።
ሮማን በሚበላ ቀይ ነገር የተሸፈኑ ብዙ ፍሬዎች ያሉት ጥብቅና ጠንካራን ሽፋን ያለው የፍራፍሬ ዐይነት ነው።
በዚህ ባለንበት ዘመን ሮም የኢጣልያ ዋና ከተማ ናት።
ሮቤል የመጀመሪያው የያዕቆብ ልጅ ነበር። እናቱ ልያ ትባላለች።
ሮብዓም ከንጉሥ ሰሎሞን ልጆች አንዱ ሲሆን፣ ሰሎሞን ከሞተ በኋላ የእስራኤል ሕዝብ ንጉሥ ሆኗል.
ሰላም ምንም ዓይነት ግጭት ወይም ስጋት አለመኖር ማለት ነው።
ሰሎሞን ከንጉሥ ዳዊት ልጆች አንዱ ነበር። የእናቱ ስም ቤርሳቤህ ይባል ነበር
ሰማርያ ለእስራኤል ሰሜናዊ አካባቢ ላለው ከተማና አካባቢው የተሰጠ ስም ነው። ይህ አካባቢ በምዕራብ በሳሮን ሜዳማ ቦታና በምሥራቅ በኩል በዮርዳኖስ ወንዝ መካከል ይገኛል
“ሰማይ” ተብሎ የተተረጎመው ቃል የእግዚአብሔር መኖሪያን ያመለክታል።
ብሉይ ኪዳን ውስጥ ሰሜኢ ተብለው የተጠሩ ጥቂት ሰዎች ነበሩ።
በጥንት ዘመን ሰረገሎች በፈረሶች የሚጎተቱ ቀለል ያለ ክብደት ያላቸው ባለ ሁለት ተሽከርካሪ (ጎማ) መጓጓዣ ነበሩ።
ሰናክሬም ነነዌ ሀብታምና ተፈላጊ ከተማ እንድትሆን ታላቅ የአሦር ንጉሥ ነበር
ሰናዖር፣ “የሁለት ወንዞች አገር” ማለት ሲሆን በደቡባዊ ሜሶፖታሚያ ላለው ሜዳ ወይም አካባቢ የተሰጠ ስም ነበር
ሰንበት የሳምንቱ ሰባተኛ ቀን ነው፤ ይህ ቀን ምንም ሥራ የማይሠራበት የዕረፍት ቀን እንዲሆን እግዚአብሔር እስራኤላውያንን አዝዞ ነበር።
ሰኮና ግመልን፣ ላምና በሬን፣ ፈረሶችን፣ አህዮችን፣ በጎችና ፍየሎችን የመሳሰሉ አንዳንድ እንስሳት ታችኛውን የእግራቸውን ክፍል የሚሸፍን ጠንካራ ነገር ነው።
አንድ ነገር የተፈጸመው ምቼና እንዴት እንደ ነበር ከማመልከት በተጨማሪ፣ “ሰዓት” የሚለው ቃል ጥቅም ላይ የዋለቻቸው በርካታ ምሳሌያዊ መንገዶች አሉ።
ዲያብሎስ እግዚአብሔር የፈጠረው መንፈሳዊ አካል ነበር፤ በእግዚአብሔር መማመፁ የእግዚአብሔር ጠላት ሆነ። ዲያብሎስ፣ “ሰይጣን” እና፣ “ክፉው” ተብሎ ይጠራል
ሰይፍ ለመቁረጥ ወይም ለመውጋት የሚያገለግል ጠፍጣፋ ስለት ያለ የጦር መሣሪያ ነው መያዣና ረጅም፣ ሾጠጥ ያለና ጫፉ ላይ ስለት አለው
ሰዱቃውያን ፖለቲካዊ ተሳትፎ ያላቸው የአይሁድ ካህናት ነበሩ፤ ኢየሱስ ክርስቶስ በዚህ ዓለም ባገለገለ ዘመን የነበረውን የሮም አገዛዝ ይደግፉ ነበር። በሙታን ትንሣኤ አያምኑም
ሰዶም የአብርሃም ወንድም ልጅ ከሚስቱና ከልጆቹ ጋር ይኖርበት የነበረ ከከነዓን በስተ ደቡብ አካባቢ ያለ ከተማ ነበር
ካህንና ነቢይን ጨምሮ ብሉይ ኪዳን ውስጥ ሶፎንያስ ተብለው የተጠሩ ብዙ ሰዎች ነበር። የሶፎንያስ ትንቢት የሚገኘው ትንቢተ ሶፎንያስ ውስጥነው።
ብሉይ ኪዳን ውስጥ ሱኮት ተብለው የተጠሩ ሁለት ከተሞች አሉ። ሱኮት “መጠለያ” ወይም፣ “መጠጊያ” ማለት ነው
ሲላስ በኢየሩሳሌም በነበሩ አማኞች መካከል መሪ ነበር
ሲና በአሁኑ ዘመን የሲና ፔኔንሱላ ተብሎ በሚጠራው ደቡባዊ ክፍል የሚገኝ ተራራ ስም ነው
ሲዶን የከነዓን የመጀመሪያ ልጅ ነበር፤ ሲዶን የምትባል የከነዓናውያን ከተማም አለች
ሳሙኤል የመጨረሻው የእስራኤል መስፍን እና ነቢይ ነበር፤ የእስራኤል ንጉሥ እንዲሆኑ ሳኦልንና ዳዊትን የቀባው እርሱ ነበር
ሳምሶን ከእስራኤል መሳፍንት ወይም ታዳጊ አንዱ ነበር። ሳምሶን ከዳን ነገድ ነበር።
ሳሮን ከቀርሜሎስ ተራራ በስተ ደቡብ ሜድትራንያን ባሕር ዳርቻ ላይ የሚገኝ ጠፍጣፋና ለም ምድር ነው። “የሳሮን ሜዳ” በመባልም ይታወቃል
በጥንት ዘመን ሳባ ደቡብ አረቢያ አንድ ቦታ የሚገኝ ሥልጣኔ ወይም አካባቢ ነበር
ሳንደል ከእግር ታችኛው ክፍልና ከቁርጭምጭሚት ጋር በክር የሚታሰር ሰለል ያለ ጫማ ነው። ወንዶችም ሆኑ ሴቶች ይጠቀሙበት ነበር
ሳኦል የመጀመሪያው የእስራኤል ንጉሥ እንዲሆን እግዚአብሔር የመረጠው እስራኤላዊ ነበር
ከብዙ መቶ ዓመታት በኋላ ሳኦል የሚሉት ሌላ እስራኤላዊ ነበር፤ በኢየሱስ ካመነ በኋላ እግዚአብሔር ስሙን ጳውሎስ ወደሚል ለወጠው
ሳዶቅ በንጉሥ ዳዊት ዘመን በእስራኤል የነበረ ሁነኛ ሊቀ ካህን ነበር።
ሴላ ብዙውን ጊዜ መዝሙር መጽሐፍ ውስጥ የሚገኝ የዕብራይስጥ ቃል ነው በርካታ ትርጉሞች ይኖሩት ይሆናል
ሴሎ በኢያሱ መሪነት እስራኤላውያን አሸንፈው የያዟት በግንብ የተከበበች የከነዓናውያን ከተማ ነበረች
ሴም ከሦስቱ የኖኅ ወንዶች ልጆች አንዱ ሲሆን፣ ኦሪት ዘፍጥረት ውስጥ የተለጸው የጥፋት ውሃ በመጣ ጊዜ ከአባቱ ጋር መርከቡ ውስጥ ገብቶ ነበር
ሴት መጽሐፍ ቅዱስ ውስጥ የተጠቀሰ ሦስተኛው የአዳምና የሔዋን ልጅ ነበር
ሴኬም ከኢየሩሳሌም በስተሰሜን 40 ማይል ርቀት ላይ የሚገኝ ከነዓን ውስጥ የነበረ ከተማ ነው። ብሉይ ኪዳን ውስጥ ሴኬም ተብሎ የተጠራ ሰው ነበር።
ሴዴቅያስ የመጨረሻው የይሁዳ ንጉሥ ነው (597-587 ዓቅክ)።
መጽሐፍ ቅዱስ ውስጥ ስም በተለያዩ ምሳሌያዊ አነጋገርና ጥቅም ላይ ውሏል።
መጽሐፍ ቅዱስ ውስጥ ስምዖን የተባሉ ጥቂት ሰዎች ነበሩ
‘’ስቃይ” የሚለው ቃል ከባድ ህመምን ወይም ጭንቀትን ያመለክታል።
“ስቃይ” የሚያመለክተው ከፍተኛ መከራን ነው። አንድን ሰው ማሰቃየት ብዙውን ጊዜ በጭካኔ ከባድ መከራ እንዲደርስበት ማድረግ ነው።
“ስብሰባ(ጉባኤ)” የሚለው ቃል ችግሮች ላይ ለመወያየት፥ ምክር ለመስጠትና ውሳኔ ለማሳለፍ በአንድነት የተሰበሰቡ ሰዎችን ያመለክታል
ስንዴ ሰዎች ለምግብ የሚያመርቱት እህል ነው።
ስእለት አንድ ሰው ለእግዚአብሔር የሚገባው ቃል ነው። እግዚአብሔርን ልዩ በሆነ ሁኔታ ለማክበር ወይም ም ያህል ለእርሱ የተሰጠ መሆኑን ለማሳየት አንድ ሰው አንድ ነገር እንደሚያደርግ ለእግዚአብሔር ቃል ይገባል።
መጽሐፍ ቁስ ውስጥ፣ “ስድብ” እግዚአብሔርንና ሰውን በጣም በሚያንቋሽሽ መንገድ መናገርግን ያመለክታል። አንድን ሰው፣ “መስደብ” ሰዎች ሐሰት የሆነ መጥፎ ነገር እንዲያስቡ በዚያ ሰው ላይ ክፉ ነገር መናገር ማለት ነው።
“ስጦታ” የሚለው ለሌላው ወገን የተሰጠ ማንኛውንም ነገር ያመለክታል። ስጦታ የሚሰጠው በምላሹ ምንም ነገር ባለ መጠበቅ ነው።
ሶርያ ከእስራኤል ሰሜን ምሥራቅ የሚገኝ አገር ነው። አዲስ ኪዳን በተጻፈበት ዘመን በሮም መንግሥት የሚተዳደር አገር ነው
ሸንጎ በጣም አስፈላጊ ጉዳዮችን በተመለከት ለመወያየት፣ ምክር ለመስጠትና ውሳኔ ለማሳለፍ የተሰበሰቡ ሰዎች ማለት ነው።
ሸክም ከባድ ጫና ነው። ቃል በቃል የጥንት እንስሳት የሚሸከሙትን ሸክም ያመልክታል። “ሸክም” የሚለው ቃል በርካታ ምሳሌያዊ ትርጕሞችም አሉት።
ሽማግሌዎች በእግዚአብሔር ሕዝብ መሐል መንፈሳዊና ተግባራዊ መሪነት ኀላፊነት ያላቸው መንፈሳዊ ማስተዋል ያላቸው ስሞች ናቸው።
“ሽብር” የሚለው ቃል በጣም የመፍራትና የመደንገጥ ስሜት ወይም አንድን ሰው ወይም ነገር በጣም መጥላት ማለት ነው።
“ሽብር” የሚለው ቃል ከፍተኛ የፍርሃት ወይም የድንጋጤ ስሜት ያመለክታል። ሽብር የሚሰማው ሰው፣ “ተሸበረ” ይባላል።
“ቀረጥ” ሰዎች እነርሱ ላይ ሥልጣን ላይ ላለው መንግሥት የሚከፍሉት ገንዘብ ወይም ዕቃ ነው
የቀረጥ ሰብሳቢ ሥራ ከሰዎች የተቀበለውን ገንዘብ ለመንግሥት ማስተላለፍ ነበር
ቀሬና ከአፍሪካ ሰሜናዊ ባሕር ዳርቻ ሜዲትራንያን ባሕር ላይ ከቀርጤስ ደሴት ደቡብ ትገኝ የነበረች የግሪክ ከተማ ናት።
“የቀርሜሎስ ተራራ” በሜዲትራንያን ባሕር አካባቢ ከሳሮን ሜዳማ ቦታ በስተ ሰሜን የነበረውን የተራራ ተረተር ያመለክታል። በጣም ትልቁ ጫፍ 546 ሜትር ከፍታ አለው።
ቀርጤስ ግሪክ ደቡባዊ ባሕር ዳርቻ ማዶ ትገኝ የነበረች ደሴት ናት። የቀርጤስ ሰው በቀርጤስ የሚኖር ሰው ነው።
ቀናተኛው ስምዖን ከአሥራ ሁለት የኢየሱስ የቅርብ ደቀመዛሙርት አንዱ ነበር
“ቀናተኛ” እና “ቅናት” የተሰኙት ቃሎች አንድ ሰው የግል የማድረግ ጽኑ ፍላጎት ያመለክታሉ። አንድን ነገር ወይም ንብረት አጥብቆ የመያዝ ፍላጎትንም ያመለክታል።
“ቀንበር” ሁለት በሬዎች በአንድነት እንዲሠሩ ለማጣመር የሚረዳ ነገር ነው። “ቀንበር መሸከም” አንድ ዓይነት ኀላፊነት መሸከም ማለት ነው።
ቀንዶች ላምና በሬ፣ በጎችና ፍየሎች የመሳሰሉ እንስሳት ራስ ላይ የሚበቅል ቋሚና ሹል ነገር ነው። ብርታትን፣ ኀይልን፣ ሥልጣንና ንጉሥነትን ለማመልከትም “ቀንድ” በምሳሌያዊ መልኩ ጥቅም ላይ ይውላል።
“ቀኝ እጅ” የሚለው ምሳሌያዊ አነጋገር፣ በአንድ መሪ፣ ወይም ሥልጣን ባለው ሰው ቀኝ ያለውን የክብር ቦታ ያመለክታል።
ቀያፋ መጥምቁ ዮሐንስና ኢየሱስ ባገለገሉበት ዘመን የእስራኤል ሊቀ ካህን ነበር።
ቂቶስ በወታደራው ድል በ550 ዓ.ቅ.ክ. ገደማ የፋርስ መንግሥትን የመሠረተ ነበር። በዓለም ትሪክ ታላቁ ቂሮስ በመባልም ይታወቃል።
“ቃል” አንድ ሰው የተናገረውን ያመለክታል።
“ቃል መግባት” አንድ ነገር ለማድረግ ወይም ለመስጠት ተስፋ መስጠት ማለት ነው።
ቃርሚያ አጫጆች የተዉትን ፍራ ፍሬ ወይም እህል ለመሰብሰብ እርሻ ወይም አትክልት ቦታ ውስጥ መሄድ ማለት ነው።
ቃና ናዝሬት በስተ ሰሜን ዘጠኝ ማይሎች ያህል ርቃ የምትገኝ ገሊላ አውራጃ ውስጥ ያለች መንደር ወይም ከተማ ነበረች።
ቃየንና ታናሽ ወንድሙ አቤል መጽሐፍ ቅዱስ ውስጥ የተጠቀሱ የመጀመሪያ የአዳምና የሔዋን ልጆች ናቸው።
ቃዴስ ወደ ምድር ከነዓን በገቡ ጊዜ እስራኤላውያን የወሰዷት ከነዓናዊ ከተማ ነበረች።
ቃዴስ ወይም ቀዴስ በርኔ በአሁኑ ጊዜ ሶርያ በሚባለው ውስጥ የምትገኝ በእስራኤል ታሪክ ውስጥ ጠቃሚ የሆነች ከተማ ነበረች።
“ቄሳር” የተሰኘው ቃል ብዙዎቹ የሮም ገዦች የሚጠቀሙበት ስም ወይም መጠሪያ ነበር። መጽሐፍ ቅዱስ ውስጥ ይህ መጠሪያ ሦስት ገዦችን ያመለክታል።
ቂሳርያ ሜድትራንያን ባሕር ዳርቻ፣ ከቀርሜሎስ ተራራ 39 ኪ.ሜ. ርቃ ትገኝ የነበረች በጣም ጠቃሚ ከተማ ነበረች። ፊልጶስ ቂሳርያ ከእስራኤል ሰሜን ምሥራቃዊ ክፍል አርሞንዔም ተራራ አጠገብ ያለች ከተማ ነበረች።
ቄዳር የእስማኤል ሁለተኛ ልጅ ሲሆን፣ ከእርሱ ዘሮች ብዙ ሕዝብ ያለው ነበር። ቄዳር የምትባል ታውቂ ከተማም አለች።
“ቅርጫት” እርስ በርስ ከተጠላለፉ ነገሮች የሚሠራ መያዣን ያመለክታል
ቅርጽ ማውጫ የሚባለው ከወርቅ፣ ከብርና ከሌሎች ፈሳሽ መሆን ከሚችሉ ነገሮች አንዳንድ ነገሮችን ለመሥራት የቅርጽ ማውጫውን ይዘው እንዲወጡ ለማድረግ ከእንጨት ቁራጭ፣ ከብረት ወይም ከሸክላ ተፈልፍሎ የሚሠራ ነገር ነው።
ቅናት ያ ሰው ካለው ሀብት የተነሣ ወይም የሚደነዙ ችሎታዎች በለቤት ከመሆኑ የተነሣ ሌላውን ሰው መመቅኘት ማለት ነው። “መመኘት” ያ ሰው ያለውን ነገር ለራስ ለማድረግ አጥብቆ እስከ መፈለግ ድረስ በቅናት መነሣሣት ማለት ነው።
“ቅንዓት” እና፣ “ቀናተኛ” የአንድ ሰው ወይም ሐሰብ ጠንካራ ደጋፊ መሆንን ያመለክታል።
“ቅን” እና፣ “ቅንነት” የእግዚአብሔርን ሕግ እየተከተሉ መኖርን ያመለክታል።
ቃል በቃል ሲወሰድ፣ “ቅዱሳን” – “ቅዱስ የሆኑ ሰዎች” ማለት ሲሆን፣ በኢየሱስ ያመኑ ወገኖችን የመለክታል
“ቅዱሱ” የሚለው መጠሪያ መጽሐፍ ቅዱስ ውስጥ ሁሌም የሚያመለክተው እግዚአብሔርን ነው።
“ቅዱስ ቦታ” ቃል በቃል እግዚአብሔር የሚቀደስበትና የሚመለክበት የተለይ ቦታ ማለት ነው። ከለላና ደኅንነት የሚገኝበትንም ቦታ ሊያመለክት ይችላል
“ቅዱስ” እና “ቅድስና” ኀጥእ ከሆነውና ፍጽምና ከሌለው ማንኛውም ነገር ፍጹም ልዩ የሚያደርገውን የእግዚአብሔርን ባሕርይ ያመለክታል።
መጽሐፍ ቅዱስ ውስጥ “ቅድስት ከተማ” የሚያመለክተው የኢየሩሳሌም ከተማን ነው።
መጽሐፍ ቅዱስ ውስጥ “ቅድስት” እና፣ “ቅድስተ ቅዱሳን” የተሰኙ ቃሎች መገናኛው ድንኳን ወይም ቤተ መቅደሱ ውስጥ የነበሩ ሁለት ክፍሎች ያመለክታሉ። አንዳንዴ፣ “ቅድስት” ወይም፣ “ቅዱስ ቦታ” የሚለው በጠቅላላው ለእግዚአብሔር የለለየ ማንኛውንም ቦታ ያመለክታል።
ቅፍርናሆም ከገሊላ ባሕር ዳርቻ ሰሜን ምዕራብ የምትገኝ ዓሣ የሚጠመድባት ቦታ ናት።
አዲስ ኪዳን በተጻፈበት ዘመን ቆላስይስ ፍርግያ በምትባለው የሮማውያን ግዛት ውስጥ የነበረች ከተማ ስትሆን በአሁኑ ጊዜ የምትገኘው ከቱርክ ደቡብ ምዕራብ ባለው አካባቢ ነው። የቆላስይስ ሰዎች ቆላስይስ ውስጥ የነበሩ ሰዎች ናቸው።
ብሉይ ኪዳን ውስጥ ቆሬ በትንሹ የሁለት ሰዎች ስም ነው።
ቆርኔሌዎስ በትውልድ አይሁድ ያልሆነ የሮም ወታደሮች ባለ ሥልጣን ነበር።
ቆሮንቶስ ከአቴና በስተ ምዕራብ 50 ማይል ርቃ የምትገኝ የግሪክ ከተማ ነበረች። የቆሮንቶስ ሰዎች በቆሮንቶስ የሚኖሩ ሕዝብ ናቸው።
“ቆጠራ” የሚለው ቃል ሥርዓት ባለው መልኩ በአገሩ ወይም በመንግሥቱ ውስጥ ያሉ ሰዎች መቊጠርን ያመለክታል።
ቆጵሮስ ከዘመኑ ቱርክ በስተ ደቡብ 64 ኪሎ ሜትር ላይ ትገኝ የነበረች ሜዲትራንያን ባሕር ላይ ያለች ደሴት ናት።
በለስ የበለስ ዛፍ ላይ የሚበቅል ትንሽና ጣፋጭ ፍሬ ነው። ሰዎች ትኩሱን፣ ቀቅለው ወይም አድርቀው በለስ መብላት ይችላሉ፣ ወይም ይከትፏቸውና እንደቂጣ አድርገው ይበሏቸዋል።
በለዓም ወደ ከነዓን ምድር ለመግባት በሰሜናዊ ሞዓብ ሰፍረው በነበረ ጊዜ እስራኤልን እንዲረግም ንጉሥ ባላቅ ቀጥሮት የነበር አረማዊ ነብይ ነበር።
“በመንፈስ ቅዱስ መሞላት” የሚለው አገላለጽ የእግዚአብሔር ፈቃድ ማድረግ እንዲችል መንፈስ ቅዱስ ለሰው የሚሰጠውን ኅይል የሚያመለክት ምሳሌያዊ አነጋገር ነው።
በረሐ ወይም ምድረ በዳ በጣም ጥቂት ተክሎችና ዛፎች ብቻ የሚያድጉበት ደረቅና ጠፍ ቦታ ነው።
“በረዶ” ተራሮችን በመሳሰሉ ከፍታ ቦታዎች ወይም የዓለማችን ሰሜን ወይም ደቡብ ጫፍ ላይ የሚወርድ ውሃ አዘል ጠጣር ነገር ነው
በሬ በተለይ ለእርሻ ስራ የተገራ የከብት ዓይነት ነው። ብዙ ቁጥስ ሲሆን፣ “በሬዎች” ይባላል። በሬ የሚያገለግለው ለተባዕቱ ብዙውን ጊዜ እንዲኮላሹ ይደረጋል።
በርባን ኢየሱስ በተያዘ ጊዜ ኢየሩሳሌም ውስጥ የነበር እስረኛ ነበር
በርተሎሜዎስ ከአስራ ሁለት የኢየሱስ ሐዋርያት አንዱ ነበር
በርናባስ በሐዋርያት ዘመን የነበረ ከጥንት ክርስቲያኖች አንዱ ነበር
“በር” ቤት ወይም ከተማ አጥር ወይም ግድግዳ ላይ ያለ ወደ ቤት የሚገባበት ላይ የተያያዘ ከለላ ነው። “የበር ሳንቃ” በርን ለመዝጋት መንቀሳቀስ የሚችል ከእንጨት ወይም ከብረት የተሠራ ጣውላ ነው።
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“በትረ መንግሥት” አንድ ንጉሥ ወይም የአገር አስተዳዳሪ የሚይዘው ጌጠኛ በትር ወይም ዱላ ነው
በትር ቀጭን፣ ጠንካራና በተለያየ መንገድ ጥቅም ላይ የሚውል ከዘራ መሰል ነገር ነው። ምናልባትም በትንሹ አንድ ሜትር ያህል ሊረዝም ይችላል።
ብሉይ ኪዳን ውስጥ መናያስ በሚል ስም የሚታወቁ ጥቂት ሰዎች ነበሩ
“በኣል” ፦ “ጌታ” ወይም፥ “አለቃ” ማለት ሲሆን፥ ከነዓናውያን ከሚያመልኳቸው ዋነኞቹ ጣዖቶች የአንዱ ስም ነበር።
አጠቃላይ በሆነ መልኩ በኣል የማኅበረሰቡ ሰዎች በአንድነት የሚያከብሩት ሁኔታ ነው።
“በኩራት” የሚለው ቃል የሚያመለክተው በእያንዳንዱ መከር ወቅት ከሚሰበሰበው እህል ሆነ አትክልት የመጀመሪያውን ፍሬ ነው።
“በኩር” የሚለው ቃል መጀመሪያ የሚወለደውን የሰውም ሆነ የእንስሳትን የመጀመሪያ ልጅ ነው።
በዓል ሰዎች በአንድነት ተሰብስበው በመመገብ የሚይሳልፉት ሁኔታ ሲሆን፣ እንዲህ የሚደረገው አንድን ሁኔታ አብሮ ለማክበር ሊሆን ይችላል። “በዓል ማድረግ” በልዩ አይነት ሁኔታ የተዘጋጀ ምግብ በብዛት መመገብን ያሳያል።
በደል፣ በመደልና መጉዳት ሌላው ሰው ላይ አካላዊ፣ ስሜታዊና ሕግን ተገን በማድረግ ጉዳት ማድረስ ማለት ነው።
በገና ባለ ገመድ የሙዚቃ መሣሪያ ሲሆን፣ ቀጥ ያሉ ክሮች ወይም ገመዶች ይኖሩታል።
በግ አካሉ ላይ የሱፍ መሥሪያ ጠጉር ያለው መጠነኛ ቁመት ያለው ባለአራት እግር እንስሳ ነው። ወንዱ በግ አውራ ሲባል ሴቷ እንስት በግ ትባላለች
በግ ጥቅጥቅ ያሉ ለሱፍ መሥሪያ የሚያገለግሉ ጠጉሮች ያሉት ባለ አራት እግር እንስሳ ሲሆን፣ ለእግዚአብሔር መሥዋዕት ይቀርባል። እርሱ ለሕዝቡ ኃጢአት መሥዋዕት ሆኖ በመሞቱ ኢየሱስ፣ “የእግዚአብሔር በግ” ተብሏል።
ቢታንያ ከኢየሩሳሌም ምሥራቅ 2ማይል ርቀት ላይ ከደብረ ዘይት ተራራ ምሥራቅ ባለው ተዳፋት ግርጌ የምትገኝ ከተማ ነበረች
“ባለሟል” የተመረጠና ከፍ ያለ ደረጃ ያለውን ሰው፣ በፖለቲካና በማኅበረ ሰቡ ውስጥ ሁነኛ ቦታ ያለውን ሰው ያመለክታል።
“ባልንፈራ” እንደ ጓደኛ ወይም እንደ የትዳር አጋር ከአንድ ሰው ጋር አብሮ መሆንን ወይም ኅብረት ማድረግን ያመለክታል።
ባሕል የሚያመለክተው ለረጅም ዘመን የተያዘና ከትውልድ ወደ ትውልድ ሲተላለፍ የኖረ ወግ ወይም ልማድ ነው።
መጽሐፍ ቅዱስ፣ “ታላቁ ባሕር” ወይም፣ “የምዕራብ ባሕር” የሚለው በመጽሐፍ ቅዱስ ዘመን የነበሩ ሰዎች ከሚያውቁት ባሕር ትልቁ የነበረው፣ ሜዲትራንያን ባሕርን ነው።
አንድን ሰው ባርያ ማድረግ ያ ሰው ለጌታ እንዲገዛ ማስገደድ ወይም አንድን መግዛት ማለት ነው። ባርነት በሰዎች ወይም በነገሮችና በሁኔታዎች ቁጥጥር ሥር መሆን ማለት ነው።
አገልጋይ በውዴታ ወይም በግዴታ ለሌላው የሚሠራ ሰው ነው። “ባርያ” የሚለው ቃል “አገልጋይ” ማለትም ይሆናል። ከዐውዱ ጋር ይበልጥ የሚስማማው የትኛው ቃል እንደሆነ ብዙ ጊዜ ምንባቡ ግልጽ ያደርጋል
ብሉይ ኪዳን ውስጥ ባሮክ በመባል የሚታወቁ የተለያዩ ሰዎች አሉ
ባሳን ከገሊላ ባሕር በስተምስራቅ አካባቢ ያለ ቦታ ነው። በአሁኑ ዘመን የሶርያ አካል የሆነውን አካባቢና የጎላን ኮረብታን ይሸፍናል
የባቢሎን ከተማ የጥንት ባቢሎንያ አካባቢ ዋና ከተማ ሲሆን፥ የባቢሎን መንግሥት ግዛት አካልም ነበር
ባቤል ከመሰጵጦምያ በስተደቡብ በነበረችው ሰናዖር በምትባል አካባቢ ዋነኛ ከተማ ነበረች በኋላ ላይ ሰናዖር ባቢሎን ተብላለች
ባቱኤል የአብርሃም ወንድም የናኮር ልጅ ነበር
ባኦስ እስራኤል ሐሰተኛ አማልክትን እንዲያመልኩ ካደረጉ የእስራኤል ነገሥታት አንዱ ነበር
“ባዕድ” ወይም “መጻተኛ” የሚለው ከራሱ አገር ውጪ የሚኖርን ሰው ያመለክታል። በተለይም ብሉይ ኪዳን ውስጥ ከራሱ ሕዝብ መካከል ወጥቶ ሌላ ሕዝብ ጋር የሚኖር ሰው ማለት ነው።
“ባድማ” ወይም “ወና ማድረግ” መኖሪያ የነበረውን ከእንግዲህ መኖሪያ እስከማይሆን ድረስ አንድ ቦታ ማጥፋት መደምሰስ ማለት ነው።
ቤርሳቤህ በዳዊት ሰራዊት ውስጥ ወታደር የነበርው የኦርዮን ሚስት ነበረች። ኦርዮን ከተገደለ በኋላ የዳዊት ሚስትና የሰሎሞን እናት ሆናለች
ብሉይ ኪዳን በተጻፈበት ዘመን ቤርሳቤህ አሁን ኔጌቭ ተብሎ በሚጠራው አካባቢ ባለው በረሐ ውስጥ ከኢየሩሳሌም ደቡብ ምዕራብ 45 ማይሎች ላይ የምትገኝ ከተማ ነበረች
አዲስ ኪዳን ውስጥ ቤርያ ከመቄዶንያ ደቡብ ምስራቅ ከተሰሎንቄ በስተደቡብ 80 ኪሎሜትር ርቀት ላይ የምትገኝ በጣም ሀብታም የግሪክ ከተማ ነበርች።
ቤተ መቅደስ እስራኤል ለጸሎትና ለእግዚአብሔር መሥዋዕት ለማቅረብ የሚሰበሰቡበት ዙሪያውን በተከበበ አደባባይ ውስጥ ያለ ሕንፃ ነው። ቤተ መቅደስ የነበረው ኢየሩሳሌም ከተማ ውስጥ ባለው የሞሪያ ተራራ ነበር።
ቤተ መቅደስ እስራኤል ለጸሎትና ለእግዚአብሔር መሥዋዕት ለማቅረብ የሚሰበሰቡበት ዙሪያውን በተከበበ አደባባይ ውስጥ ያለ ሕንፃ ነው። ቤተ መቅደስ የነበረው ኢየሩሳሌም ከተማ ውስጥ ባለው የሞሪያ ተራራ ነበር።
“ቤተ መንግሥት” ከቤተሰቡና ከአገልጋዮቹ ጋር ንጉሥ የሚኖርበት ሕንፃ ወይም ቤት ማለት ነው።
በአዲስ ኪዳን መሠረት ቤተ ክርስቲያን የሚባለው ለመጸለይና የእግዚአብሔር ቃል ሲሰበክ ለመስማት ዘወትር የሚሰበሰቡ በኢየሱስ ክርስቶስ የሚያምኑ ሰዎች ስብስብ ነው። “ቤተ ክርስቲያን” ብዙውን ጊዜ፣ ክርስቲያኖችን ሁሉ ያመለክታል።
ቤተልሔም ኢየሩሳሌም ከተማ አጠገብ የምትገኝ አንዲት ትንሽ የእስራኤል ከተማ ነበረች። “ኤፍራታ” በመባልም ትታወቃለች፤ ምናልባት የመጀመሪያ ስሟ ይህ ሳይሆን አይቀርም
“ቤተ ሰብ” የሚለው ቃል የሚያመለክተው የቤተ ሰብ አባሎችንና ያሉዋቸውን አገልጋዮች ጨምሮ አንድ ቤት ውስጥ አብረው የሚኖሩ ሰዎችን ሁሉ ነው።
መጽሐፍ ቅዱሳዊ ቤተሰብ በዚህ ዘመን፣ “የሩቅ” ቤተሰብ የምንለውን ጨምሮ በጋብቻ ወይም በመወለድ የተዛመዱ ሰዎች መኅበረሰብ ነው።
ቤቴል ከኢየሩሳሌም በስተሰሜን ከነዓን ምድር ውስጥ የምትገኝ ከተማ ነበረች። የቀድሞ ስሟ “ሎዛ” ነበር
መጽሐፍ ቅዱስ ውስጥ ብዙውን ጊዜ፣ “ቤት” ጥቅም ላይ የዋለው በምሳሌያዊ መልኩ ነው።
ቤትሳሚስ ከኢየሩሳሌም በስተምዕራብ በግምት 30ኪሎሜትር ርቀት ላይ የምትገኝ ከነዓናዊት ከተማ ስም ነው
“ቤዛ” የሚለው ቃል በምርኮ የተያዘ ሰውን ለማስለቀቅ እንዲከፈል የተጠየቀ ገንዘብ ወይም ሌላ ነገር ያመለክታል።
“ቤዛ” እና “ቤዛነት” ለሰው ልጆች ኃጢአት የሚከፈልና የእርሱን በኃጢአት መቆጣት የሚያበርድ መሥዋዕት እግዚአብሔር ያዘጋጀበትን ሁኔታ ያመለክታል
“ብልሹ” እና፣ “ብልሽት” የሰዎችን ክፋትና ግብረ ገባዊ ዝቅጠት ያመለክታል።
ብልት ወይም ክፍል የአንድ ሕንፃ፣ አካል ወይም ቡድን አንድን ክፍል ያመለክታል።
“ብልጥ” በተለይ ተግባራዊ በሆኑ ነገሮች በጣም ብልህና አስተዋይ ሰው ነው
“ብሔር” አብዛኛውን ጊዜ የሚያመለክተው ከአንድ ቅድመ አባት የተገኙትን ትውልዶችንና ተመሳሳይ ቋንቋና ባሕል ያላቸው ሰዎች ነው።
ብር ሳንቲሞችን፣ ጌጣጌጦችን፣ ዕቃዎችንና ማስዋቢያዎችን ለመሥራት የሚያገለግል አንጸባራቂ ነጭ/ግራጫ መልክ ያለው የከበረ ድንጋይ ነው
መጽሐፍ ቅዱስ “ብርሃን” የሚለውን ቃል በተለያዩ ምሳሌያዊ ገለጻዎች ይጠቀምበታል። ብዙውን ጊዜ ጻድቃን፣ ቅድስናንና እውነትን ለማመልከት እንደ ተለዋጭ ዘይቤ ያገለግላል።
“ብርታት” የሚለው ቃል አካላዊ፣ ስሜታዊ ወይም መንፈሳዊ ጥንካሬን ነው። ማበርታት አንድን ሰው ወይም ነገር ጠንካራ ማድረግ ማለት ነው
“ብቁ” የሚለው ቃል የተወሰኑ ጥቅሞችን ለመቀበል ወይም የተለያዩ ሙያዎች ባለቤት የመሆንን ዕውቅትና ማግኘት ማለት ነው።
ብንያም ከያዕቆብና ከሚስቱ ከራሔል የተወለደ የመጨረሻው ልጅ ነው። የስሙ ትርጉም ፥ “የቀኝ እጄ ልጅ” ማለት ነው።
ብዔልዜቡል የአጋንንት አለቃ ሲሆን፥ የሰይጣን ወይም የድያብሎስ ሌላ ስም ነው
በዔዝ የሩት ባል፣ የንጉሥ ዳዊት አያትና ኢየሱስ የተገኘበት ዘር ዋና ግንድ የነበረ እስራኤላዊ ነበር።
ተመስጦ የሚባለው ሰውየው እንቅልፍ ላይ ባይሆንም፣ አንድ ሌላ ነገር እየተመለከተ ወይም እየተለማመደ ከመሆኑ የተነሣ በዙሪያው ስላለው ነገር ግንዛቤ የሚያጣባት የአእምሮ ዝንባሌ ነው።
ተርሴስ የኖኅ ልጅ የያፌት ልጅ ልጅ ስም ነው
አዲስ ኪዳን በተጻፈበት ዘመን ተሰሎንቄ በጥንቱ የሮም ግዛት ውስጥ የነበረችው የመቄዶንያ ዋና ከተማ ነበረች። በዚያ ከተማ የነበሩ፣ “የተሰሎንቄ ሰዎች” ይባላሉ።
ተስፋ አንድ መልካም ነገር ይሆናል ብሎ መጠበቅና የተሻለ ነገር እንደሚመጣ መጠባበቅ ማለት ነው። ብዙውን ጊዜ በመጽሐፍ ቅዱስ መሠረት “ተስፋ” እግዚአብሔር ለሕዝቡ ቃል የገባውን እንደሚቀበሉ እርግጠኛ ሆ መጠበቅን ነው የሚያመለክተው። ይሁን እንጂ፣ አንድን ነገር እርግጠኛ ሆኖ ወይም በልበ ሙሉነት መጠበቅን የሚያመለክት በመሆኑ ULB በተሰኘው የመጽሐፍ ቅዱስ ትርጕም አብዛኛውን ጊዜ፣ “እምነት” ወይም፣ “ድፍረት” ተብሎ ተተርጕሞአል።
ተስፋ ቃል አንድን ነገር ለመስጠት ወይም ለማድረግ ቃል መግባት ማለት ነው። አንድ ሰው አንድ ነገር ለማድረግ ተስፋ ከሰጠ ያንን ለመፈጸም ይተጋል ማለት ነው።
“ተአምር”እግዚአብሔር ራሱ ካላደረገው በቀር ጨርሶ ሊሆን የማይችል አስደናቂ ነገር ነው።
ተኩላ አደገኛ ሥጋ በል አውሬ ሲሆን፣ ከቀበሮ ጋር ይመሳሰላል።
ሁለቱም ሰራዊት ውስጥ ሆኖ መዋጋትን የሚያመለክቱ በመሆናቸው፣ “ተዋጊ” እና፣ “ወታደር” ትርጕማቸው ተመሳሳይ ነው። ያም ሆኖ ግን፣ መጠነኛ ልዩነትም አላቸው።
“ተገዢ” የሚለው በሌላው ሰው ሥልጣን ሥር መሆንን ያመለክታል፥ “መገዛት” – “ለሌላው ሰው ሥልጣን” ታዛዥ መሆን ማለት ነው
ቲርዛ በጣም ጠቃሚ የከነዓናውያን ከተማ ነበረች፤ በኋላም የሰሜናዊው የእስራእል መንግሥት ጊዜያዊ ዋና ከተሞች አንዷ ሆና ነበር።
ቲቶ ሐዋርያው ጳውሎስ ያስተማረው የጥንት ቤተ ክርስቲያን መሪ ነበር።
ቲኪቆስ ከጳውሎስ ጋር የወንጌል አገልጋዮች ከነበሩት አንዱ ነው።
መጽሐፍ ቅዱስ ውስጥ ሄሮድስ የሚባሉ ጥቂት ገዦች ነበር። ኢየሱስ በተወለደ ዘመን ሄሮድስ አይሁድ ያልሆነ የይሁዳ ንጉሥ ነበር።
ይህ ቃል የሚያመለክተው ቅንነትን ሲሆን፣ ሰው ባያይ እንኳ በጠንካራ ግብረ ገባዊ መርሕና ፀባይ በመነሣሣት ታማኝ ሆኖ መገኘትን ነው።
ለእግዚአብሔር፣ “ታማኝ” መሆን ዘወትር በእርሱ ትምህርት መኖር ማለት ነው። ለእርሱ በመታዘዝ እውነተኛነትን ማሳየት ማለት ነው ታማኝ ሆኖ የመገኘት ሁኔታ፣ “ታማኝነት” ይባላል።
ታራ የኖኅ ልጅ የሴም ዘር ነው። የአብርሃም፣ የናኮርና የካራን አባት ነበር።
“ታጋሽ” እና፣ “ትዕግሥት” የሚለው ቃል አስቸጋሪ የሆነ ሁኔታ መቋቋምን ወይም በዚያ ውስጥ በጽናት መኖርን ያመለክታል። አብዛኛውን ጊዜ ትዕግሥት መጠበቅንም ይጨምራል።
ቃል በቃል ሲወሰድ፣ “ትልቅ ማድረግ” ታዋቂነት እንዲያገኝ በማሰብ ወደ አንድ ሰው ወይም አንድ ነገር የሌሎችን ትኵረት መሳብ ማለት ነው።
ትሑት ሰው ከሌሎች ሁሉ የበለጠ እንደ ሆነ አያስብም። ትዕቢተኛ ወይም እብሪተኛ አይደለም።
ቃል በቃል ሲወሰድ፣ “ትሩፋን” ማለት፣ በጣም ብዙ ከሆነው ክፍል ወይም ወገን “የተረፉ” ወይም፣ “የቀሩ” ሰዎች ወይም ነገሮች ማለት ነው።
“ትንሣኤ” ከሞት በኋላ ተመልሶ ወደ ሕይወት መምጣት ነው።
እነዚህ ቃሎች የሚያመለክቱት በእግዝአብሔር ቃል መሠረት ሰዎችን በአግባቡ መያዝን ወይም ማስተናገድን ነው። ትክክል የሆነውን የእግዚአብሔር መስፈርት የሚያንጸባርቁ የሰው ልጆች ሕጎችም ፍትሕ ይባላሉ።
ትውልድ የሚባለው በአንድ ዘመን የተወለደና በአንድ ዘመን የነበረ የሰዎች ስብስብ ነው።
ብሉይ ኪዳን ውስጥ ትዕማር ተብለው የተጠሩ በርካታ ሴቶች ነበሩ። ትንቢተ ሕዝቅኤል ውስጥ ትዕማር የተባለ ቦታ ተጠቅሷል
ቶማስ ደቀ መዛሙርቱ እንዲሆኑ ኢየሱስ ከመረጣቸው ሰዎች አንዱ ነበር (ሐዋርያት ተብለዋል)።
ቶቤል የኖኅ ልጅ የያፌት ልጅ ነው።
ችጋር በመላው አገር ወይም አካባቢ የምግብ እጥረትን የሚጨምር ጥፋት ሲስፋፋ ማለት ነው።
“ችግር” የሚለው ቃል የሚያመለክተው በጣም አዳጋችና አስጨናቂ የሕይወት ልምምድን ነው። “ሁከት” ከአንዳች ንገር የተነሣ መረበሽ ወይም መጨነቅ ማለት ነው።
መጽሐፍ ቅዱስ፣ “ኀላፊ” ወይም “ባለ ዐደራ” የሚለው የጌታውን ንብረትና የሥራ እንቅስቃሴን በተመለከተ ሙሉ ኀላፊነት የተሰጠውን አገልጋይ ለማመልከት ነው።
“ኀይል” የሚለው ቃል የሚያመለክተው አብዛኛውን ጊዜ በታላቅ ብርታት ነገሮችን ማድረግን ወይም ነገሮች እንዲሆኑ የማድረግ ችሎታን ነው። “ኀይላት” የሚያመለክተው ነገሮች እንዲሆኑ የማድረግ ታላቅ ችሎታ ያላቸው ሰዎችን ወይም መናፍስትን ነው።
ኅሊና አንድ ሰው ኃጢአት እያደረገ መሆኑን እግዚአብሔር ለእርሱ የሚያሳውቅበት የሰውየው አስተሳሰብ አንድ ክፍል ነው።
አጠቃላይ በሆነ ደረጃ፣ “ኅብረት” ተመሳሳይ ፍላጎትና ልምምድ ያላቸው የአንድ ማኅበር አባሎች መካከል የሚደረግ የወዳጅነት ግንኙነትን ያመለክታል።
“ኅጢአት” የሚለው ቃል ከእግዚአብሔር ፈቃድ ጋር የሚደረግ ተግባርን፣ ሐሳብንና ቃልን ያመለክታል። እግዚአብሔር ያዘዘውን አለማድረግም ኅጢአት ነው
ነህምያ የእስራኤልና የይሁዳ ሕዝብ በባቢሎናውያን በምርኮኝነት በተወሰዱ ጊዜ ባቢሎን መንግሥት ውስጥ ይኖር የነበረ እስራኤላዊ ነው።
ነቀፋ የአንድን ሰው ፀባይና አኗኗር መብቶች ወይም ይሁንታ መንፈግ ማለት ነው። ብዙውን ጊዜ ነቀፋ ሰውየውን በተመለከተ አሉታዊ ቃል መሰንዘር ነው።
“ነቀፋ የሌለበት” የሚለው ቃል በቃል፣ “ነውር፣ እንከን” የሌለበት ማለት ነው። በፍጹም ልቡ ለእግዚአብሔር የሚታዘዝ ሰውን የሚያመለክት ቢሆንም፣ ያ ሰው ምንም ኃጢአት የለበትም ማለት አይደለም።
“ነቢይ” የእግዚአብሔርን መልእክት ለሰዎች የሚናገር ሰው ነው። ይህን የምታደርግ ሴት ነቢዪት ትባላለች።
ነብር ጥቁርና ነጭ ዝንጉርጉር መልክ ያለው ትልቅ ድመት መሰል የዱር አውሬ ነው።
ነነዌ የአሦር ዋና ከተማ ነበረች። የነነዌ ሰዎች ነነዌ ውስጥ የሚኖሩ ሰዎች ናቸው።
ነገድ ብዙውን ጊዜ ከአንድ ቀዳሚ አባት የተገኙ ሰዎች ስብስብ ማለት ነው።
“ነጻ” የሚለው ቃል ወንጀል ከመፈጸም ወይም ከሌሎች በደሎች ነጻ የሆነ ማለት ነው። በጠቅላላው በማንኛውም ክፉ ነገር አለመሳተፉን ያመለክታል።
“ነጻ ማድረግ” አንድ ሰው ከተከሰሰበት በደል ወይም ርኩሰት ነጻ መሆኑን በግልጽ መናገር ወይም ማወጅ ማለት ነው።
ነፍስ የሰው ውስጣዊ፣ የማይታይና ዘላለማዊ ክፍል ነው። የሰውን ቁሳዊ ያልሆነ ነገር ሁሉ ይጨምራል
ናሆም ክፉው ንጉሥ ምናሴ እየገዛ በነበረበት ዘመን ያገለገለ የእግዚአብሔር ነቢይ ነበር።
“ናስ” - መዳብናን ቆሮቆሮን አብሮ በማንጠር የሚሠራ አንድ ዐይነት ብረት መሳይ ነገር ነው። ጥቁር ቡኒ መልክ ቢኖረውም በመጠኑ ወደ ቀይም ወሰድ ያደርገዋል።
ናቡከደነፆር የባቢሎን መንግሥት ንጉሥ ነበር። የእስራኤልና የይሁዳ መንግሥታት በነበሩበት ዘመን ባቢሎን ገናና መንግጥ ነበረች።
ናትን ዳዊት የእስራኤል ንጉሥ በሆነበት ዘመን የኖረ ታማኝ የእግዚአብሔር ነቢይ ነው።
መጽሐፍ ቅዱስ ውስጥ ናኮር ተብለው ከተጠሩ ሁለት ሰዎች አንደኛው የአብርሃም አያት ሲሆን፣ ሁለተኛው የአብርሃም ወንድም ነበር።
ናዝራዊ የሚባለው ናዝርውያን የሚሳሉትን ስእለት የተሳለ ሰው ነው።
ናዝሬት በሰሜናዊ እስራኤል ገሊላ አውራጃ ውስጥ የምትገኝ ከተማ ነች።
ኔጌብ በደቡባዊ እስራኤል የሚገኝ በረሃማ አካባቢ ነው።
“ንስሐ መግባት” እና፣ “ንስሐ” ከኀጢአት ወደ እግዚአብሔር መመለስን ያመለክታል።
ንስር እንደ ዓሣ፣ አይጥ፣ እባብና ጫጩት የመሳሰሉ ትንንሽ እንስሳትን የሚመገብ በጣም ግዙፍና ብርቱ ወፍ ነው።
“ንቀት” አንድ ሰው ለሌላው ሰው ወይም ለሌላው ነገር ክብር መንፈጉን የሚያሳይበት መንገድ ነው። ክብር የተነፈገው፣ “የተናቀ” ይባላል።
“ንብረት ማድረግ” እና፣ “ንብረት” ብዙውን ጊዜ የሚያመለክቱት የአንዳች ነገር ባለቤት መሆንን ነው። አንድን ነገር ወይም አካባቢን መቆጣጠርንም ያመለክታል። አብዛኛውን ጊዜ መጽሐፍ ቅዱስ ውስጥ ጥቅም ላይ የዋሉት በዚህ መልክ ነው።
ንዕማን የእስራኤል ጠላቶች አንዱ የነበረው የሶርያ ጦር አዛዥ ነበር።
ንዴት ከቁጥጥር የወጣ ቁጣ ነው። አንድ ሰው ከተናደደ፣ አጥፊ በሆነ ሁኔታ ቁጣውን እየገለጸ ነው ማለት ነው።
“ንጉሣዊ” የሚለው ቃል ከንጉሥ ወይም ከልዕልት ጋር የተያያዙ ሰዎችንና ነገሮችን ማለትም ዙፋናቸውን፣ ቤተ መንግሥታቸውን፣ ልብሶቻቸውንና ልጆቻቸውን ይመለክታል።
ንጉሥ የአንድ ነጻ ከተማ፣ መንግሥት ወይም አገር መሪ ነው።
መጽሐፍ ቅዱስ ውስጥ፣ “ንሑሕ ያልሆነ” የሚለው ምሳሌያዊ አነጋገር የሚያመለክተው ሕዝቡ ሊነካው፣ ሊበላው ወይም መሥዋዕት ሊያቀርበው እንደማይገባው እግዚአብሔር የተናገረለት ነገርን ነው።
“ንጹሕ” መሆን እንከን የሌለው ወይም እዚይ ኣመገኘት ያልነበረበት የተቀላቀለ ነገር የሌለው ማለት ነው። አንድን ነገር ማንጻት ማለት ንጹሕ ማድረግና የሚያቆሽሸውንና የሚበክለውን ማንኛውንም ነገር ማስወገድ ማለት ነው።
ቃል በቃል ሲወሰድ፣ “ንጹሕ” ምንም ቆሻሻ ወይም እድፍ የሌለበት ማለት ነው። ብዙውን ጊዜ መጽሐፍ ቅዱስ ውስጥ፣ “ቅዱስ” እና “ከኃጢአት የነጻ” የሚሉትን ለማመልከት በምሳሌያዊ አነጋገር ጥቅም ላይ ይውላል።
ንፍታሌም ስድስተኛው የያዕቆብ ልጅ ነው። የእርሱ ዘሮች ከአሥራ ሁለቱ የእስራኤል ነገዶች አንዱ የሆነውን የንፍታሌም ነገድ አስገኝተዋል።
ኖኅ በዓለም የነበሩ ክፉ ሰዎችን ለማጥፋት እግዚአብሔር ዓለምን ሁሉ የሚያዳርስ ጎርፍ በላከበት ጊዜ ከ4000 ዓመት በፊት ይኖር የነበረ ሰው ነው። ጎርፉ ምድርን በሚሸፍንበት ጊዜ እርሱና ቤተ ሰቡ የሚኖሩበት ግዙፍ መርከብ እንዲሠራ እግዚአብሔር ለኖኅ ነገረው።
አህያ ከፈረስ የሚያንስና ትላልቅ ጆሮዎች ያሉ ፈረስን የሚመስል ባለ አራት እግር አገልጋይ እንስሳ ነው።
“አለመታዘዝ” ሥልጣን ላይ ያለ ሰው ትእዛዝን ወይም መመሪያን አለመቀበል ማለት ነው። ይህን የሚያደርግ ሰው የማይታዘዝ ይባላል።
“አለቃ” የሚለው ቃል በተወሰኑ አካል ላይ ከፍ ያለ ሥልጣን ያለውን ወይም በጣም አስፈላጊ መሪን ያመለክታል።
“አለ አግባብ” እና፣ “አግባብ ያልሆነ” የተሰኙት ቃሎች ሰዎችን መግፋት፣ ማሳዘን፣ ብዙውን ጊዜ በጣም በሚጎዳ ሁኔት መበደል ማለት ነው።
አልዓዛር ኢየሱስ ከሞት ያስነሣው ወዳጁ ነበር።
መጽሐፍ ቅዱስ ውስጥ አልዓዛር የበርካታ ስሞች ስም ነበር።
አሕዛብ የያዕቆብ ወይም የአሥራ ሁለቱ የእርሱ ልጆች ዘር ያልሆነ ሰው ነው። ስለሆነም አሕዛብ አይሁድ አይድለም ማለት ነው።
አማሌቃዊ ከኔጌብ ምድረ በዳ አንሥቶ እስከ አረብ አገር ድረስ ባለው የከነዓን ደቡባዊ ክፍል በሙሉ የሚኖሩ ዘላን ሕዝብ ነበሩ።እነዚህ ሰዎች የኤሳው ልጅ ልጅ የአማሌቅ ዘሮች ናቸው።
መጽሐፍ ቅዱስ ውስጥ “አማኝ” ኢየሱስ ክርስቶስ አዳኝ መሆኑን የሚያምንና የሚደግፍ ማለት ነው
አባቱ ንጉሥ አዩአስ ከተገደለ በኋላ አሜስያስ የይሁዳ ንጉሥ ሆነ።
“አሜን” የሚለውለንድ ሰው የተናገረውን አጽንዖት ለመስጠት ወይም ትኩረት እንዲሰጠው ለማድረግ ጥቅም ላይ የሚውል ቃል ነው። ኢያሱስ ይህን ቃል ሲናገር ብዙውን ጊዜ አሜን ይሁን እንደ ማለት ነው።
“አምላካዊ” የሚለው ቃል እግዚአብሔርን በሚያስከብርና የእግዚአብሔርን ማንነት በሚያሳይ መንገድ የሚኖር ሰውን ለማመልከት ጥቅም ላይ ይውላል። የእግዚአብሔርን ፈቃድ በማድረግ እርሱን የማያከብር ሰው ባሕርይ አምላካዊነት ይባላል።
ከአኪናሆም የተወለደ የዳዊት ታላቅ ልጅ ነው፤፤
አሞራውያን ከኖህ የልጅ ልጅ ከከነዕን የተገኘ ሃያል ህዝብ ነበሩ፤
“የአሞን ሕዝብ” ወይም ፣ “አሞናውያን” ከነዓን ውስጥ ከነበሩት ሕዝቦች አንዱ ናቸው።ሎጥ ከትናሿ ልጁ የወለደው የቤን አሚ ዘር ናቸው።
የነቢዩ ኢሳይያስ አባት አሞጽ ይባል ነበር።
አሞጽ በይሁዳ ንጉስ በዕዝያን ዘመን የነበረ እስራኤላዊ ነብይ ነበር፤
“አሥረኛ” ወይም፣ “አሥራት” የተሰኙት ቃሎች የአንድን ሰው ገንዘብ፣ እህል፣ የቤት እንስሳት ወይም ሌሎች ንብረቶች አንድ አሥረኛ ክፍል ያመለክታል።
እግዚአብሔር ለሙሴ እስራኤል ሊታዘዟቸው የሚገባ ብዙ ትእዛዞች ሰጥቶታል። ከእነዚህ ትእዛዞች አሥሩን በሁለት የድንጋይ ጽላቶች ላይ ጽፏቸዋል።
“አሥራ ሁለቱ” የቅርብ ደቀ መዛሙርቱ ወይም ሐዋርያቱ እንደሆኑ ኢየሱስ የመረጣቸው አሥራ ሁለት ሰዎች ናቸው። ይሁዳ ራሱን ከገደለ በኋላ፣ “አሥራ አንዱ ቀሩ።
አሥራ ሁለት የእስራኤል ነገዶች የተባሉት የያዕቆብ ልጆችና የእነርሱ ዘሮች ናቸው።
አሦር እስራኤል በከነዓን ምድር ይኖሩ በነበሩበት ዘመን በጣም ኅያል መንግሥት ነበር። የአሦር መንግሥት በአሦር ንጉሥ ይተዳደሩ የነበሩ አገሮች ናቸው።
መጽሐፍ ቅዱስ ውስጥ፣ “አረማዊ” የሚለው ቃል ጥቅም ላይ የዋለው ያህዌን ሳይሆን ሐሰተኛ አምላኮችን የሚያመልኩ ሰዎች ለማመልከት ነበር።
አረቢያ፥3000000 ስኩዬር ኪሎ ሜትር የሚሸፍን የዓለማችን ትልቁ ባሕር ገቡ፤አካባቢ ነው ከእስኤል ደቡብ ምስራቅ ያለ ቦታ ሲሆን ከቀይ ባሕር ከአረቢያ ባሕርና ከፋርስ ባሕር ሰላጤ ጋር ይዋስናል።
ብሉይ ኪዳን ውስጥ አርም የሁለት ሰዎች ስም ነው፤የአሁኑ ሲሪያ ያለችበት ከከነዓን ሰሜን ምስራቅ ያለው አካባቢ ስም ነው፤
መጽሐፍ ቅዱስ ውስጥ “አራራት” ለአንድ አካባቢ፥ ለአንድ መንግሥትና የተራራ ሰንሰለት የተሰጠ ስም ነው።
አርሞንዔም ተራራ እስራኤል ውስጥ ካሉ ተራሮች በጣም ረጁም ነው።
አርጤክስስ ከ 464-424 ዓቅክ የፋርስን መንግሥት ሲገዛ የነበረ ንጉሥ ነው
አርጤክስስ ሃያ ዓመት የጥንቱን ፋርስ/ኢራቅ የገዛ ንጉሥ ነበር።
አሮን የሙሴ ታላቅ ወንድም ነበር። የእስራኤል ሕዝብ የመጀመሪያ ሊቀ ካህን እንዲሆን እግዚአብሔር አሮንን መረጠ።
አሳ ክ913-873 አቅክ ድረስ ለአርባ ዓመት የይሁዳን መንግሥት የገዛ ንጉሥ ነበር
“አልፎ መስጠት” (መካድ) ሌላውን ሰው የሚያሳስትና የሚጎዳ ተግባር ነው። “አሳልፎ ሰጪ” (ካጂ) የተማመነበትን ወድጁን አሳልፎ የሚሰጥ ወይም የሚክድ ሰው ነው።
አሳፍ ሌዋዊ ካህን ሲሆን፥ ለንጉሥ ዳዊት መዝሙሮች ሙዚቃ ያዘጋጀ ጥሩ ስጦታ ያለው ሙዚቀኛ ነበር። አሳፍ የራሱን መዝሙሮችም ጽፎአል
አሴር የያዕቆብ ስምንተኛ ልጅ ነው። የእርሱ ዘሮች ከአሥራ ሁሉቱ የእስራኤል ነገድ አንዱ ሆኑ፤ ዘሮቹም “አሴር” ተብለው ይጠራሉ።
“አስማት” ከእግዚአብሔር ከሚመጣው ውጪ ልዕለ ተፈጥሮአዊ ኀይል መለማመድ ወይም መጠቀም ነው። አስማት የሚለማመድ ሰው አስማተኛ ይባላል።
በመጽሐፍ ቅዱስ ዘመን አስቀሎና ሜድትራንያን ባሕር ዳርቻ የምትገኝ ዋና የፍልስጥኤማውያን ከተማ ነበርች። ዛሬም እስራኤል ውስጥ ትገኛለች።
ቃሉ የሚያማለክተው ገና ከመሆኑ በፊት አንድን ነገር ማወቅን ነው።
የአስቆሮቱ ይሁዳ ከአሥራ ሁለቱ የኢየሱስ ሐዋርያት አንዱ ነበር። ለአይሁድ መሪዎች ኢየሱስን አሳልፎ የሰጠ እርሱ ነበር።
አስተማሪ ለሌሎች ሰዎች አዲስ መረጃ የሚሰጥ ሰው ነው። አስተማሪዎች ሰዎች ዕውቀትና ሙያ እንዲያገኙ ይረዳሉ
ቃል በቃል ሲወሰድ አስተምህሮ ትምህርት በተለይም ሃይማኖታዊ ትምህርት ማለት ነው።
“አስተዳደር” እና “አስተዳዳሪ” የተሰኙት ቃሎች የአንድ አገር ሰዎች ሥርዓት ባለው መንገድ እንዲኖሩ መምራትን ወይም ማስተዳደርን ያመለክታል።
አይሁድ በባቢሎን በምርኮ በነበሩበት ዘመን የፋርስ መንግሥት ልዕልት የሆነች አይሁዳዊት ሴት ናት።
ከመጽሐፈ አስቴር እንደምንመለከተው አስጢን የፋርስ ንጉሥ የአርጤክስስ ሚስት ነበረች።
አሼራ በብሉይ ኪዳን ዘመን ከነዓናውያን ያመልኳት የነበሩ ጣዖት ነበረች። “አስታሮት” ሌላው የአሼራ ስም ነው፥ ወይም ደግሞ ተመሳሳይ የሆነች ሌላ ጣዖት ስም ሊሆን ይችላል።
አሽዶድ ከአምስቱ በጣም ጠቃሚ የፍልስጥኤም ከተሞች አንዷ ነበረች። ሜድትራኒያን ባሕር አጠገብ ከከነዓን ደቡብ ምዕራብ፥ በጋዛና በኢዮጴ መካከል ግማሽ ርቀት ላይ ነበር የምትገኘው
አቂላ ከጥኩር በቀር ደቡባዊ ባሕር ዳርቻ ከነበረው ጻንጦስ አውራጃ የነበረ አየሁዳዊ ነበር፤
አቃሮን የፍልስጥኤማውያን ዋነኛ ከተማ ሲሆን የሚገኘው ከሜድትራንያን ባሕር ዘጠኝ ማይል ገባ ብሎ ያለ ቦታ ላይ ነበር።
አብርሃምና ይስሐቅ በከነዓን ምድር በሚኖሩበት ዘመን አቢሜሌክ በጌራራ አካባቢ የነገሠ ንጉስ ነበር ።
ከ 915- 913 ዓቅክ ነግሦ የነበር የይሁዳ ንጉሥ ስም ነው እርሱ የንጉሥ ሮብዓም ልጅ ነበር። ብሉይ ኪዳን ውስጥ አቢያ የሚል ስም የሚታወቁ ሌሎች ጥቂት ሰዎችም ነበሩ።
ቃል በቃል ከተወሰደ፣ “አባት” የአንድ ሰው ወንዱ ወላጅ ማለት ነው። ይህን ቃል በተመለከተ በርካታ ምሳሌያዊ አነጋገሮች አሉት።
ብሉይ ኪዳን ውስጥ፣ “አባቶች” ለሚለው ቃል የሚያመለክተው የአይሁድ ሕዝቡ መሥራች የሆኑትን አባቶች (ርዕሳነ አበው) በተለይም አብርሃም፣ ይስሐቅንና ያዕቆብን ነው።
አቤል የአዳምና የሔዋን ሁለተኛ ልጅ ነበር። እርሱ የቃየል ታናሽ ወንድም ነበር።
አቤሴሎም የዳዊት ሦስተኛ ወንድ ልጅ ነበር። በቁንጅናውና በቁመናው እንዲሁም በጣም ቅብጥብጥ በመሆኑ ይታወቃል።
አቤኔር የንጉሥ ሳኦል አጎት ልጅ ነበር።
አብራም የእስራኤላውያን አባት እንዲሆን እግዚአብሔር የመረጠው ከዑር ከተማ የመጣ ከለዳዊ ነበር። በኋላ ላይ እግዚአብሔር “አብርሃም” በማለት ስሙን ለውጦታል።
በንጉሥ ዳዊት ዘመን አብያታር የእስራኤል ሕዝብ ሊቀ ካህን ነበር።
አብድዩ በንጉሥ ሕዝቅያስ ዘመን ከነበሩ የእስራኤል ነቢያት አንዱ ነበር።
ከትንቢተ ዳንኤል እንደምንመለከተው አናንያ በምርኮ ዘመን ወደ ባቢሎን ተወስደው ስለነበሩ አስተዋይ አይሁዳውያን ወጣቶች አንዱ ነበር። ይበልጥ የሚታወቀው ሲድራቅ በተሰኘው ስሙ ነው።
አንበሳ እጁ የገባውን የሚገድልበትና የሚግነጣጥልበት ጥርሶችና ጥፍሮች ያሉት ባለ አራት እግር ትልቅ የዱር አውሬ ነው።
“አንበጣ” የሚለው ቃል የሚያመለክተው አንዳንዴ እጅግ በብዛት የሚመጡ፣ ያገኙትን ሁሉ የሚበሉ በጣም አጥፊ ትልቅ በራሪ ፌንጣዎች ናቸው።
“አንገተ ደንዳና” የሚለው ፈሊጣዊ አነጋገር ለእግዚአብሔር ባለ መታዘዝ የዳኑትንና ተግሣጹን የማይቀበሉ ሰዎችን ያመለክታል። እነዚህ ትዕቢተኞች ናቸው።
አዲስ ኪዳን ውስጥ አንጾኪያ የሁለት ከተሞች ስም ነበር፤አንደኛው ሜድትርያን ባሕር ዳርቻ አጠገብ በሶሪያ ነበር፤ሌላው ግን ቆላስያስ ከተማ አጠገበ በነረው ጺስዲያ ነበር።
አእምሮ የሚያስብና ውሳኔ የሚያደርግ የሰው ተፈጥሮ ክፍል ነው።
አኪያ ብሉይ ኪዳን ውስጥ የተለያዩ ሰዎች ስም ነው። የሚከተሉት ከእነዚህ ሰዎች ጥቂቶቹ ናቸው፣
“አካል” ቃል በቃል የሰው ወይም የእንስሳ ሥጋ ማለት ነው። ይህ ቃል አንድን ነገር ወይም በአንድ ቡድን ውስጥ ያሉ ግለ ሰቦችን ለማመልከትም ምሳሌያዊ በሆነ መልኩ ጥቅም ላይ ይውላል።
አካዝ ከ732 ዓቅከ - 716 ዓክከ የይሁዳን መንግሥት የገዛ በጣም ክፉ ንጉሥ ነበር። ይህ ይሆነው በእስራኤልና በይሁዳ የነበሩ ብዙ ሰዎች በምርኮ ወደ ባቢሎን ከመወሰዳቸው 140 ዓመት በፊት ነበር።
አካዝያስ የሁለት ንጉሦች ስም ነው፤አንደኛው የእስራኤል መንግሥት ስገዛ ሌላው የይሁዳን መንግሥት ገዛ።
አክሊል ንጉሦችና ልዕልታትን የመሳሰሉ መሪዎች ራሳቸው ላይ የሚያደርጉት ክብ ቅርጽ ያለው ጌጥ ነበር። አክሊል መድፋት አንድ ሰው ራስ ላይ አክሊል ማኖር ማለት ሲሆን፣ በምሳሌያዊ ትርጕሙ፣ “ማክበርን” ያመለክታል።
“አክብሮት” ለአንድ ሰው ወይም አንዳች ነገር ጥልቅ ስሜትና ክብር ያመለክታል።
አክዓብ ከ 875-854 ዓቅክ ስሜናዊ የእስራኤል መንግሥት ላይ ነግሦ የነበረ በጣም ክፉ ንጉሥ ነው።
አውራጃ አንድ ወረዳ ወይም የአገር ክፍል ነው።
መጽሐፍ ቅዱስ ውስጥ ብዙውን ጊዜ ስለሌላ “እንስሳ” ለመናገርም ጥቅም ላይ ይውል ነበር
በብሉይ ኪዳን ውስጥ አዛርያስ በሚባል ስም የታወቁ ሰዎች ነበሩ
“አዛዥ” የተወሰኑ ወታደሮችን የመምራትና የማዘዝ ኃላፊነት ያለውን የሰራዊት መሪ ያመለክታል።
አይሁድ በልጅ ልጁ በያዕቆብ በኩል የአብርሃም ዘር የሆኑ ሕዝብ ናቸው።
“አደባባይ” ዙሪያውን የተከበበና ከላይ በኩል ክፍት የሆነ ገላጣ አካባቢ ነው።
“አዲስ ኪዳን” የሚለው አገላለጽ የሚያመለክተው በልጁ በኢየሱስ ክርስቶስ መሥዋዕት በኩል እግዚአብሔር ከሕዝቡ ጋር ያደረገውን ስምምነት ወይም ውል ነው።
“አዲስ ጨረቃ” የሚባለው ጨረቃ በመሬት ምሕዋር ዙሪያ ስትጓዝ የሚኖራት የመጀመሪያው ገጽታዋ ነው። በዚህ ጊዜ ጨረቃ ፍጹም ጨለማ መስላ ትታያለች ወይም ጫፏ ላይ ትንሽ ማጭድ መሰል ቅርጽ ያለው ብርማ ብርሃን ይኖራታል።
አዳም እግዚአብሔር የፈጠረው የመጀመሪያ ሰው ነው።እርሱና ሚስቱ ሔዋን በእግዚአብሔር መልክና አምሳል ተፈጥረዋል።
“አዳኝ” የሚለው ቃል ሌሎችን የሚያድን ወይም የሚታደግ ሰውን ያመለክታል። ለሌሎች ብርታትን ወይም የሚያስፈልጋቸውን የሚሰጥ ሰውንም ያመለክታል
አዶንያስ የንጉሥ ዳዎት አራተኛ ልጅ ነው።
በመጽሐፍ ቅዱስ መሠረት “አገልጋይ” እና፣ “አገልግሎት” የተሰኙት ቃሎች እግዚአብሔርን በተመለከተ ሰዎችን በማስተማር፣ ለመንፈሳዊ ሕይወታቸውም በማሰብ ሌሎችን መርዳት ማለት ነው። በዚህ መልኩ ሰዎችን የሚረዳ ሰው አገልጋይ ይባላል።
አጋር የሦራ አገልጋይ ነበረች።
አጋንንት ያደሩበት ሰው የሚያደርገውንና የሚያስበውን የሚቆጣጠሩ አጋንንት ወይም ክፉ መናፍሳት ውስጥ ይኖራሉ።
አጋዘን ጫካዎች ውስጥ ወይም ተራሮች ላይ የሚኖር ግዙፍና የሚያምር ባለ አራት እግሮች እንስሳ ነው። ወንዱ አጋዘን በጣም ትላልቅ ቀንዶች አሉት።
ቃል በቃል ሲወስድ፣ “አጥፊ” የሚለው ቃል፣ “የሚያጠፋ ሰው” ማለት ነው።
አጽሎስ ግሪክ ዉስጥ ከነበረው እስክንድሪያ የመጣ ስለ እየሱስ ለሰወች ለማስተማር ልዩ ችሎታ የነበረው አይሁዳዊ ነበር።
አፍራታ በሰሜኑ የእሥራኤል ክፍል የሚገኝ የአንድ ከተማ ስም ነበር።
ኢሳይያስ የእግዚአብሔር ነቢይ ነበር።
ኤቄንዮን ደቡብ ማዕከላዊ እስያ ውስጥ (አሁን ቱርክ ያለችበት) የምትገኝ ከተማ ነበረች።
ኢትዮጵያ ከግብፅ በስተደቡብ ያለች አፍሪካዊት አገር ስትሆን፣ በስተምዕራብ የአባይ ወንዝ፣ በስተምሥራቅ ደግሞ ከቀይ ባሕር ጋር ትዋሰናለች። ከኢትዮጵያ ምድር የተገኘ ሰው ኢትዮጵያዊ ይባላል።
ኢየሩሳሌም በኋላ እጅግ ተፈላጊ የሆነች በመጀመሪያ የከነዓናውያን የነበረች ጥንታዊት ከተማ ነበረች። አሁንም ኢየሩሳሌም የዘመናዊት ኢየሩሳሌም ዋና ከተማ ነች።
ኢየሱስ የእግዚአብሔር ልጅ ነው። ኢየሱስ ማለት፣ “ያህዌ ያድናል” ማለት ነው። “ክርስቶስ” “የተቀባው” የሚል ትርጉም ያለው ቃል ሲሆን፣ መሲህ የሚለው ሌላ ቃል ነው።
ብሉይ ኪዳን ውስጥ ኢዩ ተብለው የሚጠሩ ሁለት ሰዎች አሉ።
ኢያሪኮ በተስፋው ምድር በከነዓን የነበረች በጣም ኅያል ከተማ ነበረች።
መጽሐፍ ቅዱስ ውስጥ ኢያሱ በመባል የሚታወቁ በርካታ ሰዎች አሉ። በጣም ታዋቂው የነዌ ልጅና የሙሴ ረዳት የነበረው በኋላም የእግዚአብሔር ሕዝብ ሁነኛ መሪ የሆነው ኢያሱ ነበር።
ኢያቡሳውያን፤ ያቡስ ከሚባል ሰው የተወለዱ በከነዓን የነበሩ ነገድ ናቸው።
ኢይዝራኤል ከጨው ባሕር ደቡብ ምዕራብ ነገድ ክልል ውስጥ የነበረች በጣም ጠቃሚ የእስራኤል ከተማ ስም ነው። ጥቂት የእስራኤል ንጉሦች ቤተመንግሥታቸውን የሠሩት እዚያ ነበር።
ኢዮራም የእስራኤል ንጉሥና የአክዓብና የኤልዛቤል ልጅ ነበር።
ብሉይ ኪዳን ውስጥ ኢዮራም ተብለው የሚጠሩ ሁለት ንጉሦች ነበሩ።
የናባጥ ልጅ ኢዮርብዓም ከ900-910 ዓቅክ ገደማ የሰሜናዊው የእስራኤል መንግሥት የመጀመሪያው ንጉሥ ነበር። ኢዮርብዓም የሚባል ሌላው ንጉሥ የኢዮአስ ልጅ ሲሆን ከ120 ዓመት በኋላ እስራኤልን ገዝቷል። አንዳንዴ፣ “ቀዳማዊ ኢዮርብዓም” እና “ዳግማዊ ኢዮርብዓም” ይባላሉ።
ብሉይ ኪዳን ውስጥ ኢዮሳፍጥ ቢያንስ የሁለት ሰዎች ስም ነበር።
ኢዮስያስ ለሰላሳ እንደ ዓመት የይሁዳን መግሥት የገዛ እግዚአብሔርን የሚፈራ ንጉሥ ነበር። ሕዝቡ በንስሐ እንዲመለሱና ያህዌን እንዲያመልኩ ለማበረታታት ብዙ ነገሮች አድርጓል።
ኢዮብ፣ በእግዚአብሔር ፊት ጻድቅና በደል የሌለበት እንደነበር መጽሐፍ ቅዱስ የሚናገርለት ሰው ነው። የበለጠ የሚታወቀው ታላቅ ስቃይና ሐዘን ቢደርስበትም በእግዚአብሔር በነበረው እምነት በመጽናቱ ነበር።
ብሉይ ኪዳን ውስጥ ኢዮአስ ተብለው የሚጠሩ ጥቂት ሰዎች ነበሩ።
ኢዮአቄም ከ60 ዓቅክ ጀምሮ በይሁዳ መንግሥት ላይ የነገሠ በጣም ክፉ ነጉሥ ነበር። እርሱ የንጉሥ ልጅ ነበር። መጀመሪያ ላይ ኤልያቄም ይባል ነበር።
ኢዮአቄም የይሁዳን መንግሥት ከገዙ ንጉሦች አንዱ ነበር።
ኢዮአብ በአገዛዝ ዘመኑ ሁሉ የንጉሥ ዳዊት ሁነኛ የጦር መሪ ነበር።
ብሉይ ኪዳን ውስጥ ኢዮአታም ተብለው የሚጠሩ ሦስት ሰዎች አሉ።
ኢዮኤል ብሉይ ኪዳን ውስጥ ያለውን ትንቢተ ኢዮኤል የጻፈ ነብይ ነበር፤ ትንቢተ ኢዮኤል የመጨረሻው የብሉይ ኪዳን ክፍል ከሆኑት አሥራ ሁለት አጫጭር ትንቢቶች አንዱ ነው።
መጽሐፍ ቅዱስ በተጻፈበት ዘመን ኢዮጴ ከተማ ከኢየሩሳሌም ሰሜናዊ ምዕራብ 30 ማይሎች ርቃ ሜድትራንያን ባሕር ላይ የምትገኝ በጣም ጠቃሚ የንግድ ባሕር ወደብ ነበረች።
ኤላም የሴም ልጅ፣ የኖኅ የልጅ ልጅ ነው።
ኤልሳቤጥ የመጥምቁ ዮሐንስ እናት ናት። የባልዋ ስም ዘካርያስ ነበር።
ኤልያስ አክዓብን፣ አካዝያን፣ ኢዮራምን፣ ያሑን፣ ኢዮአስንና ዮአስን በመሳሰሉ በርካታ የእስራኤል ነገሥታት ዘመን ነበር ያገለገለው።
ኤልዛቤል ዐመፀኛዋ የእስራኤል ንጉሥ የአክአብ ሚስት ነበረች።
ኤልያስ በጣም ታዋቅ ከሆኑት የያህዌ ነቢያት አንዱ ነበር። ንጉሥ አክዓብን ጨምሮ ኤልያስ በተለያዩ የእስራኤል ወይም የይሁዳ ነገሥታት ዘመን ነበር ያገለገለው።
ኤልያቄም የሁለት የብሉይ ኪዳን ሰዎች ስም ነው።
ኤሞር አይሁዳዊ ያልነበረ የያዕቆብ ጎረቤት የነበረ ሰው ነው።
ኤርምያስ በይሁዳ መንግሥት የእግዚአብሔር ነብይ ነበር።
ኤሳው ይስሐቅ ከርብቃ ከወለደቻቸው መንታ ልጆች ታላቁ ነበር፣ መንታ ወንድሙ ያዕቆብ ነበር።
ምድሪቱን እንዲወርሱ ኢያሱ እስራኤላውያንን እየመራ በወሰደ ጊዜ ኤዊያውያን በከነዓን ምድር ከነበሩ ሰባት ዋና ዋና ሕዝቦች አንዱ ነበሩ።
በጥንት ዘመን ኤደን እግዚአብሔር የመጀመሪያውን ወንድና ሴት ያኖረበት የአትክልት ቦታ ያለው አካባቢ ነበር።
ኤዶም፣ የኤሳው ሌላው ስም ሲሆን፣ ኤዶማውያን የእርሱ ዘሮች ናቸው። የኤዶም አገር ኤዶምያ ወይም ሴይር በመባልም ይታወቃል።
ኤፉድ እስራኤላውያን ካህናት ይለብሱት የነበረ መጎናጸፊያ ዐይነት ጨርቅ ነው። ትከሻ ላይ የሚገናኙ የፊትና የኋላ የሚባሉ ሁለት ክፍሎች ነበሩት፤ ከዚያም በጨርቅ መታጠቂያ ወገብ ላይ ይታሰር ነበር።
ኤፌሶን በአሁኑ ዘመን ቱርክ በምትባለው አገር ምዕራባዊ ባሕር ዳርቻ የነበረች ጥንታዊ የግሪክ ከተማ ነበረች።
ኤፍራጥስ በኤደን የአትክልት ቦታ ውስጥ ያልፉ ከነበሩ አራት ወንዞች አንዱ ነው። መጽሐፍ ቅዱስ ውስጥ በተደጋጋሚ የተጠቀሰ ወንዝ ነው፣ አንዳንዴ፣ “ወንዙ” በመባል በአጭር ቃል ተጠርቷል።
ኤፍሬም የዮሴፍ ሁለተኛ ልጅ ነው። የእርሱ ዘር የሆኑት ኤፍሬማውያን አስራ ሁለቱ የእስራኤል ነገዶች ከተሰባሰቡባቸው አንዱ ሆኗል።
ብዙውን ጊዜ፣ “እህል” የሚያመለክተው እንደ ስንዴ፣ ገብስ፣ በቆሎ፣ ማሽላ ወይም ሩዝን የመሳሰሉ ለምግብ የሚሆኑ እህል ዘሮችን ነው። አንዳንዴ ዘሩ ራሱን ያመለክታል።
በአጠቃላይ ደረጃ “እምነት” የሚያመለክተው በእግዚአብሔር፣ በሰው ወይም፣ በነገሮች መተማመንን፣ መደገፍን፣ ወይም፣ መመካትን ነው።
እምነት የለሽ፣ እምነት የለሽነት
“እምነት የሌለው” የማያምን ወይም ማመን የማይፈልግ ማለት ነው።
“እምነት” እኛ “መተማመን” አንድ ነገር እውነት መሆኑንና ያም ነገር በእርግጥ የሚፈጸም መሆኑን እርግጠኛ መሆንን ያመለክታሉ። በድፍረትና በልበ ሙሉነት መንቀሳቀስንም ያመለክታሉ።
እረኛ በጎችንና እነርሱን የመሳሰሉ እንስሳትን የሚጠብቅ ሰው ነው
እርሾ ሊጥ ኩፍ እንዲል የሚያደርግ ነገር ነው። እርሾ የገባበት ሊጥ የቦካ ይባላል።
ብዙውን ጊዜ “ጭፍጨፋ” በአንድ ጊዜ ብዙ እንስሳት ወይም ሰዎችን መግደል ወይም በአሰቃቂ ሁኔታ መግደል ነው። ማረድ በሚለው ቃል ከተጠቀምን ደግሞ ለመብል እንዲሆኑ ጥቂት እንስሳትን መግደልም ይሆናል
እሳት አንድ ነገር ሲቃጠል የሚገኝ ሙቀት፣ ብርሃንና ነበልባል ነው።
እሴይ የቦዔዝ የልጅ ልጅና የንጉሥ ዳዊት አባት ነው።
እስማኤል የአብርሃምና የሥራ አገልጋይ የነበረችው የአጋር ልጅ ነው።
እስራኤል እግዚአብሔር ለያዕቆብ የሰጠው ስም ነው። እስራኤል፣ “ከእግዚአብሔር ጋር ታገለ” ማለት ነው።
እስር ቤት የሚያመለክተው በጥፋታቸው እንዲቀቱ ወንጀለኞች የሚጠበቁበትን ቦታ ነው። እስረኛ እስር ቤት ውስጥ የሚጠበቅ ሰው ነው።
መጽሐፍ ቅዱስ ውስጥ፣ “እስትንፋስ” የሚለው ቃል ብዙውን ጊዜ ሕይወትን ለመስጠት ወይም በሕይወት መሆንን ለማመልከት በምሳሌያዊ መልኩ ጥቅም ላይ ውሏል።
መጽሐፍ ቅዱስ በተጻፈበት ዘመን፥ “እስያ” የሮም መንግሥት አውራጃ ስም ነበር። በአሁኑ ጊዜ ቱርክ ከሚባለው አገር ምዕራባዊ ክፍል ነበር የሚገኘው።
እስጢፋኖስ የመጀመሪያው ክርስቲያን ሰማዕት ማለትም በኢየሱስ በማመኑ የተገደለ የመጀመሪያ ሰው በመሆኑ ይበልጥ ይታወቃል። ሕይወቱንና አሟሟቱን የሚያመለክት ዝርዝር ሐዋርያት ሥራ የተሰኘው መጽሐፍ ውስጥ ተጽፏል
እበት የእንስሳ እዳሪ ሲሆን፣ መሬትን ለማለስለስ ወይም ለማዳበር በሚውልበት ጊዜ ማዳበሪያ ይባላል።
እባብ የዘንዶ ሌላ ስም ነው። በኤደን አትክልት ቦት ከሔውን ጋር በተናገረ ጊዜ ሰይጣን በዚህ ስም ነበር የተጠራው
እኅት የምትባለው ቢያንስ በአንዱ ወላጅ ከሌላው ጋር የምትጋራ እንስት ናት
ብዙውን ጊዜ ብሉይ ኪዳን ውስጥ እግዚአብሔር ስለ ራሱ ሲናገር በተውላጠ ስም ከመጠቀም ይልቅ፣ በራሱ መጠሪያ ስም ይጠቀማል።
“እንከን” ወይም ነውር አንድ እንስሳ ወይም ሰው ላይ ያለ ጉድለትን ወይም ሙሉ ያለመሆንን ያመለክታል። ሰዎች ላይ ያለ በደልን ወይም መንፈሳዊ ጉድለትንም ያመለክታል።
ኢየሱስ፣ “እንደ ገና መወለድ” በሚለው ቃል ለመጀመሪያ ጊዜ የተጠቀሰው እግዚአብሔር አንድን መንፈሳዊ ሙት የሆነ ሰው መንፈሳዊ ሕያው እንዲሆን እንደሚለውጠው ለማመልከት ነበር። “ከእግዚአብሔር መወለድ” ወይም፣ “ከመንፈስ መወለድ” የተሰኙትም ቃሎች አዲስ መንፈሳዊ ሕይወት የተሰጠውን ሰው ያመለክታሉ።
እንደ ራሴ(አምባሳደር)ሀገሩን በይፋ በመወከል ለውጪ አገሮች ጋር ግንኙነት እንዲያደርግ የሚመረጥ ሰው ነው፥ ምሳሌያዊ በሆነ መልኩ ጥቅም ላይ የሚውል ሲሆን አንዳንዴ ጠቅለል ባለ ሁኔታ፣ “ተወካይ” ተብሎም ይተረጎማል።
እንጀራ ውሃና ዘይት ተቀላቅሎ ከተቦካ ዱቄት ሊጥ ይሠራል። ከዚያ ሊጡ የእንጀራውን ወይም የዳቦውን ቅርጽ እንዲይዝ ተደርጎ ይጋገራል።
“እውነት” የሚለው ቃል ይተረጋገጠ ፅንሰ ሐሳብን፣ በትክክል የተፈጸመ ሁኔታንና በእርግጥ የተነገረ ቃልን ያመለክታል።
መጽሐፍ ቅዱስ ውስጥ፣ “እጅ” የሚለው ቃል በምሳሌያዊ አነጋገር በበርካታ ቦታዎች ጥቅም ላይ ውሏል።
መጽሐፍ ቅዱስ ውስጥ እግዚአብሔር አጽናፈ ዓለሙን ከምንም ያስገኘው ዘላለማዊ ፈጣሪን ያመለክታል። እግዚአብሔር አብ፣ ወልድና መንፈስ ቅዱስ በሚባሉ ሦስት አካሎች ተገልጧል። የእግዚአብሔር ተፀውዖ (መጠሪያ) ስም፣ “ያህዌ” ነው።
“እግዚአብሔር አብ” እና፣ “ሰማያዊ አባት” የተሰኙት ቃሎች የሚያመለክቱት አንዱን እውነተኛ አምላክ ያህዌን ነው። ይህ ቃል በተለይም ኢየሱስ ሲጠቀምበት “አባት” ተብሎም ተጠርቷል።
ኦርዮን ጻድቅ ሰውና ከንጉሥ ዳዊት ምርጥ ወታደሮች አንዱ ነበር።
ከለድ የመስጶጤምያ ወይም የባቢሎን ደቡባዊ ክፍል የነበረ ቦታ ነበር። በዚህ ቦታ የነበሩ ስዎች ከለዳውያን ይባሉ ነበር።
ከሊታውያን ምናልባት የፍልስጥኤም አካል የነበሩ ሕዝብ ነበሩ።
ከርቤ ከተለየ ዐይነት ዛፍ ሙጫ የሚዘጋጅ ቅመም ነው።
ከነዓን የኖኅ ወንዶች ልጆች አንዱ የነበረው የካም ልጅ ነበር። ከነዓናውያን የከነዓን ዘሮች ናቸው።
“ከንቱ” የሚለው ቃል የሚያመለክተው ምንም ጥቅም ወይም ዓላማ የሌለውን ነገር ነው። ከንቱ ነገሮች ባዶና እርባነ ቢስ ናቸው።
ከፍ ማድረግ በከፍተኛ ደረጃ ማመስገንና ማክበር ማለት ነው። ከፍ ያለ ደረጃ ላይ ማድረስንም ያመለክታል።
“ከፍታ ቦታዎች” የሚለው ሐረግ የጣዖት አምልኮ መሠዊያና ማምለኪያ ቤት የሚሠራባቸው ኮረብቶች ወይም ተራሮች ላይ ያሉ ቦታዎችን ያመለክታል።
“ከፍታ” እና “በከፍታ” የተሰኙ ቃሎች ሰማይን የሚያመለክቱ ፈሊጣዊ አነጋገር ናቸው።
ኩሽ የኖኅ ልጅ ካም ትልቁ ልጅ ነበር። የናምሩድ ጥንተ አባትም ነበር። ሁለቱ ወንድሞቹ ግብፅና ከነዓን ነበር።
ኪልቅያ አሁን የዘመኑ ቱርክ ካለችበት ደቡብ ምሥራቃዊ ክፍል የነበረች አነስተኛ የሮማውያን አውራጃ ነበረች። ከኤጂያን ባሕር ጋር ይዋሰናል።
“ኪሩብ” እና “ኪሩቤል” በመባል በብዙ ቊጥር የሚጠሩት እግዚአብሔር የፈጠራቸው የተለዩ ዓይነት ሰማያዊ አካሎች ናቸው። ኪሩቤል ክንፎችና የእሳት ነበልባል እንዳላቸው መጽሐፍ ቅዱስ ያመለክታል።
ኪዳን አንዱ ወይም ሁለቱም የሚፈጽሙት በሁለት ወገኖች መካከል የሚደረግ መደበኛ አሳሪ ስምምነት ነው።
መጽሐፍ ቅዱስ ውስጥ ካህን ሕዝብን በመወከል ለእግዚአብሔር መሥዋዕት የሚያቀርብ ሰው ነው። “ክህነት” እንዲህ ላለው ሰው ተግባር የተሰጠ ስም ወይም ቦታ ነው።
ካሌብ የከነዓንን ምድር እንዲሰልሉ ሙሴ ከላካቸው አሥራ ሁለት እስራኤላውያን አንዱ ነበር።
ካም ብሉይ ኪዳን ውስጥ ከተጠቀሱት ሦስቱ የኖኅ ልጆች ሁለተኛው ነው።
ካባ ወንዶችም ሆነ ሴቶች የሚለብሱት እጅጌ ረጃጅም ከውጭ የሚደረብ ልብስ ነው። ከኮት ጋር ይመሳሰላል።
ኬልቅያስ በንጉሥ ኢዮስያስ ዘመን የነበረ ሊቀ ካህን ስም ነው።
ኬብሮን ከኢየሩሳሌም ደቡብ 20 ማይሎች ርቀት ላይ ያለች ከፍታ ያለው ዐለታማ ኮረብታላይ የምትገኝ ከተማ ናት።
ኬጢያውያን በልጁ በከነዓን በኩል የካም ዘሮች ነበር። በአሁኑ ዘመን ቱርክ በሚባለውና ከፐስቲና በስተ ሰሜን ባለው አካባቢ ታላቅ መንግሥት ሆነው ነበር።
ክራርና መሰንቆ እስራኤላውያን እግዚአብሔርን ለማምለክት የሚጠቀሙባቸው ትናንሽ ባለ ገመድ የሙዚቃ መሣሪያዎች ናቸው።
ኢየሱስ ወደ ሰማይ ከሄደ ጥቂት ጊዜ በኋላ ስዎች “ክርስቲያን” የሚለውን ስም አወጡ፤ ክርስቲያን የክርቶስ ተከታይ ማለት ነው።
“መሲሕ” ወይም፣ “ክርስቶስ” የሚለው ቃል፣ “የተቀባ” ማለት ሲሆን፣ የእግዚአብሔር ልጅ ኢየሱስን ነው የሚያመለክተው።
“ክብር” የሚለው ቃል ብዙ ጊዜ ከሀብትና መልክ ጋር የሚያያዝ የላቀ ውበትና ግርማ ያመለክታል
“ክብር” የሚለው ቃል ለእግዚአብሔር ወይም ለሰው ልጅ የሚሰጥ የላቀ ቦታ፣ ግምት ወይም አክብሮታዊ ፍርሃት ነው።
በአጠቃላይ “ክብር” ማለት ምስጋና፣ ውበትና የላቀ ታላቅነት ማለት ነው። ክብር ያለው ነገር “የከበረ” ይባላል።
“ክፉ አድራጊ” ኀጢአትና ዐመጻን የሚያደርጉ ሰዎች አጠቃላይ መገለጫ ነው።
“ክፉ” እና “ዐመጸኛ” የተሰኙት ቃሎች ሁለቱም የእግዚአብሔርን ቅዱስ ባሕርይና ፈቃድ የሚቃወም ማንኛውንም ነገር ያመለክታሉ።
የኮሬብ ተራራ አሥሩ ትእዛዞች የተጻፈባቸው ሁለት የድንጋይ ጽላቶችን እግዚአብሔር ለሙሴ የሰጠበት የሲና ተራራ ሌላ ስም ነው።
ወራሽ የሚባለው የአንድ የሞተ ሰው ንብረት ወይም ገንዘብ የመቀበል ሕጋዊ ዕውቅና የተሰጠው ሰው ነው።
“ወሬ” አንድን ሁኔታ አስመልክቶ በቃል ወይም በጽሑፍ አንዱ ለሌላው የሚናገረው ነው።
ወርቅ ቢጫ መልክ ያለው በጣም ውድ ነገር ነው። በጥንት ዘመን ወርቅ ከማንኛውም የበለጠ ውድ ነገር ነበር።
መጽሐፍ ቅዱስ በተጻፈበት ዘመን ጣዖቶች፣ ጌጣጌጦች፣ መሠዊያዎች፣ የቃል ኪዳኑ ታቦት የተወሰነ ክፍልና መገናኛው ድንኳን ወይም ቤተ መቅደሱ ውስጥ የነበሩ ሌሎች ነገሮች የሚሠሩት ከወርቅ ነበር። አንዳንዴ፣ “ወርቅ” የሚባለው ወርቅ የተለበጠ እንጂ እውነተኛ ወርቅ ላይሆን ይችላል። በዚህ ጊዜ፣ “ወርቃማ” ወይም፣ “ወርቅ የተለበጠ” በተሰኙ ሐረጎች እንጠቀማለን።
ወርካ ረጅም፣ ትልቅ ግንድና ጥላ የሚሆኑ ሰፋፊ ቅርንጫፎች ያሉት ዛፍ ነው።
ወሲባዊ እርኩሰት የሚለው ኃረግ በአንድ ወንድ እና ሴት መካከል የከጋብቻ ውጪ የሚፈጸም ወሲብን ያመለክታል። ይህ ከእግዚአብሔር ሕግ ጋር ይቃረናል።
ብዙውን ጊዜ ወንድም የሚባለው ቢያንስ ከወላጆች ከአንዱ የተወለደ ወንድ ልጅ ነው።
“ወንጀል” ብዙውን ጊዜ የሚያመለክተው የአንድ አገርን ወይም መንግሥትን ሕግ የማፍረስ ኃጢአትን ነው። እንዲህ ያለውን በደል የፈጸመ ሰው ወንጀለኛ ይባላል።
“ወንጌላዊ” የኢየሱስ ክርስቶስን የምሥራች(ወንጌል) ለሰዎች የሚናገር ሰው ነው።
በመጽሐፍ ቅዱስ መሠረት ወይን መርገጫ የወይን ጠጅ ለመሥራት የወይኑ ፍሬ የሚረገጥበት ቦታ ነው።
ወይን ጠጅ ከወይን ፍሬ ጭማቂ የሚሠራ የተብላላ መጠጥ ነው። ያልተብላላው የወይን ፍሬ ጭማቂም በዚሁ ስም ይጠራል።
በብሉይ ኪዳን ዘመን፣ “ወይን ጠጅ ኀላፊ” ለንጉሡ ወይን በጽዋ የሚያቀርብ ሰው ሲሆን፣ ወይኑ ያልተመረዘ መሆኑን ለማረጋገጥ ብዙውን ጊዜ ኀላፊው መጀመሪያ እንዲቀምስ ይደረግ ነበር።
“ወዮ” ከፍ ያለ ጭንቀትና ሐዘንን ያመለክታል። ስለሚመጣው ከባድ ጥፋት ማስጠንቀቂያም ይሆናል።
“ወዳጅ” የሚለው ቃል፣ “የሚወድ ሰው” ማለት ሲሆን ብዙውን ጊዜ የሚያመለክተው ግብረ ሥጋዊ ግንኙነት ያላቸው ሰዎችን ነው።
ወገብ በታችኛው ጎድንና በዳሌ አጥንት መካከል የሚገኝ የሰው ወይም የእንስሳ አካል ክፍል ነው፣ አንዳንዴ ታችኛው የሆድ ዕቃም ይባላል።
“ወጥመድ” እና፣ “አሽከላ” የተሰኙት ቃሎች እንስሶችን ለመያዝና ከዚያ እንዳያመልጡ ለመድረግ ጥቅም ላይ የሚውሉ ነገሮች ናቸው። የሚጠመደውን እንስሳ በድንገት እንደያዘው ብዙውን ጊዜ ወጥመዱ ወይም አሽክላው ድብቅ ቦታ ላይ ይቀመጣል
መጽሐፍ ቅዱስ በተጻፈበት ዘመን ዋሽንት ከአጥንትና ከእንጨት የሚሠራ የሙዚቃ መሣሪያ ሲሆን ድምፅ እንዲያወጣ መተላለፊያዎች ይሠሩለትም ነበር።
“ዋይታ” እና፣ “ሰቆቃ” የተሰኙት ቃሎች የከባድ ለቅሶ፣ ሕዘን ወይም ትኬ መገለጫዎች ናቸው።
ይህ ቃል የሚያመለክተው መልካምም ሆነ ክፉ አንድ ሰው ላደረገው የሚቀበለውን ነገር ነው። “ዋጋ መስጠት” የሚያመለክተው የሚገባውን ነገር ለሰው መስጠትን ነው።
ከመጀመሪያው ትርጕሙ በተጨማሪ፣ “ውሃ” - እንደ ውቅያኖስ፣ ባሕር፣ ሐይቅ ወይም ወንዝን የመሳሰሉ የውሃ አካል ይጨምራል።
“ውድ” የሚለው ቃል በጣም የተወደዱ፣ በጥቂቱ የሚገኙ ወይም ከፍ ያለ ዋጋ ያላቸውን ሰዎች ወይም ነገሮችን ያመለክታል።
“ዐመድ” የሚለው የሚያመለክተው እንጨት ከተቃጠለ በኋላ የሚቀረውን ግራጫ ዱቄት መሳይ ነገርን ነው። ዋጋ ቢስ ውይም ጥቅም የሌለውን ነገር ለማመልከት ምሳሌያዊ በሆን መልኩ መጽሐፍ ቅዱስ ውስጥ ጥቅም ላይ ውሏል።
የትርጉም ሥራው ፕሮጀክት በሚጠቀምበት ቃል ተጠቀሙ
“ዐምድ” ጣራ ወይም ሌላውን የሕንጻ ክፍል ደግፎ ለመያዝ የሚያገለግል ቀጥ ብሎ የሚቆም ነገር ነው። “ምሰሶ” የዐምድ ሌላ ስም ነው።
ዐባይ ወንዝ በሰሜን ምሥራቅ አፍሪካ በጣም ረጅምና ሰፊ ወንዝ ነው።
ዐዋጅ የሚባለው ሕግን ወይም መምሪያን ለሰዎች በአደባባይ በግልጽ መናገር ነው።
“ዐይነት” እና “ዐይነቶች” የሚባሉት ባሕርያትን በመጋራት የተያያዙ ነገሮች ቡድን ወይም ምድብ ናቸው።
ዑር በጥንቱ ከለድያ አካባቢ ኤፍራጥስ ወንዝ ዳር የነበረ ጠቃሚ ከተማ ሲሆን የሚገኘው በዚህ ዘመን ኢራቅ በሚባለው አገር ውስጥ ነው።
ብዙውን ጊዜ፣ “ዓለም” የሚያመለክተው አጽናፈ ዓለሙ ውስጥ ሰዎች የሚኖሩበትን ማለትንን ማለትን ምድርን ነው። “ዓለማዊ” በዚህ ዓለም የሚኖሩ ሰዎችን ክፉ መንገድና አሠራር ያመለክታል።
ዓሣ አጥማጆች ለመግብ የሚሆናቸውንና ሸጠው ገንዘብ የሚያገኙበትን ዓሣ ከባሕር የሚያጠምዱ ሰዎች ናቸው። አዲስ ኪዳን በተጻፈበት ዘመን ዓሣ አጥማጆች ዓሣ የሚያጠምዱት በመረብ አማካይነት ነበር።
ዓሣማ ሰዎች ለምግብነት የሚያረቡት ባለ አራት እግርና ሸኾና ያለው እንስሳ ነበር። ሥጋው የዓሣማ ሥጋ ይባላል።
በብሉይ ኪዳን ዘመን ዓረባ የሚለው አገልላለጽ በዮርዳኖስ ወንዝ ዙሪያ በስትደቡብ ወደ ሰሜናዊ የቀይ ባህር ጫፍ የሚዘረጋ የነበረውን ሸለቆ ጨምሮ በጣም ስራ በረሐ ለጥ ያለ ሜዳ ያመለክታል።
ዓይንጋዲ ከኢየሩሳሌም ደቡብ ምሥራቅ ይሁዳ ምድረ በዳ ላይ የምትገኝ ከተማ ስማ ነው።
“ዕረፍት” የሚለው ቃል ዘና ለማለትና ኀይልን ለማደስ የሚሠሩትን ማቆም ማለት ነው።
ዕቁባት ቀድሞውኑ ሚስት ያለችው ወንድ ሁለተኛ ሚስት ናት። ብዙውን ጊዜ ዕቁባት የሰውየው ሕጋዊ ሚስት አትሆን።
ዕቡይ ሰው ከሚገባው በላይ ስለ ራሱ ከፍ ያለ ግምት አለው።
ከ . . . ጋር ግንኙነት፣ ከ . . . ጋር መተኛት፣ አብሮ ተኛ መጽሐፍ ቅዱስ ውስጥ እነዚህ ቃሎች በተዘዋዋሪ ግብረ ሥጋ ግንኙነት መፈጸምን የሚያመለክቱ ናቸው።
“ትዕቢተኛ” እና፣ “ትዕቢት” ስለ ራሱ ከፍ ያለ ሐሳብ ያለውንና ከሌሎች የበለጠ እንደ ሆነ የሚያስብን ሰው ያመለክታል።
“ዕብራውያን” በይስሐቅና በያዕቆብ ዘር ሐረግ በኩል የተገኙ የአብርሃም ዘሮች ናቸው። መጽሐፍ ቅዱስ ውስጥ፣ “ዕብራዊ” ተብሎ የተጠራ የመጀመሪያ ሰው አብርሃም ነበር። “ዕብራውያን” በይስሐቅና በያዕቆብ ዘር ሐረግ በኩል የአብርሃም ዘር የሆኑ ሕዝብ ናቸው። መጽሐፍ ቅዱስ ውስጥ “ዕብራው” ተብሎ የተጠራ የመጀመሪያ ሰው አብርሃም ነው።
ዕንባቆም በይሁዳ ንጉሥ በኢዮአቄም ዘመነ መንግሥት የነበረ የብሉይ ኪዳን ነቢይ ነው።
ዕዝራ እስራኤላዊ ካህንና የአይሁድ ሕግ ሊቅ ነበር፤ ለ70 ዓመት በባቢሎን ምርኮ ከኖሩ በኋላ ወደኢየሩሳሌም የተመለሱ እስራኤላውያንን ታሪክ በጽሁፍ ያሰፈረ እርሱ ነበር።
ዕጣን እሳት ላይ በሚደረግበት ጊዜ ደስ የሚል ሽታ የሚሰጥ ጣፋጭ መዓዛ ያላቸው ቅመሞድ ድብልቅ ነው። እነዚህ ቅመሞች ከዕፅዋት ክፍሎች የተገኙ ሲሆኑ፣ በጣም ጥቃቅን እስኪሆኑ ድረስ ይደቅቃሉ።
ዕጣን ከዛፍ ሙጫ የሚገኝ ጣፋጭ ሽታ ያለው ቅመም ነው። ሽቱኑ ሌላም ጣፋጭ መዓዛ ያለው ነገር ለመሥራት ያገለግላል።
ነጻ መሆን፣ ነጻነት፣ አርነት “ነጻ መሆን” ወይም፣ “ነጻነት” ባርያ አለመሆንን በምንም ዓይነት ቀንበር ሥር አለመሆንን ያመለክታል።
“ዕጣ” አድልዎ የሌለበት ምርጫ ወይም ውሳኔ ለማድረግ ሲታሰብ ሰዎች ምልክት የተደረገባቸው ተመሳሳይ ነገሮችን ይጥላሉ ወይም ከሌሎች ተመሳሳይ ነገሮች መካከል አንዱን ማንሣት ማለት ነው። እግዚአብሔር ምን እንዲያድረርጉ እንደሚፈልግ ማወቅ የሚፈልጉ ሰዎች ብዙውን ጊዜ ዕጣ በመጣል ዕጣ በማውጣት ይጠቀሙ ነበር።
ዕፍረት አንድ ሰው ወይም ሌላው ካደረገው መጥፎ ወይም ተገቢ ያልሆነ ነገር የተነሣ የሚደርስ ውርደት ወይም ጥሩ ስሜት እንዳይኖር የሚያደርግ ሕመም ነው
ዖምሪ በኋላ ስድስተኛው የእስራኤል ንጉሥ የሆነ የጦር አዛዥ ነበር።
በ800 ዓቅክ ዖዝያ በ16 ዓመቱ የይሁዳ ንጉሥ ሆነ፤ ለ52 ዓመት በኢየሩሳሌም ነገሠ፤ ይህ በጣም ረጅም ዘመን ነበር። ዖዝያ “አዛርያስ” ተብሎም ይጠራል።
መጽሐፍ ቅዱስ ውስጥ “ዘላለም” የሚያመለክተው ፍጻሜ የሌለውን ጊዜ ነው። አንዳንዴ፣ በታም ረጅም ጊዜን ለማመልከትም ጥቅም ላይ ይውላል።
“ዘላለም” እና “ዘላለማዊ” በጣም ተመሳሳይ ትርጉም ያላቸው ሲሆን፣ የሚያመለክቱት ሁሌም የሚኖር ወይም ማለቂያ ማብቂያ የሌለውን ነገር ወይም ሁኔታ ነው።
“ዘመን/ዕድሜ” አንድ ሰው የኖረበት ዓመት ቁጥር ያመለክታል አጠቃላይ በሆነ መልኩ ጊዜን ወይም ወቅትን ያመለክታል።
“ዘመድ” በሥጋና በደም የቅርብ ግንኙነት ያለው ሰው ነው።
ብሉይ ኪዳን ውስጥ ዘሩባቤል ተብለው የተጠሩ ሁለት ሰዎች ነበር።
መዝራት ተክል ለማግኘት ዘሮችን ምድር ውስጥ ማኖር ማለት ነው። ይህን የሚያደርግ ሰው፣ “ዘሪ” ይባላል
ዘር እርሱን የመሳሰሉ ብዙ ዘሮች እንዲገኙ መሬት ላይ የሚዘራ ወይም የሚተከል የአትክልት ክፍል ነው። በርካታ ምሳሌያዊ ትርጉሞችም አሉት
ዘር (ልጅ) ቀጥተኛ የደምና ሥጋ ዝምድና ያለው ወይም የሩቅ ዘመድ የሆነ ሰው ነው።
ዘብድዎስ ዓሣ አጥማጅ የገሊላ ሰው ነበር። ያዕቆብና ዮሐንስ የተባሉ ሁለት ልጆቹ አብረውት ይሠሩ ነበር። በኋላ ግን ሥራቸውን ትተው ሁለቱም የኢየሱስ ደቀ መዛሙርት ሆኑ።
“ዘንባባ” ረጃጅም፣ በቀላሉ የሚተጣጠፍ፣ ከጫፉ ጀምሮ እንደማራገቢያ ዓይነት ቅጠል ያበዛባቸው ቅርንጫፎች ያሉት ረጅም የዛፍ ዘር ነው።
ብሉይ ኪዳን ውስጥ ዘካርያስ ተብለው የተጠሩ ብዙ ሰዎች ነበሩ። ከእነርሱም ዋና ዋናዎቹ፣
ዘካርያስ በኋላ መጥምቁ ዮሐንስን የወለደ የአይሁድ ካህን ነበር።
ዘኬዎስ የኢያሪኮ ሰው ሲሆን፣ በጣም የሚታወቀው ኢየሱስን ለማየት ዛፍ ላይ በመውጣቱ ነው።
ዘዓር እግዚአብሔር ሰዶምና ገሞራን ሲያጠፋ ሎጥ ሮጦ ያመለጠባት ትንሽ ከተማ ነበረች።
ዘይት ከአንዳንድ ተክሎች ወይም ፍሬዎች ሊገኝ የሚችል ወፈር ያለ ፈሳሽ ነገር ነው። መጽሐፍ ቅዱስ በተጻፈበት ዘመን አብዛኛውን ጊዜ ዘይት የሚገኘው ከወይራ ፍሬዎች ነው።
ዙፋን አብዛኛውን ጊዜ ወሳኝ በሆኑ ጉዳዮች ፍርድ ለመስጠት ንጉሥ የሚቀመጥበት የተለየ ወንበር ነው።
ዙፋን አብዛኛውን ጊዜ ወሳኝ በሆኑ ጉዳዮች ፍርድ ለመስጠት ንጉሥ የሚቀመጥበት የተለየ ወንበር ነው።
ዛብሎን የያዕቆብና የልያ የመጨረሻ ልጅ ሲሆን፣ ከአሥራ ሁለቱ የእስራኤል ነገዶች የአንዱ ስም ነበር።
“ዜና መዋዕል” የሚለው ቃል በዘመናት ውስጥ በጽሑፍ የሰፈረ ሰነድን ነው።
አንድ ዜጋ በአንድ የተወሰነ አገር ወይም መንግሥት ውስጥ የሚኖር ሰው ነው። በተለይም የዚያ አገር ነዋሪ መሆኑን በልጽ ዕውቅና የተሰጠው ሰውን ያመለክታል።
“ዝሙት አዳሪነት” ወይም፣ “ግልሙትና” ገንዘብ ለማግኘት ወይም፣ ለሃይማኖታዊ ሥርዓት የግብረ ሥጋ ግንኙነትን የሚፈጽም ሰው ያመለክታል። ብዙውን ጊዜ ዝሙት አዳሪዎችና ጋለሞቶች ሴቶች ቢሆኑም፣ አንዳንዴ ወንዶችም ሊሆኑ ይችላሉ።
“ዝሙት” አንድ ያገባ ሰው የትዳር ጓደኛው ካልሆነች ጋር ግብረ ሥጋ ግንኙነት መፈጸምን ኃጢአት ያመለክታል። “ዘማዊነት”የዚህ ዐይነት ተግባርን ወይም ይህን ኃጢያት የሚያደርግ ሰው ድትጊት ያመለክታል።
“ዝቅተኛ” እና፣ “ዝቅተኝነት” የተሰኙት ቃሎች ድህነትን ወይም ዝቅ ያሉ ማንነትና ደረጃን ያመለክታሉ።
“ዝግባ” የሚለው ቃል ቀይ ቡናማ እንጨት ያለው ሾጣጣ ጫፍ ያለውን ግዙፍ ዛፍ ያመለክታል። እንደ ሌሎች ሾጣጣ ዛፎች ሁሉ እንደ መርፌ የሾሉ ቅጠሎች አሉት።
“ሐሰተኛ ምስክር” እና “ጠማማ ምስክር” ሰዎችን ወይም ሁኔታዎችን በተመለከተ እውነቱን የማይናገር ሰው ሲሆን፣ ብዙውን ጊዜ እንዲህ ሲደረግ የሚታየው በመደበኛ ፍርድ ቦታ ነው።
“የሕይወት መጽሐፍ” የሚለው ቃል እርሱ ያዳናቸውንና የዘላለም ሕይወት ያሰጣቸውን ሰዎች ስም የጻፈበትን መዝገብ ያመለክታል።
“የመወለድ መብት” የተሰኘው ቃል ከቤተ ሰቡ የተወለዱ የመጀመሪያ ወንድ ልጅ ያለውን ክብር፣ ከቤተ ሰቡ መጠራትንና ሀብት መወሰድን መደበኛ መብት ያመለክታል።
የመጠጥ ቍርባን ወይን ጠጅ መሠዊያ ላይ ማፍሰስን የሚያካትት ለእግዚአብሔር የሚቀርብ መሥዋዕት ነው። ብዙውን ጊዜ የሚቀርበው ከሚቃጠል መሥዋዕትና ከእህል መሥዋዕት ጋር በአንድነት ነው።
“የመጨረሻ ቀን” ወይም፣ “የመጨረሻዎቹ ቀኖች” በአጠቃላይ የሚያመለክቱት በአጠቃላይ ኢየሱስ ወደሚመለስበት ጊዜ የሚያደርሱ ወቅቶች ናቸው።
“ቀን” ቃል በቃል 24 ሰዓት ውስጥ ያለው ጊዜ ነው። ምሳሌያዊ ሆነ መንገድም ጥቅም ላይ ይውላል።
“ወር” ሲባል አራት ሳምንት ገደማ ያለው ወቅ ነው። እንደምንጠቀምበት የጊዜ አቆጣጠር (በጨረቃ ወይም በፀሐይ) መሠረት አንድ ወር ውስጥ ያሉ ቀኖች ሊለያዩ ይችላሉ።
ብዙውን ጊዜ መጽሐፍ ቅዱስ ውስጥ ሰዓቱ የሚለው ቃል ብዙውን ጊዜ ጥቅም ላይ የሚውለው አንድ ነገር የተፈጸመበትን ጊዜ ለይቶ ለመናገር ነው።
ሳምንት ሰባት ቀኖች ያሉት ጊዜ ነው።
መጽሐፍ ቅዱስ በተጻፈበት ዘመን፣ “ትጋት” ይባል የነበረው አንድ የከተማ ጠባቂ ወይም ዘበኛ ጠላት ከሚሰነዝረው የትኛውም ጥቃት ለመጠበቅ ግዳጅ ላይ የሚሆንበት የሌሊቱ ጊዜ ነው።
መጽሐፍ ቅዱስ ውስጥ ቃል በቃል ጥቅም ላይ ከዋለ፣ “ዓመት” 354 ቀኖች የያዙ ጊዜን ያመለክታል። ይህ ጨረቃ በምድር ዙሪያ ለመዞር የሚወስድባትን ጊዜ መጸት እንደማይደርገው እንደ ጨረቃ አቆጣጠር ነው።
“የሚቃጠል መሥዋዕት” የሚባለው መሠዊያው ላይ በእሳት ተቃጥሎ ለእግዚአብሔር የሚቀርብ መሥዋዕት ዐይነት ነው። የሚቃጠለው ለሕዝቡ ኀጢአት ስርየት ለመሆን ነው። “በእሳት መሠዋት” ተብሎም ይጠራል።
“የሚያሰክር መጠጥ” የሚለው ቃል፣ የተብላሉ መጠጦችን ያመለክታል፣ “አልኮል” መጠጥም ይባላል
«የሚያስደስ ነገር» ማለት ሰውን በእጅጉ የሚያስደት ወይንም በዙ ሐሴትን የሚያመጣ ነገር ማለት ነው በ አንድ ነገር መደሰት ማለት
“የሚገባው” የሚለው ቃል ክብርና ምስጋና መቀበል ያለበትን ያመለክታል። “ዋጋ ያለው” ውድ ወይም ጠቃሚ ነገርን ያመለክታል። “ዋጋ ቢስ” ግን ለምንም የማይጠቅም ማለት ነው።
የማኅፀን ፍሬ በሥጋና በደም ከሰዎች ወይም ከእንስሳት ለሚወዱ ሁሉ የሚሰጥ አጠቃላይ ቃል ነው።
“የማእዘን ድንጋይ” የሚለው ሐረግ ልዩ በሆነ ሁኔታ ተጠርቦ የሕንጻው መሠረት አንድ ጥግ ላይ የሚቀመጥ ትልቅ ድንጋይ ነው።
“የማይጠቅም” አንዳች ጠቀሜታ የሌለው ማለት ነው።
ቃል በቃል የምሥራች ማለት ሲሆን፣ ሰዎችን የሚጠቅምና ደስ የሚያሰኛቸውን መልእክት ያመለክታል።
“የምግብ ቁርባን” የሚባለው ለእግዚአብሔር መሥዋዕት የሚቀርብ እህል ወይም እንጀራ ነው።
“ምጥ” ላይ ያለች ሴት ልጅ ከመውለዷ በፊት ሕመም ይደርስባታል፤ ይህም “የምጥ ጣር” ይባላል።
የራስ ቅል የአንድ ሰው ራስ አጥንት የሆነው ክፍል ነው
“የሰራዊት ጌታ ያህዌ” እና፣ “የሰራዊት ጌታ” የሚሉት ሐረጎች ለእርሱ በሚታዘዙ እጅግ ብዙ መላእክት ላይ እግዚአብሔር ያለውን ሥልጣን የሚገልጡ አባባሎች ናቸው።
የሰው ልጅ“የሰው ልጅ” የሚለው ሐረግ ብዙ ጊዜ ኢየሱስ ራሱን የሚጠራበት ስም ነበር። ብሉይ ኪዳን ውስጥ፣ “የሰው ልጅ” ማንኛውም ሰው የሚታወቅበት ስም ነበር
ጥቅሶች እርሱ እግዚአብሔር መሆኑን ያመለክታሉ
“የስርየት መክደኛ” ከወርቅ የተሠራ ጠፍጣፋ ነገር ሲሆን የታቦቱን የላይኛ ክፍል ለመሸፈን ጥቅም ላይ ይውል ነበር። አንዳንድ ትርጉሞች “የስርየት መሸፈኛ” ይሉታል
እግዚአብሔር በሲና ተራራ ሕጉን በሰጠ ጊዜ የስብሰባ ድንኳን እንዲሠሩ ለእስራኤላውያን ተናግሮ ነበር። ይህ ከእነርሱ ጋር የሚገናኝበት የተቀደሰ ቦታ ነበር። በምድረ በዳ በሚጓዙበት ጊዜ ይዘውት ይሄዱ ነበር፤ እግዚአብሔር ሲነግራቸው መልሰው ይተክሉት ነበር። * የስብሰባው ድንኳን የእንጨት ማዕቀፎች ላይ በተዘረጋ ጨርቅ የተሠራ ቤት ነበር።
የበላይ ተማልካች የሚለው ሐረግ የሚያመለክተው የሌሎች ሰዎች መብትና ጥቅም መከበሩን የመቆጣጠር ሥራ በኅላፊነት የሚከታተል ሰው ነው።
“በደል” የሚለው ቃል የሚያመለክተው ኀጢአት ማድረግን ወይም ወንጀል መፈጸምን ነው።
“በደል” የሚለው ቃል የሚያመለክተው ኀጢአት ማድረግን ወይም ወንጀል መፈጸምን ነው።
የፈቃደኝነት መሥዋዕት ማለትበሙሴ ሕግ ያልተጠየቀ የመሥዋዕት አይነት ነው። የበጎ ፈቃድ ስጦታ ማለት የአይሁድ ሕግ ከሚጠይቀው መሥዋዕት የበለጠ ወይም ያለፈ መሥዋዕት ማለት ነው።
የበጎ ፈቃድ ስጦታ ማለት የአይሁድ ሕግ ከሚጠይቀው መሥዋዕት የበለጠ ወይም ያለፈ መሥዋዕት ማለት ነው።
“የባሕር አውሬ” ውቅያኖስ ወለል ላይ ያሉትን የባሕር ሣሮችንና ተክሎችን የሚበላ ግዙፍ የባሕር እንስሳ ነው
“የቤት እንስሶች” የሚባሉት ምግብና ሌሎችም ጠቃሚ ነገሮች ለማግኘት ሰፈር ውስጥ የሚያድጉ እንስሳት ናቸው።
“የተመረጠ” ወይም፣ “ምርጦች” የሚለው ቃል በቃል፣ “የተመረጡት” ወይም፣ “የተመረጠ ሕዝብ” ማለት ሲሆን አባባሉ የእርሱ ሕዝብ እንደሆኑ እግዚአብሔር የመደባቸውን ወይም የመረጣቸውን ያመልክታል። “የተመረጡ” ወይም፣ “በእግዚአብሔር የተመረጠው፣ የተመረጠ መሲሕ የሆነው የኢየሱስ መጠሪያ ነው።
ማቴዎስ በሚያቀርበው የክርስቶስ ልደት ታሪክ መሠረት እነዚህ፣ “የተማሩ” ወይም፣ “ያወቁ” ሰዎች ኢየሱስ በቤተ ልሔም በተወለደ ጊዜ እዚያ ድረስ ስጦታዎች ያመጡለት “ጠቢብባን ሰዎች” ነበር። ምናልባትም ከዋክብትን የሚያጠኑ ኮከብ ቆጣሪዎች ለሆኑ ይችላሉ።
“የተስፋ ምድር” የሚለው ቃል ጥቅም ላይ የዋለው በመጽሐፍ ቅዱስ ታሪኮች እንጂ በጠቅላላው መጽሐፍ ቅዱስ አይደለም። ለአብርሃምና ለዘሮቹ እንደሚሰጥ እግዚአብሔር ቃል የገባላት የምድረ ከነዓን አማራጭ ቃል ነው።
ነቢይ፣ ትንቢት፣ ትንቢት ተናገረ፣ ተመልካች፣ ነቢዪት “ነቢይ” የእግዚአብሔርን መልእክት ለሰዎች የሚናገር ሰው ነው። ይህን የምታደርግ ሴት ነቢዪት ትባላለች።
“የተቀደሰ” የሚለው ቃል ቅዱስ የሆነና ለእግዚአብሔር ክብር የተለየ ነገርን ያመለክታል
“የተወደደ” በሌላው ሰው የተወደደና ውድ የሆነ ሰውን የሚያሳይ የፍቅር መገለጫ ቃል ነው
“የተጠላ” የሚለው ቃል የሚያመለክተው የማይወደድና የተናቀ ነገር ነው። አንድን ነገር “መጥላት” ያንን ነገር አጥብቆ አለመውደድ ማለት ነው።
“እንደ ተጻፈ” ወይም፣ “የተጻፈው” የተሰኙት ቃሎች አዲስ ኪዳን ውስጥ ተደጋግመው ጥቅም ላይ ውለዋል፣ ብዙውን ጊዜ የሚያመለክቱት በዕብራውያን ቅዱሳት መጻሕፍት የተጻፉ ትእዛዞች ወይም ትንቢቶች ነው።
“የኅብረት መሥዋዕት” እስራኤላውያን ለእግዚአብሔር እንዲያቀርቡ ከታዘዙት በርካታ የመሥዋዕት ስጦታዎች አንዱ ነበር። “የምስጋና መሥዋዕት” ወይም፣ “የሰላም መሥዋዕት” ተብሎም ይጠራል።
የኅብረት መሥዋዕት ብሉይ ኪዳን ውስጥ የሰላም መሥዋዕት ተብሎ ይጠራል። ተባዕት ወይም እንስት እንስሳ መሥዋዕት የሚቀርብበት ነው።
የኅጢአት መሥዋዕት ለተፈጸመው ኅጢአት ይቅርታ ለማግኘት ይቀርብ የነበረ መሥዋዕት ነበር
የአራተኛው ክፍል ገዥ የሚባለው የሮም መንግሥትን የተወሰነ ክፍል በመግዛት ላይ ያለ ባለ ሥልጣንን ነው። እያንዳንዱ የአራተኛው ክፍል ገዥ ከሮም ንጉሥ ሥልጣን ሥር ነበር።
የአይሁድ መሪዎች ካህናትንና የሕግ ምሑራንን የመሳሰሉ የሃይማኖት መሪዎች ነበሩ።
የእህል ቍርባን የሚባለው ብዙውን ጊዜ ከሚቃጠል መሥዋዕት በኋላ ለእግዚአብሔር የሚቀርበውን የስንዴ ወይም የገብስ ዱቄት ነው።
ንጉሥ ሰሎሞን ከሞተ በኋላ እስራኤላውያን በሁለት መንግሥታት ተከፈሉ። የእስራኤል መንግሥት አሥሩን ነገዶች የያዘው ሰሜናዊ መንግሥት ነበር።
“የእውነት ቃል” የእግዚአብሔር ቃል ወይም ትምህርት ሌላ መጠሪያ ነው።
“የእግር መረገጫ” አንድ ሰው እግሮቹን በተለይም በሚቀመጥ ጊዜ እግሮቹን የሚያሳርፍበት ነገር ነው። መገዛትንና ዝቅ ያለ ማንነትን የሚያመለክት ትርጕም ያለው ምሳሌያው ቃልም ነው።
“የእግዚአብሔር ልጅ” ሰው ሆኖ ወደ ዓለም የመጣውን ቃል ኢየሱስን ያመለክታል። ብዙውን ጊዜ፣ “ልጁ” ተብሎም ይጠራል
“የእግዚአብሔር ልጆች” በርካታ ትርጉሞች ያሉት ምሳሌያዊ አነጋገር ሊሆን ይችላል
“የእግዚአብሔር ሕዝብ” የተሰኘው ሐረግ ከእርሱ ጋር የተለየ ግንኙነት እንዲኖረው እግዚአብሔር ከዓለም የጠራውን ሕዝብ ነው።
“የእግዚአብሔር መንግሥት” እና፣ “መንግሥተ ሰማይ” የሚሉት ሁለቱም የሚያመለክቱት በሕዝቡና በፍጥረት ሁሉ ላይ እግዚአብሔር ያለውን አገዛዝ ነው።
የእግዚአብሔር ሰው የተሰኘው ፈሊጣዊ አነጋገር የያህዌ ነቢይ በአክብሮት የሚጠራበት ቃል ነው።
መጽሐፍ ቅዱስ ውስጥ “የእግዚአብሔር ቃል” የሚባለው እግዚአብሔር ለሰዎች የተናገረው ማንኛውንም ነገር ያመለክታል። ይህም ንግግርና በጽሑፍ የሰፈረ መልእክትን ይጨምራል። ኢየሱስ ራሱ፣ “የእግዚአብሔር ቃል” ተብሏል።
መጽሐፍ ቅዱስ ውስጥ፣ “የእግዚአብሔር ቤት” እና፣ “የያህዌ ቤት” የተሰኙት ሐረጎች የሚያመለክቱት እግዚአብሔር የሚመለክትበትን ቦታ ነው።
“አምሳያ” የሚለው ሌላውን የሚመስል፣ በጸባይም ሆነ በጥንተ ተፈጥሮው ሌላውን የመሰለ ማለት ነው። “የእግዚአብሔር አምሳል” የሚለው ሐረግ እንደ አውዱ ሁኔታ በተለያየ መንገድ ጥቅም ላይ ይውላል።
“የእግዚአብሔር ፈቃድ” የሚያመለክተው የእግዚአብሔርን ፍላጎትና እቅድ ነው።
ኢየሱስ በዚህ ምድር በነበረ ጊዜ የካህናት አለቆች ከፍ ያለ ሥልጣን የነበራቸው የአይሁድ ሃይማኖት መሪዎች ነበሩ።
የክርስቶስ ተቃዋሚ የሚለው አገላለጽ እየሱስ ክርስቶስንና ሥራውን የሚቃወም ሰውን ወይም ትምህርትን ነው የሚያመለክተው በዓለም ውስጥ ብዙ የክርስቶስ ተቃዋሚዎች አሉ።
የወይራ ፍሬ ከወይራ ዛፍ የሚገኝ ትንሽ ሾጣጣ ቅርጽ ያለው ፍሬ ሲሆን፣ አብዛኛውን ጊዜ የሚገኘው በሜድትራኒያን ባሕር አካባቢዎች ነው።
የወይን እርሻ ወይም ልማት ወይን የሚበቅልበት ወይን፣ በእንክብካቤ የሚያድግበት ቦታ ነው።
“የወይን ዛፍ” ወይን የሚያፈራ የዛፍ ዓይነት ነው።
ወይን ፍሬ የወይን ሐረጉ እዚህና እዚያ ተበታትነው የሚያድጉ ትናንሽ ክብ ፍሬዎች ናቸው። ወይን ጠጅ የሚሆነው እነዚህ ፍሬዎች ተጨምቀው ነው።
“የዋህ” የሚለው ቃል ጨዋ፣ እሺ ባይና መከራን በትዕግሥት የሚቀበልን ሰው ያመለክታል። መናደድ ኀይል መጠቀም ተገቢ መስሎ ቢታይ እንኳ ጨዋ ሆኖ ለመገኘት የዋህነት ታላቅ ችሎታ ነው።
“የደም መፍሰስ” በግድያ፣ በጦርነት ወይም በሌላ አደጋ የሰዎችን ሞት ያመለክታል።
“የዳዊት ቤት” የተሰኘው ፈሊጣዊ አነጋገር የንጉሥ ዳዊትን ቤተ ሰብ ወይም ዘር ያመለክታል።
“የዳዊት ከተማ” የኢየሩሳሌምና የቤተልሔም ሌላው ስም ነው።
የገሊላ ባሕር ምሥራቃዊ እስራኤል ያለ ሐይቅ ነው። የገሊላ ባሕር በዮርዳኖስ ወንዝ ውስጥ ወደ ደቡብ ከዚያም ወደ ሙት ባሕር ይፈስሳል።
የገሊላ ባሕር ምሥራቃዊ እስራኤል ያለ ሐይቅ ነው። የገሊላ ባሕር በዮርዳኖስ ወንዝ ውስጥ ወደ ደቡብ ከዚያም ወደ ሙት ባሕር ይፈስሳል።
“የያህዌ ቀን” የተሰኘው የብሉይ ኪዳን አገላለጽ ከኀጢአታቸው የተነሣ እግዚአብሔር ሕዝቡን የሚቀጣበትን የተለየ ቀን ወይም ቀኖች ለማመልከት ጥቅም ላይ ውሏል።
“የጌታ እራት” የሚለውን ቃል ሐዋርያው ጳውሎስ የተጠቀመበት በአይሁድ መሪዎች በተያዘበት ሌሊት ኢየሱስ ከደቀ መዛሙርቱ ጋር የበላውን የፋሲካ ምግም ለማመልከት ነበር።
“የግብረ ሥጋ ኅጢአት” የሚባለው በወንድና በሴት መካከል ካለው ጋብቻ ውጪ የሚደረግ ማንኛውም የግብረ ሥጋ ግንኙነት ነው። እንዲህ ያለው ከእግዚአብሔር ዕቅድ ውጪ ነው።
ሙት ባሕር ተብሎም የሚጠራው የጨው ባሕር የሚገኘው በምዕራብ በኩል ከእስራኤል በስተደቡብና በምሥራቅ በኩል ከሞአብ መካከል ነው
የጽዮን ሴት ልጅ የእስራኤልን ሕዝብ የሚያመለክት ምሳሌያዊ አነጋገር ነው። ብዙውን ጊዜ ትንቢት ውስጥ ጥቅም ላይ ውሏል።
“የፍርድ ቀን” እግዚአብሔር በማንኛውም ሰው ላይ የሚፈርድበት ወደፊት የሚመጣ ጊዜ ነው።
“ያህዌ” የእግዚአብሔር የተፀውዖ ስም ሲሆን፣ በሚቃጠለው ቁጥቋጦ ውስጥ እግዚአብሔር ራሱን ለሙሴ የገለጠው በዚህ ስሙ ነበር።
“ያልቦካ እንጀራ” የሚያመለክተው ያለ እርሾ ወይም እንዲቦካ የሚያደርግ ሌላ ነገር ሳይገባበት የተጋገረ እንጀራን ነው። ያልቦካ ዳቦ ኩፍ አይልም፣ ስለዚህ ጠፍጣፋ ነው።
“ያልተገረዘ” እና “አለመገረዝ” አካላዊ ግርዘት ያላደረገ ወንድን ያመለክታል። ይህ ቃል በምሳሌያዊ አንጋገርም ጥቅም ላይ ይውላል።
“ያልተፈቀደ” ነገር የሚያደርግ ሰው ሕግ ያፈርሳል።
“ያልታመነ” የሚለው ቃል የሚያመለክተው እንዲያደርግ እግዚአብሔር ያዘዘውን ነገር የማያደርገውን ሰው ነው። እንዲህ ማድረግ አለመታመን ነው።
ያዕቆብ የማርያምና የዮሴፍ ልጅ ሲሆን፣ ከኢየሱስ ግማሽ ወንድሞች አንዱ ነበር።
የእልፍዮስ ልጅ ያዕቆብ ከአሥራ ሁለቱ የኢየሱስ ሐዋርያት አንዱ ነበር።
የዘብዴዎስ ልጅ ያዕቆብ ከአሥራ ሁለቱ የኢየሱስ ሐዋርያት አንዱ ነበር። ዮሐንስ የሚባል ታናሽ ወንድም የነበሩት ሲሆን፣ እርሱም ከኢየሱስ ሐዋርያት አንዱ ነበር።
ያዕቆብ የይስሐቅና የርብቃ ታናሹ መንታ ልጅ ነው።
ያፌት ብሉይ ኪዳን ውስጥ ከተጠቀሱት ሦስቱ የዮኅ ልጆች አንዱ ነው።
ይሁዳ የያዕቆብ አራተኛ ልጅ ነው እናቱ ልያ ትባላለች።
“ይሁዳ” የሚለው ቃል የመጣው ከአሥራ ሁለቱ የእስራኤል ነገዶች አንዱ ከነበረው ይሁዳ ከሚለው ስም ነው። ጠበብ ባለና ሰፋ ባለ መልኩ ጥቅም ላይ ይውላል።
ተርጓሚዎቹ ልዩነቱን በጣም ግልጽ ማድረግ ከፈለጉ፣ ሰፋ ባለ መልኩ የቀረበውን ይሁዳ (ለምሳሌ ሉቃስ 1፥5) “የይሁዳ አገር” በማለት መተርጎም ይችላሉ፤ ጠበብ ባለ መልኩ (ለምሳሌ ሉቃስ 1፥39) ጥቅም ላይ ከዋለ፣ ይህ ቦታ መጀመሪያ የይሁዳ ነገድ የነበረበት የጥንቱ የእስራኤል ምድር አካል ስለነበር፣ “የይሁዳ ክፍለ ሀገር” በማለት መተርጎም ይቻላል።
የያዕቆብ ልጅ ይሁዳ ከአሥራ ሁለቱ የኢየሱስ ደቀመዛሙርት አንዱ ነበር። ይኸኛው ከአስቆሮቱ ይሁዳ የተለየ መሆኑን ልብ በሉ።
የአይሁድ ሕዝብ የሚለማመደውን ሃይማኖት ማለትም የአይሁድ ሃይማኖትን ለማመልከት አዲስ ኪዳን ከተጻፈበት ዘመን አንስቶ እስከዚህ ዘመን ድረስ፣ “ይሁዲ” የሚለው ቃል ጥቅም ላይ ውሏል።
የአይሁድ ሕዝብ የሚለማመደውን ሃይማኖት ማለትም የአይሁድ ሃይማኖትን ለማመልከት አዲስ ኪዳን ከተጻፈበት ዘመን አንስቶ እስከዚህ ዘመን ድረስ፣ “ይሁዲ” የሚለው ቃል ጥቅም ላይ ውሏል።
ይሳኮር የያዕቆብ ማለትም የእስራኤል ዘጠነኛ ልጅ ነው።
ምንም እንኳ በጣም ያረጁ ቢሆኑም ለእነርሱ እንደሚሰጣቸው እግዚአብሔር ለአብርሃምና ለሣራ ቃል የገባላቸው ልጅ ነው።
አንድን ሰው ይቅር ማለት ከዚህ ቀደም ባደረገው መጥፎ ነገር ቂም አለመያ ማለት ነው። “ይቅርታ” ሌላውን ይቅር የማለት ተግባር ነው።
ዮሐንስ ከአሥራ ሁለቱ የኢየሱስ ሐዋርያት እንዱ ነበር፤ ከኢየሱስ የቅርብ ወዳጆችም አንዱ ነበር።
ዮሐንስ የዘካርያስና የኤልሳቤጥ ልጅ ነበር። ዮሐንስ የተሰኘው ስም በጣም የተለመደ ከመሆኑ የተነሳ ሐዋርያው ዮሐንስን ከመሳሰሉ ዮሐንስ ከተባሉ ሌሎች ሰዎች እርሱን ለመለየት፣ “መጥምቁ ዮሐንስ” ተብሏል።
ዮሐንስ ማርቆስ በሐዋርያዊ ተልዕኮው ከሐዋርያው ጳውሎስ ጋር ከተጓዙ ሰዎች አንዱ ሲሆን፣ ማርቆስ ተብሎ ይጠራል።
ዮርዳኖስ ወንዝ ከሰሜን ወደደቡብ፣ ከነዓን ተብሎ ይጠራ ከነበረው ምድር ምሥራቃዊ ድንበር ይፈስ የነበረ ወንዝ ነው።
ዮሴፍ የያዕቆብ አሥራ አንደኛ ልጅ ሲሆን፣ ለራሔል ደግሞ የመጀመሪያ ልጇ ነበር።
ዮሴፍ የማርያም እጮኛ የነበረ ሲሆን፣ እንደ አባት ኢየሱስን አሳድጓል።
ዮቶር እና ራጉኤል የተሰኙት ስሞች የሚያመለክቱት የሙሴን ሚስት የሴፎራን አባት ነው። ራጉኤል የጎሳው ስም ሊሆን ይችላል።
ዮናስ በብሉይ ኪዳን ዘመን የነበረ እስራኤላዊ ነቢይ ነበር።
ዮናታን ብሉይ ኪዳን ውስጥ ብዙ ጊዜ ተጠቅሷል። ትርጉሙ፣ “ያህዌ ሰጥቷል” ማለት ነው።
ዮዳሔ ንጉሥ ለመሆን እስከበቃበት ድረስ የንጉሥ አካዝያስን ልጅ ኢዮአስን ደብቆ ያቆየውና የተከላከለለት ካህን ነበር።
ዮፍታሔ የእስራኤል መስፍን ወይም ገዢ በመሆን ያገለገለ ከገለአድ የመጣ ጦረኛ ነበር።
ደሊላ ሚስቱ ባትሆንም ሳምሶን ወዶአት የበረች ፍልስጥኤማዊት ናት።
ደማስቆ ሶርያ የሚባለው አገር ዋና ከተማ ነው። ዛሬም ቢሆን መጽሐፍ ቅዱስ በተጻፈበት ዘመን የነበረበት ቦታ ላይ ነው ያለው።
“ደም” ጉዳት ወይም ቁስል ሲኖር ከአንድ ሰው ቆዳ የሚወጣ ቀይ ፈሳሽ ነገርን ያመለክታል። ደም ለሰው አካል ሕይወት ሰጪ ምግብን ያመጣል።
ደስታ የደስታ ስሜት ወይም ከእግዚአብሔር የሚመጣ ጥልቅ ርካታ ነው። ከዚሁ ጋር ታያያዥ የሆነው፣ “ደስተኛ” የሚለው ቃል በጣም ደስ የተሰኘ ሰውን ያመለክታል።
“ደቀ መዝሙር” በቃልም ሆነ በሕይወት ምሳሌነት ከመምህሩ ለመማር ሲል ብዙ ጊዜውን ከመምህሩ ጋር የሚያሳልፍ ሰው ነው።
ደብረ ዘይት ተራራ ከኢየሩሳሌም ከተማ በስተ ምሥራቅ በኩል ያለ ተራራ ወይም ረጅም ኮረብታ ነው። ይህን ስሙን ያገኘው በብዛት እዚያ ከሚገኙት የወይራ ዛፎች ሊሆን ይችላል።
ደብዳቤ ብዙ ጊዜ ከጸሐፊው ርቀው ላሉ ወገኖች ወይም ሰዎች የሚላክ መልእክት ነው። መልእክት የተለየ ዐይነት ደብዳቤ ሲሆን፣ ብዙውን ጊዜ የሚጻፈው ማስተማርን ለመሰሉ የተለዩ ዓላማ ነው።
“ደንገል” የሚለው ቃል የሚያመለክተው ውሃ ውስጥ፣ ብዙውን ጊዜም ወንዝ ወይም ምንጭ ዳር የሚበቅል ረጅም አገዳ ያለው ተክል ነው።
“ደጃፍ” የሚባለው የበር ታችኛው ክፍል ነው። ወደ አንድ ቤት ሲገባ ደጃፉን መርገጥ ይገባል።
ይህ ከደጋን ገመድ ቀስትን ማስፈንጠርን የሚያካትት መሣሪያ ዐይነት ነው። መጽሐፍ ቅዱስ በተጻፈበት ዘመን ጠላትን ለማጥቃት ወይም ለምግብ የሚሆን እንስሳን ለመግደል ያገለግል ነበር።
እነዚህ ቃሎች አስቸጋሪና አደገኛ ቢሆን እንኳ እውነትን ለመናገርና ትክክለኛውን ለማድረግ ደፋርና ጎበዝ መሆንን ነው የሚያመለክቱት።
ዲያቆን ምግብን ወይም ገንዘብን በመሳሰሉ ተግባራዊ ነገሮች አጥቢያ ቤተ ክርስቲያን ውስጥ ያሉትን በመርዳት የሚያገለግል ሰው ነው።
ዳርዮስ የበርካታ የፋርስ ነገሥታት ስም ነው። “ዳርዮስ” የማንነት መገለጫ እንጂ መጠሪያ ስም አይደለም።
ዳን አምስተኛው የያዕቆብ ልጅ ሲሆን ከአሥራ ሁለቱ የእስራኤል ነገዶች አንዱ ነበር። የዳን ነገድ ይኖርበት የነበረው ሰሜናዊው የከነዓን ክፍል በዚህ ስም ይጠራል።
ዳንኤል ገና ወጣት እያለ በ600 ዓቅክ በባቢሎን ነጉሥ ናቡከደነፆር በምርኮ የተወሰደ እስራኤላዊ ነቢይ ነበር።
አስተዳደራዊ፣ ሕጋዊ ወይም መንፈሳዊ ጉዳዮችን በተመለከተ ትክክልና ስሕተት የሆኑ ነገሮችን የሚወስን ሰው ዳኛ ወይም ፈራጅ ይባላል።
ዳዊት እግዚአብሔርን በመውደዱና እርሱን በማገልገሉ የታወቀ ሁለተኛው የእስራኤል ንጉሥ ነው። የመዝሙራት መጽሐፍ ዋናው ጸሐፊም እርሱ ነው።
አንድ ሰው ሲናገር ድምፅ ይጠቀማል፤ ስለዚህም ብዙ ጊዜ “ድምፅ” ንግግርን ወይም ሐሳብ ማስተላለፍን ለማመልከት ጥቅም ላይ ይውላል።
ድብ ጥቁር ቡናማ ጠጉርና ጠንካራ ጥርሶችና ጥፍሮች ያሉት ባለአራት እግር ግዙፍ እንስሳ ነው። መጽሐፍ ቅዱስ በተጻፈበት ዘመን ድብ በእስራኤል በብዛት ይገኝ ነበር
“ድነት” የሚለው ቃል ከክፉና ከአደጋ መዳንና ማምለጥን ያመለክታል
ድንኳን ተንቀሳቃሽ መጠለያ ሲሆን፣ የሚሠራው ምሰሶዎች ላይ በማንጠልጠሉና ከእንርሱ ጋር በተያያዙ ጠንካራ ጨርቅ ነበር።
ይህ ቃል የሚያመለክተው ከሰማይ የሚወርድ ጠጣር ነገርን ነው።
ድንጋይ አነስ ያለ ዐለት ነው። በድንጋይ መውገር አንድን ሰው ለመግደል እርሱ ላይ ድንጋዮች መወርወር ማለት ነው
ድንግል የግብረ ሥጋ ግንኙነት ያላደረገች ሴት ናት።
“ደኝ” ቢጫ መልክ ያለው ንጥረ ነገር ሲሆን፣ እሳትን በማቀጣጠልም ይረዳል
“ድፍረት” አስቸጋሪ፣ አስፈሪ ወይም አደገኛ ነገሮችን በጉብዝና መጋፈጥ ወይም አንድ ነገር ማድረግ ማለት ነው።
ብዙ ጊዜ፣ “ጃንደረባ” የሚለው ቃል የሚያመለክተው የተኮላሸ ወንድን ነው በኋላ ግን ቃሉ አካላዊ ጉድለት ባይኖርባቸውም በአጠቃላይ ማንኛውንም የመንግሥት ባለሥልጣን የሚያመለክት ሆነ።
ገሃነም በእርሱ ላይ የሚያምፁትንና በኢየሱስ መሥዋዕትነት በኩል እነርሱን የማድኑን ዕቅድ ችላ የሚሉትን የሚቀጣበት የመጨረሻው የስቃይ ቦታ ነው። “የእሳት ባሕር” ተብሎም ይጠራል።
ደረቅ የእህል ዘር መከላከያ ሽፋን ነው። ገለባ ለምግብነት አይጠቅምም፤ ስለዚህም ከእህሉ እንዲለያይ ይደረግና በኋላ ይጣላል።
ገለዓድ የጋድ፣ የሮቤልና የምናሴ ነገዶች የነበሩበት ከዮርዳኖስ ወንዝ ምሥራቅ የነበረ ተራራማ አካባቢ ስም ነው።
ገሊላ ከሰማርያ እንኳ በጣም ርቆ ሰሜናዊ የእስራኤል ጫፍ አካባቢ ነበረች።
አዲስ ኪዳን በተጻፈበት ዘመን ገላትያ በአሁኑ ዘመን ማዕከላዊ ቱርክ የሚባለው ቦታ ላይ ትገኝ የነበረች የሮም ከተማ ነበረች።
ገባኦን፣ ገባኦናውያን የሚኖሩባት ምድረ ከነዓን ውስጥ የነበረች ከተማና አካባቢ ናት።
ገብርኤል ከእግዚአብሔር መላእክት የአንዱ ስም ነው።
“ገብስ” እንጀራ ወይም ዳቦ ለማዘጋጀት የሚጠቅም የእህል አይነት ነው
ገዢ፣ አገርን፣ አካባቢን ወይም ክልልን የሚገዛ ሰው ነው። “መግዛት” ሰዎችን ወይም ነገሮችን መምራት ወይም ማስተዳደር ማለት ነው።
ገዢ እንደ አገር መሪ፣ መንግሥት ወይም ሃይማኖታዊ ድርጅት ላይ ሥልጣን ያለውን ሰው የሚያመለክት አጠቃላይ ቃል ነው
“ጉቦ” ወይም መማለጃ፣ ትክክል ወይም ተገቢ ያልሆነ ነገር እንዲያደርግ እዚያ ሰው ላይ ተጽዕኖ ለማሳደር ገንዘብን የመሰለ አንዳች ዋጋ ያለው ነገር መስጠት ማለት ነው።
ጉድጓድ ወደ መሬት በጣም ዝቅ ብሎ የተቆፈረ ድንጋይ ነው።
መጽሐፍ ቅዱስ በተጻፈበት ዘመን፣ “ጉድጓድ” እና “ውሃ መያዣ” ሁለት የተለያዩ የውሃ መገኛ ቦታዎችን ነበር የሚያመለክተው።
ጊብዓ ከኢየሩሳሌም በስተ ሰሜንና ከቤቴል በስተ ደቡብ የነበረ ከተማ ስም ነው።
መጽሐፍ ቅዱስ ውስጥ “ጊዜ” የሚለው ቃል ጥቅም ላይ የዋለው የተወሰኑ ነገሮች የተፈጸሙበትን ወቅት ወይም ዘመን ለማመልከት ነው። “ዕድም” ወይም፣ “ዘመን” ወይም “ወቅት” ጋር የሚመሳሰል ትርጕም አለው።
ጊደር ገና ያልወለደች ወጣት ላም ናት። ወራሽ ወራዕ የሚባለው የአንድ የሞተ ሰው ንብረት ወይም ገንዘብ የመቀበል ሕጋዊ ዕውቅና የተሰጠው ሰው ነው።
ጋሻ ከሚወረወር ፍላጻና ከሌሎችም ጠላት ከሚሰነዝራቸው ጥቃቶች ራሱን ለመከላከል አንድ ወታደር በጦርነት ይይዘው የነበረ ነገር ነበር ለአንድ ሰው ጋሻ መሆን እርሱን ከአደጋ መከለከል ማለት ነው
እነዚህ ሁሉ የሚያመለክቱት አጋንንትን ሲሆን፣ አጋንንት የእግዚአብሔርን ፈቀድ የሚቀወሙ መንፈሳዊ ፍጥረቶች ናቸው።
መጽሐፍ ቅዱስ በተጻፈበት ዘመን ጋዛ የሜዲትራንያን ባሕር ዳርቻ አካባቢ፣ ከኢየሩሳሌም ደቡብ ምዕራብ 77 ኪሎ ሜትር፣ ከአሽዶድ በስተ ሰሜን 38 ኪሎ ሜትር ላይ ትገኝ የነበረች በጣም አስፈላጊ የፍልስጥኤማውያን ከተማ ነበረች።
በብሉይ ኪዳን ዘመን ጋይ ከቤቴል በስተ ደቡብ ከኢያሪኮ ሰሜን ምዕራብ 8 ኪ.ሜ. ርቀት ላይ የምትገኝ የከነዓናውያን ከተማ ስም ነበረች።
ጋድ ከያዕቆብ ማለትም ከእስራኤል ልጆች የአንዱ ስም ነው። የጋድ ቤተሰብ ከአሥራ ሁለቱ የእስራኤል ነገዶች አንዱ ሆነዋል።
ጌልጌላ ከኢያሪኮ በስተ ሰሜን ያለች አገር ስትሆን፣ ወደ ከነዓን ለመግባት እስራኤላውያን የዮርዳኖስን ወንዝ ከተሻገሩ በኋላ የሰፈሩባት የመጀመሪያ ቦታ ናት።
ጌሣም ከግብፅ ሰሜናዊ ክፍል አካባቢ የሚገኝ ቦታ ስም ነበር።
ጌራራ ምድረ ከነዓን ውስጥ የነበረ ከተማና አካባቢ ሲሆን፣ ከኬብሮን ደቡብ ምዕራብና ከቤርሳቤህ ሰሜን ምዕራብ ይገኝ ነበር።
ጌርሳውያን የኖኅ ልጅ የካም ልጅ የሆነው የከነዓን ዘሮች ይኖሩበት በነበረው ምድረ ከነዓን የነበሩ ነገድ ናቸው።
በንጉሥ ዳዊት ዘመን ጌሸር ከገሊላ ባሕር በስተ ምሥራቅ በኩል፣ በእስራኤልና በአራም አገሮች መካከል የነበረች ታናሽ መንግሥት ነበረች።
ጌታ የሚለው ቃል ሰዎች ላይ ባለቤትነት ወይም ሥልጣን ያለውን ሰው ያመለክታል።
እንዱ እውነተኛ አምላክን በተመለከተ እነዚህ ቃሎች ብሉይ ኪዳን ውስጥ ብዙ ጊዜ ተጠቅሰዋል።
“ጌታ” የሚለው ቃል ሰዎች ላይ ባለቤትነት ወይም ሥልጣን ያለውን ሰው ያመለክታል።
ጌቴሴማኒ ከኢየሩሳሌም በስተ ምሥራቅ ከቄድሮን ሸለቆ ማዶ፣ ደብረ ዘይት ተራራ አጠገብ ያለ የወይራ ዛፎች የነበሩበት አትክልት ቦታ ነው።
ጌት ከአምስቱ የፍልስጥኤም ዋና ዋና ከተሞች አንዷ ነበረች። የምትገኘው ከአቃሮን በስተ ሰሜንና ከአሾዶድና ከአስቄሎና በስተ ምሥራቅ ነበር።
ጌዶዎን እስራኤልን ከጠላቶቻቸው እንዲያድን እግዚአብሔር ያስነሣው እስራኤላዊ ነው።
ግመል ጀርባው ላይ አንድ ወይም ሁለት ሻኛ ያለው ግዙፍ ባለ አራት እግር እንስሳ ነው።
አዲስ ኪዳን በተጻፈበት ዘመን ግሪክ የሮም መንግሥት ግዛት ውስጥ ያለች አገር ነበረች።
አዲስ ኪዳን በተጻፈበት ዘመን ግሪክኛ በግሪክና በመላው የሮም መንግሥት ብዛት መግባቢያ ቋንቋ ነበር፤ የመጀመሪያው የአዲስ ኪዳን መጻሕፍት የተጻፉት በግሪክኛ ነበር።
“ግራር” የተሰኘው ቃል በጥንት ዘመን በከነዓን ምድር ይበቅል የነበረው በብዛት ይገኝ የነበረው ቁጥቋጦ ወይም ዛፍ ስም ነው። ዛሬም ቢሆን በዚያ አካባቢ በብዛት ይገኛል።
ብዙውን ጊዜ “ግርማ” ከንጉሥ ክብር ጋር በተያያዘ መልኩ ትልቅነትንና ውበትን ነው የሚያመለክተው።
ግብር ከለላ ለማግኘትና በሕዝቦቻቸው መካከል መልካም ግንኙነት እንዲኖር አንድ መንግሥት ወይም ገዢ ለሌላው የሚያቀርበው ስጦታ ነው።
“ግብዝ” የሚለው ልቡ ክፉና ጠማማ ሆኖ በሰዎች ፊት ግን መልካም ሰው መስሎ ለመታየት የሚሞክር ሰው ነው። “ግብዝነት” መልካምና እውነተኛ መስሎ ለመታየት አንድ ሰው የሚያደርገው ነው።
ብዙውን ጊዜ ግብዣ የተለያዩ የምግብ ዓይነቶች የሚቀርቡበት ታዋቂ ሰፊ ድግስ ነው
ግብፅ ከአፍሪካ ሰሜን ምሥራቅ ክፍል፣ ከምድር ከነዓን ደቡብ ምዕራብ የምትገኝ አገር ነች።
ግዙፍ የሚለው ቃል ብዙውን ጊዜ የሚያመለክተው ያልተለመደ ቁመትና ጉልበት ያለውን ሰው ነው።
ግዛት ሰዎችን፣ እንስሳትንና መሬትን የመቆጣጠር፣ የመግዛት ኃይልና ሥልጣንን ያመለክታል።
ጎልያድ ዳዊት በወንጭፍ ድንጋይ የገደለው ግዙፍ ፍልስጥኤማዊ ወታደር ነበር።
“ጎልጎታ” ኢየሱስ የተሰቀለበት ቦታ ስም ነው። ቃሉ የመጣው፣ “የራስ ቅል” ወይም፣ “የራስ ቅል ቦታ” ከተሰኙ የአረማይክ ቃል ነው።
ጎሞራ ከባቢሎንያ አካባቢ በስተ ምሥራቅ ባለው በጣም ለም ሸለቆ ውስጥ አንድ ቦታ ላይ የነበረች ከተማ ነበረች።
አብዛኛውን ጊዜ ጎረቤት የሚባለው በአካባቢው የሚኖር ሰው ነው። ይበልጥ አጠቃላይ በሆነ መልኩ፣ በምትኖሩበት ማኅበረ ሰብ ወይም የሰዎች ስብስብ ውስጥ የሚኖር ሰውን ያመለክታል።
ብዙውን ጊዜ ጎርፍ የሚባለው ምድሩን ሁሉ የሚሸፍን ብዛት ያለው ውሃ ነው። የአንድን ነገር ብዛት ወይም በድንገት ነገር ለማመልከትም ምሳሌያው በሆነ መልኩ ጥቅም ላይ ይውላል።
“ጎሳ” ከአንድ አባት የተገኙ ረጅም ሐረግ ያለው ቤተ ሰብ አካሎች ናቸው።
“ጎተራ” ምግብ ወይም ሌሎች ነገሮችን ለማከማቸት የሚያገለግል ማስቀመጫ ነው
ጎቶልያ የይሁዳ ንጉሥ የኢዮራም ሚስት ስትሆን፥ በጣም ክፉ ሴት ነበርች። በክፋቱ የታወቀው የእስራኤል ንጉሥ የዘምሪ የልጅ ልጅ ነበረች
“ጠላት/ባለጋራ” አንዳንድ ሰው ወይም አንድን ነገር የሚቃወም ሰው ወይም ሰዎች ማለት ነው።
“ጠማማ” ግብረ ገባዊ ወልጋዳነት ወይም ገዳዳነት ያለውን ሰው ወይም ተግባር ለሚመለከት ጥቅም ላይ የሚውል ቃል ነው። “የተጣመመ” - ወልጋዳ ማለት ነው።
ጠርሴስ በአሁኑ ዘመን ማዕከላዊ ደቡብ ቱርክ ባለበት የሮም ኪልቂያ አውራጃ ውስጥ የነበረች ጥንታዊ ሀብታም ከተማ ናት
“ጢቢባን” የተሰኘው ቃል ጥቅም ላይ የዋለው የተለየ ዕውቀትና ችሎታ ያላችው ሰዎችን ለማመልከት ሲሆን፣ ብዙውን ጊዜ እነዚህ ሰዎች በንጉሡ አደባባይ ነበር የሚገኙት።
“ጠባቂ” አንድ ነገር በጥንቃቄ የሚመለከት፣ ረጋ ብሎና ቀረብ ብሎ በማስተዋል የሚመረምር ማለት ነው። ቃሉ በርካታ ምሳሌያዊ ትርጕሞችም አሉት።
ጠብ በሰዎች መካከል ያለ አካላዊ ወይም ስሜታዊ ግጭት ማለት ነው
“ጠንቃቃ” የሚለው ቃል ስለሚሠራው ነገር ረጋ ብሎ የሚያስብና ትክክለኛ ውሳኔ የሚያደርግ ሰውን ይገልጣል።
“ጠንካራ” የሚለው ቃል እንደ ዐውዱ ሁኔታ የተለያዩ ትርጕሞች ይኖሩታል። ብዙዎን ጊዜ የሚያመለክተው አስቸጋሪ፣ አዳጋች ወይም የማይበገር ነገርን ነው።
ጢሞቴዎስ እርሱ በነበረበት ልስጥራ ከተማ ጳውሎስ ባገለገለ ጊዜ በክርስቶስ ያመነ ወጣት ሰው ነበር። በኋላም ጳውሎስ ባደረገው በርካታ ሐዋርያዊ ጉዞ አብሮት ነበር፤ የአዲስ አማኞች ማኅበረ ሰብ መጋቢ በመሆንም አገልግሏል።
ጢሮስ በአሁኑ ዘመን ሊባኖስ በሚባለው ሜዲትራንያን ባሕር ዳርቻ ላይ የነበረች ጥንታዊ የከነዓናውያን ከተማ ናት። የከተማዋ አንድ ክፍል ከባሕሩ ዳርቻ አንድ ኪሎ ሜትር ወደ ውስጥ ገባ ካለው ደሴት ጋር ይያያዛል።
የጢሮአዳ ከተማ በጥንቱ የሮም እስያ አውራጃ ሰሜን ምዕራብ ባሕር ዳርቻ ትገኝ የነበረች ወደብ ናት።
“ጠቢብ” የሚለው ቃል መልካምና ግብረ ገባዊ ነገሮችን የሚረዳና በተረዳው መሠረት የሚኖር ሰው ነው። እውነትና ግብረ ገባዊ የሆኑ ነገሮችን መረዳት፣ “ጥበብ” ይባላል።
ጣዖት እርሱን ለማምለክ ሰዎች የሚያበጁት ነገር ነው። ከአንዱ እውነተኛ አምላክ ይልቅ ለአንዳች ሌላ ነገር ክብር ሲሰጥ ያ ጣዖት አምልኮ ይባላል።
ጤባርዮስ ቄሳር ኢየሱ ባገለገለበት ዘመን ይሁዳን እየገዛ የነበረ ሮማዊ ነው። ምንም እንኳ በእርግጥ ንጉሥ ባይሆንም አንዳንዴ “ንጉሥ ሄሮድስ” እየተባለ ይጠራል።
ቃል በቃል ሲወሰድ፣ “ጥላ” ብርሃን ሲጋረድ የሚፈጠረውን ጨለማ ያመለክታል። በርካታ ምሳሌያዊ ጠቀሜታዎችም አሉት
“ጥልቅ/ጥልቁ”የሚለው ቃል በጣም ሰፊና ጥልቅ ጉድጓድን ወይም ማለቂያ የሌለው ሸለቆን ያመለክታል
ጥሩር የሚባለው በጦርነት ጊዜ ወታደሩን ለመከለል ደረትን የሚሸፍን መሥራሪያ ነው። እስራኤላዊው ሊቀ ካህን ይለብስ የነበረው ልዩ ዐይነት ልብስ ክፍል ጥሩር ይባል ነበር።
ጥርስ ማፋጨት ማለት ጥርሶችን በማያያዝ ወደ ፊት ወደ ኋላ በማድረግ ወይም ግራና ቀኝ በማድረግ እርስ በርሳቸው እንዲፋጩ ማድረግ ማለት ነው። ይህ ብዙውን ጊዜ የሚያሳየው ከባድ ስቃይን (ሕመምን) ወይም ቊጣን ነው።
በጥንት ዘመን ጥቅልል ከአንድ ረጅም የፓፒረስ ገጽ ወይም ከቆዳ የሚሠራ የመጽሐፍ ዓይነት ነበር። ጥቅልሉ ላይ ከተጻፈ ወይም ከተነበበ በኋላ ሰዎች ጫፉ ላይ ትንሽ በትር መሳይ ነገር በማኖር ይጠቀልሉት ነበር
በአጠቃላይ “ጠቃሚ” የሚለው ቃል የሚያመለክተው የሚገኝ መልካም ነገርን ነው። ለራሱ መልካምነገር የሚያስገኝ ወይም ለሌሎች መልካም ነገር የሚያስገኝ ከሆነ አንድ ነገር ጠቃሚ ነው ይባላል።
ጥድ ዓመቱን ሙሉ አረንጓዴ የሆነ፣ ዘሩን የሚይዝበት ሾጣጣ መያዣዎች ያሉት የዛፍ ዓይነት ነው።
ጥፋት የሚለው ቃል ምንም ይግባኝ ወይም ማምለጫ የሌለው ፍርድና ኩነኔን ያመለክታል።
ጦር በአንድ በኩል ሹል ብረት ያለው ሆኖ ጠላት ላይ የሚወረወር ረጅም እጀታ ያለው መሣሪያ ነው
ቃል በቃል፣ “ጨለማ” የብርሃን አለመኖር ማለት ነው። ይህ ቃል የተለያዩ ምሳሌያዊ ትርጕሞችም አሉት።
ጲላጦስ ኢየሱስ እንዲገደል የፈረደ ሮማዊ ባለ ሥልጣን ነበር።
ጳርቴ ወይም ጳንጦስ በሮም መንግሥትና በጥንት ቤተ ክርስቲያን ዘመን የሮም አውራጃ ነበረች። የምትገኘው በአሁኑ ዘመን ቱርክ በሚባለው ሰሜናዊ ክፍል ጥቁት ባሕር ዳርቻ ነበር።
ጳውሎስ ለሌሎች ብዙ ሕዝቦች የምሥራቹን ቃል እንዲያደርስ ኢየሱስ የላከው የጥንት ቤተ ክርስቲያን መሪ ነበር።
በዓለ ሃምሳ ከፋሲካ ሃምሳ ቀን በኋላ የሚከበረው የአይሁድ በዓል ግሪክኛ ስም ነው።
እነዚህ ስሞች ከአሥራ ሁለቱ የኢየሱስ ሐዋርያት አንዱ የነበረው የጴጥሮስ መጠሪያዎች ናቸው። በጥንት ቤተ ክርስቲያን ታዋቂ መሪ ነበር።
ያዕቆብና ሚስቶቹ እንዲሁም ልጆቹ በከነዓን ምድር በነበሩ ጊዜ ጴጥፍራ የግብፅ ፈርዖን ከፍተኛ ባለ ሥልጣን ነበር። ጴጥፍራ የዘቦች አለቃ ነበር።
ኀይል፣ ኀይላት “ኀይል” የሚለው ቃል የሚያመለክተው አብዛኛውን ጊዜ በታላቅ ብርታት ነገሮችን ማድረግን ወይም ነገሮች እንዲሆኑ የማድረግ ችሎታን ነው። “ኀይላት” የሚያመለክተው ነገሮች እንዲሆኑ የማድረግ ታላቅ ችሎታ ያላቸው ሰዎችን ወይም መናፍስትን ነው።
ጵርስቅላ ከባልዋ ከአቂላ ጋር በሐዋርያዊ ተልዕኮው ከሐዋርያው ጳውሎስ ጋር አብራ ትሠራ የነበረች የመጀመሪያው መቶኛ ዓመት አይሁዳዊት ክርስቲያን ነበረች።
ጸሐፍት መንግሥታዊ ወይም ሃይማኖታዊ ሰንዶችን በእጅ ጽሑፍ የማርቀቅ ወይም የመገልበጥ ኅላፊነት የነበረባቸው ባለ ሥልጣኖች ናቸው
“ጸጋ” የሚለው ቃል ምንም ሳይለፋና ሳይደክም አንድን ሰው መርዳትን ወይም መባረክን ያመለክታል። “ባለ ጸጋ” ሌሎችን ጸጋ የሚያሳይን ሰው ይመለከታል።
“ጻድቅ” እና፣ “ጽድቅ” የእግዚአብሔር ፍጹም መልካምነት፣ ፍትሕ፣ ታማኝነትና ፍቅር ያመለክታል። እግዚአብሔር ጻድቅ ስለሆነ ኀጢአት ላይ መፍረድ አለበት።
መጀመሪያ ላይ፣ “ጽዮን” ወይም፣ “የጽዮን ተራራ” ተብሎ ይጠራ የነበረው ንጉሥ ዳዊት ከኢያቡሳውያን የያዝሰው ምሽግ ወይም መሸሸጊያ ቦታ ስም ነበር። የኢየሩሳሌም ከተማ በተመሠረተችባቸውና የዳዊት መኖሪያ ከሆነው ኮረብቶች አንዱ ላይ ነበር የሚገኘው።
“ጽድቅ የሌለበት” ኀጢአተኛና ምግባረ ምልሹ ማለት ሲሆን፣ “ኀጥእ” ኀጢአት ማድረግን ወይም፣ ኀጢአተኛ መሆንን ያመለክታል።
“ጽድቅ የሌለበት” ኀጢአተኛና ምግባረ ምልሹ ማለት ሲሆን፣ “ኀጥእ” ኀጢአት ማድረግን ወይም፣ ኀጢአተኛ መሆንን ያመለክታል።
“ጽድቅ የሌለበት” ኀጢአተኛና ምግባረ ምልሹ ማለት ሲሆን፣ “ኀጥእ” ኀጢአት ማድረግን ወይም፣ ኀጢአተኛ መሆንን ያመለክታል።
መጾም ምግብን ወይም አንዳንድ የምግብ ዐይነቶችንና መጠጦችን ለተወሰነ ጊዜ ማቆም ነው።
መጽሐፍ ቅዱስ በተጻፈበት ዘመን “ፈረሰኛ” የሚባለው ብዙውን ጊዜ ፈረስ ላይ ሆኖ ወደ ጦርነት የሚሄድ ሰው ነበር።
ፈረስ ግዙፍ ባለ አራት እግር እንስሳ ሲሆን፣ መጽሐፍ ቅዱስ በተጻፈበት ዘመን በአብዛኛው ለእርሻ ሥራና ለሰዎች መጓጓዣ ያገለግል ነበር።
ፈሪሳውያን ኢየሱስ በዚህ ምድር በነበረ ዘመን በጣም ታዋቂ የእስራኤል ሃይማኖት መሪዎች ነበር። አብዛኞቹ መካከለኛ ኑሮ ያላቸው ሠራተኞች ሲሆኑ፣ ጥቂቶቹም ካህናት ነበሩ።
ፈራጅ ሕግን በሚመለከቱ ጉዳዮች የመዳኘትና የመወሰን ሥልጣን እንዲኖረው የተሾመ ባለ ሥልጣን ነው።
ብዙውን ጊዜ፣ “ፈራጅ” ወይም፣ “ፍርድ” የተሰኙት ቃሎች የሚያመለክቱት ከግብረ ገብ አንጻር አንድ ነገር ትክክል መሆን አለመሆኑን በተመለከተ ውሳኔ መስጠት ነው።
በጥንት ዘመን ግብፅን ይገዙ የነበሩ ንጉሦችን ፈርዖን ነበር።
“ፈተና” የሚለው ቃል የአንድን ሰው ብርታትና ድካም ለይቶ የሚያሳይ አስቸጋሪ ወይም አዳጋች ሁኔታ ያመለክታል።
ፊልጵስዩስ በጥንቷ ግሪክ ሰሜናዊ ክፍል ትገኝ የነበረች ከተማ ናት።
ሐዋርያው ፊልጶስ ከመጀመሪያዎቹ አሥራ ሁለት የኢየሱስ ደቀ መዛሙርት አንዱ ነበር።
በኢየሩሳሌም በነበረችው የጥንት ቤተ ክርስቲያን ፊልጶስ ለድኾችና ችግረኛ ክርስቲያኖች በተለይም ለመበለቶች ጥንቃቄ እንዳይደርጉ ከተመረጡ ሰባት መሪዎች አንዱ ፊልጶስ ነበር።
“ፊት” የሚለው ቃል የአንድ ሰው ራሱ ከፊት በኩል ያለውን ክፍል ነው፤ ቃሉ አያሌ ምሳሌያዊ ትርጉሞች አሉት።
ብሉይ ኪዳን ውስጥ ፊንሐስ ተብለው የተጠሩ ሁለት ሰዎች አሉ።
በጥንት ዘመን ፊንቂያ ሜዲትራንያን ባሕር ዳር የምትገኝ በጣም ሀብታም ከተማ ነበረች። የአሁኗ ሊባኖስ ካለችበት ምዕራብ አካባቢ ነበር የምትገኘው።
የፋራን በረሐ ከግብፅ በስተምሥራቅና ከምድረ ከንዓን በስተደቡብ የሚገኝ ምድረበዳ ነበር። ፋራን የሚባል ተራራም ነበር፤ ምናልባትም ይህ ስም የሲና ተራራ ሌላ ስም ሊሆን ይችላል።
ፋርስ በ550 ዓቅክ ታላቁ ቂሮስ የመሠረተው መንግሥት ነው። ማዕከሉ የነበረው የአሁኗ ዘመን ኢራን ያለችበት ቦታ ላይ ነበር። የፋርስ ነዋሪዎች፣ “ፋርሳውያን” ይባላሉ።
ፋሲክ እግዚአብሔር አባቶቻቸው እስራኤላውያንን እንዴት ከግብፅ ባርነት እንዳዳናቸው ለማሰብ አይሁድ በየዓመቱ የሚያከብሩት ሃይማኖታዊ በዓል ስም ነው።
ፌርዛውያን በፓለስቲና ከነበሩ እስራኤላውያን ጋር ብዙ ውጊያ ያደረጉ፣ “ብሔር” ነበሩ። ስለ ማንነታቸው ወይም የት ይኖሩ እንደ ነበር ምንም ገለጻ አልተሰጠም።
ፌፎር ከጨው ባሕር በስተ ምሥራቅ ሞዓብ ምድር ውስጥ የሚገኝ ተራራ ስም ነው። የሮቤል ነገድ የሚኖረው እዚህ ነበር።
ፍልስጥኤማውያን ፍልስጥኤም በመባል በሚታወቀው የሜድትራንያን ባሕር ዳርቻ አካባቢ የሚኖሩ ሕዝብ ናቸው። የስማቸው ትርጕም፣ “የባሕር ሰዎች” ማለት ነው።
ፍልስጥኤም ምድረ ከነዓን ውስጥ በጣም ሰፊ የነበረው አካባቢ ስም ሲሆን፣ የምትገኘው በሜድትራንያን ባሕር ዳርቻ ነበር።
ቃል በቃል ሲወሰድ፣ “ፍሬ” የሚበላ የተክል ክፍል ነው። “ፍሬያማ” ብዙ ፍሬ ያለው ማለት ነው። እነዚህ ቃሎች ምሳሌያዊ በሆነ ንግግር ውስጥ ጥቅም ላይ ይውላሉ።
“ፍርሃት” እና፣ “ፈራ” የሚሉት በእርሱ ወይም በሌሎች ላይ ጉዳት ይመጣል ብሎ ሲያስብ የሚኖረው ደስ የማይል ስሜት ነው።
አንድን ሰው መውደድ ለዚያ ሰው ማሰብና መጠንቀቅ እንዲሁም ለእርሱ የሚጠቅመውን ነገር ማድረግ ነው። “ፍቅር” የተለያዩ ትርጕሞች አሉት፤ አንዳንድ ቋንቋዎች በተለያዩ ቃሎች ይገልጹታል። 1. ከእግዚአብሔር የሚመጣው ፍቅር ምንም እንኳ ራስን የሚጠቅም ባይሆንም ሌሎችን መጥቀም ላይ ያተኩራል። ምንም ያድርጉ ምን ይህ ፍቅር ለሌሎች ያስባል፣ ለሌሎች ይጠነቃቃል። እግዚአብሔር ራሱ ፍቅር ነው፤ የእውነተኛ ፍቅር ምንጭም እርሱ ነው።
በዚህ ዐይነቱ ፍቅር ሰዎች ሌሎቹን ሲወዱ የሌሎችን ማደግና መሻሻልንም መወደዳቸውን የሚያሳይ ተግባርም ያደራሉ። ሌሎችን ይቅር የሚል ልብም ይኖራቸዋል።
ሌላው የአዲስ ኪዳን ቃል የወንድማማችነት ፍቅርን ወይም ጓደኛን ወይም ቤተ ሰብን ማፍቀርን የሚመለከተው ነው።
ይህ ቃል የሚያመለክተው በጓደኛሞች ወይም በዘመዳሞች መካከል ያለውን ተፈጥሮአዊና ሰብዓዊ ፍቅርን ነው።
“በግብዣም በከበሬታ ቦታ መቀመጥ ያፈቅራሉ (ይወዳሉ)” በሚለው ዐውድ ውስጥም ጥቅም ላይ ውሏል። ይህም ማለት ያንን የማድረግ ከፍ ያለ ፍላጎት ወይም ምኞት አላቸው ማለት ነው።
“ፍቅር” የሚለው ቃል በወንድና በሴት መካከል ያለውን መሳሳብና ማደድንም ያመለክታል። 4. “ያዕቆብን ወደድሁ (አፈቀርሁ) ኤሳውን ግን ጠላሁ” በሚለው አነጋገር ውስጥ፣ “ወደድሁ” የሚለው ቃል የሚያመለክተው ያዕቆብ ከእርሱ ጋር የኪዳን ግንኙነት እንዲኖረው እግዚአብሔር መምረጡን ነው። ስለዚህ እዚህ ላይ ይህ ቃል፣ “መረጥሁ” ተብሎ መተርጎም ይችላል ማለት ነው። ምንም እንኳ ኤሳውም በእግዚአብሔር ቢበክም፣ ከእርሱ ጋር ኪዳን የማድረግን መብት አላገኘም። “ጠላሁ” የሚለውም ቃል፣ “አልፈለግሁትም” ወይም፣ “አልመረጥሁም” ተብሎ ሊተረጎም ይችላል።
ፍትወት በጣም የጋለ ምኞት ሲሆን፣ ብዙውን ጊዜ ኀጢአት ወይም ግብረ ገባዊ ካልሆነ ነገር ፍላጎት ጋር ይያያዛል።
ፍየል መጠነኛ ቁመት ያለው፣ ከበግ ጋር የሚመሳሰልና በዋነኛነት ደረጃ ወተትና ሥጋ ለማግኘት ሰዎች የሚያረቡት ባለ አራት እግር እንስሳ ነው። የፍየል ግልገል “ወጠጤ” ይባላል።
“ፍጡር” ሰዎችንና እንስሳትን ጨምሮ እግዚአብሔር የፈጠረውን ሕያው ነገር ሁሉ ያመለክታል።
መጽሐፍ ቅዱስ ውስጥ፣ “ፍጹም” የሚለው ቃል በክርስትና ሕይወታችን አስተዋዮችን በሳሎች ሆኖ መገኘትን ነው። አንዳንዴ “ፍጹም” የሚለው ቃል የተሟላና እንከን የሌለበት እስኪሆን ድረስ በክርስትና ሕይወት ማደግ ማለትም ይሆናል።
“ፓስተር” የሚለው ቃል በቃል፣ “እረኛ” ከሚለው ጋር አንድ ነው። የአማኞች ስብስብ መንፈሳዊ መሪ ለሆነ ሰው የሚሰጥ ስም ነው።
ፔዳን አራም ወደ ምድረ ከንዓን ከመሄድ በፊት የአብርሃም ቤተሰብ የነበረበት ቦታ ነው።